2023版高考英语一轮总复习 10年高考真题分类题组 专题十一 推理判断.docx

1、专题十一推理判断Passage 1(2021天津,C)In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we􀆳re actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable of thinking and feeling?Tech company UneeQ is

2、heading for its “digital humans”, which appear lifelike on the screen not only in terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to a human, but not quite.What lies beneath UneeQ􀆳s digital humans? Their 3D faces are modeled on

3、actual human features. Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to work out a response. Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a “digital brain” that imitates aspects of the human

4、brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”.Shiwali Mohan, an AI scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings.“They􀆳re humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human,” she says. “Human qua

5、lities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic (算法) design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that behave like humans.” She then continues,“If something looks like a huma

6、n, we have high expectations of them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地) know how other humans react.”Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health care, and commercial sectors (行业). “Unless

7、these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind,” says Chetan Dube, UneeQ􀆳s CEO.Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to create digital humans themselves using free-access

8、 platforms they provide. “The biggest motivation for such platforms is to popularize AI,” Dube says.Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they􀆳re headed. “As we develop more advanced AI technology, we wo

9、uld then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology,” she says.“Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans in their goals.”1.According to Para. 2,in what respect(s) do UneeQ􀆳s “digital humans” resemble human beings?A.In the way they move around.B.In the way they ac

10、t and react.C.In observation and analysis.D.In speech and facial expressions.2.Soul Machines􀆳 “digital brain” is a technological breakthrough because it .A.learns to make proper emotional responsesB.tends to imitate human beings􀆳 tone vividlyC.recognizes the speech sounds it receiv

11、esD.processes the natural language it hears3.In Mohan􀆳s opinion, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?A.Calculating brain.B.Language skills.C.Instinctive judgements.D.Problem-solving ability.4.What makes many sectors employ digital humans?A.The fear of falling behind in efficienc

12、y.B.The urgency to promote e-commerce.C.The wish to spread digital technology.D.The need to upgrade the health care system.5.What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings?A.It􀆳s well planned.B.It􀆳s promising.C.It􀆳s uncertain.D.It􀆳s quite hopeless.答案语篇解读本文为

13、说明文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是科技发展与技术创新。文章主要讲述了“数字人”的发展现状以及科学家对这种数字生物的态度。1.D解题指导细节理解题。根据题干中的“According to Para. 2”将答案区域锁定在第二段。解析本题题干意为:根据第二段, UneeQ的“数字人”在哪个(些)方面与人类相似? 根据第二段中Tech company UneeQ is heading for its “digital humans”, which appear lifelike on the screen not only in terms of language, but also bec

14、ause of facial movements:raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod.可知,UneeQ的“数字人”不但在语言方面而且在面部动作方面栩栩如生,即在言语和面部表情上与人类相似。2.A解题指导细节理解题。根据题干中的“Soul Machines􀆳”和 “digital brain”将答案区域锁定在第三段。解析本题题干意为:Soul Machines的“数字大脑”是一项技术突破,因为它。根据第三段中Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biol

15、ogical approach, with a “digital brain” that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”.可知,之所以说Soul Machines的“数字大脑”是一项技术突破,是因为Soul Machines正采取一种更生物化的方法,使用“数字大脑”模仿人类大脑的各方面,以调整“数字人”“感受”和“表达”的情绪,即学会做出适当的情绪反应。解题技巧做细节理解题常用且有效的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或

16、选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案。要注意这类题会用同义转换的方式增加理解和定位的难度。此题选项A中“make proper emotional responses”与文中“adjust the emotions”属于同义转换。3.C解题指导推理判断题。根据题干中的“In Mohan􀆳s opinion, what human quality”将答案区域锁定在第四段。解析本题题干意为:在Mohan看来,数字人缺乏什么样的人类素质? 根据第四段中If something looks like a human,we have high expecta

17、tions of them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively know how other humans react.可知,人类只是直觉地认识别人的反应,而“数字人”的表现方式会不同,由此可推断出数字人缺乏人类的直觉判断素质。4.A解题指导细节理解题。根据题干中的“many sectors”和 “employ”将答案区域锁定在第五段。解析本题题干意为:是什么使得许多行业雇用数字人类? 根据第五段中Unless these sectors make their business mo

18、dels much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind可知,许多行业雇用数字人类是因为如果这些行业在商业模式数字化方面不能做到更高效,就可能会被甩在后面,即对在效率方面落后的担心。 5.B解题指导推理判断题。根据题干中的“Mohan”和“the future of digital beings”将答案区域锁定在最后一段。解析本题题干意为:Mohan对数字人类的未来有什么看法? 根据最后一段中.yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is opti

19、mistic about where they􀆳re headed.以及随后引用的Mohan所说的话可知,Mohan对数字人的未来发展持支持和乐观态度。拓展延伸作者或者文中人物的观点、看法和态度,常见的有三种:(1)支持、赞同、乐观。褒义词:supportive(支持的);positive(积极的);optimistic(乐观的);enthusiastic(热情的)等。(2)反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。贬义词:negative(否定的);ironic(讽刺的);critical(批评的);disgusted(厌恶的);disappointed(失望的)等。(3)中立、客观。中性词

20、:indifferent(漠不关心的);uninterested(不感兴趣的);objective(客观的);neutral(中立的)等。熟悉这些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语,对于做好这类题型非常有帮助。难句分析原句:Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a “digital brain” that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “express

21、ed” by its “digital people”.分析:这是一个主从复合句。句子主干为another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach; that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its “digital people”为定语从句,修饰先行词a “digital brain”。译文:与此同时,另一家人工智能公司Soul Machines正采取一种更生物化的方法

22、,使用“数字大脑”模仿人类大脑的各方面,以调整“数字人”“感受”和“表达”的情绪。Passage 2(2021天津,D)Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be “the easy subject” at school, insignificant to wider society, a wast

23、e of time and effort?Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and

24、transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don􀆳t just want material things anymore, they want to experience lifethe arts are a perfect crossover (交迭) between culture and commerce.Furthermore,

25、the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a

26、nation􀆳s experience. The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not; more engagement with the arts is

27、 linked to a higher level of people􀆳s wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, anxiety and blood pressure.Children who are involved with the arts make greater achieveme

28、nts in their education:those engaged with drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and languages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future. Participating in the arts is essential

29、 for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, for

30、art is a part of what makes us human.1.Art products differ from most other commercial products because .A.most people purchase them for collectionB.they are more expensive and less accessibleC.they have both commercial and cultural valuesD.their prices may climb up as time passes2.By sharing their a

31、rts experiences, community members can .A.keep the community safe from illnessesB.develop a stronger tie between themC.learn to appreciate their own works of artD.offer honourable solutions to their problems3.What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities?A.They enjoy better

32、living conditions.B.They like to compare themselves with others.C.They are particularly good at both music and art.D.They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.4.How does kids􀆳 engagement with the arts benefit them?A.It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.B.It gi

33、ves them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.C.It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.D.It helps to make responsible people out of them.5.What is the best title for this passage?A.How Art Cures Our HeartsB.Art: A Blessing to HumankindC.How Art Benefits Communit

34、iesD.Art: A Bridge Between Cultures答案语篇解读本文为议论文,主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容是艺术与人类文明。作者主要讨论了艺术对人类社会的积极影响。1.C解题指导细节理解题。根据题干中的“differ from”和“commercial products”可将答案区域锁定在第二段中。解析本题题干意为:艺术产品和大多数其他商品不同是因为。根据第二段中的“.art generates money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities.”可知,艺术不但能产生金钱

35、,还拥有重要的情感和文化价值。故选C。2.B解题指导推理判断题。根据题干中的“sharing their arts experiences”和“community members”可将答案区域锁定在第三段中。解析本题题干意为:通过分享他们的艺术体验,社区成员可以。根据第三段中的“Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion”可知,通过分享,个人之间的社会关系被创造出来了。文中的bonds对应选项B中的tie。故

36、选B项。解题技巧正确选项一般都是原文的同义转述,考生可以通过关注选项中的重点词汇的近义词,找到原文中相对应的词,从而选出正确选项。3.D解题指导推理判断题。根据题干中的“people who are involved in artistic activities”可将答案区域锁定在第四段中。解析本题题干意为:关于参加艺术活动的人们,我们能得知什么?根据第四段中的“The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who freq

37、uent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not”可知,艺术活动对参加的人的身体和心理有好处。故选D。拓展延伸The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health.此句中have a positive impact on sth.=have a positive effect on sth.=h

38、ave a positive influence on sth.意为:对某物产生积极影响。4.A解题指导细节理解题。根据题干中的“kids􀆳 engagement with the arts”可将答案区域锁定在第五段中。解析本题题干意为:孩子参加艺术(活动)对他们有什么好处?根据第五段中“Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education”和“encouraging children to express themselves in constructive

39、ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life”可知,这能提升他们的学业成绩和情感成长。题干中的engagement对应文中的involved;文中的greater achievements in their education对应选项A中的promotes their academic performance。故选A。5.B解题指导主旨大意题。本题需要分析文章结构,并了解每段的大意。解析本题题干意为:本文的最佳标题是什么?根据文章结构可知,作者先从第一段“不重视艺术”的现象开始谈起,在第二段至第五段中分别论述

40、了艺术对于人类生活的积极影响,在第六段中得出结论“没有艺术的生活是枯燥死寂的,因为艺术是我们人类生活不可分割的一部分”。由此可见,艺术是人类的福祉。故选B。难句分析原句:It is found that people who frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not.分析:It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,在这个从句中who frequent cultural places.为定语从

41、句,frequent是动词,意为:常去(某地);compared to those who do not为状语,其中who引导的是定语从句。译文:据发现,经常去文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比那些不去文化场所或不参加艺术活动的人更有可能获得良好的健康Passage 3(2021北京,D)Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when h

42、e theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today􀆳s state-of-the-art atomic (原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can􀆳t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you􀆳re asking.Forget about time

43、as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo (节奏) of human life? We􀆳re increasingly aware of the fact that we can􀆳t control Earth systems with engineering alone,

44、and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that􀆳s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global wa

45、rming. We􀆳re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We􀆳ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rat

46、e. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you􀆳ll see the opposite effect.The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It􀆳s a sort of observatory that reveals how

47、 the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame (时间框架),and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major

48、imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” offic

49、ial calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we􀆳re developing may encourage environmental awareness.When St. Augustine admitted his

50、inability to define time, he highlighted one of time􀆳s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?A.Timekeeping is increasingly related to na

51、ture.B.Everyone can define time on their own terms.C.The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.D.Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.2.The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to .A.present an assumptionB.evaluate an argumentC.highlight an experimentD.intro

52、duce an approach3.What can we learn from this passage?A.Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.B.New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C.Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.D.Modern technology may help to shape the rivers&#

53、1049011; temporal frame.4.What can we infer from this passage?A.It is crucial to improve the definition of time.B.A fixed frame will make time meaningless.C.We should live in harmony with nature.D.History is a mirror reflecting reality.答案语篇解读本文是说明文,主题语境为人与自然,主题语境内容为环境保护。文章通过讨论时间的定义,介绍了一种特殊的记录时间的方式。1

54、.B解题指导主旨大意题。根据 “the main idea of Paragraph 1”可知答案区域在第一段。解析本题题干意为:第一段的大意是什么?根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can􀆳t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you􀆳re asking.(即使是高等物理学也不能果断地告诉我们时间是什么,因为答案取决于你问的问题。)”以及上文列举的哲学家St. Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断,

55、第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。2.D解题指导推理判断题。根据“three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ”可知主要分析提问题的目的是什么,属于对写作手法的考查。解析本题题干意为:作者在第二段提出三个问题主要是为了。作者在第二段提出了三个问题:What if,instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology?(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间,而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢?),What if we allowed enviro

56、nmental conditions to set the tempo of human life?(如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢?)和What if our definition of time reflected that?(如果我们对时间的定义反映那个会怎么样呢?)。这三个问题与人类生活和生态环境有关。接着在第三段提出了一种新的定义时间的方式,由此判断第二段提出的三个问题是为了引出一种新的计时方法。故选D项。 3.C解题指导推理判断题。根据题干可知要解决此问题需要通读全文,逐项排除。解析本题题干意为:我们能从这篇文章中了解到什么?根据第三段的“If the rivers r

57、un faster in the future on average,the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower,you􀆳ll see the opposite effect.(如果河流在未来的平均流速更快,时间就会超过标准时间。如果它们的流速较慢,你就会看到相反的效果。)”可知,如果河流流速较慢,原子时间将超过河流时间。A、B和D三个选项均与原文不符,故应排除。解题技巧在处理一些难度较大的推理判断题时,如果直接分析有难度,可通读四个选项,把明显错误的选项直接排除,也可获得答案。4.C解题指导推理

58、判断题。根据题干中“infer”可知此题考查推理判断,需对原文信息进行总结后获得答案。解析本题题干意为:我们能从这篇文章中推断出什么?根据第二段的“.realizing that we need to moderate(调节)our actions if we hope to live in balance.(如果我们希望生活在平衡中,我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival.Likewise,river time and other timekeeping

59、 systems we􀆳re developing may encourage environmental awareness.”可推断,我们应该与自然和谐共处。故选C项。难句分析原句:Recently,I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that􀆳s connected to circumstances on our planet,conditions that might change as a result of global warming.分析:这是一个主从复合句。本句主干为:I conce

60、ptualized a new approach to timekeeping。 that􀆳s connected to circumstances on our planet为定语从句;conditions作circumstances的同位语,that might change as a result of global warming是定语从句,修饰先行词conditions。译文:最近,我构思了一种新的计时方法,它与我们地球上的环境有关,这些条件可能会由于全球变暖而发生变化。Passage 4(2021天津春,C)A trial project by the Montr

61、eal Childrens Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging (医学影像) procedures.“During the examination children dont move.It works perfectly.Its amazi

62、ng,” said Johanne LEcuyer, a medical-imaging technologist at the hospital.The project was inspired by a French team from Rouen University Hospital Centre where examinations are done under hypnosis instead of general anesthesia (麻醉).A French medical-imaging technologistalso a hypnotistwas invited to

63、train a few members in the medical-imaging department of the childrens hospital.In all, 80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September, 2019, focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.Hypnosis is not a state of sleep:It is rather a modified (改变的) state

64、 of consciousness.The technologist will guide the patient to this modified statean imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.“The technologist must build up a story with the patient,” Ms. LEcuyer said.“The patient is left with the power to choose wha

65、t he wants to talk about.Do you play sports? Do you like going to the beach? We establish a subject that we will discuss throughout the procedure.”Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this storyan injection (注射) becomes the bite of an insect;the heat on the skin becom

66、es the sensation of the sun and a machine that rings becomes a police car passing nearby.“The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patients body with what the patient sees in his head,” Ms. LEcuyer said.“It requires creativity on the part of the technolog

67、ist, imagination, a lot of patience and kindness.”The procedure appealed to the staff a lot when it was introduced in January.“It spread like wildfire that someone from France was here to train the technologists,” Ms. LEcuyer said.She added that she had a line of staff at her door wanting to take th

68、e training.1.One of the results produced by the trial project is.A.a better understanding of children B.less use of certain medicinesC.new medical-imaging technologyD.an improved reputation of the hospital2.The French technologist came to the childrens hospital to.A.assist in treating a patientB.car

69、ry out hypnosis trainingC.start up a new departmentD.learn about the procedure3.According to Paragraph 5, hypnosis works by.A.creating a perfect world for patientsB.forcing patients into a state of deep sleepC.putting patients into an unconscious stateD.leading patients consciousness away from reali

70、ty4.What can we learn about the story used in the procedure?A.It should keep pace with the procedure.B.It reflects the patients creativity.C.It is selected by the technologist.D.It tells what doctors are doing to the patient.5.The procedure was received among the staff with. A.uncertainty B.enthusia

71、sm C.worry D.criticism6.What is the passage mainly about?A.An easy way to communicate with patients.B.The standard method of conducting hypnosis.C.An introduction of medical-imaging technology.D.The use of hypnosis in medical-imaging procedures.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。主题语境是人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。本文介绍了使用催眠来帮助减轻病人在医

72、学影像程序中的痛苦和焦虑。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话The project also resulted in a reduction in the amount of medicines used to perform medical-imaging procedures.(该项目还使用于医学影像程序的药品数量减少。)可知选B。2.B推理判断题。依据第四段第一句A French medical-imaging technologistalso a hypnotistwas invited to train a few members in the medical-imaging d

73、epartment of the childrens hospital.(一位法国医学影像技术专家也是一名催眠师被邀请来培训儿童医院医学影像部的几名成员。)可知选B(进行催眠培训)。3.D细节理解题。根据第五段中的Hypnosis is not a state of sleep: It is rather a modified state of consciousness.The technologist will guide the patient to this modified statean imaginary world(催眠不是一种睡眠状态,而是一种改变的意识状态。技术专家将引导病

74、人进入这种改变的状态一个想象的世界)可知选D(让病人的意识远离现实)。4.A细节理解题。根据第七段中的Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related to this story(接下来在这个程序中发生的一切都必须与这个故事有关)可知选A(它应该与程序保持同步)。5.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The procedure appealed to the staff a lot以及“It spread like wildfire”可知员工对这种催眠培训很热情。6.D主旨要义题。文章在第一段中就点明了主旨:催眠在医

75、学影像程序中的应用。故选D。难句分析原句:The important thing is that the technologist associates what is happening outside the patients body with what the patient sees in his head.分析:本句中that引导表语从句,从句中还存在what引导的两个宾语从句。译文:重要的是,技术专家将病人身体外发生的事情与病人在他的脑海中看到的联系起来Passage 5(2021浙江1月,A)More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley live

76、d in rural (农村) India. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep.When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of himso he got on.That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally str

77、ange city.He lived on the streets, and then in an orphanage (孤儿院).There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldnt help but wonder about his hometown back in India.He remembered landmarks, but since he didnt know his

78、towns name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.Then he found a digital mapping program.He spent years searching for his hometown in the programs satellite pictures.In 2011, he came across something familiar.He studied it and realized he was looking at a towns cent

79、ral business district from a birds-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station”and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain”and there it was.Everything just started to match.When he stood in front of the house where he g

80、rew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance.“Theres something about me,” he thoughtand it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.In an interview Brierley says, “My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered.But she came forth and walked forward

81、, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion (核聚变).I just didnt know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true.And here I am, standing in front of her.”1.Why was Brierley separated from his fam

82、ily about 25 years ago?A.He got on a train by mistake.B.He got lost while playing in the street.C.He was taken away by a foreigner.D.He was adopted by an Australian family.2.How did Brierley find his hometown?A.By analyzing old pictures.B.By travelling all around India.C.By studying digital maps.D.B

83、y spreading his story via his book.3.What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?A.His love for his mother.B.His reunion with his mother.C.His long way back home.D.His memory of his hometown.答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容为个人生活。本文讲述了一个印度孩子因为意外离开了家乡变成孤儿,长大后利用数字地图重新找到家,找到母亲的故事。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段

84、最后一句When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of himso he got on.(当他醒来发现只有他一个人的时候,四岁的他认为他的哥哥可能在他眼前的那列火车上,所以他上了车。)可知选A(他误上了火车)。2.C推理判断题。根据第四段的描述可知选C。3.B主旨要义题。最后一段的采访中主要描述了Brierley与母亲相聚的场景。故选B。难句分析原句:He remembered landmarks, but s

85、ince he didnt know his towns name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.分析:本句中since引导原因状语从句,finding a small neighborhood in a vast country为动名词短语作主语。译文:他记得一些地标性建筑,但由于他不知道自己的城镇的名字,要在一个辽阔的国家里找到一个小街区后来证明是不可能的。Passage 6(2019课标全国,D)Bacteria are an annoying problem for ast

86、ronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is dependi

87、ng on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill

88、 bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,”says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanA

89、re you working towards your goal?Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and.its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has

90、 an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in spac

91、e.1.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms.D.They damage the instruments.2.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To sharpen st

92、udents communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.D.To link space technology with school education.3.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A.Check their product.B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules.D.Grade their homework.4.What is the best

93、title for the text?A.NASA:The Home of AstronautsB.Space:The Final Homework FrontierC.Nature:An Outdoor ClassroomD.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform答案语篇解读本文体裁为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。美国国家航空航天局创办了一个名为HUNCH的项目,一群高中生在项目中研究如何杀死国际空间站的细菌。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。1.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些?根据题干中的关键词bacteria in

94、 the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根据第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知,国际空间站的细菌非常难处理,所以选择A项。B:它们导致空气污染;C:它们以不同的形式出现;D

95、:它们毁坏仪器。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:HUNCH项目的目的是什么?第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。)中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school education(学校教育)对应,NASA engineers与D选项中的space technology(空间技术)对应,故选D。A:为了加强师生关系;B:为了提升学生的交流技能;C:为了让学生体验失重。3.A推理判断题。本

96、题题干意为:NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么?根据题干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and.its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product,句中两次出现review(检查,审查),证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查,所以答案是A项。B:指导项目设计;C:调整工作时间表;D:给他们的作业打分。4.B主旨要义题。本题题干意为:最适

97、合本文的标题是什么?本文主要介绍HUNCH项目,这个项目是有关太空研究的,而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知,最佳选项是B项(Space: The Final Homework Frontier),Space对应太空研究,Homework对应高中教育,Frontier(前沿)突出了这个项目的领先性。A:NASA:The Home of Astronauts,文章并非重点介绍NASA;C:Nature: An Outdoor Classroom,Nature并不聚焦太空领域;D:HUNCH: A College Admission Reform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革。难句分析原句:

98、Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.分析:句子的主干是:Gordon says his students are emailing daily,says后是宾语从句,省略了引导词that。readying a workable solution to test in space作状语。译文:戈登说,他的学生每天都给NASA的工程师们发关于这个问题的电子邮件,为在太空中进行测试

99、准备一个可行的解决方案。重点词汇a bunch of 一群present v. 提出,提交review n. 检查,审查be absorbed in 专心于Passage 7(2019课标全国,C)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologie

100、s are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could o

101、ffer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user􀆳s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people􀆳s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the compu

102、ter it􀆳s connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn􀆳t require a new type of technology that people aren􀆳t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researc

103、hers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercial

104、ize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typing.C.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.

105、2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A.Computers are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A.It􀆳ll

106、 be environment-friendly.B.It􀆳ll reach consumers soon.C.It􀆳ll be made of plastics.D.It􀆳ll help speed up typing.4.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主题语境是科学与技术,主题语境内容为科技发展。文章介绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置智能键盘,来

107、保护私人的电子空间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。本文侧重培养学生的创新能力。1.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们为什么研发智能键盘?根据文章第一段可知,现在一些阻止别人进入私人电子空间的技术成本仍然很高。因此,来自Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的(low-cost)装置智能键盘,来应对这个问题。所以答案为D项:减少电子空间保护的成本。A:减轻对按键的压力;B:提升打字的精确度;C:取代密码系统。2.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使智能键盘这项发明成为可能?根据第二段第四句“These patterns are unique to each person.

108、”可知,因为每个人的打字模式各不相同,所以智能键盘能识别人的身份,保护人的隐私。所以答案为C项:打字模式因人而异。A:计算机很容易操作;B:指纹扫描技术发展很快;D:数据安全措施有保证。3.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:研究者们对智能键盘期待什么?根据文章最后一段最后两句话,研究者们说键盘应该直接商业化,智能键盘主要是由价格低廉的塑料类配件制成,团队希望它在不久的将来进入市场。所以答案为B项(它将很快到达消费者手里)。A:它将是环保的;C:它将用塑料制造。此项为干扰项,用塑料制造是事实,但不是将来发生的事;D:它将有助于加速打字。4.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:这篇文章最有可能来自哪里?文章介绍

109、了一种新的保护电子空间隐私的设备智能键盘,并且希望产品能很快走进市场。本文语言客观严谨,属于科普类文章,故答案为D项:杂志。A:日记;B:指导手册;C:小说。长难句Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 来自Georgia Tech的研究者说他们想出了一种低成本的解决这个问题的设备:智能键盘。该句主干为Researchers say that they have come up

110、with a low-cost device。from Georgia Tech为介词短语作后置定语,修饰Researchers;that gets around this problem是定语从句, 修饰先行词device。Passage 8(2018浙江,A)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a centurymost experts date the first novel to

111、Robinson Crusoe in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字)rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like“By a lady.”Novels, for the most

112、part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Ti

113、ny Timwere held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens􀆳 greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories, l

114、iterature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It􀆳s partly true that Dickens􀆳 style of writing attract

115、ed audiences from all walks of life. It􀆳s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it􀆳s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck ma

116、de Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one. 1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand

117、.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress.A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the au

118、thor􀆳s purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国小说的发展以及狄更斯在小说发展过程中的重要作用。1.C细节理解题。从第一段的整体叙述尤其是最后一句Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as si

119、lly, immoral or just plain bad.可知,在18世纪,小说被认为是几乎没有用的东西。A项:它们很难懂;B项:它们在富人中很受欢迎;D项:它们主要是由女人写的。这三个选项均与文章不符。2.D推理判断题。第二段主要介绍了狄更斯的重要地位,在本段的最后,作者把狄更斯和蒙娜丽莎相比就是为了突出他在文学上的重要性。故选D项。3.A推理判断题。本文主要讲述了狄更斯在小说发展史上的重要作用,尤其是文章最后一句But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possibleand important for ou

120、r own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知,作者呼吁人们要记住他,因此A项正确,意为“纪念一位伟大的作家”。B项:介绍一本英文小说;C项:鼓励文化研究;D项:宣传维多利亚时代的价值观。这三个选项都不符合文章的主旨。Passage 9(2018天津,D)Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness

121、 is as sharp as it could be, you􀆳ll have no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child􀆳s day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to

122、 us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and f

123、eel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. T

124、hey were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they􀆳d felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and

125、said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get ther

126、e before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what􀆳s around them. I asked them what they􀆳d seen. “Oh, a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk,

127、no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.1.According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more.A.anxious to do wondersB.sensitive to others􀆳 feelingsC.likely to develop unp

128、leasant habitsD.eager to explore the world around them2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.B.To stop complaining all the time.C.To follow the teacher􀆳s advice.D.To admit mistakes honestly.3.The bird watchers􀆳 behavior shows that they.A

129、.are very patient in their observationB.are really fascinated by natureC.care only about the names of birdsD.question the accuracy of the field guides4.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?A.The natural beauty isn􀆳t attractive to them.B.They focus on arriv

130、ing at the camp in time.C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should.A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the worldB.get rid of some bad habits in our daily lifeC.open our mind to new

131、 things and ideasD.try our best to protect nature答案语篇解读研究发现,与孩子相比,成人对周围事物的感知能力更差。如何才能唤醒这种感知能力呢?文章举例说明并对此给出了答案。1.D推理判断题。根据第二段中孩子和成年人的对比可知,大部分人在孩提时代更善于观察,每天都充满魅力、新奇与惊奇,好奇心使我们每个人都具有一种天生的感知能力。但是那些对小时候的我们来说很明显的差别变得模糊了,我们对新刺激、新观点变得麻木了。由此可推断,与成年人相比,在好奇心的驱使下,孩子更渴望去探索周围的世界。2.A推理判断题。本段开头指出,要唤醒关注周围环境的意识首先不要预测自

132、己会看到什么、会感受到什么,这会妨碍我们的感知能力。而且作者用实际的例子证明了这个观点,故推断出A项符合作者的观点,意为“要避免贸然下结论”。3.C细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,野鸟观察者只关心鸟的名字,不再关注鸟本身和鸟的行为。由此可见C项正确,意为“只关心鸟的名字”。4.B细节理解题。倒数第二段开头提到,“时间”和“目的地”的压力进一步阻止人们去关注周围的环境。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,远足者们一心想要到达目的地,故B项符合文章内容,意为“他们专注于及时赶到营地”。5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,下次你散步时,无论在什么地方,都应该欣赏各种景色,倾听各种声音,接受各种感

133、觉,带着这种心境漫步,你会为生活开辟新领域。由此可知A项符合文章内容,作者建议我们充实感官来感受世界的奇迹。Passage 10(2018江苏,D)Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.It found many youngsters (少年) now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often thro

134、ugh “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children􀆳s Commissioner (专员) Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngst

135、ers starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messagi

136、ng friendsand friends of friendsto demand “likes” for their online posts.The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their po

137、sts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as

138、 a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usa

139、ge of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of thei

140、r ability to develop themselves”.Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connectif you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don􀆳t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”“For children it

141、 is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.”The Children􀆳s Commissioner for England􀆳s studyLife in Likesfound that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.However, the researchinvolving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12suggested that

142、as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.By the time they started secondary schoolat age 11children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.However, they still did not know h

143、ow to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities (名人) or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the dayespecially at secondary school when more youngste

144、rs have mobile phones.The Children􀆳s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield (雷区) they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so t

145、hat children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.Javed Khan, of children􀆳s charity Barnardo􀆳s, said: “It􀆳s vital that new compulsory age-appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip

146、 children to deal with the growing demands of social media.”“It􀆳s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”1.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.B.They were not well prepared for

147、 emotional risks.C.They were required to give quick responses.D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.2.Some social app companies were to blame because .A.they didn􀆳t adequately check their users􀆳 registrationB.they organized photo trips to attract more youngstersC.they enco

148、uraged youngsters to post more photosD.they didn􀆳t stop youngsters from staying up late3.Children􀆳s comparing themselves to others online may lead to .A.less friendliness to each otherB.lower self-identity and confidenceC.an increase in online cheatingD.a stronger desire to stay on

149、line4.According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to .A.circulate their posts quicklyB.know the qualities of their postsC.use mobile phones for playD.get more public approval5.What should parents do to solve the problem?A.Communicate more with secondary schools.B.Urge medi

150、a companies to create safer apps.C.Keep track of children􀆳s use of social media.D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.6.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The influence of social media on children.B.The importance of social media to children.C.The problem in building a health

151、y relationship.D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.答案语篇解读研究发现,青少年变得依赖社交媒体来找到自我价值。他们中很多人都以网上的点赞量来衡量自己的地位,这在很多方面带来了不利影响。因此家长、学校和媒体应该肩负起更多的责任。1.B细节理解题。题干句意:为什么一些中学生们感到压力巨大?根据第三段第二句可知,社交媒体公司使孩子们在情感方面面临危险,因为这些开始上中学的年轻人并未做好准备去应对网络带来的巨大压力。由此可知B项与文章内容一致,意为“他们并没有为情感方面的危险做好充分准备”。2.A推理判断题。题干句意:一些社交

152、应用程序公司应该受到谴责,因为。根据第四段可知,尽管有些社交应用程序应该要求用户至少满13岁,但是这些应用程序还是受到孩子们的欢迎。由此可见,社交应用程序公司并没有充分检查用户的注册,故A项符合文章内容。3.B细节理解题。题干句意:孩子们与他人在网上进行比较可能导致。根据第九段可知,随着孩子交际圈的扩大,他们会与他人在网上进行比较,这会严重损害他们的自我认同、自信心以及发展自我的能力,由此可见B项符合文章内容。4.D推理判断题。题干句意:根据Life in Likes,随着孩子们的成长,他们变得更加渴望。根据第十一、十二和十三段可知,这项研究发现8岁的孩子利用社交媒体平台主要是为了玩儿,而到1

153、0岁左右时,他们上网就开始变得焦虑了,到了11岁时,他们更加关注自己的网络形象,他们要确保自己发布的内容受到别人欢迎。由此判断,随着孩子的成长,他们上网更加渴望得到他人的赞同。5.C细节理解题。题干句意:要解决这个问题,家长应该做什么?由倒数第一段可知C项“跟踪孩子们对社交媒体的使用”符合题意。故选C。6.A主旨要义题。通读全文可概括得知,文章主要介绍了一项研究发现:随着孩子们的成长,社交媒体给他们带来了不利影响,故A项符合文章主旨,意为“社交媒体对孩子们的影响”。Passage 11(2017课标全国,B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a resc

154、ue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the

155、ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeown

156、er was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger scr

157、eams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature s

158、mile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do s

159、o.1.What is unavoidable in the author􀆳s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.2.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woma

160、n.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.3.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.It􀆳s unexpected.B.It􀆳s beautiful.C.It􀆳s humorous.D.It􀆳s discouraging.答

161、案语篇解读本文为记叙文,讲述了一位志愿者成功救助一只落到地上的猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。作者为猫头鹰雏鸟编织了一个鸟巢放在树上,并请人播放猫头鹰雏鸟叫声的录音,最终成功引回猫头鹰雏鸟的父母来照顾它。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain”可知,拯救野生生物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,由此可知答案为A项。B:在工作中受伤;C:对未来不确定;D:生物会被迫离开栖息地。以上三项在文中均未被提及,故全部排除。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “She had found a you

162、ng owl on the ground.”和第三段中的“I examined the chick and it seemed fine.”可知,作者接到一位居住在Muttontown的妇女的电话,于是赶过去看看这只雏鸟的情况。选项C中的“look at(检查)”与文中的“examined”相对应,故答案为C项。3.A细节理解题。题干中的“calm down”是关键词。文中第四段指出,作者把雏鸟放进特意为它做的鸟巢后,它很快安静了下来,由此可知新的鸟巢使雏鸟平静了下来,故答案为A项。其他选项的信息是故事发展到后期出现的,故排除。4.B推理判断题。短文的最后三句描写作者看到巢中的小猫头鹰十分健康

163、、活跃,最令人喜悦的是它的父母给它觅来了午餐。由此可以推断小猫头鹰今后也将得到其父母的悉心照料。作者对事件结局的感受通过“the greatest sight”表现出来,与文章第一段中的“beautiful”相呼应。因此答案应为B项。Passage 12(2017课标全国,D)When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bi

164、tten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that

165、 all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening?Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract diffe

166、rent insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighb

167、ors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other?Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the

168、neighbors just happened to“overhear”the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going

169、on.1.What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It makes noises.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.2.What does the author mean by“the tables are turned”in paragraph 3?A.The attackers get attacked.B.The insects gather under the table.C.The plants

170、 get ready to fight back.D.The perfumes attract natural enemies.3.Scientists find from their studies that plants can.A.predict natural disastersB.protect themselves against insectsC.talk to one another intentionallyD.help their neighbors when necessary4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Th

171、e world is changing faster than ever.B.People have stronger senses than before.C.The world is more complex than it seems.D.People in Darwins time were more imaginative.答案语篇解读本文为介绍科普知识的说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家所揭示的植物抵御昆虫袭击和传递信息的奥秘。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知,当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出被称为VOCs的化学物质,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会做出这种反应

172、,故D项正确。植物被攻击时释放出的是化学物质而不是噪音,故排除A;释放出的化学物质是对其他植物的警示,而不是从其他植物那里得到帮助,故排除B;根据第一段首句可排除C项。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,某些植物受到攻击时,会释放出某种香味,将攻击者的天敌吸引过来,由此可知当它们到来时,情况发生了反转,原先享用午餐(侵害树木)的攻击者将会成为其天敌的午餐,即成为被攻击者,故A项正确。3.B推理判断题。根据文章前三段所描述的树木在遭到昆虫袭击后的反应,加之第四段所介绍的树木的损伤情况和周边树木接到警报后的反应,可以概括出植物能够保护自身不受昆虫侵害这一点。故正确答案为B。4.C推理判断题。最后一段

173、提到,150多年前,达尔文就曾想到生物世界比我们所看到、听到的更加繁忙,更加吵闹,也更加亲密,我们的感官不够强大,很多东西未被感知到。由此可推断出,这个世界比其表面看上去更加复杂,故C项正确。Passage 13(2017课标全国,B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times

174、in the theaters 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie show

175、n in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theat

176、er is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theaters location(位置)was also a reason.“This used to be the center of town,”he said.“Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”Last week som

177、e city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on th

178、e land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.1.In what way was yesterdays cleanup at the Plaza special?A.It made room for new equipment.B.It

179、 signaled the closedown of the theater.C.It was done with the help of the audience.D.It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.2.Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A.It was an all-time classic.B.It was about the history of the town.C.The audience requested it.D.The theater owner found it suita

180、ble.3.What will probably happen to the building?A.It will be repaired.B.It will be turned into a museum.C.It will be knocked down.D.It will be sold to the city government.4.What can we infer about the audience?A.They are disappointed with Bradford.B.They are sad to part with the old theater.C.They a

181、re supportive of the city officials.D.They are eager to have a shopping center.答案语篇解读一家经营了75年的影院宣布关张,最后放映的最后一场电影让观众热泪盈眶。文中介绍了影院关张的原因以及影院场地的改造计划。1.B推理判断题。第一段结尾处说,一组工人运垃圾,另外一组工人开始拆卸座椅和其他设备,为影院的结束做准备。这预示着这个已有75年历史的影院永远关张,故B项正确。2.D细节理解题。根据第二段的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it

182、 seemed appropriate.”可知D项正确。3.C推理判断题。短文第四段后半部分说影院老板已经把影院连同土地出售给了当地的一家开发公司,而开发公司计划在影院所在地建设一个综合购物大楼。考生依据这些信息可以推断出影院建筑肯定要被拆除,故正确选项为C。B项有一些干扰作用。4.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段所描述的拥有250个座位的影院几乎座无虚席,观众眼含泪水观看一部三十年前的老电影和影院做最后的告别的场景,可以推断出B项正确。Passage 14(2017江苏,C)A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growin

183、g industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and

184、Microsoft. All look unstoppable.Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these servic

185、es are free(users pay,in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Goog

186、le initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services:translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a“Gods

187、eye view”of activities in their own markets and beyond.This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a new appr

188、oach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the e

189、xtent of firms data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.The second

190、principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data,

191、 with users consent.Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments dont want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.1.Why is there a call to break up giants? A.They have controlled the data market.B.They collect enormous private data.C.They n

192、o longer provide free services.D.They dismissed some new-born giants.2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?A.Data giants technology is very expensive.B.Googles idea is popular among data firms.C.Data can strengthen giants controlling position.D.Data can be turned into new

193、services or products.3.By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could .A.kill a new threatB.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firmsD.charge higher prices4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants control of data?A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure.B.Governm

194、ents could relieve their financial pressure.C.Consumers could better protect their privacy.D.Small companies could get more opportunities.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,属于社科类文章。文章说明了人们在受益于大数据的同时,还成就了一些通过数据发财的商业巨头。为了防止这些巨头控制某一领域和市场,政府需要采取行动。1.A推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation”可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场,故答案为A项。2

195、.C事实细节题。根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。3.B事实细节题。根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。4.D推理判断题。根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。Passage 15(2016课标全国,D)A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly first-rate photo-journalismif they had been made

196、last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难),by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small,

197、 tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇)across the continent. The journey w

198、as intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was

199、 even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scotts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 19

200、08, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.1.What do we know about the photos taken by

201、Hurley?A.They were made last week.B.They showed undersea sceneries.C.They were found by a cameraman.D.They recorded a disastrous adventure.2.Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A.Frank Hurley.B.Ernest Shackleton.C.Robert Falcon Scott.D.Caroline Alexander.3.What does Alexander thin

202、k was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A.Artistic creation.B.Scientific research.C.Money making.D.Treasure hunting.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Frank Hurley的照片讲述了那次航行的背景。1.D推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可知,Frank Hurley的照片拍摄于1914年到1916年,大多数是在经历海难后,在没有生存的希望的情况下拍摄的,由此可判断它们记录了一次海难。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的The journey was intended to ac

203、hieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.以及下句可知,1912年Robert Falcon Scott到达了南极,而Endurance航行的目的是超越他,但是遭遇了海难,由此可判断Robert Falcon Scott到达南极的时间更早。3.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句中的a thoroughly commercial effort可知,Alexander认为那时的冒险完全是一种商业行为,也就是为了赚钱,因此可判断选C项。Passage 16(2016课标全国,C)If you are a fruit growe

204、ror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance

205、 to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Alth

206、ough it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的)Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll nee

207、d a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fu

208、n and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园). If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the app

209、le events?A.Attend experts lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dre

210、am”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.答案语篇解读本文是说明文,介绍了苹果节的有关情况。在苹果节期间,你可以

211、品尝到各种苹果。文中还提及了一些特殊的品种和苹果节的一些特色活动。1.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.可知可以品尝到很多品种的苹果。故选D。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Rom

212、ans可知选C。3.B猜测词义题。根据youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it可知种此种苹果不易,故选B。4.B推理判断题。通读全文,可以知道作者的目的是介绍苹果节。Passage 17(2016课标全国,D)Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the mo

213、rning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控)in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“Theif it bleedsrule works

214、 for mass media,”says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing wor

215、d-of-mouth communicatione-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than b

216、ad things?To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the“most e-mailed”list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science sect

217、ion were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety,

218、but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发)one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book,“Contagious:Why Things Catch On.”1.What do the classic rules m

219、entioned in the text apply to?A.News reports.B.Research papers.C.Private e-mails.D.Daily conversations.2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A.Theyre socially inactive.B.Theyre good at telling stories.C.Theyre inconsiderate of others.D.Theyre careful with their words.3.Which tended to

220、be the most e-mailed according to Dr. Bergers research?A.Sports news.B.Science articles.C.Personal accounts.D.Financial reviews.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Sad Stories Travel Far and WideB.Online News Attracts More PeopleC.Reading Habits Change with the TimesD.Good News Beats Bad o

221、n Social Networks答案语篇解读新闻媒体为了吸引人们的眼球,常常报道不好的消息或悲惨的事情,但是随着网络的发展情况有了变化。研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,人们更倾向于传播正能量的文章等。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. 可知传统规则适用于新闻报道,故答案是A。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知大众媒体只关心是否吸引你的眼球,而不关心你的感受,但是当你和

222、你的朋友分享故事的时候,你会非常关心你朋友的反应,不希望对方认为你是一个冷漠的、不体贴的人。C选项符合文意。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话可知科学类的文章比非科学类的文章被写入邮件的可能性大得多,故B选项正确。4.D主旨要义题。根据文章的第一段可知,坏消息传播得更快。如果新闻里有流血事件,那么这条新闻会成为头版头条,引起人们的注意。但是现在情况发生了变化,研究者通过追踪人们的邮件和网络跟帖,发现好的消息传播得更快。在现在的社交网络中,好消息打败了坏消息,故D选项正确。Passage 18(2016北京,B)Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie

223、Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,”she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked

224、 the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away.

225、All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Ne

226、ighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal wi

227、th it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the comin

228、g months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and

229、 honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronge

230、r than before.”1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found.A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering2.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rock

231、away rebuild.B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to other kids.B.She took care of younger children.C.She called on the White House to he

232、lp.D.She built an information sharing platform.4.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big difference.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.East or west, home is best.D.Technology is power.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。飓风桑迪袭击了Natalie的家乡Rockaway,损失很大,一些人的援助行为鼓舞了Natalie,她创办了一个网站来帮助家乡的人们。1.

233、B细节理解题。根据第三段开头“.they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知B项正确。2.A细节理解题。根据第四段开头第一句可知帮助Rockaway进行重建的人们鼓舞了她,包括带来捐赠品的志愿者、帮助他人的邻居以及帮助老人的青少年们,故A项正确。3.D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知Natalie创办了一个网站,发布需要帮助的幸存者的信息,从而可以让捐赠者们找到捐赠的对象,由此可知她建立了一个信息分享平台,故D项正确。4.A推理判断题。从整篇文章可以得知,Natalie虽然年纪不大,但是她在飓风后家乡的重建过程中,创办了一个信息分享平台,为他人提供了巨大的

234、帮助,故A项正确。Passage 19(2016天津,A)A Language Programme for TeenagersWelcome to Teenagers Abroad!We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.Our CoursesRegardless of your choice of course, youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.Our Standard Course guarante

235、es a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areasspeaking, listening, reading and writing.Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning(see tabl

236、e below).Course TypeDaysNumber of LessonsCourse TimetableStandard CourseMonFri20 lessons9:0012:30Intensive CourseMonFri20 lessons9:0012:3010 lessons13:0014:30EvaluationStudents are placed into classes according to their current language skills.The majority of them take an online language test before

237、 starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.Arrivals and TransferOur programme offers the f

238、ull packagestudents are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the students full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary RequirementsS

239、tudents are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information a

240、bout any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.1.How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course?A.It is less effective.B.It focuses on speaking.C.It includes extra lessons.D.It gives you confi

241、dence.2.When can a student attend Standard Course?A.13:0014:30 Monday.B.9:0012:30 Tuesday.C.13:0014:30 Friday.D.9:0012:30 Saturday.3.Before starting their programme, students are expected to.A.take a language testB.have an online interviewC.prepare learning materialsD.report their language levels4.W

242、ith the full package, the programme organiser is supposed to.A.inform students of their full flight detailsB.look after students throughout the programmeC.offer students free sightseeing tripsD.collect students luggage in advance5.Which of the following may require an extra payment? A.Cooked dinner.

243、B.Mealtime dessert.C.Packed lunch.D.Special diet.答案语篇解读本文为应用文,题材为广告类。文章介绍了一家名为“Teenagers Abroad”的语言培训机构为青少年开办的短期培训课程的相关情况。1.C细节理解题。由Our Courses部分中的“Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week”可知,Intensive Course是在Standard Course的基础上,每周额外增加10节课。故答案为C。2.B细节理

244、解题。由表格中的Standard Course一行的信息可知,B项正确。3.A细节理解题。由Evaluation部分中的“The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.”可知,大多数参训的学生在开始培训前要进行一次在线语言测试,故选A。4.B推理判断题。由Arrivals and Transfer部分的首句可推知,课程的组织者应该自始至终照看好学员,故选B。5.D推理判断题。由最后一句“.an extra charge may be made for providing spe

245、cial food.”可推知,对于所提供的特殊饮食,需要加收额外的费用。故选D。Passage 20(2016江苏,C)El Nio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nio sees warm

246、 water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose.

247、A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by$15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extreme

248、ly dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000

249、 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe. But such Nios come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades

250、 has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers(下水道)make it less like

251、ly that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer

252、the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from dis

253、asters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?A.It is named after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the chan

254、ges of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.T

255、he data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that.A.more investment should go to risk reductionB.governments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Nio deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduc

256、e El Nio and its origin.B.To explain the consequences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象名称的由来、发生的时间、造成的影响,督促人们加强风险前资金的投入,改进基础设施,为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段的El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in t

257、he western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了大海中水流方向的变化。故选D。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose.可知总的来说富裕国家收获的比失去的多,故C项正确。3.A推理判断题。根据文章第四段第三句According to the Ove

258、rseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance.可知在过去二十年里仅有12%的灾难救济资金用于提前降低风险,因此第四段旨在说明应该投入更多的资金来降低风险。4.D主旨要义题。综合全文内容并结合文章最后一段可知本文旨在督促人们为厄尔尼诺现象做好准备。Passage 21(2016江苏,D)Not so long ago, most people didnt kno

259、w who Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future. However, one person wanted to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly-Ann at a

260、track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. Her times were not exactly impressive, but even so, he sensed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly

261、-Ann a place in his very strict training sessions. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few years later at Jamaicas Olympic trials in early 2008, Shelly-Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaicas unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).“Where did she come from?

262、” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly-Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts ab

263、out her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73the fourth fastest time ever.Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big sm

264、ile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaicas toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping fou

265、r in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Anns friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. So

266、metimes her family didnt have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldnt afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first b

267、aby.Maximes early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouses roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice every

268、thing.It didnt take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by

269、criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.But Shelly-Anns victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the worlds tou

270、ghest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “I have so much fire burning for my country,”Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She inte

271、nds to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world. As Muhammad Ali puts it, “Champions arent made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.”One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.1. Why did Step

272、hen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?A.He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.B.He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.C.She had big problems maintaining her performance.D.She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.2.What did the sprinting world th

273、ink of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?A.She would become a promising star.B.She badly needed to set higher goals.C.Her sprinting career would not last long.D.Her talent for sprinting was known to all.3.What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track?A.Her success and lessons in

274、her career.B.Her interest in Shelly-Anns quick profit.C.Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.D.Her early entrance into the sprinting world.4.What can we infer from Shelly-Anns statement underlined in Paragraph 5?A.She was highly rewarded for her efforts.B.She was eager to do more for her countr

275、y.C.She became an athletic star in her country.D.She was the envy of the whole community.5.By mentioning Muhammad Alis words, the author intends to tell us that .A.players should be highly inspired by coachesB.great athletes need to concentrate on patienceC.hard work is necessary in ones achievement

276、sD.motivation allows great athletes to be on the top6.What is the best title for the passage?A.The Making of a Great AthleteB.The Dream for ChampionshipC.The Key to High PerformanceD.The Power of Full Responsibility答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。题材为人物故事类。本文讲述了在北京奥运会上获得女子100米短跑金牌的牙买加运动员Shelly-Ann的奋斗故事,也给那些想取得成功的人一个启

277、示:要有渴望、有梦想、有愿景。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的描述可知,从她身上教练看到了一个伟大成功的开始,看到了她身上有东西可以被开发出来,尽管这些东西被其他教练忽视了。由此推断出这位教练决定训练Shelly-Ann是因为他看到了Ann身上的那股巨大潜力。故答案为B项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的描述:她就是那种偶尔出名一次的人(one-hit),会在毫无征兆的情况下又销声匿迹了(disappear again without signs)可知答案为C项。3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的描述:她下决心不会让她的孩子在Waterhouse一直过这种贫穷的生活可知答案为C项。4.B推理判断

278、题。本段描述:Shelly-Ann在北京奥运会获得金牌后她那个充满凶杀和暴力的家乡也一下子安静了好几天。她说:我有很多能量为我的祖国去燃烧,由此推断出她说这句话的目的就是想为自己的国家做更多的贡献,所以答案为B项。5.D推理判断题。拳王阿里说:冠军不是产生于体育馆,是产生于自己内心的某种东西。要有渴望、有梦想、有愿景。由此推断出阿里认为做一件事的动机会让运动员达到巅峰。故答案为D项。6.A主旨要义题。本文主要讲的是一位教练如何发现了Shelly-Ann并把她培养成世界冠军的历程。所以答案为A项:一个伟大运动员的形成。Passage 22(2016天津,B)Every man wants his

279、 son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different

280、directions.My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports werent written until the final threat.Ive been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English. But J

281、ody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech”student(技校学生). Theyre called“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, hes a good kid,” I wanted to say.“And smart, really.”I learned later that motorheads are,

282、 indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they dont often make school honor rolls(光荣榜).But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices dont have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to l

283、earn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $ 800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts(零件) from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cos

284、t was $ 25 instead of $800.Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own r

285、elaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most importantly, I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.My son

286、 may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.1.What used to be the authors hope for his son?A.To avoid becoming his clone.B.To resemble him in appearance.C.To develop in a different direction.D.To reach the authors unachieved goals.2.What can we learn about the authors children?A.His daug

287、hter does better in school.B.His daughter has got a masters degree.C.His son tried hard to finish homework.D.His son couldnt write his book reports.3.The author let his son repair the car because he believed that.A.his son had the ability to fix itB.it would save him much timeC.it wouldnt cause him

288、any more lossD.other motorheads would come to help4.In the authors eyes, motorheads are.A.tidy and hard-workingB.cheerful and smartC.lazy but brightD.relaxed but rude5.What did the author realize in the end?A.It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.B.It is important for one to make the

289、 honor roll.C.Architects play a more important role than builders.D.Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.答案语篇解读本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为教育类。每一个人都希望自己的儿子和自己一样,不是在容貌上,而是在人生的足迹上。作者通过自己儿子的成长经历意识到,做父亲的全然不需要让儿子变成另一个自己。1.D 推理判断题。由首段“As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. Y

290、ou begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for.”可推断出作者原来一直希望儿子能跟随自己的脚步来实现自己未实现的目标,故答案为D项。2.A推理判断题。由第二段“Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports werent written until the final threat.”可排除C项(他儿子努力完成作业);文中并未提及他的儿子不会写读书报告,故排除D项;根据第三段

291、“.working toward her masters degree”,可排除B项(已经获得硕士学位);根据第二段对儿子的介绍(他儿子不爱学习,功课不好),对照第三段“My daughter is a university graduate.”可推知她的女儿上学功课很好,故答案为A项。3.C细节理解题。由第六段尾句“I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.”(我对此感到怀疑,但还是让他去做了,因为我没有任何损失。)可知选C项(那不会给他造成更多损失)。4.B观点态度题。由倒数第三段“They joke and

292、 laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite.”可知答案为B项(cheerful and smart)。5.A推理判断题。由倒数第二段尾句“Most importantly, I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.”(最重要的是,我意识到为人之父不必将自己的事业或者其他东西得以继承。)及文章最后一句可知选A项。高级词块honor rolls光荣榜长难句You b

293、egin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for.你开始意识到你的儿子跟随你的脚步很可能会完成你希望做的事情。that引导宾语从句,作动词realize的宾语;what引导宾语从句,作动词accomplish的宾语;in your footsteps为插入语。Passage 23(2016北京,D)Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important

294、 growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance a

295、nd support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of prom

296、oting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of expl

297、oration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flex

298、ibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior a

299、nd thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If

300、 acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our gene

301、ration once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intell

302、ectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.Whats the authors attitude toward continued pare

303、ntal guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate

304、students social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:IntroductionP:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion答案语篇解读本文是议论文,题材为学校教育类。大学时期应该是学生成长的一个重要时

305、期,学生应在这段时期学会独立和发现。但是现在的大学时期却成了青春期的延续,大学没有教给学生独立,也没有让学生学会发现。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段可知,作者不赞同大学生继续接受父母的指导。sympathetic同情的;disapproving不赞成的,不同意的;supportive支持的;neutral中立的。2.A猜测词义题。根据语境可知此处表达的是“大学时期是一个从家庭庇护到独立和承担成人责任的转化时期”,所以答案为A项。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知答案为D项。4.C推理判断题。文章第一段引入主题,第二段描述了大学时期是怎样变成青春期的延续的,第三段提出如何解决这一问题,第四段和

306、第五段提出了解决这个问题的原因,最后进行总结。故选C项。高级词块a sense of belonging归属感长难句Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.大学里有关团

307、体价值观、社会风气和行为的每一项讨论都应该包含对学生自主和自我管理发展重要性的认识,包含对安全和自我发现之间必要矛盾的认识。本句为简单句,其主干为Every college discussion should include recognition,三个of短语作定语。Passage 24(2016课标全国,A)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think wa

308、s the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people

309、in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of c

310、hemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first wom

311、an to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. B

312、ut it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks. 1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her co

313、mmunity background.2.What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

314、A.Jane Addams.B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了100年以来历史上在各个领域做出杰出贡献的四位伟大女性。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句和第二句可知,Jane

315、Addams帮助穷人,为和平而努力,做出了很大的贡献,因此判断选A项。B项“她的教学技能”。C项“她得奖的努力”。D项“她的社区背景”。这三项文中均未提及。2.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句可知:Sandra Day OConnor 1952年在斯坦福法学院毕业之后,因为是一位女士而不能在律师事务所找到工作,由此可判断当时社会对妇女的歧视,故选C项。A项,根据文中信息“她从法学院毕业”可知她不缺乏法律的培训。B项,她法庭经验的缺乏不是找不到工作的理由,原因是她是妇女。D项,贫穷的经济状况,文中未提及。discrimination n.歧视。3.D细节理解题。根据文章第五段第四句中的kick

316、ed off the civil-rights movement可判断Rosa Parks为民权运动做出了贡献,故选D项。其他三项均和民权运动无关。4.C推理判断题。根据全文中四名女士在不同领域做出的贡献可知,她们是自己领域中的先锋人物,故选C项。A项,文中只提及一人受到了高等教育。B项,显然几人均和创造性无关。D项,只有一人的贡献与和平有关。高级词块1.noted/ntd/adj.(以)见称,闻名,著名2.firm/fm/n.商行;商号;公司长难句If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exis

317、t today. 如果不是Rachel Carson,今天的环保运动可能不会存在。本句为主从复合句,该句使用了虚拟语气。if it werent for.相当于without.。 Passage 25(2016江苏,A)Day School ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the r

318、oll at their day school.The on-line classroom provides an innovative, relevant and interactive learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of Education.These on-line courses:are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers;are part of the TDSB students timetable;

319、and,appear on the students report upon completion.Benefits of e-LearningInclude:access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school;using technology to provide students with current information;and, assistance to solve timetable conflicts.Is e-Learning for You?Students who are succ

320、essful in an on-line course are usually:able to plan,organize time and complete assignments and activities;capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner;and, able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.Students need to spend at least as much time with

321、 their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.1.E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that.A.they are given by best TDSB teachersB.they are not on the day school timetableC.they are not included on students reportsD.they are an addition to TDSB cou

322、rses2.What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?A.To learn information technology on-line.B.To do their assignments independently.C.To update their mobile devices regularly.D.To talk face to face with their teachers.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了e-Learning courses 即网上学习课程的情况。1.D推理判断题。根据

323、文章第三段的are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers可知,这些网上学习课程只是由TDSB的老师教授,而没有说是最好的TDSB老师教, A项错误;根据第一段的on their day school timetable可知,网上学习课程是在学生的课程表上的, B项错误;根据文章第三段的appear on the students report upon completion可知,网上学习课程是会体现在学生的报告书里的, C项错误;根据文章前两部分内容,尤其是Benefits of e-Learning部分的access to courses that

324、 may not be available at his or her TDSB school可知,这些网上学习课程是TDSB课程的补充,故选D项。2.B细节理解题。根据Is e-Learning for You?部分的capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner可知,学生要成功地学完网上课程,必须以负责和诚实的态度独立完成作业,也就是说,学生在完成网上学习课程之前需独立完成自己的任务。文章没有提到A、C、D三项。高级词块1.e-Learning courses线上学习课程2.innovative/nve

325、tv/adj.创新的Passage 26(2015课标全国,B)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C),thinking of beaches and oran

326、ge trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air,I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best partparticularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetablesw

327、as a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m.to 1 p.m.,rain or shine,along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries;the red-painte

328、d sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck;and most of all,the tomatoes:amazing,large,soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly d

329、ry,hard,and tasteless.But I homed in,with uncertainty,on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand,full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real dealand at that moment,I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back hom

330、e in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight,my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty,a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton,whereluckily for meI was planning to have din

331、ner that very night.Without even seeing the menu,I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.1.What did the author think of her winter life in New York? A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.2.What made the authors getting up early worthwhile?A.Having a swim.B.Breathing in fresh air.C.Walking in th

332、e morning sun.D.Visiting a local farmers market.3.What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A.They are soft.B.They look nice.C.They taste great.D.They are juicy.4.What was the author going to do that evening?A.Go to a farm.B.Check into a hotel.C.Eat in a restaurant.D.Buy fresh vege

333、tables.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材是个人经历。纽约寒冷的冬天很是无趣,所以当有机会去佛罗里达州的Sarasota过周末时,我马上就收拾好行李出发了。在那里的经历真是让人回味无穷,在那里还见到了与纽约不一样的西红柿。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段第一句The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter.可以看出作者认为寒冷的东北地区是一个无趣的地方,故B项正确。2.D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句.was a 7 a.m.adventure to the Sarasota far

334、mers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知,作者认为Sarasota农场之行使得早起非常值得。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句No matter how attractive they look in the store.可以看出纽约冬天出售的西红柿看起来很吸引人,故B项正确。4.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的.a newly opened restaurant.whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.可

335、知作者打算在那天晚上去饭店美餐一顿。Passage 27(2015课标全国,D)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening,as on every Thursday night,psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes,coffee drinking and the“talking cure”.Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feel

336、ings.It isnt always easy.The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just under $2(plus drinks)per sessionare quick to intellectualize(高谈阔论),slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to sayone feels,orpeople think,”Lehanne told them.“Say I think,Think me.”A cafe society where no intellectualizin

337、g is allowed?It couldnt seem more un-French.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself:Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger

338、generations desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology,history,and engineering are catching on,filling tables well into the evening.The citys“psychology cafes”,which offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.

339、Middle-aged homemakers,retirees,and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love,anger,and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel.“Theres a strong need in Paris for communication,”says Maurice Frisch,a cafe La Chope regular who works as

340、 a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says shed like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives,these cafes wouldnt exist,”she says.“If life werent a battle,people wouldnt need a special place just to speak

341、.”But then,it wouldnt be France.1.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A.Learn a new subject.B.Keep in touch with friends.C.Show off their knowledge.D.Express their true feelings.2.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A.They are less frequently visited.B.They stay open

342、 for longer hours.C.They have bigger night crowds.D.They start to serve fast food.3.What are theme cafes expected to do?A.Create more jobs.B.Supply better drinks.C.Save the cafe business.D.Serve the neighborhood.4.Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A.They bring people true friendship

343、.B.They give people spiritual support.C.They help people realize their dreams.D.They offer a platform for business links.答案语篇解读心理学家Lehanne开设了一家主题咖啡店,在这里顾客可以敞开心扉,自由表达自己的真实情感。她希望把自己的咖啡店推广到整个法国,因为法国人需要这样的“心理咖啡店”。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.以及本段最后一句Le

344、hanne所说的话中“SayI think,Think me.”可以看出Lehanne鼓励来咖啡店的顾客表达自己的真实情感。故D项符合文章内容。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的Over the years,Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours,a fast-food boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.可知,这些年以来,巴黎的咖啡店都成为法国人的生活方式发生改变的

345、受害者,如法国人工作时间变长,非常喜欢快餐,年轻一代更渴望待在家里面(而不愿去咖啡店)。故A项符合文章内容。3.C推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可知,许多新的主题咖啡店的出现是为了改变法国咖啡店的现状,故C项正确。4.B推理判断题。最后一段指出中年家庭主妇、退休人员、失业人员会到这样的“心理咖啡店”向心理学家畅谈自己的爱情、愤怒和梦想,“心理咖啡店”会给他们巨大的安慰,因而是最受欢迎的地方之一。故B项符合文章意思。Passage 28(2015课标全国,C)More studen

346、ts than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年)before going to university.It used to be called the“year off”between school and university.The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源)with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.T

347、his year,25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year,according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service(UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking

348、a gap year.Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education.“Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and complete,their chosen course.Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,”he said.But n

349、ot everyone is happy.Owain James,the president of the National Union of Students(NUS),argued that the increase is evidence of student hardshipyoung people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.“New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to 1

350、5,000 in debt.It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree.NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,”he said.1.What do we lea

351、rn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length.B.It is a time for relaxation.C.It is increasingly popular.D.It is required by universities.2.According to Tony Higgins,students taking a gap year.A.are better prepared for college studiesB.know a lot more about their future jobsC.are m

352、ore likely to leave university in debtD.have a better chance to enter top universities3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A.Hes puzzled.B.Hes worried.C.Hes surprised.D.Hes annoyed.4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A.Attend additional co

353、urses.B.Make plans for the new term.C.Earn money for their education.D.Prepare for their graduate studies.答案语篇解读本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔年期间赚取上大学的费用的现象。1.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知,越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是选择经历一个间隔年。故选C。2.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知,Tony Higgins认为学生经历间隔年可以为未来的大学教育做充分的准备,使他们变得更成熟和更有责任感。

354、故选A。3.B推理判断题。在第四段中出现了evidence of student hardship,being forced into earning money,are forced to work等体现Owain James观点倾向的词语。由此可判断他对间隔年这一现象表示担忧。4.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知绝大部分学生在假期通过打工挣学费。故选C。Passage 29(2015天津,D)Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk,I went to a friend.He looked at me for a

355、moment,and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had:Be bold and braveand mighty(强大的)forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past,it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure

356、 stop me from trying at all.On the other hand,whenever I had plunged into deep water,forced by courage or circumstance,I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat.And there is nothing mysterious about

357、 the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess:energy,skill,sound judgment,creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly,those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine,Tim,was an excellent f

358、ootball player,even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player,who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)a

359、nd stopped him cold.”Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely,there will be setbacks(挫折)and disappointments in life;boldness in itself is no guarantee of succe

360、ss.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So,always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his go

361、al in the past?A.He faced huge risks.B.He lacked mighty forces.C.Fear prevented him from trying.D.Failure blocked his way to success.2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A.Swallow more than you can digest.B.Act slightly above your abilities.C.Develop more mysterious powers.D.Learn to

362、 make creative decisions.3.What was especially important for Tims successful defense in the football game?A.His physical strength.B.His basic skill.C.His real fear.D.His spiritual force.4.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A.Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B.Trying without success is meani

363、ngless.C.Repeated failure creates a better life.D.Boldness can be gained little by little.5.What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A.To encourage people to be courageous.B.To advise people to build up physical power.C.To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D.To recommend people to

364、 develop more abilities.答案语篇解读本文为夹叙夹议文,题材为人生哲理。作者通过朋友的建议告诉读者,要勇敢地去尝试自己没有把握的事情,即便是失败也比从未尝试过要好很多。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.可知,作者过去没有实现目标通常都是因为害怕失败而没有去尝试,故选C项。2.B猜测词义题。根据本段下文内容可知,我们都有比自己意识到的更大的潜在力量,甚至包括体力,由此可推断出此处指“要做略微超出你的能力的事情”。3.D推理判

365、断题。根据倒数第三段首句可知那些强大的力量是精神力量。Tim成功防守就是源自精神力量,他的身体条件不及普通运动员。4.D推理判断题。根据第五段第一句话“Boldness.is not one that can be acquired overnight.”可知,勇敢无畏不能在一夜之间就被培养出来,D项意为“勇敢无畏可以逐渐得到”,符合该段段意。5.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,作者建议读者去尝试略微超出自己的能力的事情,这样就会发现自己的能力比想象中的还大。由此可判断出A项正确。Passage 30(2015天津,C)One day when I was 12,my mother gav

366、e me an order:I was to walk to the public library,and borrow at least one book for the summer.This was one more weapon for her to defeat my strange probleminability to read.In the library,I found my way into the“Childrens Room”.I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random.T

367、he cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle,the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child.He was my secret sharer,but one morning,he was gone,given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him.I never forgot my beagle

368、.There on the books cover was a beagle which looked identical(相同的)to my dog.I ran my fingers over the picture of the dog on the cover.My eyes ran across the title,Amos,the Beagle with a Plan.Unknowingly,I had read the title.Without opening the book,I borrowed it from the library for the summer.Under

369、 the shade of a bush,I started to read about Amos.I read very,very slowly with difficulty.Though pages were turned slowly,I got the main idea of the story about a dog who,like mine,had been separated from his family and who finally found his way back home.That dog was my dog,and I was the little boy

370、 in the book.At the end of the story,my mind continued the final scene of reunion,on and on,until my own lost dog and I were,in my mind,running together.My mothers call returned me to the real world.I suddenly realized something:I had read a book,and I had loved reading that book.Everyone knew I cou

371、ld not read.But I had read it.Books could be incredibly wonderful and I was going to read them.I never told my mother about my“miraculous(奇迹般的)”experience that summer,but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later,she was proud that her

372、 son had read thousands of books,was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.The power of the words has held.1.The authors mother told him to borrow a book in order to.A.encourage him to do more walkingB.let him spend a meaningful summerC.help cure him of h

373、is reading problemD.make him learn more about weapons2.The book caught the authors eye because.A.it contained pretty pictures of animalsB.it reminded him of his own dogC.he found its title easy to understandD.he liked childrens stories very much3.Why could the author manage to read the book through?

374、A.He was forced by his mother to read it.B.He identified with the story in the book.C.The book told the story of his pet dog.D.The happy ending of the story attracted him.4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The author has become a successful writer.B.The authors mother read the same boo

375、k.C.The authors mother rewarded him with books.D.The author has had happy summers ever since.5.Which one could be the best title of the passage?A.The Charm of a BookB.Mums Strict OrderC.Reunion with My BeagleD.My Passion for Reading答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。12岁时,作者的妈妈为了解决作者不能阅读的问题,要求作者那年夏天去图书馆至少借一本书。但就是

376、这次图书馆之行改变了作者,之后作者读书越来越多,成绩越来越好,多年后取得了让妈妈感到骄傲的成就。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,作者的妈妈让作者去图书馆至少借一本书,这是她解决作者阅读问题的武器,故C项正确。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段可知,图书封面上的小猎兔狗吸引了作者,这让他想起了自己曾经养过的一只小猎兔狗,他们亲密无间,作者把自己的秘密与它分享,但后来这只小猎兔狗被送给了他人,作者一直挂念着它。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段可知,作者读了这本书,因为他认为书中讲到的故事和自己的经历相似,他认为书中的小猎兔狗就是他自己养过的那只小猎兔狗,想象着和它重逢的场面。由此可判断出作者能把这

377、本书看完,就是因为他和书中的故事产生了共鸣。4.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中“.was awarded a PhD in literature,and authored his own books,articles,poetry and fiction.”可知,作者被授予文学博士学位,写了很多自己的书、文章、诗歌以及小说,故A项“他成了一名成功的作家”正确。5.A主旨要义题。通过作者的经历可以得知,一本封面上有小猎兔狗的书改变了他的一生,故A项“一本书的魅力”符合文章大意。Passage 31(2015重庆,E)The values of artistic works,according to

378、 cultural relativism(相对主义),are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view,however,fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every

379、 major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls,as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art,even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeles

380、s appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay,the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature”,the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired a

381、fter two thousand years.Works of this type,he believed,spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example,evolutionary psychology is being used by literary

382、 scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

383、1.According to the passage,what do we know about cultural relativism?A.It introduces different cultural values.B.It explains the history of artistic works.C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.2.In Paragraph 2,the artists are mentioned in o

384、rder to show that.A.great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB.history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures3.According to Hume,some works of art can exist for cent

385、uries because.A.they are results of scientific studyB.they establish some general principles of artC.they are created by the worlds greatest artistsD.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A.Are Artistic Values Universal?

386、B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?C.Is Human Nature Uniform?D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为历史文化类。艺术作品的价值是什么?根据文化相对主义的观点,这些作品就是当地社会和经济状况的反应。但这种观点与跨文化交流和跨世纪流传的事实相悖,一位伟大的艺术家的创作就如同一位伟大的科学家的发现一样,是永恒的。1.C推理判断题。文章第一段第一句话对文化相对主义进行描述:艺术作品的价值就是当地社会和经济状况的反应。由此可以推断出:文化相对主义把艺术作品的价值与当地的状况联系在了一起。故选

387、C项。2.A推理判断题。第二段作者提到了莎士比亚、莫扎特以及一个日本画家,他们的作品在历史长河中跨越了国界。由此推断出作者提及这些艺术家是为了表明伟大的艺术作品会超越国界的限制,故选A项。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可推断选D项。4.A主旨要义题。本文围绕艺术作品的价值展开了讨论,作者以实际例子说明了艺术作品的价值是跨文化、跨世纪的。故选A项。Passage 32(2015浙江,C)If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars,we would go in darkness happily,the m

388、idnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal(夜间活动的)species on this planet.Instead,we are diurnal creatures,with eyes adapted to living in the suns light.This is a basic evolutionary fact,even though most of us dont think of ourselves as diurnal beings.Yet its the only way

389、to explain what weve done to the night:Weve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequencescalled light pollutionwhose effects scientists are only now beginning to study.Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design,

390、which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky.Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levelsand light rhythmsto which many forms of life,including ourselves,have adapted.Wherever human light spills into the natural world,some a

391、spect of life is affected.In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze(霾)that mirrors our fear of the dark.Weve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit nightdark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earthis

392、wholly beyond our experience,beyond memory almost.Weve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country,when nothing could be further from the truth.Among mammals alone,the number of nocturnal species is astonishing.Light is a powerful biological force,and on many species it acts as a magnet(磁铁)

393、.The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being“captured”by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms.Migrating at night,birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal

394、 light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal,throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint,including their nighttime breeding choruses.Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs.Like most other creatures,we do need darkness. Darkness is as es

395、sential to our biological welfare,to our internal clockwork,as light itself.Living in a glare of our own making,we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritagethe light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night.In a very real sense,light pollution causes us to lose sight of

396、 our true place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being,which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Waythe edge of our galaxyarching overhead.1.According to the passage,human beings. A.prefer to live in the darknessB.are used to living in the day lightC.were

397、 curious about the midnight worldD.had to stay at home with the light of the moon2.What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to?A.The night.B.The moon.C.The sky.D.The planet.3.The writer mentions birds and frogs to.A.provide examples of animal protectionB.show how light pollution affects animals

398、C.compare the living habits of both speciesD.explain why the number of certain species has declined4.It is implied in the last paragraph that.A.light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animalsB.light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritagesC.human beings cannot go to the outer spaceD.

399、human beings should reflect on their position in the universe5.What might be the best title for the passage?A.The Magic Light.B.The Orange Haze.C.The Disappearing Night.D.The Rhythms of Nature.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。人类的眼睛习惯了阳光下的生活,所以作者认为人类属于日间活动的物种。但是晚上的灯光造成了光污染,这对人类自身、对动物等都是不利的。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Ins

400、tead,we are diurnal creatures.”可以得知,人类日间活动,眼睛习惯了阳光下的生活,B项与文章内容一致。2.A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,把人类归为日间活动的物种才可以解释人类在晚上所做的事情,也就是使夜晚充满灯光,由此可知it指代the night。3.B推理判断题。第四段和第五段提到了光污染对鸟类和青蛙的影响。光是一种强大的生物力量,对许多物种来说它就像磁铁一样。鸟类无法逃脱陆地上的探照灯和海洋油井平台上的灯光,而且还可能会撞上有光的建筑。青蛙因为光污染而放弃了某些行为,如晚上用叫声来吸引异性的繁殖行为。概括这两段可知,作者以此来说明光污染确实影响到了动物

401、。4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段中“.light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe,to forget the scale of our being.”可知,光污染让我们看不到自己在宇宙中真正的位置,由此作者暗示人类应该反思自己在宇宙中的位置。5.C主旨要义题。概括全文可知,由于光污染,夜晚被照得通亮,这对人类自己、对其他生物都是有害的,因而“消失的夜晚”可以概括文章大意。Passage 33(2015四川,B)Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put o

402、n disability for a bad back,he bought a small farm in the country,just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables,fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).The smell really burned the inside of your nos

403、e.When we complained about the terrible smell,Dad said the stronger the manure,the healthier the crops,and he was right.For example,just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell,and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in,Dad threw himself into cooki

404、ng.One day,armed with a basket of vegetables,he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages,eggplants,potatoes,corns,onions and carrots.For about half an hour,the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally,Dad turned off the stove,the

405、 pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dads pile of chicken manure was bad,this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid,the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad

406、was it?The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didnt offend the nose so much,either.I took a taste.It would never

407、 win a prize in a cooking competition,but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup!1.Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgins chicken house regularly?A.To earn some money for the family.B.To collect manure for his crops.C.To get rid of the terrible smell.D.To set a good example

408、to us.2.What can we infer about Dads stew?A.It is popular among the neighbors.B.It contains honey and vegetables.C.It looks very wonderful.D.It tastes quite delicious.3.What does the underlined word“offend”in the last paragraph mean?A.To attract.B.To upset.C.To air.D.To shut.4.What can we learn abou

409、t Dad from the text?A.He is an experienced cook.B.He is a troublesome father.C.He has a positive attitude to life.D.He suffers a lot from his disability.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材为日常生活类。作者的爸爸患上背疾之后,仍然不断尝试新事物。他买了个小农场种蔬菜、果树甚至养蜜蜂。为了让蔬菜长得更好,他用臭烘烘的鸡粪作肥料。后来他又开始做菜,他做的菜虽然也是臭气熏天的,邻居闻到了都以为是我们家煤气泄露了,但是菜的味道还是不错的。1.B细节理解题。

410、由文章第二段第一句And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure.可知爸爸是为了收集肥料。2.D推理判断题。由最后一段中的“but it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup!”可知爸爸的炖菜是非常美味的,故选D。3.B猜测词义题。文章最后一段第二句 It didnt look that bad,.,it didnt offend the nose so much,either.表示“它看起来

411、没有那么糟糕,也没有让我的鼻子很难受”。由look that bad 可以推出offend the nose表示使鼻子难受,故选To upset。attract吸引;air使通风;shut关上。4.C推理判断题。根据全文可知爸爸不断地尝试各种新鲜事物,因此可推知爸爸对生活有积极乐观的态度。Passage 34(2015陕西,C)The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun production is taking over the industry and brin

412、ging about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the

413、areas birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest fo

414、r full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,

415、and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-givin

416、g trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They

417、can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.1.What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A.It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B.It l

418、eads to air pollution and global warming.C.It slows down the loss of shade trees.D.It improves local soil conditions.2.The purpose of the text is to.A.entertainB.advertiseC.instructD.persuade3.Where does this text probably come from?A.An agricultural magazine.B.A medical journal.C.An engineering tex

419、tbook.D.A tourist guide.4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。主要介绍了full-sun coffee production对人类生活和环境造成的影响。1.B细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话可知,full-sun coffee production造成了空气污染和温室效应。故选B。2.D主旨要义题。根据文章最后一段可知,作者写这篇文章主要是为了地球和人类的未来,劝说大家购买shade-grown coffee,故选D

420、。3.A推理判断题。本文主要探讨了full-sun coffee production对环境等造成的影响,与农业有关。故选A。4.A推理判断题。文章第一段提出full-sun production造成的破坏,接下来的三个段落分别从“On a local level”“On a more global level”和“Both locally and globally”三个层面进行了论述,最后一段对全文进行总结并号召大家购买shade-grown coffee,故选A。本题考查考生对文章结构的分析能力。抓住段落主题句和线索提示词是解决此类问题的主要方法。通读全文,容易发现每一段的首句都提示了段落

421、的主题。通过梳理它们之间的关系可确定正确答案。Passage 35(2015江苏,C)Suppose you become a leader in an organization. Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities.To do so,it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.

422、Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example,people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships.If volunt

423、eer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service,some schools have launched compu

424、lsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately,these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because its important to me”)to an external factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because Im required to do so”).When that happens,people become less likely to volunteer in the

425、future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For insta

426、nce,one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to important practical advice.T

427、he researchers note that attention should be given to“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in

428、 the degree to which people view“volunteer”as an important social role.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by

429、responding to statements such as“Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”Consistent with the researchers expectations,they found a positive correlation(正相关)between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results,once again,lead to c

430、oncrete advice:“Once an individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.1.People volunteer mainly out of. A.academic req

431、uirementsB.social expectationsC.financial rewardsD.internal needs2.What can we learn from the Florida study?A.Follow-up studies should last for one year.B.Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C.Strategy training is a must in research.D.Volunteers are provided with concrete advice.3.What is most l

432、ikely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A.Individual differences in role identity.B.Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C.Role identity as a volunteer.D.Practical advice from researchers.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.How to Get People to VolunteerB.How to Study Volunteer

433、 BehaviorsC.How to Keep Volunteers InterestD.How to Organize Volunteer Activities答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类,内容是分析影响志愿者参与志愿者活动并坚持下去的原因。1.D推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.和第三段第三句.shift peoples wish of participation from an int

434、ernal factor.to an external factor.可知,人们做志愿者主要是出于内在的动机,即内在需求,故选D项。2.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句.attention should be given to“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.可知,志愿者“必须做好心理上的准备”,故选B项。3.C推理判

435、断题。根据第五段第一句中people view“volunteer”as an important social role以及第二句中those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work可知,这些人们把志愿者身份看作是一种重要的社会角色,并且最有可能激励志愿者继续工作的就是这种role identity。故选C项。4.A主旨要义题。本文分析了人们参与并坚持志愿者活动的原因,所

436、以“如何让人们参与志愿者活动”是最好的标题,故选A项。高级词块1.motivate sb. to do sth. 促动、激发某人做某事2.shift.to.把变成3.make.a must使成为必不可少的事物长难句原句:The researchers note that attention should be given to“training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem t

437、hey do experience”.译文:研究人员注意到应该注意让志愿者对棘手的局面有充分准备,或者给他们提供用来处理他们确实会遇到的问题的策略的训练方法。分析:本句为主从复合句。note后是一个that引导的宾语从句;methods后是that引导的定语从句。prepare.与provide.为并列谓语。Passage 36(2015湖南,C)Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly?Imagine having your entire house,garage,and yard

438、 inspected at any timewith no warning.Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keepers reputation depended on the results.A few times each year,an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The inspections were supposed to be a surprise,but keepers sometimes had adv

439、ance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones,keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard,the keepers family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first.As soon as someone spotted the boat,eve

440、ryone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap.Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of inspections,

441、they resulted in some funny moments.Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.At the time,people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them wit

442、h a cloth,and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door,it would look like bread was baking.He never did.One day,Glenn Fursts mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house.Like floor wax,the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood.

443、This time,though,she used a little too much oil.When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother,he slipped on the freshly oiled surface.“He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight,”Glenn later wrote.After he steadied himself,he shook Glenns mo

444、thers hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.1.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the inspection at the light station?A.It was carried out once a year.B.It was often announced in advance.C.It was important for the keepers fame.D.It was focused on the garage and yard.2.The

445、family began making preparations immediately after.A.one of the members saw the boatB.a warning call reached the lighthouseC.the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD.the inspector flew special flags in the distance3.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would.A.result in some funB.

446、speed up washing themC.make her home look tidyD.be a demand from the inspector4.If the inspector had opened the oven door,he would have seen.A.an empty panB.many clean dishesC.pieces of baked breadD.a cloth covering something5.The inspector waved his arms.A.to try his best to keep steadyB.to show hi

447、s satisfaction with the floorC.to extend a warm greeting to Glenns motherD.to express his intention to continue the inspection答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材为社会生活类。对于灯塔管理员来说,接受各种出其不意的检查已经成为他们的家常便饭。那么,他们是如何应对这种检查的呢?1.C细节理解题。从第一段第三句“Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keepers reputation depe

448、nded on the results.”可知C项正确。2.A细节理解题。 从第二段第三句“As soon as someone spotted the boat,everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.”可知A项正确。3.C推理判断题。由第三段第二句“Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection.”和第四句“In an effort to c

449、lean up quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them with a cloth,and stuck them in the oven.”可以推断出答案为C。4.D推理判断题。由第三段第四句和第五句“In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth, and stuck them in the oven.

450、If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking.”可以推断出答案为D。不能误解原文中的“it would look like bread was baking”而想当然地选择C,而应该在理解整段内容后加以判断。5.A推理判断题。由第四段中“When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother, he slipped on the freshly oiled surface. He came across that floor w

451、aving his arms.”以及“After he steadied himself.”可以推断巡视员是因为地面太滑而挥舞手臂以尽力维持身体平衡。Passage 37(2015湖北,B)What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles,Loe and her family grow,can(装罐)and preserve much of the

452、food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver,gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website,where she shares her tips and recipes,with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an engineer,but she quick

453、ly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草)and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said.Engineer by day,Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her

454、 husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)?Plant some herbs.A window?Perfect spot for growing.Start with herbs,she recommends,beca

455、use“theyre very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs“can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,”she added.“I think its a great place to start.”Then?Try growing something from a seed,she said,like a tomato or some tea.Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does.With every plante

456、d food,Loe noted,theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food,knowing where it comes from.”In addition to being more in touch with the food shes eating,another joy c

457、omes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children:“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,”she said,“that if we dont take care of the earth,no one will.”1.The underlined word“prerequisite”

458、(Para.1)is closest in meaning to“”.A.recipeB.substituteC.requirementD.challenge2.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?A.They are used daily.B.They are easy to grow.C.They can grow very tall.D.They can be eaten uncooked.3.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?A.It can

459、 preserve their best flavor.B.It can promote her online sales.C.It can better her cooking skills.D.It can improve their nutrition.4.What is the“the bigger picture”(Para.6)that Loe wishes her children to understand?A.The knowledge about good food.B.The way to live a grow-our-own life.C.The joy of get

460、ting in touch with foods.D.The responsibility to protect our earth.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,题材是日常生活类。Loe的做法向我们证明,家里的阳台、窗户等都可以成为种植的好地方,不必非得有大的农场。Loe还把自己的种植方法在网站上与别人分享,并告诫自己的孩子要关爱我们的地球。1.C猜测词义题。由第一段第二句可知,Loe所种的地只有0.1英亩,由此可知现代“自种自用”的生活方式不必有大的农场。requirement需要的事物。2.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的“theyre very forgiving”可以得知,Loe推荐先从种植

461、香草开始,因为它们容易种植。forgiving宽容的,宽大的。本题命题角度独特,难度适中。要求考生能准确把握forgiving一词的含义。3.A推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知,把自己种植的食物进行罐装,可以保持它们最好的味道。4.D推理判断题。在最后一段的最后一句中,Loe告诉孩子们“如果我们不照顾我们的地球,没有人会去做”,由此可以看出Loe想让孩子们理解的the bigger picture就是指“保护地球的责任”。Passage 38(2015湖北,E)Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature,cure diseases

462、,make bombs,and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑)to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brooks,author of The Social Animal:The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement,appears to be the latest in a long

463、line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The Social Animal,however,is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.The book focuses on big questions:What has science reveal

464、ed about human nature?What are the sources of character?And why are some people happy and successful while others arent?To answer these questions,Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines(学科).Considering this,you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.But Brooks has structured his bo

465、ok in an unorthodox(非常规的),and perhaps unfortunate,way.Instead of introducing scientific theories,he tells a story,within which he tries to make his points,perhaps in order to keep the readers attention.So as Harold and Erica,the hero and heroine in his story,live through childhood,we hear about the

466、science of child development,and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction.Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole,Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear and,to be fair,some chapters s

467、tand out above the rest.I enjoyed,for instance,the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters,the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to transla

468、te his tale into science.1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to.A.illustrate where science can be appliedB.demonstrate the value of Brookss new bookC.remind the reader of the importance of scienceD.explain why many writers use science in their works2.Accord

469、ing to the author,which of the following could be a strength of the book?A.Its strong basis.B.Its convincing points.C.Its clear writing.D.Its memorable characters.3.What is the authors general attitude towards the book?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.4.What is the author likely to

470、 write about after the last paragraph?A.Problems with the book.B.Brookss life experiences.C.Death of the characters.D.Brookss translation skills.答案语篇解读本文为议论文。题材为社会科学类。科学的用处很多,这吸引了很多人用科学去解释问题,但实际上有些问题是无法用科学解释的。Brooks在他最近的一本书中就用科学来解释了一个本不属于科学范畴的故事。1.D推理判断题。根据第一段中“Indeed science is so good at what it d

471、oes that theres always a temptation(诱惑)to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.”可以得知,科学用处巨大,所以吸引人们用科学去解释一些问题。Brooks和众多作家一样,也没能经得起科学的诱惑。因而作者在文章开头提到科学的作用,就是为了说明众多作家在作品中引入科学的原因。2.C推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“As one would expect,his writing is mostly clear and,to be fair,some chapters stand out above t

472、he rest.”可以看出,这本书的优点是通俗易懂,有些章节异常出色。3.D推理判断题。概括全文可知,Brooks在自己书中极力用科学去解释本不属于科学范畴的问题,这对问题解决是没有什么帮助的,因此作者对这本书是持批评态度的。4.A推理判断题。文章末尾指出,这本书中存在很多严重的问题,有些问题是Brooks企图用科学去解释他所写的故事。由此可推断出,接下来文章可能要讲到这本书中存在的一些问题,A项符合文章内容。Passage 39(2015福建,D)Life can be so wonderful,full of adventure and joy.It can also be full of

473、 challenges,setbacks(挫折)and heartbreaks.Whatever our circumstances,we generally still have dreams,hopes and desiresthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones.Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem,because when we go to change the way we do things,up come the

474、old patterns and pitfalls(陷阱)that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between what we feel we can have and what were seemingly able to have is the niggling(烦人的)suffering,the anxiety we feel.This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.But were never me

475、ant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more.The intelligence behind that knowing is usthe real us.Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities.If you drop that,you begin to feel a little“dead”inside because youre dropping“you”.So,if we have this capability but somehow lif

476、e seems to keep us stuck,how do we break these patterns?Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time.This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.While,deep down,we know we can do it,our mindor the minds of those close to ususually says we cant.That isn

477、t a reason to stop,its just the mind,that little man or woman on your shoulder,trying to talk you out of something again.It has done it many times before.Its all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking.When you do this you may feel a little,or large,release from the

478、 jail of your mind and youll be on your way.1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should.A.slow down and live a simple lifeB.be careful when we choose to changeC.stick to our dreams under any circumstancesD.be content with what we already have2.What is the key to breaking the ol

479、d patterns?A.To focus on every detail.B.To decide and take immediate action.C.To listen to those close to us.D.To think twice before we act.3.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?A.Escape from your punishment.B.Realization of your dreams.C.Freedom from your

480、tension.D.Reduction of your expectations.4.What does the author intend to tell us?A.Its easier than we think to get what we want.B.Its important to learn to accept sufferings in life.C.Its impractical to change our way of thinking.D.Its harder than we expect to follow a new course.答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为人生

481、哲理类。人生丰富多彩,它既有挑战又有快乐。但无论我们的环境如何,我们都要有自己的梦想、希望和愿望。在实现个人梦想的过程中,会出现很多障碍。为了冲破这些障碍我们能做些什么呢?1.C推理判断题。根据第一段第三句及第二段内容可推知在任何环境下我们都应该坚持梦想,故答案为C项。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段、第四段及最后一段第一句可知答案为B项。3.C猜测词义题。最后一段为总结段落,画线部分采用了暗喻的修辞方法(从心灵监狱中释放出来),而这里的the jail of your mind指的就是第二段第一句中所提到的tension,故答案为C项。4.A推理判断题。作者写此篇文章的目的是告诉读者追求梦想比我

482、们想象的要简单,故答案为A项。Passage 40(2015北京,D)Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of t

483、heir children who are attending college.Surveys(调查)on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be“very”or“somewhat”overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a ge

484、neration ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that todays parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their“adult”children.In the con

485、text(背景)of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible?Probably not.On the oth

486、er hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago?Many studies show that older parentstodays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore,studies show

487、 that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact

488、of college life,today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such change

489、s come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.1.The surveys inform us of.A.the development of technologyB.the changes of adult childrens behaviorC.the parents over-protection of their college childrenD.the means and expenses of students c

490、ommunication2.The writer believes that.A.parents today are more protective than those in the pastB.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantagesC.technology explains greater parental involvement with their childrenD.parents changed attitudes lead to college childrens delayed independen

491、ce3.What is the best title for the passage?A.Technology or AttitudeB.Dependence or IndependenceC.Family Influences or Social ChangesD.College Management or Communication Advancement4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclus

492、ion答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为社会生活。文章介绍了无处不在的科技变革影响了生活的方方面面。然而科技带来的社会变化常常被误认为是人们的态度发生了改变。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知调查表明今日的父母在子女搬进大学宿舍之后会继续对子女进行过度保护。2.C推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知C项正确。3.A主旨要义题。根据文章第一段第二句和最后一段最后一句可知选 A。4.B推理判断题。第一段简要介绍,提出论点。第二、三段提出两个分论点,第四段提出次要点,第五段介绍了另外一个次要点,最后一段总结全文。Passage 41(2014课标全国,C)A typical lion tamer(驯兽

493、师)in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but its mostly for show.In reality,its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the sa

494、me time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have someth

495、ing you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives ar

496、e left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesnt have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving

497、a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish,someone you want to become.take immediate action.If

498、youre clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A.To trick the lion.B.To show off his skills.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.2.In what sense are people similar to a lion fa

499、cing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changes.D.They have to do something for show.3.What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.4.When the world is “w

500、aving a chair in your face”, youre advised to .A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidance答案语篇解读本文是议论文,题材为社会文化类。每个人都会有自己的目标,在实现目标的过程中我们会不断地面对各种选择。在这些选择面前每个人的表现不尽相同,怎么做才是最佳选择呢?1.A推理判断题。根据第一段第五、六句的内容可知答案选A。2.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的.the lion becomes confused

501、and is unsure about what to do next和第二段中的only to end up confused by all of the options可知人类和狮子的相同点就是在面对选择的时候都会感到迷惑不解,不知道该如何去选择,所以答案为A项。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段中第一句话的描述可知:那些想改善自己生活的人们被那些专家提供的矛盾的信息弄得晕头转向,不知道该如何去选择。由此推断出作者对这些专家持怀疑的态度,所以答案为B项。tolerant容忍的,宽恕的;doubtful怀疑的;respectful表示敬意的;supportive支持的。4.C推理判断题。根据最后一

502、段中的You just need to get started.和take immediate action可以推断出在面对这一情况时你要立即做出决定,所以答案为C项。Passage 42(2014陕西,D)One afternoon last week,I saw three tearful children from my sons school being comforted by teachers.That morning,my 11-year-old son had stomach pains,retching(干呕)into a bowl.Talking to other moth

503、ers later,I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much pain?Sports day.Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school,but not at a village primary school.For the children who can fly like the wind,sports day cause

504、s no problem.For those who are overweight or just not good at sport,it is a nightmare(噩梦).Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents,it can prove a disaster.Why do we put our children through this annual suffering?Some may say com

505、petition is character building;or its taking part,not winning,thats important;or that it is a tradition of school life.I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races,wild enthusiasm,lots of shoutingand were fun to watch.Mor

506、e importantly,the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyones eyes.Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less-competitive event.Perhaps an afternoon of te

507、am games,with a few races for those who want them,would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.1.What can we learn about the authors son from Paragraph 1?A.He talked with some mothers.B.He comforted his classmates.C.He had difficulty in sleeping.D.He suffered from stomachache

508、.2.Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because.A.this is an independent schoolB.it is a tradition of the schoolC.it helps children lose weightD.children enjoy watching sports3.What does the author think about team games?A.They should include more stressful races.B.They are ac

509、ceptable to different children.C.They should be abandoned at primary schools.D.They are less fun for those who love running.4.What is the authors attitude towards sports day?A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Positive.D.Ambiguous.答案语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。题材为学校生活类。本文讲述了一些学校运动会并不适合所有的孩子,相反会对部分孩子的健康有害,因此作者建议学校开展竞争性不强的集体运动项目

510、,这样对孩子会更好。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知:早上,我发现我十一岁的儿子由于胃痛在干呕。故选D项。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句.or that it is a tradition of school life.可知本题选B项。3.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知,集体项目有很多好处,更重要的是在传球时不够快的孩子也可以分享获胜队的喜悦。故集体项目适合不同的学生,故选B项。4.A推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者对学校运动会给孩子造成的伤害感到不满,建议应开展集体项目,以适应不同的孩子,由此看出作者对运动会持批评态度,故选A项。Passage 43(2014山东,B)It w

511、as one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore.Needless to say,it was too hot to do anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was 1962,and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find somep

512、lace indoors.He suggested we could see a movie.It was a brilliant plan.Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day andmost importantsit in air conditioning.In those days,you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies.Then,the theater would show the same two movies again.If y

513、ou wanted to,you could sit through them twice.Most people did not do that,but the manager at our theater,Mr.Bellow,did not mind if you did.That particular day,my brother and I sat through both movies twice,trying to escape the heat.We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each.Then,we sat and

514、 watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.Wed already seen the second movie once before.It had been at the theater since January,because Mr.Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.We left the theater around 8,just before the evening shows began.But we returned the next

515、day and saw the same two movies again,twice more.And we did it the next day too.Finally,on the fourth day,the heat wave broke.Still,to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewarts dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance!Those memories ar

516、e some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962.Theyre really memories of the screen,not memories of my life.1.In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?A.1952.B.1962.C.1972.D.1982.2.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The heat.B.The theate

517、r.C.The Music Man.D.The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.3.What do we know about Mr.Bellow?A.He loved children very much.B.He was a fan of John Wayne.C.He sold air conditioners.D.He was a movie star.4.Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?A.The two movies were really w

518、onderful.B.They wanted to avoid the heat outside.C.The manager of the theater was friendly.D.They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The author turned out to be a great singer.B.The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.C.The authors life has b

519、een changed by the two movies.D.The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable.答案语篇解读本文作者回忆了自己在1962年为了躲过夏季一阵阵的热浪,和弟弟买票进入有空调的电影院反复观看两部电影的故事。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的:那是1962年,并且在未来的十年内我一直生活在一个没有空调的环境中。由此推断出作者是10年后才生活在了有空调的环境中,即1972年,答案为C项。2.D推理判断题。根据第三段中的:我们之前已经看了第二部电影The Man Who Shot Liberty

520、 Valance一次了。这部电影自1月份以来就一直在这儿上映。由此推断出It指的是第二部电影,所以答案为D项。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话的because Mr.Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it可知电影院老板Mr.Bellow是John Wayne的影迷,所以答案为B项。4.B细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话的trying to escape the heat可知作者和自己的弟弟进电影院反复看这两部电影是为了躲避外面的热浪,所以答案为B项。5.D推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推断出作者对当年在电影院的经历难以忘却,所以答案为D项。

521、Passage 44(2014辽宁,A)A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑).Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remem

522、ber and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment,students were given either a laptop or pen

523、and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk,they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who

524、wrote by hand.However,the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said,“While more notes are beneficial,if the notes are taken mindlessly,as is more likely the case on a laptop,the benefit d

525、isappears.” In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory,students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time,the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only bette

526、r for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.1.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can. A.write more notesB.digest concepts betterC.get higher scoresD.understand lectures better2.While taking notes, laptop users t

527、end to be.A.skillfulB.mindlessC.thoughtfulD.tireless3.The author of the passage aims to.A.examine the importance of long-term memoryB.stress the benefit of taking notes by handC.explain the process of taking notesD.promote the use of laptops4.The passage is likely to appear in.A.a newspaper advertis

528、ementB.a computer textbookC.a science magazineD.a finance report答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。主要介绍了一项研究成果:听课时用笔做笔记的学生比用笔记本电脑做笔记的学生的学习效果更好。1.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“越来越多的学生喜欢使用笔记本电脑来做笔记,因为使用笔记本电脑做笔记速度更快,笔记更清晰”,可知答案为A项。2.B细节理解题。根据第六段可知答案为B项。3.B推理判断题。根据本文第一段和最后一段可知:本文作者的写作目的就是在强调用笔做笔记的益处。4.C推理判断题。本文属于科普类文章,由此可推断出文章应出自

529、科学杂志。故答案为C项。长难句Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.研究人员做了一些实验,其目的是弄清楚使用笔记本电脑逐字记下教授所说的话是否会增加“机械地”做笔记的可能。本句的主干为Researchers performed experiments,that后面的句子

530、为定语从句。在该定语从句中whether后的部分为find out的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中using a laptop为主语,increased为谓语,the tendency为宾语,to make notes “mindlessly”为定语,修饰名词tendency。温馨提示While more notes are beneficial,if the notes are taken mindlessly,as is more likely the case on a laptop,the benefit disappears.虽然更多的笔记是有益的,但如果像用笔记本电脑那样机械地做笔记,那

531、种益处就消失了。Passage 45(2014江西,A)Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions(探险)but this time,it was different.He decided to take his daughter along with him.She was only ten years old.This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.Larry first began diving when

532、he was his daughters age.Similarly,his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions.Since then,he had never looked back.Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore.He had hated them.They were either too big or too small.Then,there was the instruc

533、tor.He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father.He had made an exception.Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide.Children his age were not even allowed to

534、 dive.After the first expedition,Larrys later diving adventures only got better and better.There was never a dull moment.In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back,Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean.Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his

535、 search.Sometimes,he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.At least,he was still able to take photographs of the underwater creatures.Larrys first expedition without his father was in the Cayman Islands.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to v

536、isit all of them.Fortunately for him,a man offered to take him around the different spots for free.Larry did not even know what the time was,how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken.The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more tha

537、n thirty varieties of creatures.Larry looked at his daughter.She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age.He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.Already,she looked like she was much braver than Larry had been then.This was the key to a successful underwater expeditio

538、n.1.In what way was this expedition different for Larry?A.His daughter had grown up.B.He had become a famous diver.C.His father would dive with him.D.His daughter would dive with him.2.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A.Larry had some privileges.B.Larry liked the rented diving suits.C.Divers ha

539、d to buy diving equipment.D.Ten-year-old children were permitted to dive.3.Why did Larry have to stay in a cage underwater sometimes?A.To protect himself from danger.B.To dive into the deep water.C.To admire the underwater view.D.To take photos more conveniently.4.What can be learned from the underl

540、ined sentence?A.Larry didnt wear a watch.B.Larry was not good at math.C.Larry had a poor memory.D.Larry enjoyed the adventure.5.What did Larry expect his daughter to do?A.Become a successful diver.B.Make a good diving guide.C.Take a lot of photos underwater.D.Have longer hours of training.答案语篇解读本文为记

541、叙文,题材为人物故事类。本文主要介绍了Larry学习潜水的过程。时过境迁,现在Larry开始培养自己的女儿从事此项运动。1.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的.but this time,it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him.可知答案为D项。2.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的He had made an exception.及下面的Children his age were not even allowed to dive.可知 Larry had some privileges.符合题意,故答案为A项。根据第

542、二段中He had hated them.可知B是错误的;由第二段中Larry started out by renting diving suits.可知C项是错误的;由第二段中 Children his age were not even allowed to dive.可知D项是错误的。3.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.Sometimes,he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him.

543、(危险区域并没有阻止他继续探索。有时,他被限定在一个水下保护笼中,但这并不妨碍他。)可推断出在危险水域潜水时,Larry有时会被放在一个保护笼中,其目的是保护他免受危险,故答案为A项。4.D推理判断题。画线部分描述了Larry在潜水过程中的忘我境界,由此可见,Larry对潜水探险非常喜欢,故答案为D项。A、B、C三项文中均未提及。5.A推理判断题。从最后一段中的He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition.可知,Larry 希望他女儿能够继承家族传统水下探险。This was the key to a successfu

544、l underwater expedition.这句话暗示了他希望自己的女儿将来能成为一名成功的潜水者。Passage 46(2014江苏,D)August 1990,BostonDear Maya Shao-ming,To me,June 6,1990 is a special day.My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father cried,“A girl!” You are more than just a second child,more than just a girl to match our boy.You,lit

545、tle daughter,are the link to our female line,the legacy of another womans pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother.Somewhere in Hong Kong,in the late fifties,a young waitress found herself pregnant(怀孕)by a cook,probably a co-worker at her restaurant.She carried

546、the baby to term,suffered to give it birth,and kept the little girl for the first three months of her life.I like to think that my motheryour grandmotherloved me and fought to raise me on her own,but that the daily struggle was too hard.Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the consta

547、nt threat of starvation,she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.More likely,I was dropped at the orphanage(孤儿院)steps or somewhere else.I will probably never know the truth.Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought sha

548、me on the family in China,so she probably kept my existence a secret.Once I was out of her life,it was as if I had never been born.And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family tree.Do they ever wonder if we exist?Before I was two,I was adopted by an Anglo couple.Fed three squ

549、are meals a day,I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offerbooks,music,education,church life and community activities.In a family of blue-eyed blonds,though,I stood out like a sore thumb.Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different,my older brother

550、s sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin,or made fun of my clumsy walk.Moody and impatient,burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need,I was not an easy child to love.My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years,but gradually came to see one ano

551、ther as real human beings with faults and talents,and as women of strength in our own right.Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me,I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own.The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.But part of me will always be missing:my

552、beginnings,my personal history,all the delicate details that give a person her origin.Nevertheless,someone gave me a lucky name“Siu Wai”.“Siu”means“little”,and“Wai”means“clever”.Therefore,my baby name was“Clever little one.”Who chose those words?Who cared enough to note my arrival in the world?I los

553、t my Chinese name for 18 years.It was Americanized for convenience to“Sue”.But like an ill-fitting coat,it made me uncomfortable.I hated the name.But even more,I hated being Chinese.It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name.That,plus a l

554、ittle knowledge of classroom Cantonese is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you.Not white,certainly,but not really Asian,I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you.Your name,“Shao-ming”,is very much like mine“Shao”means“little”.And“ming”is“bright”,as in a shining s

555、un or moon.Whose lives will you brighten,little Maya?Your past is more complete than mine,and each day I cradle you in your babyhood,generously giving you the loving care I lacked for my first two years.When I pat you,I comfort the lost baby inside me who still cries for her mother.Sweet Maya,it doe

556、snt matter what you“become”later on.You have already fulfilled my wildest dreams.I love you.Mammy1.Why is June 6,1990 a special day for Mommy?A.Her dream of being a mother came true.B.She found her origin from her Chinese mother.C.She wrote the letter to her daughter.D.Her female line was well linke

557、d.2.How does Mommy feel about her being given away?A.It is bitter and disappointing.B.It is painful but understandable.C.She feels sorry but sympathetic.D.She feels hurt and angry.3.What does“I stood out like a sore thumb”in Paragraph 5 mean?A.I walked clumsily out of pains.B.I was not easy to love

558、due to jealousy.C.I was impatient out of fear.D.I looked different from others.4.What can be inferred from Mommys Anglo family life?A.She used to experience an identity crisis.B.She fought against her American identity.C.She forgot the pains of her early years.D.She kept her love for Asia from child

559、hood.5.Why did Mommy name her daughter“Shao-ming”?A.To match her own birth-name.B.To brighten the lives of the family.C.To identify her with Chinese origin.D.To justify her pride in Chinese culture.6.By“Your past is more complete than mine,”Mommy means.A.her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming

560、sB.Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of rootsC.her mother didnt comfort her the way she did Shao-mingD.her past was spent brokenly,first in Asia,then in the US答案语篇解读文章以给女儿的信的方式讲述了一个华裔母亲的生活苦难和成长经历。1.D细节理解题。从第一段中的You,little daughter,are the link to our female line可以看出本题的答案为D。2.B推理判断题。从文章第二段中

561、的Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation,she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.可以看出,Mommy认为这是一个painful but understandable 的决定。3.D推理判断题。由In a family of blue-eyed blonds可知我和家庭中其他人看上去很不

562、同,故选D。4.A推理判断题。从文章的第五段的描述中可以看出,作者经历了身份危机,因此选A。B项的错误在于她不是为反对她的美国身份而斗争。C项错误是因为她并没有忘记早期的痛苦。D项是无关信息。5.C推理判断题。从文章第七段中的It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name.及.I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you.可以看出作者给女

563、儿取名“Shao-ming”就是为了确认她的中国根。本题的干扰项是A项。文章中提到了这个名字和作者的名字有点相似,但是这并不是她取这个名字的主要目的。B项和D项都是无关的信息。6.B推理判断题。此题可以根据该句的意思和上下文来理解。这段文字的字面意思是“你的过去比我的过去要完整得多”。在后面,作者记述了她对女儿的关怀和照顾。所以选B项。Passage 47(2014广东,C)Like many new graduates,I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to

564、 do.My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow,but I had no idea how to do that.Thats when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by rea

565、ding as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew it would be a lot of hard work,and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short,I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.Eventually,however

566、,I won the support of my family,and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later,I finally received a call asking me to report for duty.I would be going to a

567、 small village near Abuja,Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?I had no idea.But I was about to find out.After completing my training,I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes,hearts,and food as if I w

568、ere their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so,I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period,I realized that all those things that

569、had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did,though I did not get anywhere with the local language,and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.1.What do we know about the author?A.His university education focused on theoretical knowl

570、edge.B.His dream at university was to become a volunteer.C.He took pride in having contributed to the world.D.He felt honored to study English literature.2.According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author.A.discussed his decision with his familyB.asked previous volunteers about voluntary

571、workC.attended special training to perform difficult tasksD.felt sad about having to leave his family and friends3.In his application for the volunteer job, the author.A.participated in many discussionsB.went through challenging survival testsC.wrote quite a few papers on voluntary workD.faced stron

572、g competition from other candidates4.On arrival at the village, the author was.A.asked to lead a farming teamB.sent to teach in a schoolhouseC.received warmly by local villagersD.arranged to live in a separate house5.What can we infer from the authors experiences in Nigeria?A.He found some difficult

573、y adapting to the local culture.B.He had learned to communicate in the local language.C.He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D.He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.答案语篇解读本文是记叙文,题材为个人经历。文章讲述作者申请做灯塔计划的志愿者的过程和被选为志愿者后去阿布贾附近的一个小村庄工作的经历,这段经历让作者学到了很多而且改变了他的人生。

574、1.A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句My degree,with honors,in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.可知作者在大学主要学习理论方面的知识,故答案为A项。2.A推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句可推测出作者很可能和家里人讨论过他做志愿者的决定。3.D推理判断题。根据第三段第二句After countless interviews and presentations,I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive

575、the test alone.可知,经过无数次的介绍和面试,作者终于从众多候选人中脱颖而出,是唯一一个通过考试的。从而可推断,在申请志愿者工作时,作者经历了激烈的竞争。故选择D项。4.C细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句Though the local villagers were poor,they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family.可知,作者在那个小村庄受到了当地村民的热情招待。故选C项。5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段.I realized that all those things tha

576、t had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did.,and I returned to the United States a different man.可知答案为A项。B项与原文内容不符,所以排除;C项中的all属于绝对意义表达,故排除;D项内容文章未提到,故排除。Passage 48(2014北京,C)Choosing the Right Resolution(决定)Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with,a

577、 goal of losing weight.However,setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weightthe output,we need to control what we eatthe input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals.The alternative is to focus yo

578、ur resolution on the input.Instead of resolving to lose weight,try an actionable resolution:“Ill stop having dessert for lunch,”or “Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new

579、 science behind incentives(激励),including in education,has been discussed.For example,researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school.In some cases,he gave students incentives based on input,like reading certain books,while in others,the incentives

580、were based on output,like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output.Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside

581、 from general rules like “study harder”.Reading certain books,on the other hand,is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long as you have direct control over your goal,you have a much higher chance of success.And its easier to start again if you fail,because you know exactly what

582、 you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending,a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a caf,for example.This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily.Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general.Similarly

583、,if you want to spend more time with your family,dont stop with this general wish.Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to,like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run,these new goals could become a habit.1.The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is

584、 a mistake because.A.it is hard to achieve for most AmericansB.it is focused too much on the resultC.it is dependent on too many thingsD.it is based on actionable decisions2.In Roland Fryers research, some students did better than the others because.A.they obeyed all the general rulesB.they paid mor

585、e attention to examsC.they were motivated by their classmatesD.they were rewarded for reading some books3.According to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A.“Ill give up dessert.”B.“Ill study harder.”C.“Ill cut down my expenses.”D.“Ill spend more time with my family.”4.The w

586、riter strongly believes that we should.A.develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB.be optimistic about final goals and stick to themC.pick specific actions that can be turned into good habitsD.set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为设定目标。作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目标,并具体解释了

587、设立什么样的目标更加有效。1.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“To reach our goal of losing weightthe output,we need to control what we eatthe input.That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.”可知将减肥设定为目标过于注重输出,输出(output)相当于结果(result),故选择B项。2.D细节理解题。通读第三段的相关内容特别是最后一句可知本题应选择D项。3.A推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Creatin

588、g a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.”可知设立目标应具体化,不能过于关注结果。四个选项中A项“我要放弃甜食”很具体,是一个很好的目标;B项“我要更努力地学习”,C项“我要削减开支”和D项“我要花更多的时间陪家人”都很笼统,不容易实施,故选择A项。4.C推理判断题。作者在文章的倒数第二段举例说明了设立目标应挑选具体的行动,最后一段又再次强调“In the long run,these new goals cou

589、ld become a habit.”长远来看,这些新的目标(具体的行动)能成为一种习惯。因此本题选择C项。温馨提示1.To reach our goal of losing weightthe output,we need to control what we eatthe input(输入).That is,we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.为了实现我们的减肥目标输出,我们必须控制我们的饮食输入。也就是说我们往往只关注了输出而没有控制输入。2.Instead of resolving to lose

590、weight,try an actionable resolution.尝试可操作的解决方案而不是做减肥的决定3.Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam,aside from general rules like “study harder”.弗赖尔的结论是:对输入的激励可能会更有效,因为学生们除了知道一些像“努力学习”这样的基本规则外,对于如何更好地应考一无所知。Pa

591、ssage 49(2014安徽,E)You may not have heard of Ashoka,but for the past 27 years,this association,founded by Bill Drayton,has fought poverty(贫困)and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising“changemakers”

592、seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change.The important thing is to simply give yourself permission.If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it.The young

593、in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy,healthy,contributing adult.In fact,it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in

594、 Dhaka,which handled the rubbish problem facing the city,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets,attracting rats and disease,they discovered that 80% of it was na

595、tural waste.So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥)this waste.They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers(化肥)which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years.At

596、first,they were refused,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made,the project took off.In 2009 sales were $14,000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look

597、 at economic development.1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A.ChangemakersB.BusinessmenC.Social ConditionsD.Rubbish Problem2.The underlined word“them”in Paragraph 3 probably refers to“.”A.the local farmersB.Masqsood and IftekharC.Drayton and his teamD.the poor people i

598、n Dhaka3.It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he.A.considers Draytons conceptB.gets permission from AshokaC.tries to improve social conditionsD.is a young,happy and healthy adult4.The authors attitude towards Ashokas program can be described as. A.changingB.fo

599、rgivingC.cautiousD.positive答案语篇解读本文讲述了一个由Bill Drayton所创立的组织Ashoka通过提供资金支持,致力于鼓励人们去做一个变革者,努力去改变社会,解决当前社会中迫切需要解决的问题。1.A主旨要义题。根据全文可知Bill Drayton创立Ashoka的目的就是通过提供资金支持,致力于鼓励人们去做一个变革者,努力去改变社会,解决当前社会上迫切需要解决的问题。A选项与全文主题思想最吻合。2.D猜测词义题。根据第三段可知Dhaka当地贫民饱受垃圾困扰,Masqsood 和 Iftekhar在Ashoka帮助下试图说服当地贫民把垃圾变废为宝转化为肥料,他

600、们俩起初被拒绝,后来他们俩说服了当地的贫民,因此them指的是当地的贫民。故选D。3.C推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知C选项正确。4.D推理判断题。由全文内容可知答案为D项。温馨提示1.To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising “changemakers” seeking to solve(解决)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker

601、.为了赞助这些崇高的事业,Ashoka为这个世界上最有希望的“变革者”提供资金,努力解决紧迫问题并想建立一个每个公民都可以成为变革者的世界。2.an agent for change变革者agent:a person who does sth.or causes sth.to happen (做某事或使某事发生的)施动者3.a contributing adult有贡献的成人Passage 50(2014湖北,D)Youve flown halfway around the world;youve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland

602、 or Thailand seems to have ever heard of;so what on earth is there to do here?You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee.By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out,it took al

603、most as long as the flight from Falongland.Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin,about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok,down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand.Not many tourists find this place,and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.Theres an apparent laz

604、iness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers,and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest.You sit there and watch the sea.Its early afternoon,so the cook comes out and asks what

605、youd like to eat this evening.Before long hes rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you orderedevery meal fresh and to order.No menu here.There is no poolside noise here but just that wonderfully warm,clear blue sea.Theres no street noise.The only sounds are the mu

606、rmurs of nature.For now you just count your blessings(福祉),listing them in the sand with your toe(脚趾).You dont have to worry about being late for work.You dont have to do anything.The beach to your right stretches off to the horizon(地平线),slowly narrowing to nothingness only to re-emerge again on your

607、 left,now steadily widening until it covers the chair beneath you.Sand to your left and sand to your right;its unbroken,endless.No start,no end,just sand,sun,and peace.Step off it,and you re-enter the world of traffic,stress,work,and hurry.Normally youre the type who cant sit still for more than ten

608、 minutes,but youre on Huaplee Lazy Beach now and,in the right frame of mind,it stretches all the way around the world.“How could it take me so long to find it?”you wonder. 1.When the author first went to Huaplee Beach,.A.he had difficulty in finding itB.he became sensitive to smellC.he failed to sor

609、t himself outD.he found it unworthwhile2.What is special about the food service at Huaplee Beach?A.Quick delivery.B.Self service.C.Free food.D.No menu.3.In the authors opinion, a tourist can enjoy Huaplee Beach most when he.A.draws pictures in the sandB.plans a detailed scheduleC.forgets his daily r

610、outineD.sits in a beach chair4.What does the author imply by his question at the end of the passage?A.He should have come to the place earlier.B.He shouldnt have spent so much time on the trip.C.He should have understood the wonder of nature.D.He shouldnt have counted his blessings.答案语篇解读本文为应用文,题材为观

611、光旅游类。文章介绍了旅游胜地Huaplee Beach。1.A推理判断题。根据前三段的内容可知,作者费了好大的劲才找到Huaplee Beach。故选A项。2.D细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,厨师询问游客想吃什么,然后匆忙去市场购买游客点的任何食材。这里没有菜单。故选D项。3.C推理判断题。根据第六、第七和第八段的描述可知,忘记日常工作,全身心投入到Huaplee Beach的怀抱,才能充分享受它给人带来的乐趣。故选C项。4.A推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者非常享受Huaplee Beach之旅给他带来的快乐。故选A项。Passage 51(2014湖北,E)For most city pe

612、ople,the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains,jets,and even bicycles.Dr.Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding.Without the elevator,they point out,there could

613、be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings,and city life as we know it would be impossible.In that sense,they argue,the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars.In fact,according to Wilk,the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a

614、 century,with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地),and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的)columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators,it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief,boring,and even awkward

615、experienceone that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common,and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that were hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book,Lifted,German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to

616、this experience,studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience.“After 150 years,we are still not used to it,”Bernard said.“We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closenes

617、s and displeasure.”That mixture,according to Bernard,sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.Today,as the worlds urban population explodes,and cities become more crowded,taller,and more crowded,Americas total number of elevator

618、s900,000 at last count,according to Elevator World magazines “2012 Vertical Transportation Industry”are a force thats becoming more important than ever.And for the people who really,really love them,it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.1.What does the

619、underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.B.The desire for a remarkable machine.C.The particular interests of experts.D.The general view of elevators.2.The authors purpose in mentioning cars is.A.to explain peoples preference for elevatorsB.to reveal thei

620、r secret war against elevatorsC.to emphasize the importance of elevatorsD.to contrast their functions with elevators3.According to Prof. Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?A.Uncomfortable conditions.B.Little physical space.C.Lack of excitement.D.Vertical d

621、irection.4.The author urges readers to consider.A.the relationship between cars and elevatorsB.the role of elevators in city developmentC.the serious future situation of elevatorsD.the exact number of elevator lovers答案语篇解读本文为说明文。题材为科普知识类。文章主要介绍了电梯在城市发展中所起的巨大作用。1.D猜测词义题。上文提到了城市人群对电梯的传统看法。故选D项。2.C推理判断

622、题。根据第一段第四句可知,作者提及汽车的目的是想通过对比来说明电梯在城市发展中所起的作用一点也不亚于汽车。故选C项。3.B推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第一、二句可知,坐电梯和其他生活经历的不同之处就在于“the mixture of closeness and displeasure”。故选B项。4.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话可知,作者的写作目的是让人们重视电梯在城市发展中所起的作用。故选B项。Passage 52(2014福建,E)As has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe,few issues cause greate

623、r concern than energy policy.Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the power-producing machines of wind farms;yet they never take“direct action”,even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage.And the generous subsidies(财政补贴),which encourage the expansion

624、 of wind power,are not favorable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民).Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例)to the benefits they bring,because their energy output cannot match t

625、hat of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace.Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables,nuclear and carbon,and that the country is committed to meeting EU(European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.Against this background,the fact that there

626、is an argument within the Government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary.The two parties in the coalition(联合)government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties:publish the repor

627、t,and let the country be the judge.Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful,it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them.Equally,supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much atten

628、tion.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable”report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way.Given the sensitivities involved,all the information should be available so that people can reach their own

629、conclusions,rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑)that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that.A.energy policy catches much attention of the publicB.the residents are in favor of the expansion of wind farmsC.many village communities are satis

630、fied with the subsidiesD.the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents2.Supporters think that the expansion of wind power.A.is more rapid than that of carbon-based powerB.guarantees an increase in energy outputC.is expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerD.agrees with EU targe

631、ts for non-carbon energy generation3.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.an official report will settle the energy problemB.the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farmsC.the two parties have agreed on a further negotiationD.political beliefs concerning energy issue go against fact

632、s4.Which of the following reflects the authors opinion?A.Increase political impact on energy policy.B.Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.C.Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.D.Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材是环保类。内容是关于风能发电项目对当地居民的影响,以及支持者

633、和反对者两派之间的观点。1.A推理判断题。从文章的第一句.few issues cause greater concern than energy policy可以推断能源政策引起公众的广泛关注。故答案为A项。2.D细节理解题。从第二段的最后一句Supporters insist that.and that the country is committed to meeting EU(European Union)targets for non-carbon energy generation.可以知道答案为D项。3.B推理判断题。从文章的第三段可以推断两个党派在关于风力发电场话题方面产生了分

634、歧。故正确答案为B项。4.C推理判断题。根据最后一段可以推断出,作者认为应该让公众去裁决风能发电项目的实施。故答案为C项。Passage 53(2014重庆,B)There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they cant help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exerci

635、sing,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:Ill never lose weightI come from a fat familyWrong!While we cant change the body type we are born with,we cant blame our genes for making us fat.Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they sha

636、re the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.I am fat because I burn calories slowlyWrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work

637、 out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is boringWrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program thats fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you l

638、ike swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain,no gainWrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you somethings wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is yo

639、ur body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they dont,rest and seek medical advice.1.What does the author think about being fat?A.It is the family genes that make people fat.B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.C.

640、A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.D.It is the consequence of peoples unbalanced lifestyle.2.According to the author, how can we make exercise more interesting?A.By taking varied exercise.B.By choosing simple exercise.C.By doing regular exercise.D.By sticking to outdoor exercis

641、e.3.What is the authors opinion about “No pain, no gain” in exercising?A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.4

642、.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为健康生活类。本文澄清了一些人对肥胖与锻

643、炼的错误认识。1.D推理判断题。由第一行黑体字下面的内容:habits of eating too much and exercising too little可知答案选D。2.A细节理解题。根据第三行黑体字下面的描述:varied program thats fun as well as progressive以及接下来给我们提出的让自己的锻炼丰富多彩的建议,可知作者认为为了让锻炼不那么枯燥,我们就要让它多样化,所以答案为A项。3.B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话:If they dont,rest and seek medical advice.可以推断出如果我们进行的锻炼给我们的身体

644、带来持久的疼痛的话,我们就应该停下来休息一下并去看医生,所以答案为B项。4.B主旨要义题。文章首先提出人们对于肥胖和锻炼存在着一些错误认识,然后列举了几个错误观念并加以澄清,所以答案为B项。Passage 54(2014天津,B)A world-famous Canadian author,Margaret Atwood,has created the worlds first long-distance signing device(装置),the LongPen.After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city,Atwood th

645、ought there must be a better way to do them.She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004.Together they designed the LongPen.Heres how it works:The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板)using a special pen.On the receiving end,in another city,

646、a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(网络摄像机)and computer screens.Work on the LongPen began in Atwoods basement(地下室).At first,they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be.The device went through several versions,i

647、ncluding one that actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finally completed,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair.From here,Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City

648、.The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real time.It has several other potential applications.It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province.The video exchange between signer and receiver can

649、be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.“Its really fun,”said the owner of a bookstore,who was present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you cant shake hands with the author,but there are chances for a connection that you dont get from a regular book signing.”The response to the

650、 invention hasnt been all favorable.Atwood has received criticism from authors who think shes trying to end book tours.But she said,“It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldnt afford it.”1.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?A.To set

651、up her own company.B.To win herself greater popularity.C.To write her books in a new way.D.To make book signings less tiring.2.How does the LongPen work?A.It copies the authors signature and prints it on a book.B.It signs a book while receiving the authors signature.C.The webcam sends the authors si

652、gnature to another city.D.The fan uses it to copy the authors signature himself.3.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?A.It has been completed but not put into use.B.The basement caught fire by accident.C.Some versions failed before its test run.D.The designers were well-prepared for t

653、he difficulty.4.How could the LongPen be used in the future?A.To draft legal documents.B.To improve credit card security.C.To keep a record of the authors ideas.D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos.5.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.Atwood doesnt mean to end book tours.B.Crit

654、ics think the LongPen is of little use.C.Bookstore owners dont support the LongPen.D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.答案语篇解读本文是说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术。本文介绍了世界著名的加拿大作者Margaret Atwood设计的远距离签字设备LongPen。1.D推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句可知,经过许多次奔波于不同城市间的令人疲惫的巡回签名售书活动后,Atwood认为一定有一种更好的签售的办法。由此可推测,Atwood决定发明Long

655、Pen的目的就是让这种签售活动稍微轻松一点。故选择D项。2.B推理判断题。由第二段第四、五句可知LongPen的工作原理:作者用一支专用笔在电脑的手写板上写上个人信息和签名,另一个城市的接收方用配备了常规笔的机器手臂在书上签名。故选择B项。3.C推理判断题。由第三段第三句The device went through several versions,including one that actually had smoke coming out of it.可知,LongPen在获得成功之前经历过数次失败。故选择C项。4.B细节理解题。由第四段中It has several other po

656、tential applications.It could increase credit card security and.可知,LongPen还有很多潜在的功能,比如说提高信用卡的安全性。故选择B项。5.A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Atwood所说的内容可推断出,她并没有打算结束她的巡回签名售书活动。故选择A项。Passage 55(2014天津,C)“Dad,”I say one day,“lets take a trip.Why dont you fly out and meet me?”My father had just retired after 27 years as

657、a manager for IBM.His job filled his day,his thoughts,his life.While he woke up and took a warm shower,I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru.While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch,I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.My father sees me drifting aimlessly,nothing to show for m

658、y 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps.He wants me to settle down,but now I want him to find an adventure.He agrees to travel with me through the national parks.We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.“Whats our first stop?”asks my father.“What time is it?”“Still dont have a watch?”Less than

659、an hour away is Mount Rushmore.As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花岗岩),his mouth and eyes open slowly,like those of a little boy.“Unbelievable,”he says.“How was this done?”A film in the information center shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then

660、left the final touches to his son.We stare up and I ask myself,Would I ever devote my life to anything?No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my fathers voice.Now I hear them in my own.The next day were at Yellowstone National Park,where we have a picnic.“Did you ever travel wit

661、h your dad?”I ask.“Only once,”he says.“I never spoke much with my father.We loved each otherbut never said it.Whatever he could give me,he gave.”That last sentenceits probably the same thing Id say about my father.And what Id want my child to say about me.In Glacier National Park,my father says,“Ive

662、 never seen water so blue.”I have,in several places of the world.I can keep traveling,I realizeand maybe a regular job wont be as dull as I feared.Weeks after our trip,I call my father.“The photos from the trip are wonderful,”he says.“Weve got to take another trip like that sometime.”I tell him Ive

663、decided to settle down,and Im wearing a watch.1.We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father.A.followed the fashionB.got bored with his jobC.was unhappy with the authors lifestyleD.liked the authors collection of stamps2.What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?A.His father is interest

664、ed in sculpture.B.His father is as innocent as a little boy.C.He should learn sculpture in the future.D.He should pursue a specific aim in life.3.From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author.A.wants his children to learn from their grandfatherB.comes to understand what parental love mea

665、nsC.learns how to communicate with his fatherD.hopes to give whatever he can to his father4.What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?A.The call solves their disagreements.B.The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.C.They decide to learn photography together.D.The

666、y begin to change their attitudes to life.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Love Nature,Love LifeB.A Son Lost in AdventureC.A Journey with DadD.The Art of Travel答案语篇解读本文讲述了作者和父亲的一次旅行改变了二人对生活的态度。作者从中感悟到了父爱的真谛和做父亲的伟大。1.C推理判断题。根据第二段可知,父亲打他的领带,戴他的名表,而我我行我素,无所事事,百无聊赖地在Ozarks湖上划着小船;第三段最后一句表

667、明:父亲想让我定居下来,而我想让他去冒险。由此可以判断,父亲对我的生活方式不满。故选择C项。2.D推理判断题。从No directions,no goals.I always used to hear those words in my fathers voice.Now I hear them in my own.可以推测出,作者感叹自己应该有个明确的人生目标并去努力追求。故选择D项。3.B推理判断题。画线句子的意思是“那最后一句很可能是我对我的父亲的评价,也是我希望我的孩子评价我的话”。而That last sentence指的是上文中的Whatever he could give me,

668、he gave.由此可推断出画线的句子让作者意识到了父爱的含义。故选择B项。4.D推理判断题。从最后几段中的Weve got to take another trip like that sometime.I tell him Ive decided to settle down,and Im wearing a watch.可以推测出,父子二人对生活的态度都不约而同地发生着改变。故选择D项。5.C主旨要义题。文章开门见山,直接点题。讲述了作者和父亲的一次旅行改变了二人对生活的态度。故选择C项。Passage 56(2014浙江,D)A city childs summer is spent

669、in the street in front of his home,and all through the long summer vacations I sat on the edge of the street and watched enviously the other boys on the block play baseball.I was never asked to take part even when one team had a member missingnot out of special cruelty,but because they took it for g

670、ranted I would be no good at it.They were right,of course.I would never forget the wonderful evening when something changed.The baseball ended about eight or eight thirty when it grew dark.Then it was the custom of the boys to retire to a little stoop(门廊)that stuck out from the candy store on the co

671、rner and that somehow had become theirs.No grownup ever sat there or attempted to.There the boys would sit,mostly talking about the games played during the day and of the game to be played tomorrow.Then long silences would fall and the boys would wander off one by one.It was just after one of those

672、long silences that my life as an outsider changed.I can no longer remember which boy it was that summer evening who broke the silence with a question;but whoever he was,I nod to him gratefully now.“Whats in those books youre always reading?”he asked casually.“Stories,”I answered.“What kind?”asked so

673、mebody else without much interest.Nor do I know what drove me to behave as I did,for usually I just sat there in silence,glad enough to be allowed to remain among them;but instead of answering his question,I told them for two hours the story I was reading at the moment.The book was Sister Carrie.The

674、y listened bug-eyed and breathless.I must have told it well,but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so keen an audience.Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of mans entertainments,but I was offering them as well,without being aware of doing it,

675、a new and exciting experience.The books they themselves read were the Rover Boys or Tom Swift or G.A.Henty.I had read them too,but at thirteen I had long since left them behind.Since I was much alone I had become an enthusiastic reader and I had gone through the books-for-boys-series.In those days t

676、here was no reading material between childrens and grownups books,or I could find none.I had gone right from Tom Swift and His Flying Machine to Theodore Dreiser and Sister Carrie.Dreiser had hit my young mind,and they listened to me tell the story with some of the wonder that I had had in reading i

677、t.The next night and many nights thereafter,a kind of unspoken ritual(仪式)took place.As it grew dark,I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evenings tale.Some nights,in order to taste my victory more completely,I cheated.I would stop at the most exciting part of a story by Jac

678、k London or Bret Harte,and without warning tell them that that was as far as I had gone in the book and it would have to be continued the following evening.It was not true,of course;but I had to make certain of my new-found power and position.I enjoyed the long summer evenings until school began in

679、the fall.Other words of mine have been listened to by larger and more fashionable audiences,but for that tough and athletic one that sat close on the stoop outside the candy store,I have an unreasoning love that will last forever.1.Watching the boys playing baseball, the writer must have felt.A.bitt

680、er and lonelyB.special and differentC.pleased and excitedD.disturbed and annoyed2.The writer feels grateful even now to the boy who asked the question because the boy.A.invited him to join in their gameB.liked the book that he was readingC.broke the long silence of that summer eveningD.offered him a

681、n opportunity that changed his life3.According to Paragraph 3, story-telling was popular among the boys basically because.A.the story was from a childrens bookB.listening to tales was an age-old practiceC.the boys had few entertainments after darkD.the boys didnt read books by themselves4.The boys w

682、ere attracted to Sister Carrie because.A.it was written by Theodore DreiserB.it was specifically targeted at boysC.it gave them a deeper feeling of pleasureD.it talked about the wonders of the world5.Sometimes the writer stopped at the most exciting part of a story to.A.play a mean trick on the boys

683、B.experience more joy of achievementC.add his own imagination to the storyD.help the boys understand the story better6.What is the message conveyed in the story?A.One can find his position in life in his own way.B.Friendship is built upon respect for each other.C.Reading is more important than playi

684、ng games.D.Adult habits are developed from childhood.答案语篇解读这是一篇记叙文,题材为人物故事类。作者讲述了自己在某个夏天的暑假,原本只是那群玩棒球男生的旁观者,却因为一次偶然的邀请,整个夏天的晚上都在给他们讲他看过的书中的故事,而且这一经历改变了作者的一生。1.A推理判断题。由文章第一段内容,即那些孩子从不邀请他一起玩,因为他们认为他球技不行,而作者也苦涩地承认了这一点,故A为正确答案。2.D细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“It was just after one of those long silences that my life a

685、s an outsider changed.”和“but whoever he was,I nod to him gratefully now”以及文章主旨,可以看出D为正确答案。3.B细节理解题。由第三段中的but I think there was another and deeper reason that made them so keen an audience. Listening to a tale being told in the dark is one of the most ancient of mans entertainments可以推出B选项“听故事是一种古老的习俗

686、”为正确选项。4.C推理判断题。文章第四段最后一句提及“他们带着惊叹听我讲故事,就如同我在读这个故事时的那种惊叹一样”,由此可以推出C为正确选项。5.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的.in order to taste my victory more completely,I cheated.I would stop.可以推出B为正确选项。6.A主旨要义题。结合整篇文章尤其是最后一段内容,可以看出这篇文章的主要内容就是讲述自己通过一件偶然的事情,用一种特殊方式吸引了那些孩子。所以A为正确选项。温馨提示1.retire to:to go away to a quiet place离开(去安静的

687、地方)2.outsider n.局外人3.bug-eyed adj.惊得目瞪口呆的,眼睛凸出的4.so keen an audience兴趣十足的听众5.thereafter adv. 此后Passage 57(2013江苏,C)If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumul

688、ate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压)sickness if they surface too fast:whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient

689、sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that t

690、he animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 1

691、50 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecti

692、ng their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosa

693、urs did evolve an anti-decompression means,they clearly did so quicklyand,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced

694、 to escape a predator(捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of th

695、e food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?A.A twisted body.B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.D.A drop in blood

696、pressure.2.The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see.A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsB.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionC.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesD.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones3.Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4.A.confirmed his assumptionB.speeded up his re

697、search processC.disagreed with his assumptionD.changed his research objectives4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs.A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression meansB.gradually developed measures against the bendsC.died out because of large sharks and crocodilesD.evolved an anti-decompres

698、sion means but soon lost it答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识与现代技术。鱼龙是从大陆迁往海洋的爬行动物,有可能因上浮过快而患减压病,是鱼龙失去进化能力了吗?欲知详情,请读堪萨斯大学的布鲁斯罗斯采尔德对鱼龙在一亿五千万年来如何应对减压问题的研究。1.A细节理解题。从文章第二段信息And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs. That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.可知,患有减压病可从骨骼上看出来,故选A。2.B推理判断题。从第

699、三段信息What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.可推测出,布鲁斯罗斯采尔德和他的同事们走遍了世界各地的自然历史博物馆,目的就是为了弄清遨游在大洋中的鱼龙一亿五千万年中是如何应对减压这一问题的。故选B。3.C细节理解题。由第四段可知,在开始研究时假定化石越年轻,有减压病症状的骨骼就会越少,因为它们逐步进化,形成了对抗减压病的机能,然而情况完全相反,这让他非常吃惊。Instead

700、, he was astonished to discover the opposite.就是关键的信息点。故选C。4.A推理判断题。第五段第一句表明:如果鱼龙的确曾进化得到了一种抗减压病的机能,那么这种进化一定会发展很快。但是,最为奇特的是,他们后来却失去了这一机能。因此布鲁斯罗斯采尔德可能得出结论:鱼龙进化没有得到一种抗减压病机能。故选A。Passage 58(2013江苏,D)Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise:the

701、man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor ex

702、ceptions,Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.Again and again,in the postwar years,Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the

703、most controversial,at least today,of Twains novels,Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn,Twains most widely read tale.Once upon a time,people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banne

704、d the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim,the escaped slave,and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim,for which the novel is often severely criticized,never appears in it.)But t

705、he attacks were and are sillyand miss the point.The novel is strongly anti-slavery.Jims search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J.Chadwick has pointed out,the character of Jim was a first in American fictiona recognition that the slave had tw

706、o personalities,“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual:Jim,the father and the man.”There is much more.Twains mystery novel Pudd nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the acce

707、pted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites,especially in intelligence,Twains tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her masters baby and,for fear that the child should be sold South,switched him for the masters baby by his wife.The slaves light-ski

708、nned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class.The masters wifes baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.The point was difficult to miss:nurture(养育),not nature,was the key to social status

709、.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudicemanner of speech,for examplewere,to Twain,indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.Twains racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy,for example,by the lengthy passage in his autobiogra

710、phy(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice su

711、ggest his keen awareness that they did not.Was Twain a racist?Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present,we will find nothing but error.Lincoln,w

712、ho believed the black man the inferior of the white,fought and won a war to free him.And Twain,raised in a slave state,briefly a soldier,and inventor of Jim,may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.1

713、.How do Twains novels on slavery differ from Stowes?A.Twain was more willing to deal with racism.B.Twains attack on racism was much less open.C.Twains themes seemed to agree with plots.D.Twain was openly concerned with racism.2.Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its

714、.A.target readers at the bottom B.anti-slavery attitude C.rather impolite language D.frequent use of “nigger”3.What best proves Twains anti-slavery stand according to the author?A.Jims search for his family was described in detail.B.The slaves voice was first heard in American novels.C.Jim grew up i

715、nto a man and a father in the white culture.D.Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.4.The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that .A.slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters B.slaves babies could pick up slave-holders way of speaking C.blacks social posi

716、tion was shaped by how they were brought up D.blacks were born with certain features of prejudice 5.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?A.The attacks.B.Slavery and prejudice.C.White men.D.The shows.6.What does the author mainly argue for?A.Twain had done more than his contem

717、porary writers to attack racism.B.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.C.Twains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.D.Twains works should be read from a historical point of view.答案语篇解读被誉为美国小说创始人的马克吐温,因为抨击种族歧视、唤起民众良知而深受赞誉。1.B推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知,Stowe的小说正面抨击奴隶制问题。马克吐温则通

718、过故事层面来抨击奴隶制和种族歧视。由此可见马克吐温对种族歧视的抨击不那么公开。故答案为B项。2.D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,小说Adventures of Huckleberry Finn最近引发批评主要是因为nigger(黑鬼)一词出现太频繁了。故答案为D项。3.C推理判断题。根据第四段,美国小说人物Jim是公认的具有双重性格的奴隶:在白人文化氛围中长大,并且为人父。这点与马克吐温的反奴隶立场相似,故答案为C项。4.C推理判断题。根据第六段第一句可知,社会地位的关键是养育的环境,而不是与生俱来的。由此推断,两个婴儿互换的故事主要说明黑人是通过他们被养育的方式来形成其社会地位的。5.

719、D猜测词义题。根据第七段倒数两句可知,没有理由认为马克吐温把这些戏剧看做是代表现实的,而他频繁地抨击奴隶制和偏见表明他清醒的意识,但这些戏剧并无法取代现实。故they指代上文的the shows。6.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,在抨击种族歧视和唤起人们的良知方面,马克吐温比上一世纪的其他小说家做得更多。故选A。Passage 59(2013江西,B)When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure(确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended

720、.The way to achieve this may not be simple.It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.The United Nations Organization(UNO)could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.Here however rises the problem of costs.Also tied with this is time.Perhaps the UNO cou

721、ld set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.A common proverb says,“G

722、ive me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves.For example,a country could share its technology with another.This could be in simple areas like agricul

723、ture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.Even a small country is able to help less developed nations.Sometime what is taken for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries w

724、hich are looking about to solve common problems.It does not cost much to share such simple things.Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site.They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back f

725、rom time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves.Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these course

726、s.Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider.Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies.However,in the long run what is really effective would b

727、e the sharing of knowledge.1.According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time? A.By solving the cost problems.B.By solving the transportation problems.C.By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D.By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.2.What doe

728、s the author try to express in the underlined sentence?A.Providing food is vital.B.Learning to fish is helpful.C.Teaching skills is essential.D.Looking after others is important.3.The second paragraph is developed mainly.A.by exampleB.by processC.by comparisonD.by contrast4.Which aid is likely to fa

729、ll into the wrong hands?A.A medical team.B.An exchange program.C.A water plant.D.Financial support.5.What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A.It is facing difficulties.B.It is unnecessary during normal times.C.It should be given in the form of materials.D.It has gained support fr

730、om developed countries.答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材为社会与热点。本文叙述了联合国组织如何把帮助给真正需要帮助的人,最后得出中心观点。1.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women”可知选C项。2.C推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations.”,可知选C项。Give me a

731、fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.意为:授人以鱼不如授人以渔。3.A推理判断题。通读第二段可知,本段用了几个例子来阐明如何更有效地在正常时期帮助较不发达的国家,如帮助他们种植净化水质的植物,提供医疗帮助,派遣交换生学习先进知识和经验等,故选A项。4.D细节理解题。此题用排除法,根据文章第二段第五句中的“medical and health care”排除A项;根据文章第二段倒数第三句中的“Exchange students”排除B项;根据文章第二段倒数第五句中的“a water purific

732、ation plant”排除C项。5.A推理判断题。根据文章第一段第三句“It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation.”和第五、六句“Here however rises the problem of costs. And tied with this is time.”可知,国际救援遇到了困难。Passage 60(2013江西,D)One might expect that the ever-growing demands of the tourist trade w

733、ould bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday-makers.Indeed,a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere.And every month another rock-bound Pacific island is advertised as thelast paradise(天

734、堂)on earth.However,the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy.In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea-side holidays,over-crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.Thos

735、e countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most.In recent years,Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.Its forests,full of wildlife and rare flowers,were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise.In fact,the nature all too soon f

736、elt the effects of thousands of holiday-makers traveling through the forest land.Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers,with the consequent exploitation of precious trees and plants.Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism.The people as well rapi

737、dly feel its effects.Farmland makes way for hotels,roads and airports;the old way of life goes.The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organization;he is no longer his own master.Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited.No doubt he wonders w

738、hether he wasnt happier in his village working his own land.Thankfully,the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers.The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fac

739、t obtain financial support from tourist companies.At the same time,tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.Their needs and pro

740、blems are more important than those of the tourist companies.Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.If not,in a few years time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.1.What does the author indicate in the las

741、t sentence of Paragraph 1?A.The Pacific island is a paradise.B.The Pacific island is worth visiting.C.The advertisement is not convincing.D.The advertisement is not impressive.2.The example of Nepal is used to suggest.A.its natural resources are untouchedB.its forests are exploited for farmlandC.it

742、develops well in health and educationD.it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists3.What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?A.They are happy to work their own lands.B.They have to please the tourists for a living.C.They have to struggle for their independence.D.They are proud of working

743、in multi-national organizations.4.Which of the following determines the future of tourism?A.The number of tourists.B.The improvement of services.C.The promotion of new products.D.The management of tourism.5.The authors attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is.A.optimisticB.doubtfu

744、lC.objectiveD.negative答案语篇解读本文为议论文,题材是世界和环境类。众所周知旅游业可以给当地经济发展带来无限商机,尤其是一些欠发达国家和地区。但是盲目无序地发展旅游业也会给当地环境带来危害,甚至是致命危害。那我们该怎么平衡旅游业和环保之间的关系呢?1.C推理判断题。第一段中作者描述:每个月都会看到某个地方在建一座新宾馆,每个月都会看到太平洋中的某个小岛打出广告:这儿是世上最后的一处天堂。由作者的语气我们可以推断出这样的广告已经没有什么说服力了,故选C项。2.D推理判断题。第三段作者引用了尼泊尔发展旅游业为例,其初衷是为当地的教育和卫生事业提供资金,但是很快这儿的自然环境就

745、受到了旅游业的影响。现在这个国家正经受着旅游业带来的痛苦,故选D项。3.B推理判断题。根据第四段中的Once it was his back that bore the pain;now it is his smile that is exploited.“过去是他的脊背在承受痛苦,现在是人们开发利用他的微笑”推断出现在他们为了谋生不得不用自己的微笑来取悦游客,故选B项。4.D推理判断题。倒数第二段第二句说,野生生物的保护,国家公园的创建要和旅游业的发展同时进行,又根据倒数第一段第一句,未来十年,如何管理旅游业将决定旅游业的命运和我们要去参观的国家的命运。由此可推断出D项符合题意。5.C推理判

746、断题。综观全文可知作者的态度是客观的。A:乐观的;B:怀疑的;C:客观的;D:消极的。故选C项。长难句The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit.旅游业在未来10年里的运行模式将决定该行业本身的命运,并且也将决定那些我们都想去参观的国家的命运。该句的主语是the way,tourism is handled in the next ten years是定语从句修饰the way。代词that代替的是the

747、fate,we all want to visit也是定语从句,修饰先行词countries。Passage 61(2013课标全国,C)It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obamas Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was,in his words,

748、“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”.However,he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a boo

749、k which they havent.In the World Book Days “Report on Guilty Secrets”,Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books,and various authors,which people have lied about reading,and as Im not one to lie too often(Id hate to be caught out),Ill admit here and now that I havent read the en

750、tire top ten.But I am pleased to say that,unlike 42 percent of people,I have read the book at number one,George Orwells 1984.I think its really brilliant.The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen,Charles Dic

751、kens,Fyodor Dostoevsky(I havent read him,but havent lied about it either)and Herman Melville.Asked why they lied,the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth!But when asked which authors they actually enjoy,people n

752、amed J.K.Rowling,John Grisham,Sophie Kinsella(ah,the big sellers,in other words).Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(Ill come clean:I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so).1.How did

753、 the author find his friend a book liar?A.By judging his manner of speaking.B.By looking into his background.C.By mentioning a famous name.D.By discussing the book itself.2.Which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report?A.Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten l

754、ist.B.42% of people pretended to have read 1984.C.The author admitted having read 9 books.D.Dreams From My Father is hardly read.3.By lying about reading,a person hopes to. A.control the conversationB.appear knowledgeableC.learn about the bookD.make more friends4.What is the authors attitude to 58%

755、of readers?A.Favorable.B.Uncaring.C.Doubtful.D.Friendly.答案语篇解读本文属于夹叙夹议文。题材为文学与艺术。本文讲述了发生在作者身边的趣事。通过与朋友的交谈,作者发现42%的人对有关书籍内容是一知半解,知之甚少;当作者问及读者他们最喜欢哪个作者的时候,作者认为58%的读者根本就没有读过名著,让作者对这部分读者也产生了怀疑。1.D细节理解题。由文章第一段可知,作者和朋友交流奥巴马的父亲之梦时发现,他根本不了解奥巴马的背景,让作者感觉到他的朋友在说谎。由此推测,作者在和朋友讨论父亲之梦时,感觉到朋友就是个book liar。2.B推理判断题。根

756、据第二段信息句But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwells 1984.及第三段内容可知,42%的人其实假装自己看了乔治奥威尔的一九八四这本书。故选B项。3.B细节理解题。由文章第三段The World Book Day.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens.及第四段内容可知,许多人撒谎看了许多名著,实际就是为了

757、炫耀自己读书之多、知识丰富。I havent read him,but havent lied about it either从侧面就折射出作者说话的意图。4.C推理判断题。由文章最后一段特别是astonished可得知,作者对58%的人也产生了怀疑。故选C。高级词块have no idea of不知道catch sb. out抓住某人的短处长难句Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to.当被问及他们为什么撒谎时,最常见的原因是为了给与之谈话的人留下深刻的

758、印象。asked.为过去分词短语作状语,they were speaking to为定语从句,修饰someone。Passage 62(2013辽宁,C)Here is an astonishing and significant fact:Mental work alone cant make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)

759、.To the amazement of these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all!If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素)and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein

760、,it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.So far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes f

761、rom our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes.One of Englands most outstanding scientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”Dr.Brill,a famous American scientist,goes even further.He declares,“On

762、e hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!A feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting wo

763、rkers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.1.What surprised the scientists a few years ago?A.Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.B.Albert Einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.C.The brain could work

764、for many hours without fatigue.D.A mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.2.According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?A.Challenging mental work.B.Unpleasant emotions.C.Endless tasks.D.Physical labor.3.Whats the authors attitude towards the scientists

765、 ideas?A.He agrees with them.B.He doubts them.C.He argues against them.D.He hesitates to accept them.4.We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to.A.have some good foodB.enjoy their workC.exercise regularlyD.discover fatigue toxins答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为科学发现,主要介绍一项

766、惊人发现:脑力工作本身不会使人感到疲劳。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段中“To the amazement of these.shows no fatigue at all!”可知让科学家惊讶的是大脑工作时不会显示出疲劳,故选C项。2.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话可知导致我们疲劳的主要是不良的情绪,故选B项。3.A推理判断题。结合全文尤其是文章第一句话可知作者对这一新的科学发现虽然感到震惊但又认为它是一个具有重要意义的事实,故选A项。4.B推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知导致坐着工作的人们疲劳的主要原因是不良的情绪,因此要想保持活力必须保持愉悦的心情,故选B项。长难句To the amaze

767、ment of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all!让这些科学家们惊讶的是,他们发现当大脑思维活跃的时候,流经大脑的血液根本没有显现疲劳的迹象!句中that引导的从句作discovered的宾语;在宾语从句中,现在分词短语passing through the brain作blood的后置定语,when引导时间状语从句。Passage 63(2013山东,C)You cant always predic

768、t a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesnt think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet.Thats why he created Lampbrella,a lamp post with its own rain-sensing umbrella.The designer says he came up with the id

769、ea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once,I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞篷) built into a street lamp,”he said.The Lampbrella is a standar

770、d-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器) then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor,theres also a 360 motion sensor on the

771、fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer,the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed,so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides,it would be grounded to protect from

772、 possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed (安装) at 2 metres off the ground,it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production,Belyaev says he recently introduced his cr

773、eation to one Moscow Department,and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.1.For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A.To predict a heavy rain.B.To check the weather forecast.C.To protect people from th

774、e rain.D.To remind people to take an umbrella.2.What do we know from Belyaevs words in Paragraph 2?A.His creation was inspired by an experience.B.It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C.Street lamps are protected by canopies.D.He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.3.Which of the following sho

775、ws how the Lampbrella works?A.motorcanopysensorsB.sensorsmotorcanopyC.motorsensorscanopyD.canopymotorsensors4.What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A.Its moving speed.B.Its appearance.C.Its installation.D.Its safety.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The designer wi

776、ll open a company to promote his product.B.The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材是发明与现代技术类。走在大街上突遇大雨而又没有带雨具该怎么办?一位有心人在圣彼得堡街头的一次经历让他产生了一种发明的想法:灯杆伞篷。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段内

777、容可知他设计这种雨伞的目的就是为了保护行人免受雨淋之苦,故选C项。2.A推理判断题。第二段提到一次在圣彼得堡街头路灯照耀下他看到很多人试图避雨,于是就产生了设计这种雨伞的想法。由此推断出他的发明创造来自一次经历,故选A项。3.B细节理解题。根据第三段中对灯杆伞篷的工作原理的描述可知B项正确。4.D主旨要义题。第五段主要是告诉我们灯杆伞篷是很安全的,故选D项。A项是该段的一个细节;该段没有提及它的外表样子,排除B项;C项“它的安装”,也是一个细节。5.C推理判断题。最后一段中说他坚持认为自己设计的这种雨伞可以在任何行人多但没有伞篷提供保护的街道上安装,由此推断出他认为自己的设计非常实用,故选C项

778、。长难句While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.尽管现在还没有计划将这种灯杆伞篷投入生产,但Bely

779、aev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了莫斯科的一个部门,并坚持认为他的发明能够安装在任何行人很多但没有伞篷提供保护的街道上。这里while引导的是一个让步状语从句,while=although尽管、虽然。主句的主语Belyaev有两个并列谓语动词says和insists。其中where引导的定语从句修饰先行词street。Passage 64(2013陕西,D)About 30 years ago,I left Cuba for the United States with my son.After getting settled finally in Brunswick,New Jersey,I

780、enrolled(注册)my son in kindergarten.Several weeks later,my sons teacher asked me to meet him at his office.In the teachers office,an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions:“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)?Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?”Was he talking about my wonde

781、rful Scola?No,no,it cant be.What a helpless,lonely moment!I told him that Scola was a quiet,sweet little boy,instead.I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.My son could not follow the teachers directions,he told me,and thus,Scola was disrupting the class.Didnt he know my son did not sp

782、eak English yet?He was angry:“Why hasnt your son been taught to speak English?Dont you speak English at home?”No,I didnt speak English at home,I replied.I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months,and I didnt want him to forget his native language.Well,wrong answer!What kind of perso

783、n would not speak in English to her son at home and at all times?“Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country,never wanting to be a part of this society?”Needless to say,I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people”.Then he told me t

784、he meeting was over,and I left.As I had expected,my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job,earning close to six figures.He travels widely and leads a well-adjusted,contented life.And he has benefited from being bilingua

785、l(双语的).Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others;it teaches people about other cultures and other placessomething very basic and obviously lacking in the“educator”I met in New Jersey.1.The teacher asked the author to his office.A.to discuss Scolas in-class performanceB

786、.to get Scola enrolled in kindergartenC.to find a language partner for ScolaD.to work out a study plan for Scola2.What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Breaking.B.Following.C.Attending.D.Disturbing.3.The authors attitude towards being bilingual may best be describ

787、ed as.A.criticalB.casualC.positiveD.passive4.This text is likely to be selected from a book of.A.medicineB.educationC.geographyD.history答案语篇解读作者的儿子因不会说英语而被老师认为是弱智,老师因此把作者叫到了学校。作者以积极的态度应对,正如作者所期望的,儿子学会了一口流利的英语,大学毕业后儿子的职业生涯获得了极大成功。1.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话可知答案。2.D猜测词义题。由于作者的儿子不会说英语,所以跟不上老师的课堂指令,这会扰乱课堂秩序。A:打破

788、,使碎裂;B:跟随,遵循;C:参加,出席;D:妨碍,打扰。3.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“作者的儿子正如作者所期望的那样学会了说一口流利的英语”可知,作者鼓励孩子努力学习英语,对于双语学习持有积极的态度。4.B推理判断题。通过整篇文章的大意可知它是关于学校教育问题的,最有可能选自教育方面的书籍。长难句I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months,and I didnt want him to forget his native language.我确信我儿子在几个月里会学会英语,而且我不想让他忘记母语。本句是并列句。a

789、nd连接两个并列分句;第一个分句中是I am/was sure(that).结构。Passage 65(2013四川,D)Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧).Its fun to come home.It looks the same.It smells the same.Youll realize whats changed is you.Home is where we can remember pain,love,and some other experiences:We parted here;My pa

790、rents met here;I won three championships here.If I close my eyes,I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table.To the right of the living room is my first bedroom.Its empty,but its where my earliest memories

791、 are.There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays,and where I cried on Halloweenwhen I didnt want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong.If I sit at this table,I can see my favorite room in the house,my par

792、ents room.It is simple:a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side.Their bed is my safe zone.I can jump on it anytimewaking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait unt

793、il the morning.Im lucky because I know my first home still exists.It exists in my mind and heart,on a physical property (住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles.It is proof I lived,I grew,and I learned.Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,and I go home.I know its

794、where Ill find my family,my dogs,and my belongings.I purposely leave the window open at night because I know Ill be blamed by Mom.But I dont mind,because I want to hear her say my name,which reminds me Im home.1.Why does the author call her parents bed her“safe zone”(Paragraph 3)?A.It is her favorit

795、e place to play.B.Her needs can be satisfied there.C.Her grandparents photos are lined on each side.D.Her parents always play together with her there.2.What can be learned from the passage?A.The old furniture is still in the authors first bedroom.B.The author can still visit her first physical home

796、in Los Angeles.C.The authors favorite room in her first home is the dining room.D.Many people of the authors age can still find their first physical homes.3.Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will.A.open the window at nightB.lie down in bed to have a dreamC.try to bring back a sense of homeD.

797、go to Los Angeles to visit her mom4.What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?A.To express how much she is attached to her home.B.To declare how much she loves her first house.C.To describe the state of her family.D.To look back on her childhood.答案语篇解读文章讲述了作者对家的感受,尤其是对自己第一个家的感怀。1.B推理判断题。根据

798、文章第三段最后一句可知作者在父母的床上能做很多事情,故选B项“她的需要能在父母的床上得到满足”。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段中Its empty可知A项错误;根据第三段中I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents room可知C项错误。D项文章没提。根据倒数第二段第一句Im lucky because I know my first home still exists.可推断出选B。3.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句Sometimes when I feel lost,I lie down and shut my eyes,an

799、d I go home.可以推断出作者迷茫的时候总是努力找回家的感觉,故选C。4.A推理判断题。全文处处体现出作者对家的依恋。Passage 66(2013天津,D)When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary,an absolute delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting

800、a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly its conditional on such things as excitement,love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that br

801、ing deep joylove,marriage,birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的).My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends

802、,the freedom to live where we please,and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed

803、 their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I dont think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied he

804、r.We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned happiness into one more thing weve got to have.Were so self-conscious about our“right”to it that its making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who h

805、ave those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to us.Its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.Its not wishing for what we dont have,but enjoying what we do possess.1.As people grow older, they.A.feel it harder

806、to experience happinessB.associate their happiness less with othersC.will take fewer risks in pursuing happinessD.tend to believe responsibility means happiness2.What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.She cares little about her own health.B.She enjoys the freedom of traveling.C

807、.She is easily pleased by things in daily life.D.She prefers getting pleasure from housework.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.B.Psychologists opinion is well proved by Grandmas case.C.Grandma often found time for social gatherings.D.Gr

808、andmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.4.People who equal happiness with wealth and success.A.consider pressure something blocking their wayB.stress their right to happiness too muchC.are at a loss to make correct choicesD.are more likely to be happy5.What can be concluded from the p

809、assage?A.Happiness lies between the positive and the negative.B.Each man is the master of his own fate.C.Success leads to happiness.D.Happy is he who is content.答案语篇解读文章介绍了随着我们年龄的增加和对成功追求压力的加大,我们逐渐忽略了身边快乐的存在。在生活中容易满足的人会更快乐。1.A细节理解题。由第一段的.which seems to get rarer the older we get.可知,我们年龄越大,快乐似乎就会越少。故

810、选A项。2.C推理判断题。第五段主要讲了作者对快乐的理解:我们越享受我们所拥有的,我们就会越快乐。第六段主要讲了作者的一次经历,孩子和丈夫的吵闹声也让作者感受到了快乐。所以从这两段我们可以得知作者很容易从日常生活中感到快乐。故选C项。3.D推理判断题。本段心理学家认为快乐的来源是有可以享受的休闲时间和令人满意的工作。而作者的奶奶对于心理学家认为的快乐来源都没有,但是有自己的朋友和亲人,这或许是让奶奶满意也是快乐的事情。故选D项(奶奶的快乐来自对生活适度的期盼。)。4.B推理判断题。第八段告诉我们:在每个领域我们有太多的选择和追求成功的压力,我们已经把快乐变成了另外一个东西,甚至把它等同于财富和

811、成功,但是我们没有注意到其实拥有财富和成功的人不一定更快乐。故选B项。5.D推理判断题。本篇文章的中心段是最后一段。在最后一段作者指出我们的快乐不是去期望我们没有得到的东西,而是要享受我们所拥有的。故选D项。长难句When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.当我们被问及快乐的时候,我们经常会想到一些不同寻常的东西,一种完全的愉悦,而这种快乐随着我们年龄的增大似乎变得越来

812、越少了。When(we are)asked about happiness,相当于一个由when引导的省略了主语和系动词be的时间状语从句;an absolute delight是前面something extraordinary的同位语;which引导的是一个非限制定语从句,先行词是something extraordinary,在定语从句中作主语。Passage 67(2013浙江,D)In 1974,after filling out fifty applications,going through four interviews,and winning one offer,I took

813、 what I could geta teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area:western New Jersey.My characteristic optimism was alive only when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteenteaching English.School started,but I felt more and more as if I were in a fo

814、reign country.Was this rural area really New Jersey?My students took a week off when hunting season began.I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms.I was a young woman from New York City,who thought that“Make hay while the sun shines”just

815、 meant to have a good time.But,still,I was teaching English.I worked hard,taking time off only to eat and sleep.And then there was my sixth-grade classseventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me.I had a problem long before I knew it.I was struggling in my work as a young id

816、ealistic teacher.I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.So I did,confident that,as the t

817、extbook had said,the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention.It sounds reasonable,but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans,particularly teenagers,rarely seem reasonable.By the time my boss,who was also my taskmaster,known to be the strictest,most demanding,mo

818、st quick to fire inexperienced teachers,came into the classroom to observe me,the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.My boss sat in the back of the room.The boys in the class were making animal noises,hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.I just p

819、retended it all wasnt happening,and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.My boss,sitting in the back of the room,seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.After twenty minutes he left,silently.Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.I felt mildly victorious that I got thro

820、ugh the rest of class without crying,but at my next free period I had to face him.I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.I walked to his office,took a deep breath,and opened the door.He was sitting in his chair,and he looked at me long and hard.I said nothing.All I could think of was that

821、I was not an English teacher;I had been lying to myself,pretending that everything was fine.When he spoke,he said simply,without accusation,“You had nothing to say to them.”“You had nothing to say to them,”he repeated.“No wonder theyre bored.Why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking

822、 about symbolism.Talk with them,not at them.And more important,why do you ignore their bad behavior?”We talked.He named my problems and offered solutions.We role-played.He was the bad student,and I was the forceful,yet,warm,teacher.As the year progressed,we spent many hours discussing literature and

823、 ideas about human beings and their motivations.He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.In short,he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emersons words:“The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”Fifteen years later I still drive that same winding road to the sa

824、me school.Thanks to the help I received that difficult first year,the school is my home now.1.It can be inferred from the story that in 1974.A.the writer became an optimistic personB.the writer was very happy about her new jobC.it was rather difficult to get a job in the USAD.it was easy to get a te

825、aching job in New Jersey2.According to the passage, which of the following is most probably the writers problem as a new teacher?A.She had blind trust in what she learnt at college.B.She didnt ask experienced teachers for advice.C.She took too much time off to eat and sleep.D.She didnt like teaching

826、 English literature.3.What is the writers biggest worry after her taskmasters observation of her class?A.She might lose her teaching job.B.She might lose her students respect.C.She couldnt teach the same class any more.D.She couldnt ignore her students bad behavior any more.4.Which of the following

827、gives the writer a sense of mild victory?A.Her talk about symbolism sounded convincing.B.Her students behaved a little better than usual.C.She managed to finish the class without crying.D.She was invited for a talk by her boss after class.5.The students behaved badly in the writers classes because.A

828、.they were eager to embarrass herB.she didnt really understand themC.they didnt regard her as a good teacherD.she didnt have a good command of English6.The taskmasters attitude towards the writer after his observation of her class can be best described as.A.cruel but encouragingB.fierce but forgivin

829、gC.sincere and supportiveD.angry and aggressive答案语篇解读这是一篇记叙文,题材为工作生活。作者讲述了自己大学毕业后找到理想的教师职业,然而发现教学并不是书本中所讲的那么容易。后来在领导的帮助下,作者从一个不懂教学艺术的新老师成长为一名不仅有着较深文学造诣而且更懂得教育真谛并深爱自己事业的好老师。1.C推理判断题。从第一段“.after filling out fifty applications.I took what I could geta teaching job at.a distant wild area”,可以看出作者付出巨大努力才找

830、到一份地处偏远的工作,可见当时工作不好找。故C项正确。2.A细节理解题。作者只有在学校学习的知识,而没有实际工作的经验,尤其是对当地的情况很不了解,对所教学生的情况和他们的需求也不了解,所以教学工作无法开展,故选A。3.A细节理解题。根据第五段“Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes”可知作者此时预见到了被解雇的可能性,这也正是作者所担心的。因而A项正确。4.C细节理解题。由第六段第一句可知C项正确。5.B推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段可知作者之前只是停留在教学的形式上,而不知道教育的真谛所在。从而得知作者之前不懂学生。故B项正确。6.C推

831、理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三、四段的内容可知当时学监诚恳地面对作者,又耐心地指出作者的问题所在并提供解决办法。Passage 68(2013重庆,A)The morning had been a disaster.My tooth was aching,and Id been in an argument with a friend.Her words still hurt:“The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.Cant you see things from my point of view?”I s

832、hook my head stubbornlyand felt the ache in my tooth.Id thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday,but the pain was really unbearable.I started calling the dentists in the phone book,but no one could see me immediately.Finally,at about lunchtime,I got lucky.“If you come by right

833、 now,”the receptionist said,“the dentist will fit you in.”I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car.But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist.What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?Why wasnt he as busy as the others?In the dentists office,I sat down an

834、d looked around.I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even more worried.The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.When I told her my fears,she laughed and said,“Dont worry.The dentist is very good.”“How long do I have to wait for him?”I asked impatien

835、tly.“Come on,he is coming.Just lie down and relax.And enjoy the artwork,”the assistant said.“The artwork?”I was puzzled.The chair went back.Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.How considerate the dentist was!At that moment,I began to understand

836、 what my friend meant by her words.What a relief!1.Which of the following best describes the authors feeling that morning?A.Cheerful.B.Nervous.C.Satisfied.D.Upset.2.What made the author begin to doubt about the dentist?A.The dentists agreeing to treat her at very short notice.B.The dentists being as

837、 busy as the other dentists.C.The surroundings of the dentists office.D.The laughing assistant of the dentist.3.Why did the author suddenly smile?A.Because the dentist came at last.B.Because she saw a picture on the ceiling.C.Because she could relax in the chair.D.Because the assistant kept comforti

838、ng her.4.What did the author learn from her experience most probably?A.Strike while the iron is hot.B.Have a good word for ones friend.C.Put oneself in others shoes.D.A friend in need is a friend indeed.答案语篇解读文章通过讲述“我”看牙医的一次经历,揭示了在解决问题时要学会换位思考的道理。1.D推理判断题。第一段中讲到早上“我”不但和朋友发生了争吵而且牙齿疼痛难忍,由这些描述可推断当时“我”很

839、烦躁,故选D项。cheerful快活的,兴高采烈的,高兴的;nervous紧张的;satisfied满意的;upset烦乱的,不高兴的。2.A细节理解题。根据第三段中“What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice?”可知选A项。3.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Suddenly I smiled.There was a beautiful picture,right where I could enjoy it:on the ceiling.”可知答案为B项。4.C推理判断题。牙医站在

840、患者的角度在天花板上粘贴图画这一事件让“我”开始明白了朋友所说的“The trouble with you is that you wont put yourself in my place.Cant you see things from my point of view?”这一句话的内涵:换位思考,故选C项。A:趁热打铁;D:患难见真情。Passage 69(2013重庆,C)Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented

841、 or what it was used for.We do know,however,that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia.It is over 5,100 years old.Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didnt become popular for a while,though.This could be because

842、animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.But it could also be because of a difficult situation.While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces werent going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.Eventually,road surfaces

843、 did become smoother,but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.In the mid-1700s,a Frenchman came up with a new design of roada base layer(层)of large stones covered with a

844、thin layer of smaller stones.A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality.At around the same time,metal hubs(the central part of a wheel)came into being,followed by the pneumatic tyre(充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967,sixty years a

845、fter the appearance of tarmacked roads(柏油路).As wheel design took off,vehicles got faster and faster.1.What might explain why transport wheels didnt become popular for some time?A.Few knew how to use transport wheels.B.Humans carried farming tools just as well.C.Animals were a good means of transport

846、.D.The existence of transport wheels was not known.2.What do we know about road design from the passage?A.It was easier than wheel design.B.It improved after big changes in vehicle design.C.It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.D.It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.3.How is the last

847、 paragraph mainly developed?A.By giving examples.B.By making comparisons.C.By following time order.D.By making classifications.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.The beginning of road design.B.The development of transport wheels.C.The history of public transport.D.The invention of fast-moving vehi

848、cles.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类,主要介绍了车轮的历史演变。1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中最后一句话可知大概由于动物当时能很好地运输农具和人,车轮在一段时间内并不流行,故选C项。2.D推理判断题。第三段最后一句话提到在现代道路设计出现之前,车轮及车辆设计没有发生重大的变化,第四段中又提到在坚固和耐用的路面出现之后不久充气轮胎就诞生了。由此可推断路况的改善是车轮设计发展的先决条件,故选D项。3.C推理判断题。根据In the mid-1700s,in the 1820s,At around the same time,followed by.in 1846,in 1967,s

849、ixty years after可知最后一段主要以时间顺序展开写作,故选C项。 4.B主旨要义题。文章第一段介绍了车轮的诞生,接下来介绍了车轮的发展,故选B项。Passage 70(2012课标全国,C)About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene.Although our“act”would last only for a short time,we could see quite a number of

850、 interesting things.We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon,bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position.The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to

851、speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio,it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon the trees were covered in“snow”.Two more fans were turne

852、d on,and a“strong wind”blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.The next scene was a complete contrast(对比).The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and actress stood in front of the sce

853、ne so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island.By a simple trick like this,palm trees,sandy beaches,and blue,clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn next,we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a full three minutes in our live

854、s we would be experiencing the excitement of being film“stars”!1.Who is the author?A.A cameraman.B.A film director.C.A crowd-scene actor.D.A workman for scene setting.2.What made the author feel cold?A.The heavy snowfall.B.The man-made scene.C.The low temperature.D.The film being shown.3.What would

855、happen in the“three minutes”mentioned in the last paragraph?A.A new scene would be filmed.B.More stars would act in the film.C.The author would leave the studio.D.The next scene would be prepared.答案语篇解读作者和其他19个人有幸作为群众演员参加电影拍摄,文章记叙了作者的所见所闻。1.C细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话可知,作者和其他19个人是群众演员。2.B推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知,为了拍摄设

856、置了一些人造的场景,这些场景非常逼真,由本段最后一句话可以得出使作者感到很冷的是这些人造场景。3.A推理判断题。第二段和第三段分别叙述了两个不同的场景,最后一段提到现在轮到作者他们了,由此可知,一个新的场景即将开始拍摄。长难句1.About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film?studio to take part in a crowd?scene.我们大约二十个人很幸运地受到了邀请到一个电影摄影棚去参加一个群众演员场景的拍摄。本句含有enough.to do的结构,表示“足够的,以至于

857、”的含义;动词不定式to receive invitations to a film?studio表结果,而另外的一个动词不定式to take part in a crowd?scene表目的。2.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him,and soon the trees were covered in“snow”.Two more fans were turned on,and a“strong wind”blew through the trees.一台大风扇从他上面吹出细小的白色羽毛,不久,这些树就被“雪”所覆盖;

858、另外的两个风扇也被打开,一阵强烈的风吹过这些树。两个and都连接并列句,表示时间上的承接关系;这两句话形象地描绘了拍电影时“人造场景”的过程。3.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film“stars”!在接下来的三分钟的时间里,我们将会体验到成为电影明星的兴奋。谓语would be experiencing采用了过去将来进行时态的用法,表示“按照计划在将来的某个时间点或时间段正在发生的动作”。4.We all stood at the far end o

859、f the studio as workmen prepared the scene,setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.当工作人员在准备场景,在弯曲的小路边栽树时,我们都站在远处。as workmen prepared the scene是一个时间状语从句,as相当于when;setting up trees at the edge of a winding path是现在分词短语作伴随状语,补充说明workmen的行为。5.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island.一个男演员和女演员站在场景的前面,这样他们看起来就像站在一个小岛的海岸上。as if引导的从句常常采用虚拟语气。当从句与现在事实相反时,从句一般用过去时,be的过去式通常用were;当从句与过去事实相反时,从句一般用过去完成时。