2023年高考英语一轮复习 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS课件 新人教版必修第一册.pptx

1、必 修 第 一 册UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS英 语2023高 考 总 复 习 优 化 设 计GAO KAO ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内 容 索 引背主题词汇 积写作素材通词句 基础自测提能力 增分课堂研真题 链接高考测效果 课堂评价背主题词汇 积写作素材主题:灾害防范单词一、自然灾害1.hit v.碰撞;撞击;打击2.severe adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的3.situation n.形势;局面;处境4.attack v.攻击;袭击5.shortage n.缺乏;不足6.shake vi.摇动;震动7.cause vt.引起n.原因8.inj

2、ury n.伤害9.deadly adj.致命的10.last vi.持续二、人们表现1.hopeless adj.无助的;绝望的2.threaten v.威胁3.terrify vt.使感到恐怖;恐吓4.panic n.&v.惊慌5.noisy adj.喧闹的;嘈杂的6.positive adj.积极的7.concern n.&v.担心;关心8.provide vt.提供9.organise vt.组织10.support n.&vt.支持三、预报防范1.unite v.团结;联合2.predict vt.预报;预言;预告3.responsibility n.责任;负责;义务4.uncert

3、ain adj.不确定的5.recover v.痊愈;恢复6.exist vi.存在;生存7.improvement n.改进,改善8.safety n.安全9.prevent vt.预防10.possible adj.可能的词块1.volcanic eruption火山喷发2.first aid kit 急救箱3.in times of 在的时候4.stay positive 保持积极的态度5.rescue team 救援队6.drinking water饮用水7.donate.to.向捐赠8.stricken area 受灾地区9.economic losses 经济损失e to ones

4、 rescue 前来救某人11.put up shelters搭建避难所12.rebuild ones home 重建家园13.take on a new look 呈现新面貌14.earthquake relief 抗震救灾15.win praise赢得赞扬16.in the revival of 在的恢复中通词句 基础自测教材单词必背写作词汇1.n.洪水;大量vi.淹没;大量涌入vt.使灌满水;淹没2.n.&vt.营救;救援3.vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失4.vt.摧毁;毁灭5.vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动floodrescuedamagedestroyaffect6.n.避难处;

5、居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)7.n.气体;燃气;汽油8.n.&vt.破坏;毁坏9.vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱10.vt.埋葬;安葬11.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力12.n.智慧;才智sheltergasruintrapburyeffortwisdom13.n.上下文;语境;背景14.n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品vt.供应;供给15.n.突发事件;紧急情况16.adj.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静;使镇静17.n.援助;帮助;救援物资vi.&vt.帮助;援助18.vt.&vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车;碰撞contextsupplyemergencycalma

6、idcrash19.vt.&vi.打扫;清扫20.n.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.挥手;招手21.vi.&vt.侵袭;突击;击打n.罢工;罢课;袭击22.n.总结;概括;概要sweepwavestrikesummary识记阅读词汇1.disaster n.2.tornado n.3.drought n.4.landslide n.5.slide vi.&vt.6.tsunami n.7.magnitude n.灾难;灾害 龙卷风;旋风 旱灾;久旱(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡(使)滑行;滑动 海啸(地)震级;重大 8.evacuate vt.vi.9.helicopter n.10.crack n.v

7、i.&vt.11.percent n.adj.&adv.12.brick n.13.metal n.14.electricity n.疏散;撤出 撤离直升机 裂纹;裂缝(使)破裂 百分之每一百中 砖;砖块 金属 电;电能 15.unify vi.&vt.16.volcano n.17.erupt vi.&vt.18.typhoon n.19.hurricane n.20.tap vi.&vt.n.21.pipe n.统一;(使)成一体 火山 (火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出 台风(尤指西大西洋的)飓风 轻叩;轻敲;轻拍 水龙头;轻叩;轻敲管子;管道 22.whistle vi.vt.n.23.

8、kit n.吹口哨;发出笛声 吹口哨哨子(声);呼啸声 成套工具;成套设备构织连脉词汇1.n.死;死亡vi.死亡adj.濒临死亡的2.n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊 adj.感到震惊的;震撼的adj.令人震惊的3.vi.&vt.呼吸n.呼吸adj.气喘吁吁的;上气不接下气的4.vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒n.振兴;复苏5.vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦n.苦难;痛苦deathdiedyingshockshockedshockingbreathebreathbreathlessreviverevivalsuffersuffering6.vi.生存;存活 v

9、t.幸存;艰难度过n.幸存者;生还者n.幸存;生存7.n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力adj.强大的,强有力的adj.无力的;没有能力的8.vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表n.投递;递送9.n.影响;结果;效果adj.有效的;生效的10.n.长;长度adj.长的survivesurvivorsurvivalpowerpowerfulpowerlessdeliverdeliveryeffecteffectivelengthlong常用短语1.严重受损;破败不堪2.震惊;吃惊3.露天;在户外4.遭受5.处境危险6.现有(尤指帮助)in ruinsin shockin the open airs

10、uffer fromin dangeron hand7.sweep e to an end9.as usual10.the number of消灭;彻底消除 结束像往常一样 的数量重点句型1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】too+形容词+to.“太而不能”2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】as if.“似乎/好像”鸡甚至猪都紧张得吃不下东西

11、,狗也不愿意进圈舍里去。仿佛世界末日即将来临!3.The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 peoplein Indonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,and at least four other countries.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】现在分词短语作结果状语过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸,造成印度尼

12、西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6,500多人死亡。4.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.【尝试翻译】【考点凝练】be doing sth when.“正在做某事,这时”5.However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult todeliver food and supplies.【考点凝练】make it+adj.+to do【尝试翻译】我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐

13、,这时海水开始灌进家里。然而,危险的状况以及受损的道路将会使得运送食物和物资变得困难。单元词句小测.单词小测1.The old man went through a lot of in the old days.Whats worse,he from a heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)2.We were at the news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)3.Luckily,I the terrible car crash last week and I was the onl

14、y of the accident.(survive)sufferingssufferedshockedshockingsurvivedsurvivor4.Yesterday,I climbed the mountain to fresh air.Although I when I was on the top,the of fresh air was worth it.(breath)5.In order to find more ways to protect the environment and help all of us avoid waste,we called on the g

15、overnment to put the law into.(effect)breathebreathlessbreatheffectiveeffect.短语小测A great earthquake struck the city and everyone was 1.(震惊).2.(的数目)the buildings that lay 3._(严重受损)was ninety.Many people were trapped at home and 4._(遭受)sufferings.There was neither electricity nor water.The government

16、immediately spared no effort to evacuate people and take the trapped survivors to shelters 5.(露天).Some doctors ran around with first aid kits 6.(现有).Many tents were put up.in shockThe number ofin ruinssuffered fromin the open airon hand.句型小测高考情境仿写1.我太焦虑,每天直到很晚才能睡着。(too.to.)Every day until late into

17、the night.2.童年的一切一下子涌入我的脑海,仿佛刚刚发生似的。(as if)Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind.3.大火持续了三天,给当地的居民造成了巨大的损失。(现在分词短语作状语)The fire lasted for 3 days,.I was too anxious to fall asleepas if it had just happenedcausing great damage to the locals4.我正在一个十字路口等绿灯,这时一个大约十岁的小女孩被一辆过往的汽车撞倒了。(be doing sth

18、when)I a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.5.但是天开始黑了,这使得我们更难找到回家的路。(make it+adj.+to do)However,it was getting dark,.was waiting for the green light at a crossing whenmaking it more difficult to find our way home提能力 增分课堂核心词汇突破1.damage vt.损害;破坏n.损害;损失【练会】单句填空After he retired,the old

19、man did all he could to protect the old temple from(damage).The accident caused some damage my car,but its nothing serious.being damagedto【写美】一句多译背诵众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。As we all know,smoking can.(damage n.)It is well known that smoking can.(damage vt.)do/cause damage to our healthdamage our health【归纳】(1

20、)be badly/seriously damaged严重受损be slightly damaged轻微受损damage ones health损害某人的健康(2)do/cause damage to.对造成损害/破坏brain/liver damage脑损伤/肝损伤serious/minor damage严重的/轻微的损伤2.affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动【练会】单句填空The flood(affect)the area greatly,destroying houses and causing many deaths.Affected a high fever,he co

21、ntinued with his work.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have an effect you most deeply.affectedwithon/upon【写美】句式升级背诵We were deeply affected by the film and couldnt hold back tears.,we couldnt hold back tears.(用过去分词作状语改写)Deeply affected by the film【归纳】(1)be affected by受的影响;被感动be aff

22、ected with感染疾病(2)effect n.影响;结果;效果have an effect/influence on/upon对产生影响(3)affection n.喜爱【佳句】I feel much affection for my mum,whose words and actions have apositive effect on me.我深爱我的妈妈,她的言行对我有积极的影响。3.ruin n.&vt.破坏;毁坏【练会】单句填空With time going on,the castle which once was very beautiful is now completel

23、y ruins.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _(reduce)to ruins,the city took on a new look.【写美】句式升级背诵He made a mistake,which ruined his chance of going abroad.(用现在分词作状语改写)He made a mistake,.inbeing reducedruining his chance of going abroad【归纳】(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruin

24、s 沦为废墟(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途【佳句】You cant change the past,but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.你改变不了过去,但如果你忧虑未来,将会毁了现在。4.shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克vt.(使)震惊【练会】单句填空Looking at the house which lay in ruins shock,he called 911 immediately to res

25、cue the injured people who were trapped.The survivors lay on the beach,exhausted and(shock).His not passing the final exam was great shock to his parents.I was shocked(hear)that our factory would have to close.inshockedato hear【写美】一句多译背诵这一消息令公众震惊,引起了人们对学生在校安全的极大关注。The news,leading to great concern a

26、bout students safety at school.(shocked adj.)The news,leading to great concern about students safety at school.(shock vt.)made the public shockedshocked the public【归纳】(1)be a shock to.对而言是一件震惊的事in shock吃惊地,震惊地(2)shocked adj.感到震惊的be shocked at sth/that.对感到震惊be shocked to do sth因做某事而感到震惊(3)shocking ad

27、j.令人震惊的【佳句】They have made amazing achievements in the past few years,shocking many people.他们在过去的几年里取得了惊人的成就,令许多人震惊。5.trap vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱【练会】单句填空A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.If you choose this way,youre likely to fall/walk into tr

28、ap.【写美】句式升级背诵Though she was trapped in the ruins,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.,the girl still wore a smile,waiting to be rescued.(用过去分词作状语改写)had been trappedaTrapped in the ruins【归纳】(1)fall/walk into a trap落入圈套lay/set a trap for.为设下圈套fall into the trap of doing sth落入做某事的陷阱(2)be

29、trapped in.陷入trap sb into doing sth诱使某人做某事6.bury vt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心【练会】单句填空After the volcanic eruption,many houses(bury)by ashes.Youll never solve your problems if you just bury your head the sand.I wandered into the dining room and found you(bury)in piles of books.were buriedinburied【写美】一句多译背诵由于埋头

30、于功课,他对外面的事情一无所知。,he knew nothing about the outside world.,he knew nothing about the outside world.Burying himself in his lessonsBuried in his lessons【归纳】bury.in.把埋到里;使沉浸于bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面【佳句】The secret of a happy life isnt buried in a treasure chest.It lies within your heart.幸福人生的秘密,

31、并非藏在财宝箱里,而是在你的心里。7.effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力【练会】单句填空Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort(pave)the way for their success.I dislike people who dont make effort.The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort(save)money.to paveanto save【写美】一句多译背诵我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。Well

32、 you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(best)Well you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort)try/do our best to helpmake an effort to help/spare no effort to help【归纳】with great effort努力without effort毫不费力地in an effort to do sth为了做某事spare no effor

33、t to do sth不遗余力地做某事make every effort to do sth尽全力做某事make an effort/efforts to do sth努力做某事【佳句】If I am lucky enough to be elected,I will make every effort to servefor the benefit of students and our club.如果我有幸当选,我将尽最大努力为同学们和俱乐部的利益服务。8.suffer vt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦【练会】单句填空People of the disaster area

34、 suffered a lot the typhoon,and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.The old man is said to have gone through varieties of(suffer)during the war.Mary(suffer)from ill health at the moment.fromsufferingsis suffering【写美】句式升级背诵John has suffered from lung cancer for many years.He has decided t

35、o give up smoking.,John has decided to give up smoking.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)Having suffered from lung cancer for many years【归纳】(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffer from 受折磨;患病(2)suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事(3)sufferer n.受难者;患病者【佳句】It concerned us that the writer suffered from ill health for

36、 most of his life.这位作家大半生饱受病痛之苦,使我们很担忧。9.supply n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品vt.供应;供给【练会】单句填空Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes large supply of baby food with her.Id like to know the reason why the milk is short supply in this area now.Food(supply)in the flood-stricken area are running out.ain

37、supplies【写美】一句多译背诵没有必要担心,我们可以提供你需要的任何东西。There is no need to worry.We can.There is no need to worry.We can.supply you with whatever you needsupply whatever you need to you【归纳】(1)in short supply短缺have a good supply of.备有许多(2)supply sth to sb为某人提供某物supply sb with sth 为某人提供某物【点津】(1)supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用

38、复数形式,即supplies。(2)表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:provide sb with sth=provide sth for sboffer sb sth=offer sth to sb10.survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过【练会】单句填空The local governments made great efforts to build shelters for people who(survive)the hurricane.None of these seems to have much chance of(survive).As far as I kn

39、ow,the old lady survived her husband 5 years.The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle.There were no _(survive).survivedsurvivalbysurvivors【写美】完成句子背诵生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存,而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。Life isnt about;its about learning to dance in the rain.how to survive the storm【归纳】(1)survive sth幸免于;从中挺过来/活过来survive o

40、n依靠生存下来A survive B(by.)A比B活得长()(2)survival n.U幸存;C残存物(3)survivor n.幸存者;生还者【点津】survive 表示“幸免于”时,是及物动词,因而不需要加多余的介词。【佳句】Emergency help is needed for survivors of the earthquake.地震幸存者需要紧急救援。11.on hand 现有(尤指帮助)【练会】单句填空The emergency services were hand with medical advice.(2020新高考全国卷)Write hand or type on

41、a single sheet of paper.(2020北京卷)Though Smith did get her(hand)on the best sand.【写美】完成句子背诵俗话说,成功与失败如影随形。As the saying goes,success and failure always go.onbyhandshand in hand【归纳】at hand 在手边;即将到来by hand 用手;靠人工give/lend sb a hand 帮助某人get ones hands on 找到hand in hand 手拉手on(the)one hand;on the other han

42、d一方面;另一方面【佳句】On the one hand,computers improve the working efficiency;on theother hand,they also bring about some new problems.计算机一方面提高了人们的工作效率,另一方面也带来了一些新的问题。12.strike vt.&vi.(struck,struck)击打;罢工;时钟等敲响;擦火柴);撞击;侵袭;给某人以印象;突然想起【练会】写出加黑词的含义A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing hundreds of

43、people.The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.突然袭击撞击罢工(钟)报时【写美】一句多译背诵John突然想起,他们可以帮助 Bernard为他的爆米花做广告。(2020新高考全国卷)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(s

44、trike)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(hit)they could help Bernard advertise his popcorn.(occur)It struck John thatIt hit John thatIt occurred to John that【归纳】(1)be struck with/by为所袭击/感动It strikes sb that.某人突然想到strike.into ones heart使某人刻骨铭心(2)be on strike 在罢工go on strike举行罢工【点津】表示“突然想到

45、”的单词还有hit,occur。【佳句】Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart;as a result,it strikesme that I will visit it again.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心,所以我想我会再次游览泰山。补遗缺 微点练全.一词多义1.deliverA.递送 B.生(小孩儿);接生 C.发表(演说等)She has been delivered of a healthy boy.Im having some flowers delivered for her birthday.She is due to delive

46、r a lecture on genetic engineering.BAC2.calmA.adj.镇静的,沉着的 B.adj.(海洋、湖泊等)平静的C.n.安静,宁静 D.v.(使)平静,(使)镇定So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better,calmer,healthier?They remained on the terrace(平台)after dinner,enjoying the calm of the evening.(2020天津卷)The deep,gentle voice helped calm the nerv

47、ous girl.Today the sea is calm and has only gentle waves.ADCB.单句填空1.The doctor told me to breathe and then breathe slowly.2.We sleep out under the stars,and eat our meals the open air.3.He succeeded the aid of a completely new method he discovered.inoutinwith重点句型透视as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句【教材原句】It s

48、eemed as if the world were coming to an end!(P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!【练会】单句填空Listen,the whistle of an ambulance!It seems as if there(be)an emergency.When a pencil is partly put into water,it looks as if it(be)broken.The teacher just stared at me as if he(know)everything about the incident.Tom walked here and

49、 there as if(look)for something.iswerehad knownlooking【写美】完成句子背诵树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。It was dark in the woods.It seemed as if.The more she thought of this,the more frightened she was.there was a fierce beast behind every bush【归纳】(1)as if相当于as though,意为“似乎,好像”,用在seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。(

50、2)as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。若as if从句描述非现实情况,则用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were);当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去完成时。【点津】(1)若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大,则不用虚拟语气。(2)如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。研真题 链接高考(2016江苏卷,阅读理解C)灾难防范El Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ ch

51、ild”,was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when winds that normally b

52、low westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects,both good and bad,are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by$15 billion,partly because of better agr

53、icultural harvests:farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains broug

54、ht about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth$36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning,and so much is know

55、n about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spe

56、nt on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be le

57、ft without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would

58、 at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio,reducing their losses needs to be the priority.理清脉络真题再做61.What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?A.It is na

59、med after a South American fisherman.B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案 D解析 细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源,发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“normallyblow wes

60、twards”等关键词可知D项正确。62.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.C.Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Ric

61、h countries gain more.”排除A项,错误点出在fall一词;B项的说法没有根据,文章中并没有做出对比;D项错在less一词,从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知,一些贫困的国家,如印度尼西亚,遭受到严重的干旱,影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than theylose.”,句意为“总的来说,富裕国家得大于失。”63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that.A.more investment s

62、hould go to risk reductionB.governments of poor countries need more aidC.victims of El Nio deserve more compensationD.recovery and reconstruction should come first答案 A解析 推理判断题。题源句为:According to the Overseas DevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past twodecades h

63、as gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery andrebuilding afterwards.句意为:然而根据海外研究所提供的数字,在过去的20年里,相比于灾后恢复和重建,只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”,因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及,D项弄反了作者的观点。64.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A.To introduce El Nio and its origin.B.To explain the conse

64、quences of El Nio.C.To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D.To urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案 D解析 作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象,列举了其危害性,进而引出作者写作的真实意图:厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的,因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全,以事实细节代替写作目的。语言能力1.掌握构词知识词根派生词性及词义例句agriculturalThe total rise in agriculturalincomes in r

65、ich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.recoveryAccording to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI),however,just 12%of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.agriculturerecoveradj.农业的n.恢复2.猜测生僻

66、词词义Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.构成原因的,因果关系的3.牢记熟词生义单词 词性及词义例句termEl Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ child”,was named by South American f

67、ishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.gainRich countries gain more from powerful Nios,on balance,than they lose.n.术语v.获利4.仿写经典句型According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil co

68、nflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country,thestronger the link.仿写:你对我们的传统文化了解得越多,你就对它越感兴趣。_The more you know about our traditional culture,the more you are interested in it.5.破解复杂句式El Nio,a Spanish term for“the Christ child”,was named by South American fishermen who noti

69、ced that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.分析:本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Nio was named by South American fishermen;a Spanish term for“theChrist child”作,对El Nio作进一步的解释;在who引导的定语从句中,又包含that引导的从句和which引导的从句。译文:同位

70、语宾语定语厄尔尼诺现象,西班牙语“圣婴现象”的音译,是由南美洲渔民命名的,他们注意到全球天气(变化)模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少,这一现象每两至七年发生一次。技法点拨破解“写作意图题”两招1.依据文体特点推意图(1)记叙文:一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言,且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应用文:文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍,使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文:推断作者的写作目的在于对文章主旨的把握,阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文:提出论点进行论证得出结论,作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出问题或介

71、绍与主题有关的其他事物时,答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等信息。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/to show等。测效果 课堂评价.熟词生义练1.flood(P48)项目意义例句熟义v._The whole town flooded when the river burst its banks.n.The river is in flood again.生义 v.;挤满;充斥She drew back the curtains and the sunlight came flooding in.(使)充满水;

72、(使)淹没洪水大量涌入;蜂拥而至2.hit(P48)项目意义例句熟义vt.&n.She hit her thumb with the hammer.vt.Try to hit the middle of the target.击,打射击;轰炸项目意义例句生义vt._Production has been badly hit by the strike.vt.Thats when it hit me that my life would never be the same again.vt.I just cant hit those high notes like I used to.n._Th

73、e Beatles had a string of number-one hits in the 1960s.n._Our page had 243 hits this week.产生不良影响;打击忽然意识到达到,实现非常受欢迎的人(或事);非常成功的人(或事)(对因特网网页的)点击3.bridge(P49)项目意义例句熟义n.We drove across/over the bridge.生义n.Part-time work can provide a bridge between staying at home and working full-time.n._The blow caugh

74、t him right on the bridge of his nose.vt._We must bridge the gap between employees and management.vt.The river had been bridged at its narrowest point.桥桥梁;过渡鼻梁;(眼镜的)鼻梁架减小之间的差异在上架桥.单句填空A组基础必练1.When the game finally ended,both of us were lying flat on our backs,too tired(move).2.School started,but I f

75、elt more nervous as if I(be)in a foreign country now.3.It(strike)me that I would cheat myself by pretending to understand what I didnt.to movewerestruck4.(bury)in reading the legend of a master in basketball,he didnt make it to school on time.5.How can you survive such a poor diet?Keeping slim doesn

76、t make sense if youre not healthy.BuriedonB组高考链接6.(2020天津卷)Via such networks,libraries share their books with each other through the use of(deliver)vehicles.7.(2020浙江卷)The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue,Washington,generally dont flash the same length of green twice in a row,esp

77、ecially rush hour.8.(2020浙江卷)It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the plays and the(effective)of the playwright.deliveryateffectiveness9.(2020天津卷)Jones was(shock)

78、when she said that she didnt actually mind being cheated.10.(2020全国卷)While Queensland Rail makes every effort _(ensure)trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.shockedto ensure.短语填空in ruins,in the open air,as usual,dig

79、 out,sweep away,as many as,in shock,in danger,on hand,set up 1.Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Seeing this,I was.2.Whether their wedding ceremony will be held tomorrow depends on the weather.in shockin the open air3.In order to provide a platform for students to practice spe

80、aking English,our school has decided to an English club.4.Years of fighting has left the area.5.Their houses were by the flood,so they had to build new ones.6.five courses are provided,and you are free to choose whichever suits you best.7.As a result,some animals have died out while others are.set u

81、pin ruinsswept awayAs many asin danger8.It was reported that an American couple had a lot of gold coins from their own yard.9.Although it was Sunday yesterday,Lily got up early.10.Our stuff are always to help.dug outas usualon hand.单元语法专练1.The book name is World of Plainness touched me greatly.2.Ple

82、ase send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.3.Is this the teacher rescued several students from the burning building?4.Do you know the lady our English teacher is talking with under the big tree?5.My father bought a new bike for me price added up to more than 1,000

83、yuan.whosethatwho/thatwho/that/whomwhose.话题微写作【写作素材】1.昨天一场可怕的地震袭击了我的家乡,造成了巨大的破坏。(非谓语动词短语作结果状语,damage)2.许多房屋和道路被毁,这使许多人受伤或无家可归。(非谓语动词短语作结果状语;destroy,injure)3.死亡人数很多。(the number of,death)4.似乎世界就要结束了!(It seems as if,come to an end)5.士兵们来帮助寻找幸存者,挖出被困在废墟中的人,埋葬死者。(survivor,trap,in ruins,bury)6.政府为困境中的人们提供

84、淡水、食物和避难所。(shelter)【连句成篇】将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。A terrible earthquake hit my hometown yesterday,causing great damage.A lot of houses and roads were destroyed,leaving a great many people injured or homeless.Whats more,the number of deaths was large.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Luckily,the soldiers came to help search for the survivors,dig out people who were trapped in ruins and bury the dead.The government provided fresh water,food and shelters for the people in need.