五年高考（2011-2015）英语试题分项精析版专题22 阅读理解之社会生活类（解析版） WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家1.【2015湖北卷】A“I see youve got a bit of water on your coat,” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?” “No, its pretty nice,” I replied, checking my sleeve. “Oh, right. A pony(马驹) bit me earlier.”As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of sma

2、ll bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought Id jumped in ahead of him.The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the poni

3、es foods, despite sighs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the areas annual pony drift(迁移).The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stoo

4、ped from feeding on their mothers milk, and those whove gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a fe

5、w mils west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back. “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I manag

6、ed to get in touch with a Dartmoors Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.Dartmoor has 1,000 or so p

7、onies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的) future for one of Dartmoors most financially-troubled elements.51.Why are tourists asked not to feed

8、the ponies?A. To protect the tourists from being bittenB. To keep the ponies off the petrol stationC. To avoid putting the ponies in dangerD. To prevent the ponies from fighting52.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is _.A. to feed baby ponies on milkB. to control the number of poniesC. to

9、expand the habitat for poniesD. to sell the ponies at a good price53.What as the authors first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?A. He freed it from the trapB. He called a protection officerC. He worried about it very muchD. He thought of it as being naughty54.What does the author imply a

10、bout the preservation of Dartmoors ponies?A. It lacks peoples involvement.B. It costs a large amount of moneyC. It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D. It has caused an imbalance of species【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边对事情加以分析评

11、论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的观点和看法，也就把握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。2.【2015湖北卷】CHilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi

12、 area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a

13、 relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 18

14、74 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry an

15、d aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations c

16、alled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J.

17、 Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and i

18、s included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.59.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherla

19、nds in that _.A. it has a large populationB. it is cut off from big citiesC. it has many beautiful gardensD. it is in a hilly area with sandy soil60.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?A. Building a railway link to AmsterdamB. Helping its textile industry to develo

20、pC. Constructing large villas for the poorD. Assisting its agricultural industry61.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of _.A. a radio factoryB. the medial capitalC. a radio stationD. a TV station62.What is known about W.M. Dudoks Hilversum Town Hall?A. I

21、t consists of approximately 75 buildingsB. It looks like an open air museum in the cityC. It is a classic example in architecture textbooksD. It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.【考点定位】说明文阅读【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等

22、。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇Hilversum的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。3.【2015江苏】DFreedom and Responsibility Freedoms challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it. Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.

23、 Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And Ath

24、enians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together. They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athen

25、ians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted. A man was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not becau

26、se it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the state. But discovering freedom is not like discoverin

27、g computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It

28、 had been the Athenian s pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds. There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. Now instead of men giving

29、to the state, the state was to give to them. What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object, ideas of freedom and self-reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing. Athens was more and more looke

30、d on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share. Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and respo

31、nsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again. But, “the excellent

32、becomes the permanent”, Aristotle said. Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world. A great American, James Madison, referred to: “The capacity (能力) of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek. Athens was not in the farthes

33、t background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost. The Digital Age cannot destroy it. Somehow in this or that mans thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action. One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into

34、 action only sure that it will do so sometime.65. What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization.C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power.66.Peopl

35、e believing in freedom are those who_ .A. regard their life as their own business B. seek gains as their primary objectC. behave within the laws and value systems D. treat others with kindness and pity67.What change in attitude took place in Athens?A. The Athenians refused to take their responsibili

36、ty.B. The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.C. The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D. The Athenians looked on the government as a business.68.What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Athens would continue to be free.B. Athens would

37、cease to have freedom.C. Freedom would come from responsibility.D. Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.69.Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?A. The author is hopeful about freedom.B. The author is cautious about self-government.C. The author is skeptical of Greek civilizat

38、ion.D. The author is proud of mans capacity.70. What is the authors understanding of freedom?A. Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.B. Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C. Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D. Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.【考点定

39、位】历史文化类说明文阅读【名师点睛】英语阅读属于跨文化交际活动,除语言因素外,它还受到中西文化差异的影响。考生既要扎实书本知识，也要广泛阅读，不断提高自己的知识广度，有意识地多了解文化背景知识，多关注社会热点，这样才能做到游刃有余。4.【2015广东】DIt was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the decline

40、 of class and classless society in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class. But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 perce

41、nt agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.One unchangi

42、ng aspect of a British persons class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice, Most people said this accent sounded educated and soft. The acc

43、ents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as common and ugly. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as th

44、e least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming

45、unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song Common People puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may want to live like common people they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.41. A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain _. A. it is time to end clas

46、s distinctionB. most people belong to middle classC. it is easy to recognize a persons classD. people regard themselves socially different42. The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _.A. varietyB. most people belong to middle classC. authority D. qualification43. The study in

47、 the US showed that BBC English was regarded as _.A. regionalB. educatedC. prejudiced D. unattractive44. British attitudes towards accent _.A. have a long traditionB. are based on regional statusC. are shared by the AmericansD. have changed in recent years45. What is the main idea of the passage?A.

48、The middle class is expanding B. A persons accent reflects his classC. Class is a key part of British societyD. Each class has unique characteristics.【考点定位】文化类短文阅读。【名师点睛】这篇短文介绍了英国社会中存在的阶级划分这一现象，通过调查数据，论证这一话题。短文属于中上难度，主要考查学生的语篇理解的能力，以及词义猜测、推理判断及概括主旨大意的能力。学生们在平时的英语学习中，要具备对一些说英语国家的文化背景知识，这对他们做题是有好处的。5.

49、【2015四川】C Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home wor

50、kload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their year

51、ly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40 of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. After questioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums st

52、arted their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm. To calculate just how much mothers would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer, personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at 48.98 an hour,

53、would prove to be the most profitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half s

54、aid they missed going out with friends.The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mothers Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parentin

55、g and raising relationships is money well spent.38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A.30,000. B.142,000. C.172,000. D.202,000.39.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from . A. emotional demand B. low pay for work C. heavy workload D. lack of training40.What

56、is stressed in the last paragraph? A. Mothers importance shows in family all year long. B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile. C. Mothers devotion to children can hardly be calculated. D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.41.What can we conclude from the stu

57、dy? A. Mothers working hours should be largely reduced. B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest. C. Mothers labour is of a higher value than it is realised. D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.【考点定位】 考查说明文阅读【名师点睛】本篇是一篇说明文，说明了母亲这一职业的伟大。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事理。说明文阅读中要求考

58、生要特别注意一些数字等，如第38题。除此之外，还需要抓住关键词、中心词，迅速在文中进行定位，解决细节题，如39、40题。最后，对文章的内容要了解，通常主题在第一段最后出现，所以考生要善于把握主题。6.【2015天津】DOnce when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had: Be bold and bra

59、ve and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep wa

60、ter, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, cr

61、eative ideas even physical strength greater than most of us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In on

62、e game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹） and stopped him cold.”Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extr

63、emeis not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot be

64、tter off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.51. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A. He faced huge risks.B. He lacked mighty forc

65、es.C. Fear prevented him from trying.D. Failure blocked his way to success.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.53. What was especially imp

66、ortant for Tims successful defense in the football game?A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.54. What can be learned from Paragraph 5? A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B. Trying without success is meaningless.C. Repeated failure creates a bett

67、er life.D. Boldness can be gained little by little.55. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To encourage people to be courageous.B. To advise people to build up physical power.C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.【考点定位】议论类

68、短文阅读 【名师点睛】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的议论文。整体难度中等偏上，考生阅读此文首先需要找出文章的论点，然后找出作者任何用论据来支撑其论点的。52题词句猜测题需要联系上下文及前后句来判断，不能从字面含义判断；54题需要抓住本段的中心句才能找到段落大意；55题作者写此文的目的需要从文章整体把握才可以选择正确答案。7.【2015浙江】AFrom the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation. When childr

69、en are little we make them read aloud, before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they dont know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four

70、years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now Im going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I w

71、ould like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, thats enough for me. Also Im not going

72、to ask you what words mean. “The children sat stunned and silent. Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr H

73、olt, do you really mean that?” I said just as seriously, “I mean every word of it.During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk, From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It cant be,” and went to take a closer look.

74、Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Dont you find parts of it rather heavy going?” She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. “This is exactly what reading should be and in school so seldom is, an exciting, joyous

75、 adventure. Find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, go on to something else. How different is our mean-spirited, picky insistence that every child get every last little scrap of “understanding” that can be dug out of a book.41. According to

76、the passage, childrens fear and dislike of books may result from_.A. reading little and thinking little B. reading often and adventurouslyC. being made to read too muchD. being made to read aloud before others42. The teacher told his students to read_ .A. for enjoyment B. for knowledgeC. for a large

77、r vocabulary D. for higher scores in exams43. Upon hearing the teachers talk, the children probably felt that_.A. it sounded stupidB. it was not surprising at allC. it sounded too good to be trueD. it was no different from other teachers talk44. Which of the following statements about the girl is TR

78、UE according to the passage?A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.45. From the teachers point of v

79、iew,_ .A. children cannot tell good parts from bad parts while readingB. children should be left to decide what to read and how to readC. reading is never a pleasant and inspiring experience in schoolD. reading involves understanding every little piece of information【考点定位】 这是一篇记叙文。【名师点睛】 记叙文的文章相对而言是

80、比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，比如说41题的CD选项，两者都用到了being made to read。其实这种表达也间接说明了答案就是在两个中选择一个。8.【2015浙江】D In 2004 ,when my daughter Becky was ten , she and my husband ,Joe, were united in their desire for a dog . As for me , I shared none of their ca

81、nine lust. But why , they pleaded. “Because I dont have time to take care of a dog.” But well do it. ” Really? Youre going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog?” Yes, yes , and yes .”I dont believe you .” We will . We promise. They didnt . From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy

82、 that first day ) , neither thought to walk the dog . While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots , to schedule her vet appointments , to feed and clean her , Misty knew this on day one . As she looked up at the three new humans in her life (small, medium, and large

83、) , she calculated ,”The medium one is the sucker in the pack .” Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld (心灵融合) . Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers , beam her need , and then wait , trusting I would understand which , strangely , I almost always did

84、. In no time , she became my feet as I read , and splaying across my stomach as I watched television . Even so , part of me continued to resent walking duty . Joe and Becky had promised. Not fair , Id balk (不心甘情愿地做) silently as she and I walked . “Not fair , ” I d loudly remind anyone within earshot

85、 upon our return home . Then one day January 1, 2007 , to be exact my husband s doctor uttered an unthinkable word : leukemia ( 白血病) .With that , I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital , doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort. During those six months of hospi

86、talizations, Becky, 12 at the time, adjusted to other adults being in the house when she returned from school. My work colleagues adjusted to my taking off at a moments notice for medical emergencies. Every part of my life changed; no part of my old routine remained. Save one: Misty still needed wal

87、king. At the beginning, when friends offered to take herthrough her paces, I declined because I knew they had their own households to deal with. As the months went by，I began to realize that I actually wanted to walk Misty. The walk in the morning before I headed to the hospital was a quiet, peacefu

88、l time to gather my thoughts or to just be before the days medical drama unfolded. The evening walk was a time to shake off the days upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise. When serious illness visits your household, its , not just your daily routine and your assumptions about

89、the future that are no longer familiar. Pretty much everyone you acts differently. Not Misty. Take her for a walk, and she had no interest in Joes blood counts or one marrow test results. On the street or in the park, she had only one thing on her mind: squirrels! She Was so joyous that even on the

90、worst days, she could make me smile. On a daily basis she reminded me that life goes on. After Joe died in 2009，Misty slept on his pillow.Im grateful一to a point. The truth is, after years of balking, Ive come to enjoy m walks with Misty. As I watch her chase after a squirrel, throwing her whole bein

91、g into the here-and-now of an exercise that has never once ended in victory, she reminds me, too, that no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future , theres almost always some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.55. why didnt the writer agree to raise a dog at the beginning

92、 of the story?A. She was afraid the dog would get the family, into trouble.B. It would be her business to take care of the dogC. Her husband and daughter were united as one.D. She didnt want to spoil he daughter.56. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to The medium one is “he sucker in

93、the pack.” (Paragraph 3)?A. The middle-aged person loves me most.”B. ”The medium-sized woman is the hostess.”C. The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.”D. The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.”57. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.A. Misty was quite cleverB

94、. Misty could solve math problemsC. the writer was a slow learnerD. no one walked Misty the first day58. The story came to its turning point when_.A. Joe died in 2009B. Joe fell ill in 2007C. the writer began to walk the dogD. the dog tired to please the writer 59. Why did the writer continue to wal

95、k Misty while Joe was in hospital? A. Misty couldnt live without herB. Her friends didnt offer any helpC. The walk provided her with spiritual comfort.D. She didnt want Misty to others companion.60. What is the message the writer wants to convey in the passage? A. One should learn to enjoy hard time

96、s. B .A disaster can change everything in life. C. Moments of joy suggest that there is still hope ahead. D. People will change their attitude toward you when you are in difficulty.【考点定位】记叙文【名师点睛】这种记叙文，一定要理清作者的思路。往往作者经历的事情是一波几折的，最初的想法和最后的想法是不一样的。比如说最初她不想养这只宠物狗，但是最后就是这一只狗陪伴了她，让她得到了一些体会。9.【2015重庆】BIn

97、ancient Egypt, a shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment. Modern businesses have been following his lead,with more tactics（策略）.One tactic involves where to display the goods. Foe example, stores place fruits and vegetables in the

98、first section. They know that customers who buy the healthy food first will feel happy so that they will buy more junk food（垃圾食品）later in their trip. In department stores, section is generally next to the womens cosmetics(化妆品) section：while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size sho

99、e, bored customers are likely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later. Besides, businesses seek to appeal to customers senses. Stores notice that the smell of baked goods encourages shopping, they make their own bread each morning and then fan the bread smell into the store throughout

100、the day. Music sells goods, too. Researchers in Britain found that when French music was played, sales of French wine went up. When it comes to the selling of houses, businesses also use highly rewarding tactics. They find that customers make decision in the first few second upon walking in the door

101、, and turn it into a business opportunity. A California builder designed the structure of its houses smartly. When entering the house, the customer would see the Pacific Ocean through the windows, and then the poll through an open stairway leading to the lower level. The instant view of water on bot

102、h levels helped sell these $10 million houses.40. Why do stores usually display fruits and vegetables in the first section?A. To save customers times.B. To show they are high quality foods.C. To help sell junk food.D. To sell them at discount prices.41. According to Paragraph 3, which of the followi

103、ng encourages customers to buy?A. Opening the store early in the morning.B. Displaying British wines next to French ones.C. Inviting customers to play music.D. Filling the store with the smell of fresh bread.42. What is the California builders story intended to prove?A. The house structure is a key

104、factor customers consider.B. The more costly the house is, the better it sells.C. An ocean view is much to the customers taste.D. A good first impression increases sales.43. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how businesses turn people into their customers.B. To introduces how bus

105、inesses have grown from the past.C. To report researches on customer behavior.D. To show dishonest business practices.【考点定位】社会生活类阅读。【名师点睛】对于社会生活类阅读，大多数是细节理解或推断题，考生要把握题干的大意，准备的定位，来找到相关信息。注意文章中的所给的汉语注释，不要由于紧张而对于 while the shop assistant is going back to find the right size shoe, bored customers are li

106、kely to wander over cosmetics they might want to try later.这个词意有所忽视从而影响对于文章整体的理解。10.【2015重庆】CJoin the discussionLakeLander 2 hours agoToday, a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading, making many passengers upset. I wonder how he would react if I were to read my news

107、paperoutloudonthetrain, Ihave never had the courage to do it, though.Pak50 57 minutes agoWhy not give it a try? Perhaps you should take lessons on a musical instrument. The late musician Dennis Brian is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio. When his request was refused,

108、he took out his French horn(号) and started to practice.Angie OEdema42 minutes agoI dont see how musical instruments can help improve manners in public. Dont do to others what you wouldnt like to be done to yourself. Once, a passenger next to me talked out loud on his mobile phone. I left my seat qui

109、etly, giving him some privacy to finish his conversation. He realized this and apologised to me. When his phone rang again later, he left his seat to answer it. You see, a bit of respect and cooperation can do the job better.Taodas 29 minutes agoI did read my newspaper out loud on a train, and it tu

110、rned out well. The guy took it in good part, and we chatted happily all the way to Edinburgh.Sophie 76 13minutes agoI have not tried reading my newspaper out loud on a train, but ,several years ago, I read some chapters from Harry Porter to my bored and noisy children. Several passengers seemed to a

111、ppreciate what I did.44. The passenger made an apology to Angie OEdema because_.A. he offered his seat to someone elseB. he spoke very loudly on his phoneC. he refused to talk with AngieD. he ignored Angies request45. Who once read a newspaper out loud on a train?A. Pak50B. Angie OEdemaC. TaodasD. S

112、ophie7646. What is the discussion mainly about?A. How to react to bad behavior.B. How to kill time on a train.C. How to chat with strangers.D. How to make a phone call.47. Where is the passage most probably taken from?A. A webpage.B. A newspaper.C. A novel.D. A report.【考点定位】社会现象类阅读。【名师点睛】本文是由论坛上截取的关

113、于不文明现象的讨论，难度中等，注意题干的提问方式，找到问题的切入点，很容易得出答案。在第44题中题干中运用made an apology to而文章中运用的是apologised to，所以注意平时词汇的积累，会让这类的题目更有目标性； 在47题中提到文章的来源，根据段落的设计格式，显示的时间和各自所而对的问题，来推断出来自网络论坛，所以注意扩大阅读的范围，多加运用网络而不是局限于文体。11.【2015重庆】EThe values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相对主义), are simply reflections

114、of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare

115、to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for

116、centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的) in human nature,”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this

117、type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-last

118、ing themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.52. According to the passage, wh

119、at do we know about cultural relativism?A. It introduces different cultural values.B. It explains the history of artistic works.C. It relates artistic values to local conditions.D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.53. In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _ .A

120、. great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB. history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures54. According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries becaus

121、e_ .A .they are results of scientific studyB. they establish some general principles of artC. they are created by the worlds greatest artistsD. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature55. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Are Artistic Values Universal?B.

122、Are Popular Arts Permanent?C. Is Human Nature Uniform?D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?【解析】试题分析: 本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品在永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有【考点定位】文化类阅读。【名师点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。52.53.54这三道题分别属于第一段第二段和第三段这个递进的原则，所

123、以定位段落就比较容易而最后一题属于主旨标题，把握整体，提取中心，所以这个阅读理解整体来说目标性比较强。12.【2015安徽】C As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the

124、Internet is changing what we remember and how. In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of p

125、eople understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it. In anot

126、her experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they

127、do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called transactive memory (交互记忆). According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are

128、learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.64. The passage begins with two questions to _. A. introduce the

129、main topic B. show the authors altitudeC. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information65. What can we learn about the first experiment?A. Sparrows team typed the information into a computer. B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.C. The first group did not

130、try to remember the formation. D. The second group did not understand the information.66. In transactive memory, people _.A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information67. What is the effect of the

131、 Internet according to Sparrows research? A. We are using memory differently.B. We are becoming more intelligent.C. We have poorer memories than before.D. We need a better way to access information.【答案】64. A65. C66. D67. A【考点定位】心理类短文阅读【名师点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。“Experts are wonderi

132、ng if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一些推理和排除。13.【2015安徽】E Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also

133、have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions. The foods we eatand when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country. Sharing bread, whether during a spe

134、cial occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing b

135、read. Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success

136、 in the New Year for the person who receives it. Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In m

137、any cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.72. According to the passage, sharing bread

138、_.A. indicates a lack of foodB. can help to develop unityC. is a custom unique to rural areasD. has its roots in birthday celebrations73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.74. The author explains the role of foo

139、d in celebrations by_.A. using examplesB. making comparisonsC. analyzing causesD. describing processes75. What is the passage mainly about?A. The custom of sharing food.B. The specific meaning of food.C. The role of food in ceremonies.D. The importance of food in culture.【答案】72. B73. B74. A75. D【考点定

140、位】社会类短文阅读【名师点睛】本篇题目的设置主要考查考生对细节的理解能力和对文章大意的把握。做细节理解题，需要快速从文章中到找有用的信息。第四题是主旨大意题，考生容易误选A项，A项太片面，它只是文章前两段所讲的内容。14.【2015湖南】AForget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real DangerWe are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers. Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are

141、 disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders. People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossin

142、g or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision. The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others. Michael Horan I l

143、ove the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads. I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me. The government built a cycle lane on the road bu

144、t it is hardly used. The police do nothing. What a laugh they are! The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them. Carol Harvey Cyclis

145、ts jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to h

146、im. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? Its about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. JML Write to

147、 Viewpoints of the newspaper.56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _.A. drivers should be polite to cyclistsB. road accidents can actually be avoidedC. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safetyD. walking while using phones hurts ones eyes57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists shou

148、ld _.A. be provided with enough roadsB. be asked to ride on their own lanesC. be made to pay less tax for cyclingD. be fined for laughing at policemen58.What is a complaint of JML? A. Very few drivers are insured.B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.D. Hors

149、e riders disrespect other road users.59.The underlined word they in the third letter refers to _.A. accidentsB. vehiclesC. pedestriansD. cyclists60.The three letters present viewpoints on _.A. real source of road dangerB. ways to improve road facilitiesC. measures to punish road offencesD. increased

150、 awareness of road rules【答案】 56C57B58B59D60A【考点定位】社会现象类短文阅读。【名师点睛】本文考查社会现象类短文阅读，要求考生根据作者的细节描述掌握这一社会现象的起因、结果及影响，然后做题，进行归纳。这篇文章旨在给出了一个议题，让人们给出讨论，意见以及看法，要求学生能够通过字里行间的细节描写找出人们对这个议题想法，例如第一段的第二句：But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.就给出Michael Horan的看法，因此方便了我们做出第56题，所以在做这种文章时一定得抓住表达作者或者他人态度或观点的

151、句子。15.【2015湖南】C Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly? Imagine having your entire houses, garage, and yard inspected at any time - with no warning. Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse (灯塔) living, and a keepers reputation depended on results. A few ti

152、mes each year, an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station. The inspections were supposed to be a surprise, but keeper sometimes had advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching. After boats began flying speci

153、al flags nothing the inspector aboard, the keepers family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first. As soon as someone spotted the boat, everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes. The keeper then scurried to put on his dress uniform and cap. Children of keepers

154、 remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of inspections, they resulted in some funny moments. Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dishes before an inspection. At t

155、he time, people did not have dishwashers in their homes. In an effort to clean up quickly, Mrs. Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan, covered them with a cloth and stuck them in the oven. If the inspector opened the oven door, it would look like bread was baking. he never did.One day, G

156、lenn Fursts mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house. Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood. This time, though, she used a little too much oil. When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother, he slipped on the

157、freshly oiled surface. He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight, Glenn late wrote. After he steadied himself, he shook Glenns mothers hand, and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.66.What does Paragraph I tell us about the inspection

158、 at the light station?A. It was carried out once a year.B. It was often announced in advance.C. It was important for the keepers fame.D. It was focused on the garage and yard.67.The family began making preparations immediately after _.A. one of the members saw the boatB. a warning call reached the l

159、ighthouseC. the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD. the inspector flew special flags in the distance68.Mrs. Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would _.A. result in some funB. speed up washing themC. make her home look tidyD. be a demand from the inspector 69.If the inspector had op

160、ened the oven door, he would have seen _. A. an empty panB. many clean dishesC. pieces of baked breadD. a cloth covering something70.The inspector waved his arms _.A. to try his best to keep steadyB. to show his satisfaction with the floorC. to extend a warm greeting to Glenns motherD. to express hi

161、s intention to continue the inspection【答案】 66C67A68C69D70A【考点定位】社会生活类短文阅读。【名师点睛】社会生活类的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，需要的是一个细心。注意事情发展的先后顺序和发展的情节，理清作者的思路，以此得出答案。有时可以找出原句，有时可能需要理解，根据前后文推断，进行一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。16.【2015新课标全国II】CMore students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university.

162、It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education insti

163、tutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news

164、 for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Un

165、ion of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more student

166、s are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said.29. What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in

167、length.B. It is a time for relaxationC. It is increasingly popularD. It is required by universities30. According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year _.A. are better prepared for college studiesB. know a lot more about their future jobC. are more likely to leave university in debtD. have a be

168、tter chance to enter top universities31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. Hes puzzledB. Hes worriedC. Hes surprisedD. Hes annoyed32. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new termC. Earn

169、money for their educationD. Prepare for their graduate studies【答案】29. C30. A31. B32. C【考点定位】社会社会类短文阅读 【名师点睛】本题以大学生做兼职或专职去挣钱为话题，通过对相关数据的分析可知，大学学生的学费给他们的学习生活带来了深刻的影响。我们考生应多关注社会生活方面的文章，才能更好地理解文章，解决相关的问题。17.【2015福建】AFood festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for ce

170、lebrations, but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include checsc rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes , roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not kick or throw thei

171、r cheese, or go into their competitors lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All thecompetitors arc served with beer or port wine, the traditional acco

172、mpaniment for Stilton cheese.Fiery Foods FestivalThe Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy ,but hot e

173、nough to make your mouth burn, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Eood and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three clays every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the worldor any one of the thousan

174、ds of products that are on show. But one things for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isnt for you!La TomatinaThe Worlds Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts Ea Tomatinathe worlds largest food fight. A week-long ce

175、lebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at thecrowd.The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50,000 k

176、ilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends againand for a much-needed wash!56. In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must.A.wear various formal clothesB.roll a woode

177、n cheese in their own laneC.kick or throw their cheeseD. use a real cheese weighing about four kilos57.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?A. In New Mexico. B. In the Caribbean. C. In Australia.D. In China.58.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts.A. three days B. seven days C. less than thr

178、ee days D. more than seven days59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B.More than 10,000 Chinese take pail in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C. Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Fo

179、od and BBQ Festival.D. An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.【考点定位】说明文阅读。【名师点睛】说明文的文章相对而言是比较容易做的，细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，必须一个一个选项匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心，因为很有可能有些选项会有一些迷惑性。需要考生认真判断。18.【2015福建】DLife can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy. It c

180、an also be full of challenges, setbacks and heartbreaks. Whatever our circumstances, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desiresthat little something more we want for ourselves and our loved ones. Yet knowing we can have more can also create a problem, because when we go to change the way we d

181、o things, up come the old patterns and pitfalls that stopped us from seeking what we wanted in the first place.This tension between what we feel we can have and what wrere seemingly able to have is the niggling suffering, the anxiety we feel. This is where we usually think its easier to just give up

182、. But were never meant to let go of the part of us that knows we can have more. The intelligence behind that knowing is usthe real us. Its the part that believes in life and its possibilities. If you drop that, you begin to feel a little dead inside because youre dropping you.So, if we have this cap

183、ability but somehow life seems to keep us stuck, how do we break these patterns? Decide on a new course and make one decision at a time. This is good advice for a new adventure or just getting through todays challenges.While, deep down, we know we can do it, our mindor the minds of those close to us

184、usually says we cant. That isnt a reason to stop, its just the mind, that little man or woman on your shoulder, trying to talk you out of something again. It has done it many times before. Its all about starting simple and doing it now.Decide and act before overthinking. When you do this you may fee

185、l a little, or large, release from the jail of your mind and youll be on your way.68.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that we should.A.slow down and live a simple lifeB.be careful when we choose to changeC.stick to our dreams under any circumstancesD.be content with what we already h

186、ave69.What is the key to breaking the old patterns?A. To focus on every detail. B. To decide and take immediate action.C. To listen to those close to us. D. To think twice before we act.70.Which of the following best explains the underlined part in the last paragraph?A. Escape from your punishment B

187、. Realization of your dreams.C. Freedom from your tension. D. Reduction of your expectations.71.What does the author intend to tell us?A.Its easier than we think to get what we want.B. Its important to learn to accept sufferings in life.C. Its impractical to change our way of thinking.D. Its harder

188、than we expect to follow a new course. 选A.比起想要成功，行动更加容易。【考点定位】说明文阅读。【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。19.【2015福建】EGroup exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle.G

189、roup exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, its not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. Its an opportunity to be social, rel

190、ease endorphins , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.Another beneficial

191、aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and dont want to embarrass themselves. If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you. Its a great opportunity to learn mor

192、e about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (Hu) of a fitness instructor. If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, !you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track. Dont letfitness frighten you!If youre serious about

193、 wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, its extremely important to surround yourself with people wholl provide you with the proper emotional support. I wouldnt scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldnt expect anyone to give offence to me for focusing on my health. Surround y

194、ourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend. Plan to go for a jog together. Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!Surrounding yourself wit

195、h people wholl provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals. First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive. Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive. Dont let negativity ruin your mo

196、tivation.72. The first paragraph focuses on.A.the greatest challenge of group exerciseB.the most effective way to improve physical fitnessC.the contribution of group exercise to psychological healthD.the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups73.The underlined word upbeat in the second p

197、aragraph probably means A. cheerfulB. averageC. seriousD. temporal*)74. When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary A.to sustain a colorful lifestyle B.to party on weekends with positive people C.to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D.to surround yourself with supportive

198、people75.What would be the best title for the passage? A. Seeking SupportB. Supporting Health C. Improving Your StrengthD. Building Up Fitness【考点定位】说明文阅读。【名师点睛】说明文的文章更相对而言是比较容易做的，答案都是在文章中可以找到或者通过文中的线索分析出来，必须一个一个选项进行分析匹配排除，最终才能够得出最佳答案。结合上下文中的联系，只要掌握了每一段的大意，做题就不会太难。20.【2015新课标全国I】BThe freezing Northea

199、st hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies a

200、nd warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part - particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold- weather root vegetables- was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sa

201、rasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7:00 am to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides of the Java D

202、awg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, a

203、nd tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal- and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home

204、 in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where - luckily for me - I was planning to

205、 have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.25. What made the authors getting up late early worthwhile?A. Having a swim.B. Breathing

206、in fresh air.C. Walking in the morning sun.D. Visiting a local farmers market.26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter?A. They are soft.B. They look nice.C. They taste great.D. They are juicy.27. What was the author going to that evening?A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel.

207、C. Eat in a restaurant.D. Buy fresh vegetables【答案】24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 27. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段尤其倒数第一二句可知，作者晚上计划在餐馆吃饭，并且点西红柿。故选C。【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读 【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类短文，整体难度中等，难度较大的是24和26题，学生容易判断错误，需要通过一定的推理才能判断正确。学生首先要从倒数第二段最后一句判断出作者原来生活在纽约，才可理解第一段第一句描述的是纽约。第26题考生是不能根据作者前面描述的文字判断，真正答案要从后段文字描述去判断。这就要求考生做此类阅读时

208、要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。21.【2015上海】ALook to many of historys cultural symbols, and there youll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest p

209、hotos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanitys earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of express

210、ion, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, It

211、aly, to build a snowman in his mansions courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmenan impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and go

212、vernment. Some were a reflection of peoples imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, dont worry: Ive learned that some

213、 explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explo

214、sive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman

215、explodes, winter is considered officially overthe quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building sno

216、wmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” （paragraph 4） means the time when_.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowm

217、en caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes_.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lo

218、st their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size【答案】66.C67.B68.C69.A【解析】试题分析：本文讲述历史的文化标志：雪人。【考点定位】 这是一篇说明文【名师点睛】 细节题占多数，但需要的是一个细心。答案都是在文章中可以找到，而且往往答案都是在设问内容的附近。另外也可以通过排除法，一个一个选项匹配排除，最终得出最佳答案。当遇到答案比较接近的时候，尤其需要细心。2014年高考试题社会生活类 2014安徽卷 CYou are the collector in the gallery of

219、 your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys.These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit

220、 the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly commonrecords, model houses. Others are strangely beautifulbranches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they a

221、ll reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to expl

222、ore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence“its a growingup t

223、hings; you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.64How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?ABy collecting more ta

224、ngible things.BBy showing what ordinary people have collected.CBy correcting what museums normally represent.DBy accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65What can be learned about collectors from their collections?AWho they are.BHow old they are.CWhere they were born.DWhy they might not mean

225、 to collect.66Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?ATo help people sell their collections.BTo encourage more people to collect.CTo study the significance of collecting.DTo find out why people visit museums.67According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they _Abecom

226、e adultsBfeel happy with lifeCare ready for a relationshipDfeel time to be uncontrollable【要点综述】 本文为一篇说明文。每个人都是人生艺术走廊的收藏者。未来两年，The Museum Of将举办40多场无名收藏者的收藏展。2014安徽卷 DShould we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we

227、 must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasonsfor example, economic(经济的) reasonswhy they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and

228、 important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to

229、 old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate(影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt(破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old b

230、uildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative(保守的) and do not like change.Although we have to respect peoples feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and

231、 planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.68What does the author sa

232、y about historical buildings in the first paragraph?ASome of them are not attractive.BMost of them are too expensive to preserve.CThey are more pleasing than modern buildings.DThey have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.69Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?AWe shoul

233、d reproduce the same old buildings.BBuildings should not dominate their surroundings.CSome old buildings have spoilt the area they are in.DNo one understands why people speak against new buildings.70By “move things forward” in the last paragraph, the author probably means “_”Adestroy old buildingsBp

234、ut things in a different placeCchoose new architectural styleDrespect peoples feelings for historical buildings71What is the main purpose of the passage?ATo explain why people dislike change.BTo warn that we could end up living in caves.CTo admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.DTo

235、argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.2014安徽卷 EYou may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka p

236、rovides money for the worlds most promising“changemakers” seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a

237、 problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social condi

238、tions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas stree

239、ts, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were exp

240、ensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious

241、, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.72Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?AChangemakers BBusinessmenCSocial conditions DRubbish problems73The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “_”At

242、he local farmersBMasqsood and IftekharCDrayton and his teamDthe poor people in Dhaka74It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he_Aconsiders Draytons conceptBgets permission from AshokaCtries to improve social conditionsDis a young, happy and healthy adult75The au

243、thors attitude towards Ashokas programme can be described as “_”Achanging BforgivingCcautious Dpositive 2014北京卷 DStore scent(香味)What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed(展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever noticed the smell?

244、Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no.But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent whi

245、ch floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intention to purchase increased by 80 pe

246、r cent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris, scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago, the focus for bread name shopping w

247、as on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and donttouchwhatyoucantafford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (ecommerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while eshops can use sights and sounds, only bricksandmortar stores(实体店) can offer a full experien

248、ce from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destinationAnd scent is just one way to achieve this.Now, a famous store uses complex manmade smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats

249、through the kid department, and coconut(椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the stores windows to smell books，pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly pow

250、erful tool in the success of some brand stores?A. Friendly assistants.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background music.D. Attractive window display.68. Eshops are mentioned in the passage to _A. show the advantages of bricksandmortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to u

251、se sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of ecommerce69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _A. a platform that exhibits goodsB. a spot where travellers like to stayC. a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet70. The main purpose of the passage i

252、s to _A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussD. inform and explain 2014福建卷 EAs has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing mac

253、hines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”， even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(

254、居民)Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbonbased power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of

255、 a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for noncarbon energy generation. Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms impact on the

256、 countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will h

257、ardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report s

258、uggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by poli

259、tical beliefs.72We can learn from the first paragraph that_Aenergy policy catches much attention of the publicBthe residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farmsCmany village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesDthe planning laws offer great benefits to the residents73Supporters thin

260、k that the expansion of wind power _Ais more rapid than that of carbonbased powerBguarantees an increase in energy outputCis expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerDagrees with EU targets for noncarbon energy generation74It can be inferred from the passage that_Aan official report will

261、 settle the energy problemBthe two parties are divided over the issue of wind farmsCthe two parties have agreed on a further negotiationDpolitical beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts75Which of the following reflects the authors opinion?AIncrease political impact on energy policy.BReleas

262、e a statement of supporters on wind farms.CLet the nation judge the facts about wind power.DLeave the two parties to reach their own conclusions. 2014湖北卷 EFor most city people, the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains, jets

263、, and even bicycles. Dr Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding. Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue,

264、the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. In fact, according to Wilk, the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century, with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地), and elevators pushing them towards l

265、ife in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的) columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators, it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief, boring, and even awkward experienceone that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in common, and an unple

266、asant awareness of the fact that were hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book, Lifted, German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that ridi

267、ng in an elevator has never been a totally comfortable experience. “After 150 years, we are still not used to it，” Bernard said. “We still have not exactly learnt to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.” That mixture, according to Bernard, sets the elevator ride apart from just about

268、every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.Today, as the worlds urban population explodes, and cities become more crowded, taller, and more crowded, Americas total number of elevators900，000 at last count, according to Elevator World magazines “2012 Vertical Transportation I

269、ndustry”are a force thats becoming more important than ever. And for the people who really, really love them, it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are. 67. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The general view of elevators.B. The

270、 particular interests of experts.C. The desire for a remarkable machine.D. The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.68. The authors purpose in mentioning cars is _A. to contrast their functions with elevatorsB. to emphasize the importance of elevatorsC. to reveal their secret war against elevatorsD. to

271、 explain peoples preference for elevators69. According to Prof Bernard, what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?A. Vertical direction.B. Lack of excitement.C. Little physical space.D. Uncomfortable conditions.70. The author urges readers to consider _A. the exact number

272、 of elevator loversB. the serious future situation of elevatorsC. the role of elevators in city developmentD. the relationship between cars and elevators2014湖南卷 CThe behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from

273、the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zerocarbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its ownthough extremely importantis not enough to achi

274、eve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological develop

275、ments.“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the bestdesigned ecohome.Another part of the problem is i

276、nformation. Households and billpayers dont have the knowledge they need to change their energyuse habits. Without specific information，its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this inform

277、ation gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals behaviour in t

278、he home can be personal and cannot be predictedwhether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.66. As to energy use

279、, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of _A. zerocarbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“_”A. the waysB. their homesC. developmentsD. existing efforts68. W

280、hat are Katy Jandas words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.69. The information gap in energy use _A.

281、can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users old habits70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education p

282、rogramme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar. 2014江苏卷 BHowever wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of

283、opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different oppor

284、tunity costnamely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have d

285、inner with friends？Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money and enjoymentin order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ou

286、ght to be able to make betterinformed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all：theres no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opp

287、ortunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the advantages

288、 and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money”People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage：“value for time”. The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to

289、 something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely

290、considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions.58According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to _Amaking more moneyBtaking more opportunitiesCreducing missed opportunitiesDweighing the choice of opportunities59The “leftovertime” in Paragraph 3 probably refers t

291、o the time _Aspared for watching the match at homeBtaken to have dinner with friendsCspent on the way to and from the matchDsaved from not going to watch the match60What are forgone opportunities?AOpportunities you forget in decisionmaking.BOpportunities you give up for better ones.COpportunities yo

292、u miss accidentally.DOpportunities you make up for. 2014江西卷 C Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your e

293、yes but with your fingertips.With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the worlds 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operat

294、es the worlds only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC8 aircraft, there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS als

295、o aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries. ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programmes. ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every ye

296、ar. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your

297、 help to continue their work and free people from blindness.For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind peop

298、le see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.65. The first paragraph is intended to _A. introduce a new way of readingB. advise the public to lead a simple lifeC. direct the publics attention t

299、o the blindD. encourage the public to use imagination66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?A. They are adequate.B. They have not been updated.C. They are not equally distributed.D. They have benefited most of the blind.67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by _A. t

300、eaching medical studentsB. training doctors and nursesC. running flying hospitals globallyD. setting up nonprofit organizations68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?A. Appeal for donations.B. Make an advertisement.C. Promote training programmes.D. Show sympathy for the blind.69. W

301、hat can be the best title for the passage?A. ORBIS in China B. Fighting blindnessC. ORBIS flying hospital D. Sightsaving techniques 2014新课标全国卷 CA typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but its mostly for show. In r

302、eality, its the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many optio

303、ns, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)only to end up confused by all of the options i

304、n front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that we

305、re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesnt have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. S

306、tarting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to becometake immediate action. If youre clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out

307、 of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A. To trick the lion. B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices. B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They f

308、ind it hard to make changes. D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful.C. Respectful. D. Supportive.31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”， youre advised to _A. wait for a better chanceB.

309、break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance 2014新课标全国卷 BSince the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We didnt know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce

310、Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased man

311、y, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has

312、 been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in 1995 there are

313、about 6，600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a k

314、ind of programme.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about _A. the social movement B. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day 26. Where does the support for environment

315、al protection mainly come from?A. The grassroots level. B. The business circle. C. Government officials.D. University professors. 27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B. They have settled their environmental problems. C. They have

316、 lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?A. Education. B. Planning. C. Green living. D. CO reduction. 2014四川卷 DWith around 100 students scheduled to

317、 be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting the

318、ir sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting(警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which

319、leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a

320、person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 per cent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 per cent can be classified as “early

321、 birds”the other 70 per cent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.43. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?A. Many studen

322、ts are absent from class.B. Students are very tired on Monday mornings.C. Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well.D. Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays.44. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?A. Most students prefer to get up late in the morning.B. Stude

323、nts dont sleep well because of alerting systems.C. Ones body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently.D. Adolescents delayed sleep/wake cycle isnt the preferred pattern.45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “classified”？ A. Criticized. B. Grouped. C. Organiz

324、ed. D. Named.46. What does the text mainly talk about?A. Functions of the body clock.B. The “night owl” phenomenon.C. Human beings sleep behaviour.D. The school schedule of “early birds”为“早起型”。此处classify意为“归类，分类”。46. B推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要解释了“night owl”这一睡眠周期现象。 2014天津卷 AA guide to the universityFoodThe

325、 TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meeting

326、s and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Caf located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bott

327、om level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional an

328、d social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.Academic supportAll students have access to the Writin

329、g Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the signup sheet outside the door two 30minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.Transpo

330、rtationThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and 3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch

331、 TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts. C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.37. Where and when can you cook your own food?A. The Globe, Friday.B. The Lower Caf， Sunday.C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.38. The Guide tells us that the Welln

332、ess Centre _A. is open six days a weekB. offers services free of chargeC. trains students in medical careD. gives advice on mental health39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?A. By applying online.B. By calling the centre.C. By filling in a signup form.D. By going to the centre directly.

333、40. What is the function of TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus toursC. To take students to the Mattson Centre.D. To transport students to and from the stores. 2014天津卷 C“Dad，” I say one day，“lets take a trip. Why dont you fly out and meet me？” My

334、father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM. His job filled his day, his thoughts, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.My father

335、 sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.“Whats our first stop？” asks my father.

336、“What time is it？”“Still dont have a watch？”Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花岗岩), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of a little boy.“Unbelievable，” he says. “How was this done？”A film in the information centre shows sculptor

337、 Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.We stare up and I ask myself, “Would I ever devote my life to anything？”No directions，no goals. I always used to hear those words in my fathers voice. Now I hear them in my own.The next day were at Yellowsto

338、ne National Park, where we have a picnic.“Did you ever travel with your dad？” I ask.“Only once，” he says. “I never spoke much with my father. We loved each otherbut never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.”That_last_sentenceits_probably_the_same_thing_Id_say_about_my_father._And_what_Id_wa

339、nt_my_child_to_say_about_me.In Glacier National Park, my father says, “Ive never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep travelling, I realizeand maybe a regular job wont be as dull as I feared.Weeks after our trip, I call my father. “The photos from the trip are wond

340、erful，” he says.“Weve got to take another trip like that sometime.”I tell him Ive decided to settle down, and Im wearing a watch.46. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father _.A. followed the fashionB. got bored with his jobC. was unhappy with the authors lifestyleD. liked the authors co

341、llection of stamps47. What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?A. His father is interested in sculpture.B. His father is as innocent as a little boy.C. He should learn sculpture in the future.D. He should pursue a specific aim in life.48. From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the auth

342、or _A. wants his children to learn from their grandfatherB. comes to understand what parental love meansC. learns how to communicate with his fatherD. hopes to give whatever he can to his father49. What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?A. The call solves th

343、eir disagreements.B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.C. They decide to learn photography together.D. They begin to change their attitudes to life.50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Love nature, love life B. A son lost in adventureC. A journey with dadD. The art of travel 2014天

344、津卷 DPeople arent walking any moreif they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasnt in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a n

345、ational sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good days walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. I

346、t did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I racedand beata teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middleaged persons as bad for the heart. But a wellknown British physici

347、an, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercisethe most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mank

348、ind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way

349、of life. Many people dont dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of fores

350、ts is the minds best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.51. What is the national sickness?A. Walking too much.B. Travelling too much.C. Driving cars too much.D. Climbing stairs too much.52. What was life like when the author was young?A. People usually wen

351、t around on foot.B. People often walked 25 miles a day.C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D. People considered a tenhour walk as a hardship.53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that_.A. middleaged people like getting back to natureB. walking in nature helps enrich ones mindC. pe

352、ople need regular exercise to keep fitD. going on foot prevents heart disease54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?A. A queue of cars.B. A ray of traffic light.C. A flash of lightning.D. A stream of people.55. What is the authors intention of writing this passage?A. To tell people t

353、o reflect more on life.B. To recommend people to give up driving.C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.D. To encourage people to return to walking. 2014浙江卷 BHere is some mustknow information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.In BrazilBrazilians are warm

354、and friendly.They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder.People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses.Schedules tend to be flexible，with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned.But to be safe, be on t

355、ime.Meals can stretch for hourstheres no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil.Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon.Brazilians are social，preferring facetoface communication over emails or phone calls.In SingaporeSingaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other

356、 with a small，polite bow.Business cards should be offered and received with two hands.Arriving late is considered disrespectful.So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fastpaced.Singaporeans are direct in their discussions，even when the subject is about money.Ra

357、nk is important and authority is respected.This determines how people interact in meetings.For example，people avoid disagreeing outright with someone of a higher rank.In the United Arab EmiratesIn the UAE，status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles.The

358、 handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So do not pull away from the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress.Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees.People do not avoid entertaining in their homes，but they also hold business meals at re

359、staurants.Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided.When meetings are onetoone，if your host offers you coffee，you should refuse.It might seem odd，but it is a cultural tradition.Coffee should only be accepted if it is already set out or presented.In SwitzerlandThe Swiss

360、tend to be formal and address each other by last name.They also are respectful of private lives.You should be careful not to ask about personal topics.Punctuality (守时) in vital，something that comes from a deep respect for others time.Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.They

361、 also have clear structure in their companies.Higherups make the final decisions，even if others might disagree.Neat，clean dress is expected.The Swiss follow formal table manners.They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table.It is polite to finish the food on your pla

362、te.46The passage is mainly about _.Acommunication typesBthe workplace atmosphereCcustoms and social mannersDliving conditions and standards47Why do Singaporeans avoid arguing with the boss?AThey put efficiency in the first place.BThey dislike facetoface communication.CThey want to finish meetings as

363、 quickly as possible.DThey are supposed to obey the person of a higher rank.48In the UAE，when should you refuse the coffee if it is offered?AWhen greeting seniors.BWhen meeting the host alone.CWhen attending a presentation.DWhen dining with business partners.49In which country do people care about w

364、here to put their hands at the dinner table?AIn Brazil. BIn Singapore.CIn the United Arab Emirates.DIn Switzerland.2014重庆卷 DOne moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension. The elephant had heard the distant alarm calls of animals and her mood suddenly chan

365、ged. I urged the elephant deeper into the forest. We sounded like a forest firecrackling, snapping, trailblazing. But through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. The elephant stopped and we heard it againthe telltale call of a spotted deer.I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest. Rays

366、of sunlight shone through tree branches，beneath which the patchwork(交错) of green plants and shadowwithinshadows would make tiger stripes(条纹) look more attractive. Apart from an occasional noise from the elephants stomach, the forest was silent.Gradually, the tension slipped from our bodies. The elep

367、hant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth. I reached forward and gently moved my hand over the elephants neck; there was a soft part, free of wrinkles and hairs, behind her ear.This was my fourth time to_sense_the_aura of the forest in Corbett, although I saw no tigers in the end. Locate

368、d at the foot of the Himalayan mountains, Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers, but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts(出没处), a silent reminder of their secrecy and rarity. Still, I was happy enough touching the elephant behind the ear. If I had so desperately wanted to see a ti

369、ger, I could have gone to a zoo. After all, spotting tigers merely confirms their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.48. Which of the following was a clear signal of alarm?A. The elephant stopped.B. A spotted deer called.C. The elephant seized a branch.D. The forest was silent

370、 for a while.49. The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by_A. describing various soundsB. comparing different animalsC. listing different activitiesD. introducing various plants50. What does the underlined part “to sense the aura” most probably mean?A. To see the diversity.B.

371、 To enjoy the scenery.C. To feel the atmosphere.D. To experience the freedom.51. How does the author feel after several visits to Corbett?A. Seeing a Bengal tiger is quite thrilling.B. It is very timeconsuming to travel in Corbett.C. It is really worthwhile to study the animals in Corbett.D. The pro

372、cess of finding Bengal tigers is most appealing. 2014重庆卷 EIts generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment. They pay $5 for a caramel brule latte because they like expensive coffee d

373、rinks.Its undeniable that behaviour comes from our inner dispositions(性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem, by observing our own behaviour. We can be strangers to ourselves. If we knew our own minds, why would we need

374、to guess what our preferences are from our behaviour? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes. Actually, we often need to look to our behaviour to figure out who we are.Moreover, we dont just use our behaviour to learn about our par

375、ticular types of characterwe infer characters that werent there before. Our behaviour is often shaped by little pressures around us，which we fail to recognize. Maybe_we_recycle_because_our_wives_and_neighbours_would_disapprove_if_we_didnt. Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us

376、. We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do，though it may not be in compliance(符合) with their true desires. Therefore, we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonneguts a

377、dvice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be. ”52. According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to _A. determine ones behaviourB. reflect ones tasteC. influence ones surroundingsD. result from ones habits53. Which of the follo

378、wing would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?A. The return of a wallet can indicate ones honesty.B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.54. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in

379、the passage?A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.C. Our behaviour is the result of our true desires.D. Our characters can shape our social relationships. 55. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A. Personalities and attitudes.B. Pref

380、erences and habits.C. Behaviour and personalities.D. Attitudes and preferences.2013年高考试题社会生活类2013安徽卷 A A The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?

381、Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a batteryoperated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?Finding：Seniors, on average,

382、 bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a dayhalf of the number doctors recommend.Step：We touch our faces around 3，000 times a dayoften inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important,

383、wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3How often do you think about fighting germs?Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry more germs than anything

384、 else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56.What is found out about American seniors?AMost of them have good habits.BNearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.CAll of them are fighting germs better than expected.DAbout one third of them brush their teeth only onc

385、e a day.57Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands _Atwice a day Bthree times a dayCfour times a day Deight times a day 58Which of the following is true according to the text?AWe should keep from touching our faces.BThere are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.CA kitchen sponge

386、can carry more germs than a toilet.DWe should wash our hands before touching a door handle.59The text probably comes from _Aa guide book Ba popular magazineCa book review Dan official document2013安徽卷 B BUsing too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our w

387、ater supply in danger，but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less usable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground. The more road

388、s and parking lots we pave，the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages(短缺). Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱) than areas with more rainfall，but in any case, good management can help to make sure

389、there is enough water to meet our basic needs. Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too. In the United States，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day ! This shows how much we depend on water to live，but theres a lot we can do to lower the number.You can ta

390、ke steps to save water in your home.To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day.Wash it only once a day.Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home. You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of

391、 throwing them away.60Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater? AUsing river water. BThrowing batteries away. CPaving parking lots. DThrowing rubbish into lakes.61What can be inferred from the text?AAll water shortages are due to human behavior.BIt takes a lot of effort to m

392、eet our water needs.CThere is much we can do to reduce family size.DThe average family in America makes proper use of water.62The last paragraph is intended to _Ashow us how to fix leaks at homeBtell us how to run a dishwasherCprove what drinking glass is best for usDsuggest what we do to save water

393、 at home 63. The text is mainly about _Awhy paving roads reduces our waterBhow much we depend on water to liveCwhy droughts occur more in dry climatesDhow human activity affects our water supply2013北京卷 C CDoes Fame Drive You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, todays star

394、s, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the worlds attention. Paparazzi (狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything with

395、out being photographed or interrupted for a signature!According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the peo

396、ple they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century BC., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.

397、When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his soldout readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about filmstars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.Being a public fi

398、gure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive fo

399、rever.If fame is so troublesome, why arent all celebrities running away from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they

400、are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.63It can be learned from the passage th

401、at stars today _A. are often misunderstood by the publicB. can no longer have their privacy protectedC. spend too much on their public appearanceD. care little about how they have come into fame64What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B. The problem f

402、aced by celebrities has a long history.C. Wellknown actors are usually targets of tabloids.D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.65What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?A. Availability of modern media.B. Inadequate social recognition.C. Lack of favorable chances.D. Huge

403、 population of fans.66What is the authors attitude toward modern celebrity?A. Sincere. B. Sceptical.C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.66D 本题考查作者的情感态度。根据文章主体描述，作者对于名人的压力、存在状况是非常同情的。所以选D。A.Sincere真挚的；B.Sceptical怀疑的；C.Disapproving不赞成的；D.Sympathetic同情的。2013福建卷 E EA MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life c

404、hanging opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the programs founder, said：“We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which w

405、ill potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.“We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example, weve secured internships (实习) with worldfamous firms such as Honda.“At a time of funding cutbacks where schools are finding it more

406、 and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring, it is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures.” Kieran Hepburn, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who ha

407、s benefited from the program so far. In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organizations (UNESCO) International Youth Forum (论坛)The event was held for young people f

408、rom around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event. Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. “Before we left I didnt quite know

409、what to make of it but when we got there we didnt stop; it was amazing，” he said, “We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon.”The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life. It dealt with issues (问题) suc

410、h as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.Kieran said: “It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.”The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury. For details vi

411、sit .71The Young Inspirations mentoring program aims to _A. train staff for worldfamous firms B. offer job opportunities to young adultsC. provide youth with unique experiences D. equip the unemployed with different skills72According to Alex Goldberg, it is difficult for schools to offer the mentori

412、ng due to _A. the lack of support from firms B. the cultural differencesC. the effect of unemployment D. the shortage of money73According to the passage, the forum focused on how youth can _A. build up their confidence at school B. find work experience opportunitiesC. improve their social skills for

413、 the future D. play an active role in the change of society74We can learn from the passage that _Athe visit to the United Kingdom was amazingBKieran has made great progress in many aspectsCthe youth have found a way to solve their problemsDthe mentoring sessions are held every day except Friday75Wha

414、t would be the best title for the passage?AAlex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsBYoung People Find a World of OpportunityCKieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisDDebates Help Youth with Their Grades 2013广东卷 A AImagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear.Ch

415、ildren know this very well. Fred Epstein，in his book If I Make It to Five，tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom，a fouryearold boy with a cancer in his back bone.He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.Tom loved to pretend，and he particular

416、ly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.The day before his third trip to the operating room，Tom was terribly afraid.“Maybe I could go as Superman，”he whispered to his mom.Hearing this

417、, the mother hesitated for a while.She had avoided buying the expensive costume(戏装)，but finally she agreed.The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman，showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way.And Tom，with the strength of his fa

418、ntasy，successfully made it through the operation.The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only.We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible，to go through those things that seem impossible，and to achieve what we never believed we could. Just

419、 as Dr.Epstein puts it，“If you can dream it，you can do it.”It doesnt mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview.But，next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it.Become the person you need to become to win over your chal

420、lenge and do it in your mind first.So，let your imagination run wild，and dare to dream.26What do we know about Tom?AHe was seriously ill.BHe was a dishonest boy.CHe was crazy about magic.DHe was Dr.Epsteins patient.27What can be inferred about Toms mother?AShe was a rich lady.BShe refused Toms reques

421、t.CShe wanted Tom to be a superhero.DShe wanted to get Tom through the pain.28When Tom went for the third operation，he _Apretended to be painfulBacted lide a superheroCappeared in poor spiritsDargued with his mother29In the last paragraph，you are advised _Ato go through some difficult testsBto wake

422、up from your wild dreamsCto become a powerful person in your mindDto wear expensive clothes for job interviews30What is the purpose of the passage?ATo tell us an interesting story.BTo help us make right decisions.CTo advise us to care about children.DTo encourage us to use our imagination.2013广东卷 B

423、BSome people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family，and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck.Im not going to say luck，talent，and circumstances dont come into play because they do.Some people are born into the right family while othe

424、rs are born with great intelligence，and thats just the reality of how life is.However，to succeed in life，one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And，in addition to that，in order to ger really good at something，one needs to spend at least 10，000 hours studying and prac

425、tising.To become great at certain things，itll require even more time，time that most people wont put in.This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you dont enjoy what you do，it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before

426、 you ever become good at it.When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success，you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost.Its sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent，but thinking that way

427、does you no good，and theres a huge chance that youre wrong anyway.Whatever you do，if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out，almost to the point of addiction，and over a long period of time.If youre not willing to put in the time and work，dont expect to receive any rewards

428、.Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.31Paragraph 1 mainly talks about _Athe reasons for successBthe meaning of successCthe standards of successDthe importance o

429、f success32In Paragraph 2，the underlined word that refers to _Abeing good at somethingBsetting a practical goalCputting in more timeDsucceeding in life33Successful people suggest doing what one loves because _Awork makes one feel painBone tends to enjoy his workCone gives up his work easilyDit takes

430、 a lot of time to succeed34What can we infer from Paragraph 4?ASuccessful people like to show their great skills.BPeople sometimes succeed without luck or talent.CPeople need to achieve success at the cost of life.DIt helps to think that luck or talent leads to success.35What is the main theme of th

431、e passage?AHaving a goal is vital to success.BBeing good is different from being great.COne cannot succeed without time and practice.DLuck，talent and family help to achieve success.2013湖北 A ASome years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.I would return from school and spend the expe

432、cted half hour recording the days events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.After all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving

433、 the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, wellequipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across.I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for fut

434、ure generations a detailed description of my travels.On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.I automatically took out my penAt that point, I unde

435、rstood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I had set down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a spec

436、ial thought or feeling.I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful.I take pictures, but not very oftenonly of objects I find really beautiful.Im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I r

437、ealize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future. I dont want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.Maybe I wont have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe Ill forget cer

438、tain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.I dont live to make memoriesI just live, and the memories form themselves.51Before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of _Aobserving her school routine Bexpressing her satisfactionCimpressing her cla

439、ssmates Dpreserving her history52What caused a change in the authors understanding of keeping a diary?AA dull night on the journey. BThe beauty of the great valley.CA striking quotation from a book. DHer concerns for future generations.53What does the author put in her diary now?ANotes and beautiful

440、 pictures. BSpecial thoughts and feelings.CDetailed accounts of daily activities. DDescriptions of unforgettable events.54The author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is _Ato experience it Bto live the present in the futureCto make memories Dto give accurate representations of it2013湖北

441、 BBMothers and daughters go through so muchyet when was the last time a mother and daughter sat down to write a book together about it all? Perri Klass and her mother, Sheila Solomon Klass, both gifted professional writers, prove to be ideal cowriters as they examine their decades of motherhood, dau

442、ghterhood, and the wonderful ways their lives have overlapped (重叠)Perri notes with amazement how closely her own life has mirrored her mothers: both have fulltime careers; both have published books, articles, and stories; each has three children; they both love to read.They also love to travelin fac

443、t, they often take trips together.But in truth, the harder they look at their lives, the more they acknowledge their big differences in circumstance and basic nature.A child of the Depression (大萧条), Sheila was raised in Brooklyn by parents who considered education a luxury for girls.Starting with he

444、r college education, she has fought for everything shes ever accomplished.Perri, on the other hand, grew up privileged in the New Jersey suburbs of the 1960s and 1970s.For Sheila, wasting time or money is a crime, and luxury is unthinkable while Perri enjoys the occasional small luxury, but has not

445、been successful at trying to persuade her mother into enjoying even the tiniest thing she likes.Each writing in her own unmistakable voice, Perri and Sheila take turns exploring the joys and pains, the love and bitterness, the minor troubles and lasting respect that have always bonded them together.

446、Sheila describes the adventure of giving birth to Perri in a tiny town in Trinidad where her husband was doing research fieldwork.Perri admits that she cant sort out all the mess in the households, even though she knows it drives her mother crazy.Together they compare thoughts on bringing up childre

447、n and working, admit longhidden sorrows, and enjoy precious memories.Looking deep into the lives they have lived separately and together, Perri and Sheila tell their motherdaughter story with honesty, humor, enthusiasm, and admiration for each other.A written account in two voices, Every Mother Is a

448、 Daughter is a duet (二重奏) that produces a deep, strong sound with the experiences that all mothers and daughters will recognize.55Why does Perri think that her own life has mirrored her mothers?AThey both have gone through difficult times.BThey have strong emotional ties with each other.CThey have t

449、he same joys and pains, and love and bitterness.DThey both have experiences as daughter, mother and writer.56The word “luxury” in Paragraph 3 means _Asomething rare but not pleasantBsomething that cannot be imaginedCsomething expensive but not necessaryDsomething that can only be enjoyed by boys57Wh

450、at is Paragraph 4 mainly about?AThe content of the book.BThe purpose of the book.CThe influence of the book. DThe writing style of the book.58How are womens lives explored in this book?AIn a musical form. BThrough field research.CWith unique writing skills.DFrom different points of view.2013湖北 CCWev

451、e reached a strangesome would say unusualpoint.While fighting world hunger continues to be the matter of vital importance according to a recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO), more people now die from being overweight, or say, from being extremely fat, than from being underweight.It

452、s the good life thats more likely to kill us these days.Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world are estimated to be overweight.Whats going on?We really dont have many excuses for our weight problems.The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by publichealth

453、 campaigns since 2001 and the message is getting throughup to a point.In the 1970s, Finland, for example, had the highest rate of heart disease in the world and being overweight was its main cause.Not any more.A publichealth campaign has greatly reduced the number of heart disease deaths by 80 per c

454、ent over the past three decades.Maybe that explains why the percentage of people in Finland taking diet pills doubled between 2001 and 2005, and doctors even offer surgery of removing fat inside and change the shape of the body.That has become a sort of fashion.No wonder it ranks as the worlds most

455、bodyconscious country.We know what we should be doing to lose weightbut actually doing it is another matter.By far the most popular excuse is not taking enough exercise.More than half of us admit we lack willpower.Others blame good food.They say: its just too inviting and it makes them overeat.Still

456、 others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating too much Americanstyle fast food.Some also blame their parentstheir genes.But unfortunately, the parents are wronged because theyre normal in shape, or rather slim.Its a similar story around the world, alt

457、hough people are relatively unlikely to have tried to lose weight.Parents are eager to see their kids shape up.Do as I saynot as I do.59What is the “strange” point mentioned in the first sentence?AThe good life is a greater risk than the bad life.BStarvation is taking more peoples lives in the world

458、.CWHO report shows peoples unawareness of food safety.DOverweight issue remains unresolved despite WHOs efforts.60Why does the author think that people have no excuse for being overweight?AA lot of effective diet pills are available.BBody image has nothing to do with good food.CThey have been made f

459、ully aware of its dangers.DThere are too many overweight people in the world.61The example of Finland is used to illustrate _Athe cause of heart diseaseBthe fashion of body shapingCthe effectiveness of a campaignDthe history of a bodyconscious country62Which would be the best title for the passage?A

460、Actions or Excuses? BOverweight or Underweight?CWHO in a Dilemma DNo Longer Dying of Hunger2013湖北 DDThe technology is great.Without it we wouldnt have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages.Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the pow

461、er to educate and pass on knowledge.But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients whove come into their surgery waving an Internet printout, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer.The tr

462、uth is usually far more ordinary, though: they dont have throat cancer, and its just that their throats are swollen.Being a graduate of the Internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate selfhealthchecks.One day Mrs.Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.While I took her b

463、lood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “I know whats wrong; Ive got throat cancer.I know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and Ive just got to wait until the day comes.”As a matter of routine I ordered a chest Xray.I looked at it and the blood results an hour lat

464、er.Something wasnt right.“Did your local doctor do an Xray？” I asked.“Oh, I havent been to the doctor for years，” she replied.“I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so I knew thats what I had.”However, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didnt fit with itbut

465、shed just ignored this.I looked at the Xray again, and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly.She was lucky we caught it when we did.Mrs.Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment fo

466、r the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her.“Im so embarrassed，” she said, shaking her head, as I explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.She listed up to about 20, and then I went to

467、my office to type up my notes.Unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it.Typical.Maybe I should have a microwave sausage while I waited?63Mrs.Almond talked about her illness calmly because _Ashe thought she knew it wellBshe had pu

468、rchased medicine onlineCshe graduated from a medical schoolDshe had been treated by local doctors64It was lucky for Mrs.Almond _Ato have contacted many friendsBto have recovered in a short timeCto have her assumption confirmedDto have her disease identified in time65Mrs.Almond said “Im so embarrasse

469、d” (Para.7) because _Ashe had distrusted her close friendsBshe had caused unnecessary troubleCshe had to refuse the doctors adviceDshe had to tell the truth to the doctor66By mentioning the breakdown of the computer, the author probably wants to prove _Aits a must to take a break at workBits vital t

470、o believe in IT professionalsCits unwise to simply rely on technologyDits a danger to work long hours on computers2013湖北 EEA German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expec

471、ted their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and futur

472、e life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, h

473、owever, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting

474、a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their futu

475、re may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low i

476、ncomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment

477、and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67According to

478、 the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.68Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contributi

479、on accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth69How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.70What is the clear conclu

480、sion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.BWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tick

481、ets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different w

482、ays of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue

483、do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change.and it is unclear whi

484、ch principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience wit

485、h fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of cour

486、se，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is

487、 striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these a

488、re not the only places that markets have entered.58According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？ATaking buses. BBuying houses.CFlying with an airline. DVisiting amusement parks.59The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 ill

489、ustrates _Athe necessity of patience in queuing Bthe advantage of modern technologyCthe uncertainty of allocation principle Dthe fairness of telephonic services60The passage is meant to _Ajustify paying for faster services Bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingsCanalyze the reason for standing in l

490、ine Dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping2013辽宁卷 B BGoing green seems to be a fad(时尚) for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad, we cant really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22，2011, we decided to go green every single day for an en

491、tire year.This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day for

492、 a year, Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Green Y

493、ear, we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的) stores.We consume less meat, choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical cleaner

494、s.We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the

495、 power to change things and help our planet.60What might be the best title for the passage?AGoing GreenBProtecting the PlanetCKeeping OpenMindedDCelebrating Our Green Year61It was difficult for the coupie to live a green life for the whole year because _Athey were expected to follow the green fadBth

496、ey didnt know how to educate other peopleCthey were unwilling to reduce their energyDthey needed to perform unusual green tasks62What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?AThey tried to get out of their ungreen habits.BThey ignored others ungreen behavior.CThey chose better chemical c

497、leaners.DThey sold their homemade food.63What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe government will give support to the green project.BThe couple may continue their project in the future.CSome people disagree with the couples green ideas.DOur Green Year is becoming a national campaign.2013全国卷 A

498、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASome people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them.Take my familys last vacation.It was my sixyearold sons winter break form school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overbooked，

499、and Delta, the airline，offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day.I had meetings in New York，so I had to get back. But that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. I took my ninemonthold and took off for home.The next day, my husband and son were offered

500、 more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouragedokay, orderedthem to wait it out at the airport, to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take: $1，600. Not bad, huh? Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a bigtime bargain hunter, I know the va

501、lue of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露) the worst tricks.I have been the consumer reporter of NBCs Today show for over a decade. I have written a couple of books including one titled Tri

502、cks of the Trade: A Consumer Survival Guide. And I really do what I believe in.I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth. Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children，and expensive restaurants.But I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It k

503、eeps its longer, and its the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.56Why did Delta give the authors family credits?A. They took a later flight.B. They had early bookings.C. Their flight had been delayed.D. Their flight had been cancelled.57Wh

504、at can we learn about the author?A. She rarely misses a good deal.B. She seldom makes a compromise.C. She is very strict with her children.D. She is interested in cheap products.58What does the author do?A. Shes a teacher.B. Shes a housewife.C. Shes a media person.D. Shes a businesswoman.59What does

505、 the author want to tell us?AHow to expose bad tricks.B. How to reserve airline seats.C. How to spend money wisely.D. How to make a business deal.2013课标全国卷 C C Given that many peoples moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody m

506、ade the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory, Singapores Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents corner store with one hand al

507、most always in the jar of sweets. If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, thats because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levis and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes t

508、o making different flavored(味道)chocolates.The CRFs produce is “green”， made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Serieswith Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆), cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate_

509、snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.44. What is good about chocolate?A. It serves as a suitable gift.B. It works as an effective medicine.C. It helps improve the state

510、of mind.D. It strengthens business relations.45Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF?A. He knows the importance of research.B. He learns from shops of similar types.C. He has the support of many big names.D. He has a lot of marketing experience.46Which line of the CRF produce sells be

511、st?A. The Connoisseur Series.B. The Exotic Series.C. The Alcohol Series.D. The Sichuan Series.47The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who _A. are particular about chocolateB. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon othersD. like to try new flavors2013江西卷 B BWhen

512、international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake

513、 to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to

514、another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations

515、to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what

516、is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or

517、years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the

518、 wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may

519、 be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?A. By solving the cost problems.B. By solving

520、 the transportation problems.C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.62What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A. Providing food is vital. B. Learning to fish is helpful.C. Teaching skills is essential. D.

521、 Looking after others is important.63The second paragraph is developed mainly_ .A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast64Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A. A medical team. B. An exchange program.C. A water plant. D. Financial support.65What can we infer about int

522、ernational aid from the passage?A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during normal times.C. It should be given in the form of materials.D. It has gained support from developed countries.着困难。2013山东卷 D DSparrow is a fastfood chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which

523、Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no p

524、lans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years, until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other

525、 fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chains owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcys restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designe

526、d to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers spending power. Finally,

527、 the owner accepted his idea. The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fastfood industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension wa

528、s to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额)These efforts paid off, and Sparr

529、ow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated.71Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?A. The number of its customers was declining.B. Its customers found the food unhealthy.C. It was in need of financial support.D. Most of

530、its restaurants were closed.72What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?ACustomers of Sparrow restaurants. BSparrow restaurants.CCustomers of other fastfood chains. DOther fastfood chains.73For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?ATo build a good relationship w

531、ith the public.BTo stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.CTo learn about customers spending power.DTo meet the challenge from Marcys restaurants.74The TV ads of Sparrow _Achanged peoples views on pop starsBamused the public with original songsCfocused on the superiority of its productsDinfluenced

532、the eating habits of the audience75What was Pearsons achievement as a CEO?AHe managed to pay off Sparrows debts.BHe made Sparrow much more competitive.CHe helped Sparrow take over a company.DHe improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.2013天津卷 D DWhen asked about happiness, we usually think of somet

533、hing extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids, happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的)In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly its conditional on such things as exci

534、tement, love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joylove, marriage, birthalso bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults, happiness is complicated(复杂的)My definiti

535、on of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was over

536、joyed when I shut the last lunchbox and had the house to myself.Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love.When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and sati

537、sfying work.I dont think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we

538、ve got to have.Were so selfconscious about our “right” to it that its making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens to usits about how we see what happens to

539、us.Its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.Its not wishing for what we dont have, but enjoying what we do possess.51As people grow older, they _Afeel it harder to experience happinessBassociate their happiness less with othersCwill take fewer risks in pursuing happinessDtend to

540、 believe responsibility means happiness52What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?AShe cares little about her own health.BShe enjoys the freedom of traveling.CShe is easily pleased by things in daily life.DShe prefers getting pleasure from housework.53What can be inferred from Para

541、graph 7?APsychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.BPsychologists opinion is we proved by Grandmas case.CGrandma often found time for social gatherings.DGrandmas happiness came from modest expectations of life.54People who equal happiness with wealth and success _Aconsider pressure som

542、ething blocking their wayBstress their right to happiness too muchCare at a loss to make correct choicesDare more likely to be happy55What can be concluded from the passage?AHappiness lies between the positive and the negative.BEach man is the master of his own fate.CSuccess leads to happiness.DHapp

543、y is he who is content.2013重庆卷 E EIt is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather.Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr.Johnsons famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnsons observation is as accurate now as i

544、t was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weatherspeak.Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that，as the English weather is not at all exciting，the obsession with it can hardly be understood.He argues that “To an outsider，the mos

545、t striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.Bryson is

546、wrong, he says，because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the out

547、sider.Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weatherspeak among the English.Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point.The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all.English weatherspeak is a system of signs，which is developed to help the speakers

548、 overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other.Everyone knows conversations starting with weatherspeak are not requests for weather data.Rather, they are routine greetings，conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weatherspeak is a means of social bonding.7

549、2The author mentions Dr.Johnsons comment to show that _Amost commentators agree with Dr.JohnsonBDr.Johnson is famous for his weather observationCthe comment was accurate two hundred years agoDEnglish conversations usually start with the weather73What does the underlined word “obsession” most probabl

550、y refer to?AA social trend.BAn emotional state.CA historical concept.DAn unknown phenomenon.74According to the passage，Jeremy Paxman believes that _ABill Bryson has little knowledge of the weatherBthere is nothing special about the English weatherCthe English weather attracts people to the British I

551、slesDEnglish people talk about the weather for its uncertainty75What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage?ATo explain what English weatherspeak is about.BTo analyse misconceptions about the English weather.CTo find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.DTo convince people that

552、the English weather is changeable.2013陕西卷CAccording to sociologists（社会学家）, every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification（阶层）. Class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society. Class means a persons economic position in society. A commonly used classi

553、fication is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class

554、. Interestingly, a surgeon earning 500,000 a year and a bus driver earning 50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class! Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise（行使）big power, but peop

555、le who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding （相应的）economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To o

556、ur knowledge, there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the U.S. Senate!Status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong

557、to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.54. What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2? A. People earning 50,000 a year belong to the middle class. B. Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class. C. People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class. D.

558、 Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.55. According to the text, we know that _. A. power and class do not always correspond with each other B. status refers to a persons economic position in society C. people with high status have a lot of control over others D. class is less im

559、portant in deciding a persons social rank56. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text? A. B. C. D.2013陕西卷C2012年高考试题社会生活类2012安徽卷D In Asia, there are special competitions where kites have complex designs and are fitted with instruments that make musical sounds as the wind blows thr

560、ough them. Although all kites have a similar structure （结构）, they are widely different in size and shape. Kite-fighting competitions are also held, in which competitions us their kites to attack and bring down their opponents（对手）kites or cut their strings（线）. For more than 15 years, the Big Wind Kit

561、e Factory has been giving kite-making and kite flying classes for the children on an island in Hawaii. In its kite-making lessons, students can make kites in as little as 20 minutes! Children as young as four years old can learn how to fly a kite. Jonathan Socher and his wife Daphne started the kite

562、 factory in 1980. their kites are made of nylon（尼龙）.Their designs are Hawaiian themes created by Daphne. The designs are cut out of the nylon with a hot knife that seals the edges and then fastened directly onto the kite. The kite that is used to give lessons is regular diamond kite with a rainbow p

563、attern. The difference between this kite and the ones they make during the lessons is that it is a two-string controllable kite. Big Wind employees fly the kite and for a few minutes show students how pulling on one line and then on the other controls the direction the kite goes in. Then the control

564、s are given to the students. Jonathan insists that it is not necessary to make a huge impressive kite to have fun making and flying kites. Even the simplest structure can work, and can give hours of fun. Go on, give it a try!68.Which of the following is true according to the text?A. A hot knife is u

565、sed to iron the nylon.B. Children never fly kites on their own in flying lessons.C. Kite strings must not be cut in kitefighting competitions.D. Daphne designs kites for the Big Wind Kite Factory.69. What is different about the kite used for flying lessons?A. It has two strings.B. It is simple in de

566、sign.C. It has a rainbow pattern.D. It is shaped like a diamond.70. According to Jonathan, what do you need to have fun with kites?A. A large kite.B. Any type of kite.C. A complex structure. D. A kite that impresses others.71. What is mainly described in the text?A. A kite factory.B. Kiteflying less

567、ons.C. Special competitions. DThe kitemaking process. 2012重庆卷 E In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”， John Keynes，a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us

568、 feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(无止境的), this is not true of absolute needs. Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this des

569、ire as the only source of insatiable demands. Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others pro

570、bably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals. There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at

571、over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pa

572、y almost four times the price.By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits. 72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_.A. desire i

573、s the root of both absolute and relative needs B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs 73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3? A. They want to show their superiority. B. Th

574、ey find specialty important to meals. C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied. D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality. 74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Understanding. B. Increase. C. Difference. D. Study. 75. The author of t

575、he passage argues that _. A. absolute needs have no limits B. demands for quality are not insatiable Chuman desires influence ideas of quality D. relative needs decide most of our spending 2012天津卷 D You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be

576、 a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The trut

577、h is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they dont let this get in the way. They know they have their w

578、eaknesses, yet they dont blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims

579、and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause othersand even themselvesto feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspi

580、ration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special re

581、lationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment

582、and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.51. What does the word “They” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A. People and things around you. B. Oppor

583、tunities and problems. C. Creators and their choices. D. Victims and their sufferings.52. According to Paragraph 2, creators _. A. seem willing to experience failures in life B. possess the ability to predict future life C. handle ups and downs of life wisely D. have potential to create something ne

584、w53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life. B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives. C. Victims can influence more people than creators. D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph

585、4 show that _. A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D. ones experiences determine his attitude toward life55. What is the authors purpose in

586、writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.2012四川卷 AOn a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain

587、move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us

588、 where we are. There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple(

589、枫树)makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say any

590、thing against that.The_seasons_change_just_outside_the_door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local stream as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to

591、 sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.41. What can be learned from Paragraph 2?AThe scenes are colorful and changeable.BThere are many windows in the wooden house.CThe views remind us that we are in a wooden house.DThe lakes outsi

592、de the windows are quite different in color.42. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that _.Athe kids like playing in treesBthe kids are very familiar with treesCthe kids have learned much knowledgeDthe kids find trees useful learning tools43. What does the underlined senten

593、ce in the last paragraph mean?AThe change of seasons is easily felt.BThe seasons make the scenes change.CThe weather often changes in the forest.DThe door is a good position to enjoy changing seasons.44. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?ATo describe the beauty of the scene aro

594、und the house.BTo introduce her childrens happy life in the forest.CTo show that living in the forest is healthful.DTo share the joy of living in the nature.2012上海卷 (C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in

595、 the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stressrelated disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fightorflight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react wit

596、h aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in

597、the fightorflight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from othersespecially other females (“bef

598、riend”)Scientists have long known that in the fightorflight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tendorbefriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studi

599、ed in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” Whil

600、e men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The st

601、udy also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children

602、and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stressrelated disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tendandbefriend regulatory (调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on

603、average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _. A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the

604、 passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up

605、the bodys resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of

606、the passage? A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stressrelated disorders75. A主旨大意题。本文首先介绍男女对压力反应的区别和原因，然后谈男女如何克服压力。2012山东卷 CSan Francisco has its cable cars. Seattle has its Space Needle. An

607、d, Longview has its squirrel bridge. The bridge, which has attracted international attention, is now a local landmark. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder, Amos Peters, to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars. The original br

608、idge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds. Before the bridge was built, squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels. Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza

609、witnessed squirrels being run over. One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth, and that days coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety. The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).

610、The Council approved, and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge “Nutty Narrows. ”After architects designed the bridge, Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction. They built the 60foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose (消防水带). It cost $1,000. It didnt take long befor

611、e reports of squirrels using the bridge started. Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching_them_the_ropes. The story was picked up by the media, and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world. In 1983, after 20 years of use, Peters took down the wornout bridge. Repai

612、rs were made and crosspieces were replaced. The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983, hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge. Peters died in 1984, and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion t

613、o the project.67. The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to _. A. offer squirrels a place to eat nutsB. set up a local landmarkC. help improve trafficD. protect squirrels68. What happened over the coffee break discussion?A. The committee got the Councils blessing.B. The squirrel bridge idea was

614、 born.C. A councilwoman named the bridge.D. A squirrel was found dead. 69. What does the underlined phrase “teaching them the ropes” probably mean in the text?A. Passing them a rope. B. Directing them to store food for winter.C. Teaching them a lesson. D. Showing them how to use the bridge. 70. Whic

615、h of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?A. It was replaced by a longer one. B. It was built from wood and metal.C. It was rebuilt after years of use. D. It was designed by Bill Hutch. 71. What can we learn about Amos Peters?A. He is remembered for his love of animals.B. He donated $1,000 t

616、o build the bridge.C. He was a member of the City Council.D. He was awarded a medal for building the bridge. 2012全国卷 ACold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter(住所) as they are. Some owners will l

617、eave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you ha

618、ve to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of nonfrozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can b

619、e very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant

620、get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?AThey are often forgotten by their owners.BThey are used to living outdoors.CThey build their own shelte

621、rs.DThey like to stay in warm places.42Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?ATo know when to bring them inside.BTo keep them from eating bad food.CTo help them find shelters.DTo keep them company.43If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather,

622、they may _.Arun short of clean waterBdig deep holes for funCdirty the snow nearbyDget lost in the wild44What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem.BTo give practical advice.CTo tell an interesting story.DTo present a research result.的宠物。因此选B。A项“解决问题”；C项“讲述一个有趣的故事”；D项“呈现一个研究结果”，与作者的意图不符。201

623、2全国卷 EMake Up Your Mind to SucceedKindhearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones a winner.” And their report cards sounded more pos

624、itive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have a great effect on how we

625、 react to it. Heres how they work：A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is geneticyoure a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mindset believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, its quick t

626、o blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely heavensent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego(自尊) isnt on the line as much, the growth mindset sees failure as a chance rather than sh

627、ame. When faced with a difficulty, its quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mindsets. (Otherwise, we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encouraging certai

628、n actions and misdirecting praise. Dwecks book, Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failur

629、e.57What does the author think about the present generation?AThey dont do well at school.BThey are often misunderstood.CThey are eager to win in sports.DThey are given too much praise.58A fixed mindset person is probably one who _.Adoesnt want to work hardBcares a lot about personal safetyCcannot sh

630、are his ideas with othersDcan succeed with the help of teachers59What does the growth mindset believe?AAdmitting failure is shameful.BTalent comes with ones birth.CScores should be highly valued.DGetting over difficulties is enjoyable.60What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks study

631、?AEncourage them to learn from failures.BPrevent them from making mistakes.CGuide them in doing little things.DHelp them grow with praise. 2012辽宁卷 DInside the pleasingly fragrant cafe, So All May Eat(SAME) in downtown Denver, the spirit of generosity(慷慨)is instantly noticeable: A donation box stands

632、 in place of a cash register. Customers here pay only what they can afford, no questions asked.A risky business plan, perhaps, but SAME Cafe has done one unchangeable thing in the Mile High City for six years: Open only at midday, the restaurant provides poor local people with healthy, delicious lun

633、ches six days a week. Those unable to pay for their meals can instead volunteer as waiters and waitresses, and dishwashers, or look after the buildings and equipment for the cafe.“Its based on trust, and its working all right，” says coowner Brad Birky, who started the cafe in 2006 with his wife Libb

634、y. Previously volunteering at soup kitchens, the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.“We wanted to offer quality food in a restaurant where everyone felt comfortable, regardless of their circumstances，” Birky says. SAMEs special lunch menu changes daily and most

635、 food materials are natural and grown by local farmers.The cafe now averages 65 to 70 customers (and eight volunteers) a day. And the spirit of generosity behind the project appears to be spreading. In early 2007, one volunteer who had cleared snow for his meals during the long winter said goodbye t

636、o the Birkys. “He said he was going to New Orleans to help with the hurricane cleanup，” says Birky.68. What can we learn about the soup kitchens the Birkys previously worked for? A. They refused to have volunteers. B. They offered low quality food. C. They provided customers with a good environment.

637、 D. They closed down because of poor management.69. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The customers who cannot pay can work as volunteers instead. B. More volunteers will go to New Orleans for the hurricane cleanup.C. Many new cafes will be opened to offer free lunches in

638、the town. D. The lunch menu has remained the same since the cafe was started.70. The authors attitude towards running such a cafe is _.A. unfavorable B. approvingC. doubtful D. cautious 2012江西卷 CBig Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provid

639、es friendship and fun by matching vulnerable_young_people (ages 717)with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.Volunteer tutors come from all walks of lifemarried, single，with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social wor

640、kers.They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park，cooking，p

641、laying sport or going to a football match.These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive selfrespect，confidence and life direction.Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most wellknown provider of tutor services in

642、ternationally and has been operating for 25 years.Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10yearold girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me.Emilys mum came across Big Brothers B

643、ig Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by providing different feedback (反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her selfworth.Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun

644、for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes its all work and no play.Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comforta

645、ble in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is! 66. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters? A. To offer students public services. B. To help students improve their grades. C. To organize sport activities for young people. D. To provide partnership and fun for young people. 67. A volun

646、teer is usually expected to work within a year for at least _.A24 hours B. 36 hours C. 48 hours D. 72 hours 68. According to Emilys mother, this program may provide Emily with _. A. advice from her teachers B. a new way to assess herself C. a new way to judge her schoolmates D. more comments from he

647、r schoolmates69. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program? A. She used to be a volunteer. B. She needed a parttime job. C. She felt a bit bored with her life. D. She wanted to get a challenging job.70. According to the passage, vulnerable young people are probably those who are _. A. popula

648、r at school Brather weak physically Ceasily hurt emotionally D. confident in themselves 2012江西卷 DFor those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages. Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which

649、once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.Yet some people wonder if the revolution in travel has gone too far. A price has been paid, they say, for the conqu

650、est (征服) of time and distance. Travel_is_something_to_be_enjoyed,_not_endured (忍受). The boat offers leisure and time enough to appreciate the everchanging sights and sounds of a journey. A journey by train also has a special charm about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains sweeping past your

651、carriage window create a grand view in which time and distance mean nothing. On board a plane, however, there is just the blank blue of the sky filling the narrow windows of the airplane. The soft lighting, inflight films and gentle music make up the only world you know, and the hours progress slowl

652、y.Then there is the time spent being processed at a modern airport. People are conveyed like robots along walkways; baggage is weighed, tickets produced, examined and produced yet again before the passengers move to another waiting area. Journeys by rail and sea take longer, yes, but the hours devot

653、ed to being processed at departure and arrival in airports are luckily absent.No wonder, then, that the modern highspeed trains are winning back passengers from the airlines. Man, however, is now a world traveler and cannot turn his back on the airplane. The working lives of too many people depend u

654、pon it; whole new industries have been built around its design and operation. The holidaymaker, too, with limited time to spend, patiently endures the busy airports and the limited space of the flight to gain those extra hours and even days, relaxing in the sun. Speed controls peoples lives; time sa

655、ved, in work or play, is the important thingor so we are told. Perhaps those first horsemen, riding free across the wild, open plains, were enjoying a better world than the one we know today. They could travel at will, and the clock was not their master.71. What does the writer try to express in Par

656、agraph 1? A. Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages. B. The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short. C. The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams. D. Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.72. How does the writer support

657、 the underlined statement in Paragraph 2? A. By giving instructions. B. By analyzing cause and effect. C. By following the order of time. D. By giving examples.73. According to Paragraph 3, passengers are turning back to modern highspeed trains because_. A. they pay less for the tickets B. they feel

658、 safer during the travel C. they can enjoy higher speed of travel D. they dont have to waste time being processed74. What does the last sentence of the passage mean? A. They could enjoy free and relaxing travel. B. They needed the clock to tell the time. C. They preferred traveling on horseback. D.

659、They could travel with their master.75. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Air travel benefits people and industries. B. Train travel has some advantages over air travel. C. Great changes have taken place in modern travel. D. The high speed of air travel is gained at a cost. 2012江苏卷 BDeputy Ag

660、riculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan sees an epidemic (流行病) sweeping across Americas farmland. It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and cropeating insects. The countrys farmers are getting older, and there are fewer people standing in line to take their p

661、lace. National agricultural census (普查) figures show that the fastestgrowing group of farmers is the part over 65. Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed.Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country in

662、 hopes of encouraging more students to think about careers in agriculture. Aside from trying to stop the graying of Americas farmers, her work is made tougher by a recent blog posting that put agriculture at No. 1 on a list of “useless” college degrees. Top federal agriculture officials are talking

663、about the posting, and it has the attention of agricultural organizations across the country.“There couldnt be anything thats more incorrect，” Merrigan said. “We know that there arent enough qualified graduates to fill the jobs that are out there in American agriculture.” In addition, a growing worl

664、d population that some experts predict will require 70% more food production by 2050, she said. “I truly believe were at a golden age of agriculture. Global demand is at an alltime record high, and global supplies are at alltime record lows，”said Matt Rush, director of the Texas Farm Bureau. “Produc

665、tion costs are going to be valuable enough that younger people are going to have the opportunity to be involved in agriculture.” The Department of Agriculture has programs aimed at developing more farmers and at increasing interest in locally grown food. The National Young Farmers Coalition has also

666、 been pushing for state and federal policy changes to make it easier for new farmers.Ryan Best, president of Future Farmers of America, has been living out of a suitcase, traveling the country and visiting with high school students about careers in agriculture. The 21yearold Best hopes his messageth

667、at this is a new time in agriculturewill motivate the next generation to_turn_around_the_statistics. “Never before have we had the innovations (创新) in technology which have led to agriculture in this country being the most efficient it has ever been，” he said. “Theres really a place for everybody to

668、 fit in.”59. What is the new challenge to American agriculture?A. Fewer and older farmers. B. Higher fuel prices.C. More natural disasters. D. Lower agricultural output.60. Why is Merrigan visiting universities across the country?A. To draw federal agriculture officials attention.B. To select qualif

669、ied agriculture graduates.C. To clarify a recent blog posting.D. To talk more students into farming careers.61. According to Matt Rush, American agriculture will provide opportunities for younger people because _.A. the government will cover production costsB. global food supplies will be even lower

670、C. investment in agriculture will be profitableD. America will increase its food export62. What do the underlined words “to turn around the statistics” in the last paragraph mean?A. To reanalyze the result of the national census.B. To increase agricultural production.C. To bring down the average age

671、 of farmers.D. To invest more in agriculture. 2012湖北卷 AYouve just come home, after living abroad for a few years. Since youve been away, has this country changed for the betteror for the worse?If youve just arrived back in the UK after a fortnights holiday, small changes have probably surprised youa

672、nything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobilephone shop to someone in your street moving house.So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noti

673、cedor now take for granted? To find out, we asked some people who recently returned.Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middleclass familiesall very conservative(保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here mainly to work

674、in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners.Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, Id think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country

675、because theyre more openminded and often work harder than the natives.Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place wed left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed.To see

676、 policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frighteningin Cyprus, theyre very relaxedand I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metalmade buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport carhire fir

677、m wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what theyve got.51After a short overseas holiday, people tend to _.Anotice small changesBexpect small

678、changesCwelcome small changesDexaggerate small changes52How does Debi look at the foreign settlers?ACautiously. BPositively.CSceptically. DCritically.53When arriving at the airport in Britain, Christine was shocked by _.Athe relaxed policemenBthe messy arrivals hallCthe tight securityDthe bank robbe

679、rs54Which might be the best title for the passage?ALife in Britain.BBack in Britain.CBritain in Future.DBritain in Memory. 2012湖北卷 BWhen my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.It goes like this: You cant take any means of transportation more than once. We would star

680、t from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. Wed take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the train, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didnt like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end o

681、f the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day.The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on ca

682、rs only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidencethe product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just lightrai

683、l lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolboxand often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet. On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestrut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was t

684、he point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when

685、I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, wheres the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?Im writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didnt try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My fl

686、ight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.55Which was forbidden by Mom on Transportation Days?AHaving a car ride.BTaking the train twice.CBuying more than one toy.DTouring the historic district.56According to the writer, what

687、 was the greatest benefit of her Transportation Days?ABuilding confidence in herself.BReducing her use of private cars.CDeveloping her sense of direction.DGiving her knowledge about vehicles.57The underlined word “paralyzed”(in Para.5) is closest in meaning to “_”Adisplayed BjustifiedCignored Druine

688、d58Which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?AAirplane. BSubway.CTrain. DCar. than once.可知B项中twice不可以做，所以B项正确。 2012湖北卷 DHow is it that siblings(兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in_a_different_family. The firstborn is, for

689、a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in

690、 a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and

691、 sisters are a lasting force in each others lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same oneonone time with parents. But that doesnt mean that the younger children

692、 have problems with language development. Laterborns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”A Cambridge Unive

693、rsity study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Lovehate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs. One way children seek more a

694、ttention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a m

695、aximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.

696、63The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_” Ain a different family environment Bin a different family tradition Cin different family crises Din different families64In terms of language development, laterborns _. Aget their parents individual guidance Blearn a lot from their

697、elder siblings Cexperience a lot of difficulties Dpick up words more quickly65What was found about fights among siblings? ASiblings hated fighting and loved playing. BSiblings in some families fought frequently. CSibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. DSiblings learned to get on together f

698、rom fights.66The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_” Ahaving qualities of parents Bhaving qualities of women Chaving defensive qualities Dhaving extraordinary qualities阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 2012广东卷 A “Have a nice day！” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend

699、 Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.“Have a nice day. Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my

700、 groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone (腔调) with a fixed procedure. They_are_spoken_at_me,_not_to_me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with ea

701、ch other.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we dont know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? Im terribly sorry, but have a nice day. ”The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says

702、 “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heartwarming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl,

703、the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere

704、, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.26. How does the author understand Maxies words? AMaxie shows her anxiety to the author. BMaxie really wishes the author a good day. CMaxie encourages the author to stay happy. DMaxie really worries about the authors

705、security.27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? AThe salesgirl is rude. BThe salesgirl is bored. CThe salesgirl cares about me. DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.28. By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may _. Atry to be polite to you Bexpress respect to you Cgive his

706、 blessing to you Dshare his pleasure with you29. According to the last paragraph, people say “Have a nice day” _. Asincerely Bas thanks Cas a habit Dencouragingly30. What is the best title of the passage? AHave a Nice Day a Social Custom BHave a Nice Day a Pleasant Gesture CHave a Nice Day a Heartwa

707、rming Greeting DHave a Nice Day a Polite Ending of a Conversation 2012广东卷 DSports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and the

708、n they have sold audiences to advertisers.An attraction of sport programs for the major U. S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and Sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especi

709、ally among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sp

710、onsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make fam

711、ily decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收视率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of

712、people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling highpriced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue

713、to carry these programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach highincome consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the air.41. Television

714、 sport programs on weekend afternoons _. Aresult in more sport events Bget more viewers to play sports Cmake more people interested in television Dbring more money to the television networks42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs? ABecause there would be few viewers.

715、 BBecause the advertisers would be off work. CBecause television programs would go slowly. DBecause viewers would pay less for watching television.43. In many families, men make decisions on _. Aholiday trips Bsports viewing Ctelevision shopping Dexpensive purchases44. The ratings are not important

716、for golf and tennis programs because _. Atheir advertisers are carmakers Btheir viewers are attracted by sports Ctheir advertisers target at rich people Dtheir viewers can afford expensive cars45. What is the passage mainly about? ATelevision ratings are determined by male viewers. BRich viewers con

717、tribute most to television companies. CSports are gaining importance in advertising on television. DCommercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events. 2012福建卷 ASome people believe that a Robin Hood is at work, others that a wealthy person simply wants to distribute his or her fortune bef

718、ore dying. But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales(童话)The first envelope was sent to a victim support group. It contained 10,000 with a cutting from the Braunsch

719、weiger Zeitung about how the group supported a woman who was robbed of her handbag; similar plain white anonymous(匿名) envelopes, each containing 10,000, then arrived at a kindergarten and a church.The envelops keep coming, and so far at least 190, 000 has been distributed. Last month, one of them wa

720、s sent to the newspapers own office. It came after a story it published about Tom, a 14yearold boy who was severely disabled in a swimming accident. The receptionist at the Braunschweiger Zeitung opened an anonymous white envelope to find 20 notes of 500 inside, with a copy of the article.The name o

721、f the family was underlined.“I was driving when I heard the news，”Claudia Neumann, the boys mother, told Der Spiegel magazine.“I had to park on the side of the road; I was speechless.”The money will be used to make the entrance to their house wheelchairaccessible and for a course of treatment that t

722、heir insurance company refused to pay for.“For someone to act so selflessly, for this to happen in such a society in which everyone thinks of himself, was astonishing，” Mrs.Neumann said. Her family wonder whether the donator is a Robin Hood character, taking from banks to give to the needy.Henning N

723、oske, the editor of the Braunschweiger Zeitung, said：“Maybe it is an old person who is about to die. We just do not know.”However, he has told his reporters not to look for the citys hero, for fear that discovery may stop the donations.56The Braunschweiger Zeitung is the name of _.Aa church Ba bankC

724、a newspaper Da magazine57Which of the following is TRUE about the donation to Tom?AThe donation amounted to 190, 000.BThe donation was sent directly to his house.CThe money will be used for his education.DHis mother felt astonished at the donation.58It can be inferred from the passage that _.Athe do

725、nator is a rich old manBthe donation will continue to comeCthe donation comes from the newspaperDthe donator will soon be found out59What would be the best title for the passage?AMoney Is Raised by the NewspaperBNewspaper Distributes Money to the NeedyCUnknown Hero Spreads Love in EnvelopesDRobin Ho

726、od Returns to the City 2012陕西卷 DSpring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not. A high school

727、newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey(传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expre

728、ssion of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, bu

729、t for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees(雇员)，because those people represent the companies to their customer.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our cu

730、stomers. There are plenty of wellqualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am openminded, I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer.

731、 No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.57Which of the following is the newspaper editors opinion according to Paragraph 2? APeoples appearances carry messages about themselves.BCustom

732、ers choices influence dress standards in companies.CCandidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.DStrange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.58What can be inferred from the text? ACandidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.BWhat to wear is no

733、t a matter of personal choice for companies.CCompanies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. DHiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.59Which of the following would be the best title for the text? AEmployees MatterBPersonal Choices MatterCAppearances MatterDHirin

734、g Managers Matter60The authors attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as_. Aenthusiastic Bnegative Cpositive Dsympathetic2011年高考题1.（2011天津卷）DBlind imitation (模仿)is self-destruction.To those who do not recognize their unique worth. Imitation appears attractive: t

735、o those who know their strength. Imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone elses way of cooking when I could crea

736、te my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a childs bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child,

737、you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities.

738、Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique

739、.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have affected you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration,not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creativ

740、e people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models,accept the gifts they have given,and leave behind what does not server.Then you can say,”I stand on the

741、shoulders of my ancestors”tragedies and tory ,and know that they are cheering on.51.Imitation proves useful when you .A.know you are uniqueB.lose the balance of lifeC.begin to learn something newD.get tired of routine practice52. To avoid the bad result of imitation, we should_.A. forget daily fear

742、and painB. choose the right exampleC. ask others for decisionsD. stay away from stars53.According to the author. The world moves on because of those who are .A. desperate to influence others with their knowledge B. ready to turn their original ideas into realityC. eager to discover what their ancest

743、ors didD. willing to accept others ideas54.The trouble a creator faces is .A. the lack of strong motivationB. the absence of practical ideas C. how to search for more materialsD. how to use imagination creatively55. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?A. To highlight the importance o

744、f creatively.B. To criticize the characters of role models.C. To compare imitation with creation.D. To explain the meaning of success.CBBDA【文章大意】2.（2011天津卷）CAn idea that started in Seattles public library has spread throughout America and beyond. The concept is simple: help to build a sense of commu

745、nity in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same tome.In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families a

746、nd schools. The idea came from Seattle librarian Nancy Pearl who launched (发起）the If All of Seattle Read the Same Book project in 1998. Her original program used author visits,study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other

747、American cities, and even to Hong kong.In Chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of To Kill a Mockingbird as the first book in the One Book, One Chicago program. As a result, reading clubs and neighbourhood groups sprang up around the city. Across the US, stories emerged

748、 of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. The only problem arose in New York ,where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. This may show that the idea works best in medium

749、-sized cities or large towns,where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved .Or it may show that New Yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy And passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.Ultimately was Nancy points out,the level of success is

750、 not measured by how many people read a book,but by how many people are enriched by the process.or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.46.What is the purpose of the project launched by Nancy?A.To invite authors to guide readers.B.To encourage people

751、 to read and share.C.To involve people in community service.D.To promote the friendship between cities.47.Why was it difficult for New Yorkers to carry out the project?A.They had little interest in reading.B.They were too busy to read a book.C.They came from many different backgroundsD.They lacked s

752、upport from the local government48.According to the passage,where would the project be more easily carried out?A.In large communities with little sense of unityB.In large cities where libraries are far from homeC.In medium-sized cities with a diverse populationD.In large towns where agreement can be

753、 quickly reached49.The underlined words“shared a word”in Paragraph 5 probably mean A.exchanged ideas with each otherB.discussed the meaning of a wordC.gamed life experience D.used the same language50.According to Nancy,the degree of students of the project is judged by A. the careful selection of a

754、proper bookB. the growing popularity of the writersC.the number of people who benefit from reading.D.the number of books that each person reads.BCDAC3.（2011重庆卷）ESkeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the enviroment, and they are tired of pe

755、ople who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explain why a new boo

756、k by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborgs views are similar to those of

757、 some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspape

758、r in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science

759、 magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is oft

760、en inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.72. According to

761、 the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?A. People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.B. People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C. People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D. People who spread comforting news to protect our enviro

762、nment.73. Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs books?A. Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests. B. The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.C. The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D. Industryfunded media pres

763、ent confusing information.74. The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_.A. voice a different opinionB. find fault with Lomborgs book C. challenge the authority of the mediaD. point out the value of scientific views.75. What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?A. To encour

764、age the skeptics to have a critical eye.B. To warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.C. To blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.D. To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.BAAD【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章剖析了媒体在环保方面因误导公众造成的不良影响，表达了媒体应

765、全面传递信息的重要性。72. B 4.（2011安徽卷）BThink about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources（来源）, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills（风车）began to be used in ancient Iran back in the

766、 seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.For many centuries, people used windmills to grind（磨碎）wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the

767、late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s, when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.During the 1970s, people start

768、ed becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and

769、more of our electricity through the use of wind.5.（2011山东卷）C Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.

770、 “I have two kids in college, and I want to say come home, but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid from the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through

771、the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need stud

772、ent loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while

773、average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “If we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it thro

774、ugh debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal

775、 loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted. 67. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem? A. They asked their kids to come home. B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school. C. They encouraged their twin sons to do pa

776、rt-time jobs. D. They got help from the school and the federal government.68. Financial aid administrators believe that _. A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses B. the government will receive more letters of complaint C. college tuition fees will double soon D. Americas unemplo

777、yment will fall 69.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text? A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.B. Their income remained steady in the last decade. C. They will try their best to send kids to college.D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.70.Accord

778、ing to the last paragraph, the government will . A. provide most students will scholarshipsB. dismiss some financial aid administratorsC. stop the companies from making student loansD. go on providing financial support for college students6.（2011江西卷）CThe garden city was largely the invention of Eben

779、ezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating form England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the so

780、urce of Howards name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty a

781、nd crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(萧条) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howards

782、idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howards idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was boug

783、ht at the bottom price.Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more peopl

784、e moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of

785、 jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.66. How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities? A. Through his observation of the country life. B. Through

786、the combination of different ideas. C. By taking other peoples advice. D. By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.67. The underlined phrase“drawing on ”in Paragraph 1 probably means_. A. making use of B. making comments on C. giving an explanation of D. giving a description of 68. Accordi

787、ng to Howard, garden cities should be built_. A. as far as possible from existing cities B. in the countryside where the land was cheap C. in the countryside where agriculture was developed D. near cities where employment opportunities already existed69. What can we learn about garden cities from th

788、e last paragraph? A. Their number would continue to rise B. Each one would continue to become larger C. People would live and work in the same place D. Each one would contain a certain type of business70. What could be the best title for the passage? A. City and CountrysideB. The Invention of the Ga

789、rden City C.A New City in ChicagoD. A Famous Garden City in England7.（2011广东卷）AIn the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hol

790、d doors for me, pour cream into my cofffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people,but sometimes I was sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They dont get to see this soft

791、side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending were brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness thats in them.Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwel

792、l and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning(按喇叭)or even shouting at me. At that moment, I decided to do something I had never done in twenty-four of driving I put on the flashlights and drove on at a really low sp

793、eed.No more angry shouts and no more horns!When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here, I am weak and doing the best I can,” And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldnt get around me because of the stream of passi

794、ng traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.Sometimes weakness call for us to act strong and brave even when we dont that those far between. More often, it would be better if we dont pretend to feel strong when we feel

795、 weak or pretend that we are brave when were scared.26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when_.A. they offer their helpB. they receive others helpC.they feel others kindnessD. they show their weakness27. The author feels sad sometimes because _. A. he has a soft heart B. he reli

796、es much on others C. some people pretend to be kind D. some people fail to see the kindness in others28. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?A. They speed up to pass. B. They waited with patience. C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too.29. In t

797、his passage, the author advises us to _. A. handle problems by ourselves B. accept help from others C. admit our weakness D. show our bravery30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. A Wheelchair Experience. B. Weakness and Kindness. C. Weakness and StrengthD. A Driving Experi

798、ence8.（2011浙江卷）C In the more and more competitive service industry , it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today , customer “delight” is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a

799、 number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyalNew challenges for customer care

800、 have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet.For example，many companies now have to invest (投资)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone_rage“Many people do not like talking to machines，”says D

801、r. Storey，Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School.“Banks，for example，encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust themthe sort of comfortable

802、 feelings people have during facetoface chats with their local branch manager.”Recommended ways of creating customer delight include：underpromising and overdelivering (saying that a repair will be carried out within five hours，but getting it done within two)；replacing a faulty product immediately；th

803、rowing in a gift voucher (购物礼券)as an unexpected “thank you” to regular customers；and always returning calls，even when they are complaints.Aiming for customer delight is all very well，but if services do not reach the high level promised，disappointment or worse will be the result.This can be eased by

804、offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.Customer care is o

805、bviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as “we do as we please”On the other hand，the more customers are promised，the greater the risk of disappointment.50We can learn from Paragraph 2 that _.Acomplaining customers are hard to satisfyBunsatisfied customers recei

806、ve better serviceCsatisfied customers catch more attentionDwelltreated customers promote business51The writer mentions“phone rage”(Paragraph 3)to show that _.Acustomers often use phones to express their anger Bpeople still prefer to buy goods onlineCcustomer care becomes more demandingDcustomers rel

807、y on their phones to obtain services52What does the writer recommend to create customer delight?ACalling customers regularly.BGiving a “thank you” note.CDelivering a quicker service.DPromising more gifts.53If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph 6)，what would he probably say?A“I know how ups

808、et you must be.”B“I appreciate your understanding.”C“Im sorry for the delay.”D“I know its our fault.”54Customer delight is important for airlines because _.Atheir telephone style remains unchangedBthey are more likely to meet with complaints Cthe services cost them a lot of moneyDthe policies can be

809、 applied to their staff55Which of the following is conveyed in this article?AFacetoface service creates comfortable feelings among customers.BCompanies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.CA company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.DCustomer delight is more

810、 important for airlines than for banks.9.（2011全国II）ASince 1984, Philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. One by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. So far, more than 1,800 murals（壁画）have been painted.Philadelphia now has more murals than any other American city.The wall

811、s that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the Mural Arts Program (MAP). Its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. The program began as part of Philadelphias Anti-Graffiti Netwo

812、rk. Jane Golden is the MAPs artistic director. When people ask me what ow program is about, she says, I answer them with one word: hope. Each .year, the MAP offers youth art programs and workshops. Some one-time graffiti writers even help paint MAP murals. The MAPs work, says Golden, is all about de

813、veloping a sense of community（社区）When a neighborhood requests a mural, the MAP works with the people there to develop a message. Some messages have been Safe Streets, Love and Care, and Peace Walk.The MAP receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. Last year, the workers painted 140 murals. The

814、 making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history says Golden, who began as a muralist in Los Angeles.41 What can be the best title for the text? A. Love, from Graffiti Writers to Muralists B. MAP, a New Company in Philadelphia C. Jane,

815、an Excellent Mural Artist D. Hope, One Wall at a Time42. What is the Mural Arts Program in Philadelphia aimed at? A. Helping the young find jobs. B. Protecting the neighborhood. C. Fighting against graffiti. D. Attracting more visitors.43How does the MAP decide on the message for a mural? A. By havi

816、ng discussions with people in the community. B By seeking advice from the city government. C By learning from the young graffiti writers. D. By studying the history of the city.44. Which of the following words best describes the work of the MAP? A. Difficult. BDangerous. C. ExperimentalD. Successful

817、.【答案】DCAD10.（2011四川卷）EIn business, theres a speed difference: Its the difference between how important a firms leaders say speed is to their competitive (竞争的) strategy（策略）and how fast the company actually moves. The difference is important regardless of industry and company size. Companies fearful o

818、r losing their competitive advantage spend much time and money looking for ways to pick up the speed.In our study of 343 businesses, the companies that chose to go, go, go to try to gain an edge ended with lower sales and operating incomes than those that paused at key moments to make sure they were

819、 on the right track, Whats more, the firms that “slowed down to speed up “improved their top and bottom lines ,averaging 40% higher sales and 52% higher operating incomes over a three-years period.How did they disobey the laws of business physics, taking more time than competitors yet performing bet

820、ter ? They thought differently about what “slower “and “faster” mean. Firms sometimes fail to understand the difference between operation speed (moving quickly ) and strategic speed (reducing the time it takes to deliver value ). Simply increasing the speed of production, for example , may be one wa

821、y to try to reduce the speed difference . But that often leads to reduced value over time, in the form of lower-quality products and services.In our study, high performing companies with strategic speed always made changes when necessary . They became more open to idea and discussion. They encourage

822、d new ways of thinking. And they allowed time to look and learn. By contrast (相比而言). Performance suffered at firms that moved falt all the among their employer , and had little time thinking about changes.Strategic speed serves as a kind of leadership . Teams that regularly take time to get things r

823、ight , rather than plough ahead full bore , are more successful in meeting their business goals . That kind of strategy must come from the top.57 . What does the underlined part “gain an edge ” in Paragraph 2 mean ? A. Increase the speed. B. Get an advantage. C. Reach the limit. D. Set a goal58. The

824、 underlined part “the laws of business physics” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. spending more time and performing worse. B. spending more time and performing better C. spending less time and performing worse D. spending less time and performing better 59. What can we learn from the text? A. how fast a fi

825、rm moves depends on how big it is. B. how competitive a firm is depends on what it produces. C. Firms guided by strategic speed take time to make necessary changes. D. Firms guided by operational speed take time to develop necessary team spirit.60. Where could be the last title for the text? A. Impr

826、ove quality? Serve better. B. Deliver value? Plough ahead. C. Reduce time? Move faster. D. Need speed? Slow down.【答案】BDCD主旨大意题。全文否定了一味强调速度的盲目性，指出了在适当时间采取战略性加速的必要性。因此答案为D。11.（2011辽宁卷）DThe Coalition for the Homeless is an organization that seeks to address the needs of the homeless population in the U

827、nited States. It is a network of offices, some of which provide food and houses for the homeless population, and some of which fight for the passing of laws that of over two hundred million people living in the United States,up to three million are homelessand the number is still growing. Since the

828、late 1970s,fast rising house prices,large cuts in government supported housing programs, and economic recession(经济衰退)have made it impossible for many Americans to meet housing costs. Sadly, this has resulted in a number of persons being forced to leave their homes and/or unable to find new affordabl

829、e homes. According to another research,families with children appear to be the fastest-growing part of the homeless population, making up 39% of it.The old idea of a homeless person,that of the single man who gets drunk all the time,is no longer true. A much lager part of the population now finds it

830、self homeless. Even worse, once a person becomes homeless, he often finds it impossible to find a job,since most employers require anyone who wants a job from them to provide a home address on a job application.67. The word “address” in the first line probably means .A. talk about B. deal with C. fi

831、ght for D. write to68. How many people are homeless in the U.S. according to the Coalition studies?A. 39% of the population. B. 200 million people.C. About 3 million people. D. About one-fifth of the population.69. Homeless people often have difficulty finding a job because_.A. they have no home add

832、ressesB. they mostly have a drinking problemC. they arent supported by government programsD. they often dont have enough work experience70. What is the main cause of the rising number of the homeless in the U.S.?A. The passing of new housing laws.B. The fast growth of family size. C. The slow constr

833、uction of houses.D. The ever-rising price of housing.【答案】BCAD【文章大意】本文介绍了美国的一个专门关注、处理无住所人口需求的组织the Coalition for the Homeless的工作方法及研究成果 美国无家可归的人群的现状。12.（2011福建卷）ADriving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict what other road users will do and ge

834、t ready to react to something unexpected , When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstream and acts as a depressant （抑制药），damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination （协调），slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the drink driving link , driving well

835、be affected.Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possi

836、ble to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.The present Road Traffic Ordinance states clearly that the limit of alcohol concentration is : 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of blood; or 22 micrograms of alcohol per 100ml of breath; or 67 milligrams of

837、alcohol per 100ml of urine(尿液) Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.Any driver found drinking beyond the limit will be charged. The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenc

838、ed to up to 3 years in prison and punished for 10 drivingoffence points; or temporarily banned from driving. The same punishment applies to failing to provide specimens(样本) for breath, blood or urine tests without good excuse.Drink driving is a criminal offence. Be a responsible driver, think before

839、 you drink. For the safety of yourself and other road users, never drive after consuming alcohol.56The first paragraph is mainly about _.A. the introduction of driving skillsB. the damage of drinking to your bodyC. the effect of drinking on drivingD. the process of alcohol being absorbed57The underl

840、ined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”A. alcohol B. absorptionC. blood D. process58Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Drinking below the drink driving limit has no effect on driving.B. Alcohol is taken in more quickly when drunk with fruit juice.C. Having a cup

841、of tea helps to get rid of alcohol from the body.D. 50 milligrams of alcohol per 100ml of breath is below the drink driving limit.59A driver suspected of drink driving_.A. should provide specimens for testingB. will be forbidden to drive for 3 yearsC. will be punished for 10 drivingoffence pointsD. should pay a maximum fine of HK$25,000- 187 - 版权所有高考资源网