《广东》2014版英语《高考专题辅导》课件：语法填空 第2讲 提示词填空语法项目 .ppt

1、第2讲提示词填空语法项目(词形题)一、词性转换与比较等级【典题自测】1.(2013广 东 高 考)“That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in a big city,but it could destroy a small village like ours,”Nick said.参考答案:reasonable。在一座大城市里那将是一件很合理的事情。reasonable合理的。2.(2013广东高考)“But such a small thing couldnt _(possible)destroy a village.”3.(2013大纲版全国卷

2、)It may not be a great suggestion.But before a _(good)one is put forward,well make do with it.参考答案:2.possibly。possibly副词修饰谓语动词destroy。3.better。考查形容词比较级,a better one表示“更好的一个”。4.(2012广东高考)It might have made it a little _(hard)for everybody because it meant they had to turn around,but that didnt stop t

3、he kids in the class.5.(2011广东高考)He pretended that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be _(mental)disabled.参考答案:4.harder。形容词比较级作宾语补足语,注意没有比较结构词的比较级。5.mentally。副词修饰形容词。6.(2011广东高考)I left it early because I had an appointment _(late)that day.7.(2010广东高考)The water was simply the contain

4、er for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be _(sweet).参考答案:6.later。副词作时间状语。7.sweeter。形容词比较级作表语,注意没有比较结构词的比较级。8.(2010广东高考)His teacher took a deep drink,smiled _(warm),and thanked his student very much.9.(2009广东高考)Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her

5、father.参考答案:8.warmly。副词修饰动词。9.choice。介词、冠词、物主代词、形容词等限定词修饰名词。10.(2008广东高考)This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.11.(2008广东高考)He felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_(high).12.(2007广东高考)We drank together and talked _(merry)till far into the night.参考答案:10.natural。

6、形容词修饰名词。11.higher。副词比较级修饰动词,注意没有比较结构词的比较级。12.merrily。副词修饰动词,注意改y为i再加-ly。词性转换指在括号里给出提示词，要求考生根据上下文的意思和语法要求写出该同根词另一词性的派生词。包括要熟悉常用的派生前缀和后缀，还要根据句子成分学会分析填空处该用什么词性。比较等级的考查点包括比较等级和比较结构的用法。附：词性转换的常用前缀、后缀后缀(后缀改变词性)1.名词后缀-age,-ance,-cy,-ence,-er,-or,-ese,-ian,-ist,-ity,-ment,-ness,-tion,-ture,-sion,-sure.2.形容词

7、后缀-al,-an,-ary,-ern,-ent,-ful,-able,-ish,-sive,-tive,-tic(al),-y,-less,-ly,-ed,-ing3.动词后缀-fy,-ize(-ise),-en4.副词后缀-ly,-ward(s)5.数词后缀基数词:-teen,-ty序数词:-th前缀(前缀通常改变词义,少数前缀改变词性)a-,dis-(否定),in-(il-,im-,ir-)(不,非),un-(不),inter-(相互,之间),mis-(误),re-(重复,再),tele-(远程),en-(使可能)热点考向 1 名词名词(noun,n.)是表示人、地、事、性质或行为名称的

8、词类，可作句子的主语、动词的宾语或介词的宾语，以及名词、代词的同位语。帮助理解名词用法的口诀是：名词常作主宾定，不可数单复要分清。(一)不可数名词的相对性1.加a,an表示“量指”，为了表示“一场、一次、一阵、一”的概念，有的不可数名词前可加不定冠词a,an，有的不可数名词可以用复数形式。(1)有的抽象名词表示特性、状态、思维、动作时为不可数名词，但指具有某种特性、状态、情感、情绪时的人或事时为可数名词，常与不定冠词a,an连用。例如：a surprise,a pleasure,a pity,a worry,a great help,a success,a failure,an honour,

9、a beauty等。(2)有的不可数名词加有定语(包括后置定语)时，常与不定冠词a,an连用，表示量指。例如：a heavy rain 一场大雨；a red sun 一轮红日；a new moon 一弯新月等。2.表示不同词义(1)有的物质名词用复数形式表示“范围的扩大”。例如：water水waters 水域、领海air 空气airs 神气、(摆)架子food食物foods 多种食物sand 沙子sands 沙滩(2)有的不可数名词表示不同词义时，用不同的形式。例如：out of work失业a work/many works of Lu Xuns 鲁迅的一部/许多作品a/several st

10、eel works一/几家钢铁厂defence works 防御工事made of glass(用)玻璃制造a glass/3 glasses of water 一/三杯水a pair/2 pairs of glasses一/两副眼镜have fish for food以鱼为食catch many fish(es)(of the same kind)抓很多条鱼researches on the life of the sea fishes 关于海洋鱼类生命的研究a piece of paper一张纸give out papers 分发试卷/论文3.绝对不可数名词下面几个不可数名词不能与a,an

11、连用(但可在前面加the):advice,information,news,word(消息),work(工作),weather,progress,fun,equipment,furniture等。The weather here doesnt agree with me.(二)名词复数的不规则形式1.以 f,fe 结尾的名词注明复数形式的单数 knifeleaflifeshelfthiefwolfyourself复数 knivesleaveslivesshelvesthieveswolvesyourselves未注明复数形式的单数 halfgiraffehousewifewifebeliefc

12、hefhandkerchiefloafscarf self复数halves giraffes/giraffe housewives wives beliefs chefs handkerchiefs/handkerchievesloaves scarfs/scarves selves抽象名词或通常不用复数chiefcafwildlifebehalfgolfreliefroof2.以 o 结尾的名词单 数复 数单 数复 数bambooherobamboosheroeskangarooskilosmosquitoes/mosquitosmottoes/mottospianospotatoesvid

13、eoradiosstudiostobaccos/tobaccoestomatoesvideosvolcanoes/volcanoszooszerosdingoeskangarookilomosquitomottopianopotatoradiostudiotobaccotomatovolcanozoozerodingo3.其他不规则复数变化单 数复 数单 数复 数bacteriumbusinessmanwomanchairmanchairwomanchildcriterionfootgoosemanmouseoxbacteriabusinessmenwomenchairmenchairwome

14、nchildrencriteriafeetgeesemenmiceoxenphenomenonpolicemanpolicewomanpostmansalesmansaleswomansheepspokesmanspokeswomanstatesmanstateswomantoothdeerphenomenapolicemenpolicewomenpostmensalesmensaleswomensheepspokesmenspokeswomenstatesmenstateswomenteethdeer【真题变式】用正确的词形填空：(2012广东高考阅读理解D)(节选)Golf and ten

15、nis are special cases for television programming.These sports attract few 1._(view),and the ratings(收视率)are unusually low.However,the audience for these sports is attractive to certain 2._(advertise).It is made up of people from the 3._(high)income groups in the United States,including many lawyers

16、and business 4._(manage).This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companiesselling high-priced cars,business and 5._(person)computers,and holiday trips.This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs 6._(regard)of low ratings.Advertisers are willing to pay h

17、igh fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make 7._(decide)to buy thousands of“company cars”and computers.With such viewers,these programs dont need high 8._(rate)to stay on the air.参考答案：1.viewers,名词复数作宾语2.advertisers,名词复数作介词宾语3.highest,形容词最高级作定语4.managers,名词复数作介词宾语5.personal,形容词

18、作定语6.regardless,名词加介词构成介词短语7.decisions,名词复数作宾语8.ratings,名词复数作宾语热点考向 2 形容词和副词1.形容词是描绘、修饰、限定名词的词，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。帮助理解形容词用法的口诀是：形容词常作表定语。例如：You can see beautiful scenery through the south-facingwindow.(定语)My brother is handsome and courageous.(表语)We are trying our best to make our country stronger

19、 andstronger.(宾语补足语)They stood there still and thoughtful.(状语)2.副词是修饰形容词、副词、动词以及句子的词。帮助理解副词用法的口诀是：副词形副动和句。例如：This is a really beautiful garden.(修饰形容词)He knows English very well.(修饰副词)Tom knows exactly how to please his father.(修饰动词)Mary didnt go to the cinema.She went to the concert instead.(修饰整个句子)

20、少数副词可以修饰名词，例如：It took us quite some time.Marie is rather a dear.the next up train;the now generation;a year before;four days after(wards);people there;the situation here;.3.副词的构成形式有的副词是独立的形式，如well,soon,seldom,never,even,then,.;有的副词与其形容词同形，如fast,early,late,.;大多数副词由形容词加后缀-ly构成，其词根的个别变化规则如下：(1)不去不发音的e:

21、politepolitely,immediateimmediately,.例外：truetruly,dueduly;(2)改 y为 i再 加-ly：heavyheavily,busybusily,angryangrily,gaygaily,.例外：drydryly,shyshyly;(3)改-le为-ly:simplesimply,ableably,terribleterribly,gentlegently,.(4)-ll后只加y:dulldully,shrillshrilly，.(5)-ic后 加-ally:economiceconomically,basicbasically,scient

22、ificscientifically,.其他常用的副词后缀有：-ward(s),-wise 等。【真题变式】用正确的词形填空。(2012广东高考阅读理解B)(节选)I have been 1._(consistent)opposed to feeding a baby 2._(regular).As a doctor,mother and scientist in child 3._(develop)I believe there is nothing to recommend it,from the babys point of view.Mothers,doctors and nurses

23、 alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is 4._(harm)to brain development and makes a baby easily 5._(annoy).In this state,the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is 6._(possible).The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food wit

24、h its mouth.It is not just unkind but also 7._(danger)to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby 8._(satisfy).The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against 9._(feed)in the night.Ive never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby

25、 feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way,though it may cause some 10._(convenient)in the first few weeks.参考答案：1.consistently,副词修饰动词2.regularly,副词修饰动词3.development,名词作介词宾语4.harmful,形容词作表语5.annoyed,形容词作宾语补足语6.impossible,逻辑上用反义词7.dangerous,

26、形容词作表语8.satisfied,形容词作宾语补足语9.feeding,动名词作介词宾语10.inconvenience,名词作宾语，用反义词热点考向 3 比较等级和比较结构形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级三种。常考的有比较等级的构成、比较结构的用法和比较等级的修饰语等。帮助理解比较等级用法的口诀是：形副比较最高级。(一)比较等级的构成1.形容词和副词的原级就是它们的原形，除它们的一般用法外，还用于as.as,(not)as/so.as句型。例如：This building looks not as/so high as that one.Mr.Sun speaks Engli

27、sh as fluently as you.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成分为加-(e)r;-(e)st或加more，most两种情况：语法要求所加后缀规则形容词、副词的比较级、最高级-(e)r;-(e)st 单音节和少数-er,-ow结尾的双音节形容词和副词more,most多数双音节和所有多音节的形容词和副词2.对于少数加-er,-est构成比较级和最高级的形容词和副词，其变化规则如下：规则所加后缀举 例(1)单音节形容词以及少数以-er,-ow结尾的形容词或副词加-er,-estgreat greater greatest,narrow narrowernarrowest,cleve

28、r cleverercleverest,.(2)以e结尾的形容词和副词只加-r,-stlarge larger largest,ableabler,ablest,simple simpler simplest,.规则所加后缀举 例(3)重读闭音节,且以一个辅音字母结尾的形容词和副词双写该辅音字母后加-er,-esthothotterhottest,thinthinnerthinnest,bigbiggerbiggest,.(4)辅音字母加y结尾且不是后加ly的形容词和副词改y为i后再加-er,-esteasy easiereasiest,early earlierearliest,.3.少数形

29、容词和副词的比较级或最高级不规则:原 级比较级最高级原 级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestmany,muchmoremostbad,ill,badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestoldeldereldestfurtherfurthestolderoldest(二)比较结构(比较等级的用法)比较结构通常可以分为以下几种:比较范围比较结构原级1.A B比较级+than例句:This pen is better than that one.Your room is more beautiful than mine.5.A1A

30、2,A1BC.N,ABC.Nthe+最高级+in/of+比较范围例句:Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He is the taller of the two.He works(the)hardest in his class.注:一倍、两倍分别用once,twice或double,其他有关形容词对应的名词如下:形容词big/largemanymuchhighlongwidedeep名词sizenumberamountheightlengthwidthdepth【真题变式】根据词形变换内容用所给词的正确形式填空。1.(2013辽宁高考)This is

31、by far _(inspiring)movie that I have ever seen.2.(2013天津高考)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of timethere are _(many)meaningful things to do.参考答案:1.the most inspiring,by far修饰最高级。2.more,看电视和其他事情比较。3.(2012辽 宁 高 考)We used to see each other _(regular),but I havent heard from him since last y

32、ear.4.(2011山东高考)Theres a _(traditional)in our office that when its somebodys birthday,they bring in a cake for us all to share.参考答案:3.regularly,副词修饰动词see。4.tradition,不定冠词a表量指,后用名词形式。5.(2011江苏高考)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their _(profession)competence.6.(2

33、011四川高考)Always remember to put such _(danger)things as knives out of childrens reach.参考答案:5.professional,形容词形式修饰后面的名词。6.dangerous,形容词形式修饰后面的名词。7.(2011全国卷)Mr.Stevenson is great to work forI _(real)couldnt ask for a better boss.8.(2011上海高考)When Mom looked back on the early days of their _(marry),she w

34、ondered how they had managed with so little money.参考答案:7.really,副词修饰动词。8.marriage,物主代词后接名词形式。9.(2011湖北高考)An _(happy)childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character;however,they are not always permanent.10.(2011江西高考)The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.Why?Its far more _(in

35、terest)than the films I have ever seen.参考答案:9.unhappy,形容词形式修饰后面的名词,根据句子意思用反义词。10.interesting,形容词形式作表语,说明主语的性质。【跟踪演练】根据比较等级内容在短文的空格内填入所给词的适当形式A There are fifty states in the United States.The 1._(large)in population is California;the largest in area is Alaska.Alaska is the 2._(small)in population and

36、 Rhode Island is the smallest in size.The 3._(old)states are the ones along the Atlantic coast.The 4._(new)states are Alaska and Hawaii.Alaska is also the 5._(cold)state.California and Florida are the warmest.Henry and his family live in Seattle,a 6._(big)city on the Pacific coast.But Los Angeles an

37、d San Francisco,also on the Pacific coast,are 7._(large)than Seattle.Henrys cousin,Susan,lives in New York.It is the 8._(large)city in the United States.Thousands of people visit New York each year.The 9._(important)city in the United States is Washington D.C.It is the capital,but it is much 10._(sm

38、all)than New York.参考答案：1.largest，与in比较范围(50个州)连用，用最高级。2.smallest，与in比较范围连用，用最高级。3.oldest,句中省略比较范围，用最高级。4.newest，句中省略比较范围，用最高级。5.coldest，句中省略比较范围，用最高级。6.big，没有比较结构，用原级。7.larger，与than连用，用比较级。8.largest，与in比较范围连用，用最高级。9.most important，与in比较范围连用，用最高级，多音节形容词加most。10.smaller，与than连用，用比较级。BIn the past,Ameri

39、can families tended to be quite large.Parents raising five or more 1._(child)were common.Over the years the size of the family has decreased.One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living.On the average,children attend schools for more years than they used to,making them 2._(financial)depe

40、nd on their families longer.Moreover,children nowadays are 3._(well)dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment.The parents usually take the 4._(responsible)for all the expenses.Meanwhile,families are 5._(little)close than they used to be.More and more 6._(America)mothers work away from ho

41、me.The break-up of the family occurs when the parents divorce.A lot of children in the U.S.live part of their young 7._(life)with only one parent.Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike.Children blame themselves when their parents separate.They grow up feeling 8._(s

42、ettle)as they are moved back and forth between parents.Usually one parent takes the responsibility for raising the children.These single parents must care for the childrens 9._(emotion)and psychological needs while also supporting them financially.This is very 10._(demand)and leaves very little time

43、 for the parents own personal interests.参考答案：1.children，five or more后用可数名词复数。2.financially，副词修饰短语动词depend on。3.better，副词比较级修饰形容词dressed。4.responsibility，定冠词the后用名词形式。5.less，副词比较级修饰形容词close。6.American，形容词修饰名词复数mothers。7.lives，their young后面接名词复数。8.unsettled，feel后接形容词作表语，根据句意要用反义词。9.emotional，由and得知是并列

44、形容词结构。10.demanding，-ing形容词说明this的性质。二、动词的时态和语态1.(2013广东高考)One day,Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly,he _(find)that he had run out of salt.2.(2013重庆高考)I felt very tired when I got home,and I _(go)straight to bed.参考答案:1.found,他发现盐用光了。本篇短文为叙述过

45、去发生的事情,以一般过去时为主。2.went,用一般过去时表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作。3.(2013大纲版全国卷)We _(leave)very early so we packed the night before.4.(2013浙江高考)During the last three decades,the number of people participating in physical fitness programs _(increase)sharply.参考答案:3.were leaving,leave用进行时表示将来。4.has increased,during the las

46、t three decades意为“近30年来”,这是包括现在时间在内的时间段,用现在完成时。5.(2011广东高考)He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.6.(2011全国卷)Planning so far ahead _(make)no senseso many things will have changed by next year.参考答案:5.pretended,用一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。6.makes,一般现在时表示客观事实。7.(2011北京高考)Bob has gone to Calif

47、ornia.Oh,can you tell me when he _(leave)?8.(2011北京高考)That must have been a long trip.Yeah,it _(take)us a whole week to get there.参考答案:7.left,用一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。8.took,用一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。9.(2011上海高考)After getting lost in a storm,a member of the navy team _(rescue)four days later.10.(2010广东高考)After a four-

48、day journey,the young man _(present)the water to the old man.参考答案:9.was rescued,用一般过去时表示过去一次性的被动动作。10.presented,用一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。11.(2009广东高考)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，”Jane _(inform).12.(2009广东高考)People stepped on your feet or _(push)you with their elbows(肘部)，hurrying ahead to

49、 get to a bargain.参考答案:11.was informed,及物动词后面没有宾语就要考虑用被动语态。12.pushed,并列连词or后面的谓语与前面的谓语stepped一样,也用一般过去时。13.(2008广东高考)Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention.14.(2007广 东 高 考)The sun was setting when my car _(break)down.参考答案:13.results,一般现在时表示经常发生的动作。

50、14.broke,用一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。动词考查的范围很广，按“二类八词”的解题思路是：1.动词谓语非谓语，2.谓语时态和语态，3.非谓语时性主被动。热点考向 1 动词的词形变化动词词形变化包括动词第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词、动名词、过去分词等词形变化。其变化规则如下：应用场合名词复数、动词第三人称单数动词动名词、现在分词动词过去式、过去分词所加后缀加-(e)s加-ing加-ed读音规则读/s,z,Iz/总是读/I/读/t/,/d/或/Id/一般情况直接加-s直接加-ing直接加-ed以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i加-es直接加-ing改y为i加-ed应用场合名词复数、动词第三人称单

51、数动词动名词、现在分词动词过去式、过去分词以不发音的e结尾去e加-(e)s去e加-ing去e加-ed以重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母结尾直接加-s双写词尾字母再加-ing双写词尾字母再加-ed以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es直接加-ing直接加-ed注:1.记住“加-ing不要改y为i;加-(e)s不用双写”两大特殊规则,可以减轻记忆负担。2.不规则动词的过去式、过去分词请参照相关不规则动词表。【真题变式】用正确的词形填空：(2012广东高考语法填空)(节选)Mary will ever forget the first time she 1._(see)him.He suddenly appe

52、ared in class one day,2._(wear)sun glasses.He walked in as if he 3._(buy)the school.And the word quickly got around that he 4._(be)from New York City.For some reason he 5._(sit)beside Mary.Mary felt pleased,because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly 6._(realize)that it wasnt her

53、,it was probably the fact that she sat in the last row.If he 7._(think)he cloud escape attention by 8._(sit)at the back,he was wrong.It might have made it a little harder for everybody because it 9._(mean)they had to turn around,but that didnt stop the kids in the class.Of course whenever they turne

54、d to look at him,they had to look at Mary,which 10._(make)her feel like a star.参考答案：1.saw,一般过去时表示过去一次性动作。2.wearing,现在分词表示伴随情况。3.had bought,表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。4.was,一般过去时表示过去状态。5.sat,一般过去时表示过去状态。6.realized,一般过去时表示过去状态。7.thought,一般过去时表示过去状态。8.sitting,动名词作介词宾语。9.meant,一般过去时表示过去状态。10.made,一般过去时表示过去状态。热点考向 2

55、 动词时态构成与用法(一)时间轴与时态概念时态(Tense)就是用动词的变化形式来表示各种时间条件下的行为、动作和状态。1.时间轴我们可以用表示事件发生顺序的时间轴来说明时态的概念：2.时间的起点和时态用法如果我们把动作发生的时间参照点分为以现在时间为起点和过去时间为起点两种情况，八种常用时态的用法如下表所示。帮助理解时态用法的口诀是：现在起点五时态，过去时态将进完。八种常考时态:时态含 义例 句现在起点一般现在时表示经常发生的动作、状态或客观事实The sun rises in the east.现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作We are learning English.一般过

56、去时表示过去(一次性)发生的动作或存在的状态The train arrived 15minutes ago.时态含 义例 句现在起点一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态It will be windy tomorrow.现在完成时(1)过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在I have learned English for 5 years.(2)过去发生的动作不能持续,但对现在造成影响或结果The train has arrived.(It is still on the platform.)时态含 义例 句过去起点过去将来时表示过去的将来某个时刻发生的动作或存在的状态He said he wo

57、uld come the next day.过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作It was rainingwhen I went home.过去完成时表示过去(ago)的过去(before)发生的动作或存在的状态The train had left before I arrived.从直接引语变间接引语的时态变化规律可以更清楚地看到，这两类时态之间因时间参照点不同而对时态变化所作的要求：He said,“I am an English teacher.”He said that he wasan English teacher.He asked,“What are you doing o

58、ver there?He askedme what I was doing over there.He told me,“We have all passed the exam.”He told me that they had all passed the exam.He announced,“We will hold a sports meeting next month.”He announced that they would hold a sports meeting the next month.(二)运用时态要注意的几个语法概念时态过去现在动作状态持续短暂时间状语一般现在时oft

59、en,usually,sometimes,seldom,every day.现在进行时now,always,constantly,all the time,forever.一般将来时tomorrow,this afternoon,next year,in the future时态过去现在动作状态持续短暂时间状语一般过去时last night,yesterday,two days ago,in 1998.现在完成时already,yet,ever,never,since,for,so far.过去进行时when,while,at that moment,at that time.过去将来时通常用

60、于宾语从句时态过去现在动作状态持续短暂时间状语过去完成时by the end of last month,before,after,when.将来进行时this time tomorrow,next Sunday afternoon现在完成进行时for a long time,always like that,recently.【真题变式】用正确的词形填空：1.(2013江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure.I _(write)a report at home.2.(2013江 苏 高 考)What about your self-dr

61、ive trip yesterday?Tiring!The road is being widened,and we _(have)a rough ride.参考答案:1.will be writing2.had3.(2013湖南高考)If nothing _(do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts.4.(2013湖南高考)Around two oclock every night,Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _(bother)us.5.(2012全国卷)“Life is like

62、 walking in the snow”,Granny used to say,“because every step _(show).”参考答案：3.is done4.bothers 5.shows6.(2012全国卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _(swim)before my eyes.7.(2012北京高考)By the time you have finished this book,your meal _(get)cold.8.(2012北京高考)Our friendship

63、 _(develop)quickly over the weeks that followed.参考答案：6.swam7.will get8.developed9.(2012天津高考)The three of us _(travel)around Europe for about a month last summer.10.(2012江苏高考)The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _(meet)some European business partners.参考答案：9.travelled 10.had me

64、t热点考向 3 动词的被动语态帮助理解被动语态用法的口诀是：及物无宾则被动。(一)被动语态的概念语态是表示句子中主语与谓语动词之间主、被动关系的动词变化形式。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者(doer)，即发出这个动作的主体；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即承受这个动作的客体，例如：和尚造了一座桥。The monks have built a bridge.(和尚是造桥的执行者)河上造了一座桥。A bridge has been built over the river.(河是造桥的地点)被动语态分为谓语动词的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动语态两部分。英语中谓语动词主动语态与被动语态的变化相当于汉

65、语中“把字句”与“被字句”的转换，采用“be+过去分词”的形式(be在不同的时态中有不同的形式变化)，可以用下列公式来说明：不及物动词没有被动语态。对于及物动词来说，谓语后没有宾语，就要考虑用被动语态。例如：I was told that my aunt would come back from America.(tell sb.sth.宾语前置)My brother was offered a good position at IBM.(offer sb.sth.宾语前置)dress sb.in sth.sb.be dressed in sth.suspect sb.of sth.sb.be

66、 suspected of sth.(二)常用谓语时态的被动语态和主动语态形式变化比较时态动词主动语态被动语态一般时态一般现在时writewrite,writesis/am/are written一般过去时finishfinishedwas/were finished将来时态一般将来时workwill/shall work will/shall be worked过去将来时movewould movewould be moved时态动词主动语态被动语态进行时态现在进行时studyis/am/are studyingis/am/are being studied过去进行时readwas/were

67、 readingwas/were being read将来进行时learnwill/shall be learning完成时态现在完成时stealhave/has stolenhave/has been stolen过去完成时findhad foundhad been found现在完成进行时repair have/has been repairing【真题变式】用正确的词形填空：1.(2013福建高考)The girl has a great interest in sport and _(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last t

68、hree years.2.(2013北京高考)Do you think Mom and Dad _(be)late?No,Swiss Air is usually on time.参考答案:1.has been taking,指上羽毛球课这一动作已持续了三年,并且还有可能持续下去,故用现在完成进行时。2.will be,表示将来。3.(2013北京高考)Hurry up!Mark and Carol _(expect)us.4.(2012辽宁高考)Mum,I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _(pay)on Fr

69、iday.参考答案:3.are expecting,由Hurry up可知expect这一动作正在发生。4.get paid,一般将来时的被动语态,until从句中省略了will。5.(2012北京高考)Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes,fortunately no one _(hurt).6.(2012上海高考)Is honesty the best policy?We _(teach)that it is when we are little.参考答案:5.was hurt,一般过去时的被动语态。6.are taught,一般

70、现在时的被动语态。7.(2012上海高考)I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month,he _(save)enough for a used one.8.(2012天津高考)The letters for the boss _(put)on his desk but he didnt read them until three days later.参考答案:7.will have saved,将来完成时。8.were put,一般过去时的被动语态。9.(2012四川高考)They are living wit

71、h their parents for the moment because their own house _(rebuild).10.(2012安徽高考)After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading,only to be told that it _(decorate).参考答案:9.is being rebuilt,现在进行时的被动语态。10.was being decorated,过去进行时的被动语态。热点考向 4 条件句及其他虚拟语气虚拟语气就是用不同于一般时态用法的动词变化形式来表示“与事实相符还是相反”“可

72、能性大还是小”等语气的一种动词形式。虚拟语气要根据“过去、现在、将来三个时间段”“与事实相符还是相反”“可能性大还是小”这三个方面来确定谓语动词的形式。帮助理解时态用法的口诀是：虚拟条件并其他。(一)真实条件句真实条件句1.Zero Conditional(表示与客观事实相符,用陈述语气)(1)表示客观事实If从句主句例 句一般现在时一般现在时If you heat ice,it turns to water.(2)表示要求、命令或建议If从句主句例 句一般现在时祈使句If you feel sleepy,go to bed.2.First Conditional(表示与现在或将来事实相符或可

73、能性较大,用陈述语气)与现在或将来事实相符或可能性较大If从句主句一般现在时一般将来时She will buy a computer if she gets the job.(二)假设条件句虚拟(假设)条件句3.Second Conditional(表示与现在或将来事实相反或可能性较小,用虚拟语气)(1)与现在事实相反或可能性较小If从句主句一般过去时would/could/should/might+原形例句:If I were you,I wouldnt do that.(2)与将来事实相反或可能性较小If从句主句一般过去时;should+原形;were to dowould/could/s

74、hould/might+原形例句:If I became an MP,I would fight for animal rights.虚拟(假设)条件句4.Third Conditional(表示与过去事实相反或可能性较小,用虚拟语气)(3)与过去事实相反或可能性较小If从句主句过去完成时would/could/should/might+have done例句:If I had known the answer,I would have passed the exam.混合、错综条件句主句和从句表示的时间不同根据不同的时间选用不同的时态例句:If we hadnt found him,he w

75、ould be dead.If Ann were here,she would have helped us.I would help you more,but I am too busy.含蓄条件句不出现if的条件句根据不同的时间选用不同的时态例句:What would you do with a one-million-dollar note?We couldnt have finished the job without your help.But for the rain,we would have come home.注:如果if从句中有had,were,should这三个助动词,可

76、以省略if而将主谓倒装。例如:If I had known the answer,I would have passed the exam.=Had I known the answer,I would have passed the exam.If I were you,I wouldnt do that.=Were I you,I wouldnt do that.(三)虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用应用场合谓语形式功能作用宾语从句1.wish后的从句2.rather than后的从句had+过去分词与过去情况相反过去式与现在情况相反would/could+动词原形与将来情况相反应用场合谓语形式

77、功能作用宾语从句1.disco:demand,insist,suggest,command,order2.I drop caps:insist,demand/desire,require/request,order,propose,command,advise,prefer,suggest等后的从句(should)do表示建议、要求、命令应用场合谓语形式功能作用表语从句和同位语从句advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词后的从句(should)do 表示建议、要求、命令应用场合谓语形式功能作用主语从句It is n

78、ecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.(should)do表示“惊奇、不相信、理应如此”等意思It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.It is desired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)that.应用场合谓语形式功能作用定语从句It is high/very/about time that.were或should+动词原形表示“该了”其他情况1.as if/as though,even if/even though后的从句2

79、.if only引导的感叹句had+过去分词表示“好像,似乎,要是”等意思【真题变式】用正确的词形填空。1.(2013安 徽 高 考)Im calling about the apartment you _(advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it?2.(2013北 京 高 考)Shakespeares play Hamlet _(make)into at least ten different films over the past years.参考答案:1.advertised,the other day表示“几天前”,

80、由此可知advertise这个动作发生在过去。2.has been made,时间状语over the past years与现在完成时连用,主语play与make之间是被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。3.(2012北京高考)We _(face)the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?4.(2012北京高考)Dont handle the vase as if it _(be)made of steel.5.(2012天津高考)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _(o

81、ffer)us a ride home.参考答案:3.could have faced,错综条件句中与过去事实相反。4.were,as if从句中与现在事实相反。5.hadnt offered,虚拟条件句中与过去事实相反。6.(2012安徽高考)Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _(live)there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.7.(2012湖南高考)Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _(have)ti

82、me,I would certainly go for an outing with you.参考答案:6.lived,虚拟条件句中与现在事实相反。7.had,虚拟条件句中与现在事实相反。8.(2012福建高考)We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _(visit)more places of interest yesterday.9.(2012陕西高考)If my car _(be)more reliable,I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.参

83、考答案:8.would have visited,虚拟条件句中与过去事实相反。9.had been,虚拟条件句中与过去事实相反。10.(2012山 东 高 考)If we _(make)adequate preparations,the conference wouldnt have been so successful.11.(2012浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next,they _(have)second thoughts.12.(2012辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he _(d

84、o)something instead of just talking.参考答案:10.hadnt made,虚拟条件句中与过去事实相反。11.might have had,虚拟条件句中与过去事实相反。12.did,虚拟条件句中与现在事实相反。【跟踪演练】语法填空It was getting dark when I got home.It was cold and I 1._(wear)a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2._(take)out my key,3._ I couldnt find it.I

85、 suddenly remembered that I had left 4._ on my desk in the office.It really didnt make 5._ difference.I knew my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school 6._ now，so I knocked at the door.There was no answer，so I knocked again.I 7._(continue)knocking at the door for some time.

86、I was getting angry.Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon.He said that my wife 8._(phone)sayingthat she 9._(go)shopping in the afternoon with the children.There was only one thing for me to do:I had to climb in 10._ a window.参考答案：1.was wearing 2.to take 3.but 4.it 5.any6.by

87、7.continued 8.had phoned 9.would go10.through三、非谓语动词1.(2013广东高考)Everyone added a little,always _(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.2.(2013北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance _(change)lives,including your own.参考答案:1.thinking,thinking为现在分词作伴随状语,

88、everyone与think构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。2.to change,不定式作chance的后置定语。3.(2013福 建 高 考)_(know)basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4.(2013新 课 标 全 国 卷)They might just have a place _(leave)on the writing coursewhy dont you give it a try?参考答案:3.Knowing,动名词作主语。4.left,leave在此处表示“

89、剩下”,和被修饰词place之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。5.(2012广东高考)He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sun glasses.6.(2012广东高考)Mary felt _(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.参考答案:5.wearing,现在分词表伴随情况。6.pleased,形容词化的过去分词作表语。7.(2011广东高考)I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then

90、 I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.8.(2010广东高考)He spit it out,_(say)it was awful.9.(2009广东高考)She wished that he was as easy _(please)as her mother.参考答案:7.sitting,现在分词作宾语补足语,表主动、同时性。8.saying,现在分词表伴随情况作状语,表主动、同时性。9.to please,用不定式作表语,表主动、后时性。10.(2008广 东 高 考)The proverb,“plucking up a crop _(help)it gr

91、ow”,is based on the following story.11.(2007广 东 高 考)While she was getting me _(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.参考答案:10.to help,用不定式表目的,表主动、后时性。11.settled,用过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动、先时性。12.(2011新课标全国卷)The next thing he saw was smoke _(rise)from behind t

92、he house.13.(2011新课标全国卷)The island,_(join)to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.参考答案:12.rising,现在分词作宾语补足语,表主动、同时性。13.joined,过去分词作定语,表被动、同时性。14.(2011新课标全国卷)Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_(say)nothing about the argument.15.(2011上海高考)Its no use _(complain)without taking action.参考答案:14.saying,现在

93、分词表伴随情况作状语,表主动、同时性。plaining,动名词作主语用于形式主语句型,表主动、同时性。帮助理解非谓语动词用法的口诀是：非谓语时性主被动。热点考向 1 非谓语动词的特性在英语中，一个句子(包括从句)只能有一个谓语动词，其他表示动作概念的动词要用非谓语动词表示。非谓语动词包括不定式to do、-ing形式(又分为动名词和现在分词)和过去分词(done)。例如：He learnt to read and write.(不定式作宾语)It also had plenty of space below for storing things.(-ing形式作介词宾语)I like clot

94、hes made of cotton.(过去分词作定语)传统语法将起名词作用而担当主语、宾语、表语、定语的-ing形式叫动名词；将起形容词、副词作用而担当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语的-ing形式叫现在分词。1.非谓语动词虽然不能作谓语(没有人称和数的变化，也没有谓语动词那么多的时态)，但仍然具有谓语动词的某些性质：(1)可以有自己的宾语：I get up early to read English in the morning.English作to read的宾语I suggest having a meeting.a meeting作having的宾语(2)也可有自己的状语：I prefe

95、r to go there by bike.by bike 作 to go 的方式状语Excuse me for coming late.late 作 coming的时间状语(3)还有时态、语态的变化:(以动词write为例)形 式主动语态被动语态时 性不定式一般式to writeto be written同时性、后时性进行式to be writing瞬间同时完成式to have writtento have been written先时性-ing形式一般式writingbeing written同时性完成式having writtenhaving been written先时性过去分词wri

96、tten同时性、先时性2.非谓语动词的先时性表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生,同时性表示该动作伴随谓语动作存在或同时发生，后时性表示该动作在谓语动作之后发生。例如：Im glad to see you.(见面用语)同时性Im glad to have seen you.(告别用语)先时性Im sorry to tell you that you failed again.后时性Having finished his homework,he set out to play.先时性With an old man leading the way,we found the house easily.同时性

97、He is a good teacher loved by us all.同时性This is the house built in the 18th century.先时性3.非谓语动词短语的含义相当于一个相应的从句，可以进行改写：Im glad to see you.=Im glad that I can see you.Hearing the cry,she rushed out immediately.=When she heard the cry,she rushed out immediately.The man making the speech is a professor f

98、rom Beijing.=The man who is making the speech is a professor from Beijing.I like to eat cakes made of wheat.=I like to eat cakes which/that are made of wheat.热点考向 2 非谓语动词的常考用法非谓语动词的用法比较复杂，但常考点可以用“to do后时全过程，-ing同时与主动，-ed先时或被动”这三句口诀概括。成分语法标记非谓语区 别例 句主语句首,形式主语不定式(词语)主表一致,固定句式,具体动作,抽象行为Seeing is believ

99、ing.=To see is to believe.It is no use crying for the spoiled milk.I like swimming,but dont like to swim today.动名词(词语)表语系动词后动名词(词语)不定式(词语)现在分词(词语)同时性的主动动作It is tiring to read the article.过去分词(词语)被动动作All the work is half-done.成分语法标记非谓语区 别例 句宾语 及物动词后不定式(词语)只接to do;只接-ing;接to do,-ing意义不同decide/promise

100、to do;suggest/avoid doing;try to do,try doing.(介词后)动名词宾语补足语宾语后不定式(词语)动作全过程I saw him come in.现在分词(词语)同时性的主动动作He was seen singing happily.过去分词(词语)被动动作Dont leave the work undone.成分语法标记非谓语区 别例 句定语名词后,起修饰、限定作用,表示“的”不定式(词语)主谓关系She is always the first to leave.动宾关系I have an important meeting to attend.动状关系

101、We have no time to go out.同位关系They thought of ways to kill the rat.成分 语法标记非谓语区 别例 句定语名词后,起修饰、限定作用,表示“的”动名词(词语)表示用途a sleeping car,a walking stick现在分词(词语)同时性的主动动作a sleeping boy,the boiling water过去分词(词语)被动动作fallen leaves,boiled water成分语法标记非谓语区 别例 句状语目的,结果不定式(词语)后时性的主动动作He ran to catch the early bus.时间,

102、原因,方式,条件,伴随,让步现在分词(词语)同时性的主动动作He came running.(方式状语)She rushed out,holding a book.过去分词(词语)被动动作Scolded by his father,he cried.【真题变式】用正确的词形填空。1.(2013浙江高考)_(hear)how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.2.(2013四川高考)The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tour

103、ism in this area.参考答案:1.Hearing,v.-ing形式作主语,且hear与逻辑主语you之间是主动关系,所以用hearing。2.to be completed,作定语修饰airport,根据next year可知complete这一动作发生在将来,且与被修饰词之间是被动关系,所以用动词不定式的被动式。3.(2013重庆高考)When I was little,my mother used to sit by my bed,_(tell)me stories till I fell asleep.4.(2011上海高考)At one point I made up m

104、y mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind,_(realize)that he could do nothing to help.参考答案:3.telling,v.-ing作伴随状语。4.realizing,现在分词表伴随情况,表主动、同时性。5.(2011山 东 高 考)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path _(lead)up to the house.6.(2011江西高考)On receiving a phone call from his wife _(say)she ha

105、d a fall,Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.参考答案:5.leading,现在分词作定语,表主动、同时性。6.saying,现在分词作定语,表主动、同时性。7.(2011江苏高考)Recently a survey _(compare)prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.8.(2011安徽高考)Tom asked the candy makers if they cou

106、ld make the chocolate easier _(break)into small pieces.参考答案:paring,现在分词作定语,表主动、同时性。8.broken,过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动、同时性。9.(2011福建高考)Tsinghua University,_(found)in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.10.(2011四川高考)Lydia doesnt feel like _(study)abroad.Her parents are old.参考答案:9.founded,过去分词作定

107、语,表被动、先时性。注意found是find“发现”的过去分词;founded是found“创建”的过去分词。10.studying,现在分词作宾语,表主动、同时性。【跟踪演练】用所给词的适当形式完成下列语篇Freud was one of the first scientists 1._(make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2._(base)on the brain that involve how we act，think，feel and reason.He used lon

108、g talks with patients and the study of dreams 3._(search)for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis.He wanted to see if 4._(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease 5._(trouble)minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard，altho

109、ugh what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6._(sit)with his patients and 7._(listen)to their talking.He had them 8._(talk)about whatever they were thinking.All ideas，thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9._(express).There could be no 10._(hold)back because of fear or guilt.

110、参考答案：1.to make 2.based 3.to search 4.putting5.troubled 6.sitting 7.listening 8.talk9.be expressed 10.holding1(2013湛江一模)One evening I was resting in a cafe.I wore a pair of newly bought white leather shoes,1._were rather expensive.Then a boy came to me.He was in 2._ old and not fit shirt,looking pale

111、 and about eleven.No sooner had I begun to speak than he opened the box in his hand and took out the tools of shoe-polishing.He was busy doing his work 3._ heavy rain began to pour down.People rushed to the cafe for 4._(protect)from the rain.More and more people crowded in and gradually separated th

112、e boy 5._ me.Hours passed,and it turned dark.I had no shoes on my feet and wondered where the boy had been.I thought I would have to go home on my bare feet.When it was near midnight,the cafe was to be closed.I had to move to the door,just as I went to the gate,I 6._(surprise)found that a boy of abo

113、ut eleven,7._(look)very familiar,was sleeping at the door with his head leaning 8._ a box.I shook him slightly and woke him 9._.He opened the package hurriedly,gave me my leather shoes,and apologized to me shyly.I paid him and wrapped him with his 10._(fit)shirt.On my way home,the image of the boy s

114、tayed in my mind.参考答案:1.which,定语从句的关系词，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语指代leather shoes。2.an,冠词，不定冠词an表量指。此处指一件旧的、不合身的衬衫，shirt是可数名词，又old的音标是以元音音素开头的，所以用an。3.when,连词，when引导时间状语从句，表示“这时”。4.protection,名词作介词宾语。5.from,介词与动词的搭配，separate A from B把A、B分开。6.surprisedly,副词，surprisedly 修饰谓语动词。7.looking,非谓语动词，现在分词表伴随情况，表同时性。8

115、.against,介词与动词搭配，lean against 倚靠。9.up,副词与动词搭配，wake sb.up把某人叫醒。10.unfit,unfit作定语，与第二段not fit相照应。2(2013揭阳一模)“At last,no more exams.”Its a common feeling among high school graduates who have just completed the college entrance examination.What a relief!However,rather than fill the next three months wit

116、h sleep,eating,and 1._(watch)TV,some students have started working on finding a good choice of foreign college.Different from those who begin their 2._(apply)for foreign colleges in Senior 2,Li made a late decision on a US education.She began to think about it in Senior 3,but decided not 3._(give)up

117、 the college entrance exam.Lis classmate Mao Bingxin 4._(consider)studying in Canada after the top exam.She began a TOEFL course on June 11.He Wei,5._ 18-year-old who studies at Shenzhen Baoan High School,isnt allowing 6._much freedom this summer vacation either,devoting her time to looking for a la

118、nguage school 7._ she can study French.He Wei considers 8._ worthwhile spending the summer preparing for college rather than hanging out with friends.“9._ we dont really know what the future holds for us,we are sure that the better preparations we make 10._ it,the more choices we will be given.”she

119、said.参考答案:1.watching,非谓语动词,动名词watching,eating作并列介词宾语。2.applications,their后面接名词，application是可数名词，根据their可知，此处用复数形式。3.to give,非谓语动词,不定式表后时性的动作。4.is considering,谓语时态和语态，现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。5.an,冠词，不定冠词an表量指。此处指一个18岁的学生。eighteen以元音音素开头，所以填an。6.herself,代词限定又指代，反身代词指代主语He Wei。7.where,定语从句的关系词，where引导定语从句，在从

120、句中作地点状语。8.it,代词，it作形式宾语。9.Though/Although/While,连词，引导让步状语从句。10.for,常用介词与动词的搭配，make preparations for sth.,为做好准备。3 (2013汕头二模)As the plane circled over the airport,everyone sensed that something was wrong.The plane was moving 1._(steady)through the air,and although the passengers 2._(fasten)their seat

121、belts,they were suddenly thrown forward.At that moment,the air-hostess presented.She looked very pale,3._ was quite calm.Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper,she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if 4._ of the passengers knew anything about machines.After a moments hesitatio

122、n,5._ man got up and followed the hostessinto the pilots cabin.Moving the pilot aside,the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that 6._(send)by radio from the airport below.To everyones relief,the plane,7._ was dangerously close to the ground at the moment,soon began t

123、o climb.The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar 8._ the controls of the plane.The critical moment came 9._ he had to land.The man，10._(follow)the instructions,guided the plane towards the airfield,and it landed safely after a long run along the runway.参考答案:1.unsteadily,副词，

124、unsteadily修饰动词move。2.had fastened,谓语时态和语态，过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的动作。3.but,并列连词，but连接前后两部分，表示转折。4.any,代词限定又指代，any指代乘客中的任何人，作主语。5.a,冠词，不定冠词a表量指。此处指一个人站起来。6.were being sent，谓语的时态和语态，过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某阶段正在发生的被动动作。7.which，定语从句的关系词，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。8.with，介词与形容词搭配，be familiar with sth.熟悉某事。9.when，名词性从句的引导词，when引导

125、同位语从句。10.following，非谓语动词，现在分词表伴随情况，具有主动、同时性。4 (2013东莞一模)Alice,a shark that lives at the National Sea Life Center in England,did not start out life as a vegetarian.When she 1._(bring)in from Florida in 2009,she was happily eating any seafood.2._,that changed in a few months,and she suddenly stopped e

126、ating completely.Deeply 3._(concern),the center officials took her in for an X-ray,4._ showed that a fishing hook was hiding deep inside her mouth.So they took her to see a doctor who realized the only way to save the shark was performing 5._rather risky operation.6._(fortune),things wentreally well

127、.But just when everybody was happy about the sharks recovery,the history-making shark began changing her eating habit,instead,7._(prefer)to use her sharp teeth to eat vegetables!Although this may sound good,it is not really good 8._ Alices health because vegetables cannot provide enough protein that

128、 she needs to survive.Shark experts all over the world are confused at Alices 9._(behave)and they guess that 10._may have something to do with the wound the hook caused.But unless she speaks up,nobody is really going to know the real reason.参考答案:1.was brought，谓语的时态和语态，一般过去时的被动语态表过去一次性的被动动作。2.However

129、，副词，however表示转折。3.concerned，形容词，形容词作原因状语。4.which,定语从句的关系词，which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。5.a,冠词，不定冠词a量指，operation是可数名词，此处指一个相当冒险的手术。6.Fortunately,副词，Fortunately修饰整个句子。7.preferring,非谓语动词，现在分词表伴随情况，表同时性。8.for,介词与形容词搭配。be good for.对有益。9.behaviour/behavior,名词，Alices是所有格的形式，后面接名词。10.it,代词，it指代上文Alices behavio(u)r。六

130、七八九“二类八词定点”法解答语法填空广东高考语法填空中知识考查的热点分别是：冠词、介词、代词、副词、比较级、动词时态、状语从句和定语从句。广东高考语法填空的特点是从浅显易懂的上下文来考查语言运用能力，难点是句子结构的分析与语法考点的确定。我们根据广东高考语法填空中知识考查的热点，总结“二类八词”定点法解题规律，使考生对复杂的语法系统有清楚认识，并依此准确地找到考点。广东高考语法填空设10个空，分为6个填词题、4个词形题，是为“二类”。填词题考查冠词、介词、代词、连词；词形题考查名词、形容词、副词和动词，是为“八词”。根据这些命题特点去确定考点，便能对考点做到心中有数。一、自由填空语法项目(填词

131、题)是“二类八词”的第一类，涉及“八词”中的四种词类：介词、冠词、代词和连词。介词、冠词、代词和连词的用法通常有如下三大规律：1.限定名词冠或介名词通常不会以单独的单词形式在句子里出现，需要用介词、冠词或代词所有格等词类来修饰或限定，如book这个单词会以下列搭配关系出现：所以我们总结为“限定名词冠或介”，即做题时如果空格在名词前面，则考虑冠词或介词。冠词+名词介词+名词代词+名词介词+代词+名词形容词+名词a book(book)inhandanother book(with a book)in his handancient books2.代词限定又指代“代词限定”是指在名词前面也可用起限

132、定作用的代词(如作定语的代词所有格、不定代词)，“又指代”是指在上下文中指代名词而担当主语、宾语的代词，如人称代词、物主代词主格、宾格及指示代词、不定代词、相互代词等其他代词。还可用形容词修饰，构成“形容词+名词”搭配关系，如a beautiful girl，但形容词不在填词题考查，形容词属于词形题。附：限定词与名词的关系(1)限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词种类可修饰的名词种类a,an,each,every,either,one.可数名词单数both,(a)few,fewer,(the)fewest,several,these,those,a(great,good)number of,two

133、,three.可数名词复数(a)little(of),a bit of,a great amount of,a great deal of,much.不可数名词限定词种类可修饰的名词种类the first,the second.,the last,(the)next,the other,many(many a man=many men),another.可数名词单数,可数名词复数(the)least,this,that.可数名词单数,不可数名词a lot of,lots of,plenty of,enough,more,most,less.可数名词复数,不可数名词the;my,your.;Jo

134、hns,the old mans.;some,any,no,all,other,such,what(ever),which(ever),whose.可数名词单数,可数名词复数,不可数名词(2)限定词与限定词的搭配关系按其在名词前的位置，限定词可分为前位限定词、中位限定词、后位限定词三种：前位限定词中位限定词后位限定词all,both,half;double,twice,three times.;one-third,two-fifths.a,an,the;this,that,these,those;my,your.;Marys,the old mans.;some,any,no,every,ea

135、ch,either,neither,enough,much.;what(ever),which(ever).one,two,first,second,many,little,few,several,more,less.;last,next,other,another,such.限定词与限定词的搭配关系一般遵从以下原则：a.如果一个名词词组被上述三种限定词修饰，其位置总是按“前位中位后位”的顺序排列。例如：all the four teachers,all your three books,前 中 后前 中后b.如果三种限定词中缺少一种，也应按“前位中位后位”的顺序排列。例如：half of t

136、he lecture,these last few months,前中中后 后several hundred students后后c.后位限定词可以重叠使用，中位限定词互相排斥。例如：不说：my that book要说：that book of mine;不说：my a friend要说：a friend of mine 或one of my friends 3.连词并列连主谓连词的作用是连接并列(句)或主从复合句，其特点是空格前后都有并列词语或主谓结构。二、提示词语法项目(词形题)是“二类八词”的第二类，涉及“八词”中的四种词类：名词、形容词、副词和动词。名词、形容词、副词和动词的用法通常有如下三大规律：1.形定副状名主宾在限定词后作主语、宾语通常要用名词形式，并要注意不可数名词和可数名词单数、复数的区别。在名词前担当定语或在系动词后作表语通常要用形容词形式。修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子通常要用副词形式，如果所给的词是形容词或副词，通常用比较级或最高级形式。2.谓语时态和语态谓语和非谓语是动词的常考点，关键是掌握“五个基本句型”和复合句的结构。如果是谓语，就考虑时态和语态的用法；如果是非谓语，就考虑时性和主、被动情况。3.非谓语时性主被动通过句子分析确定考点是非谓语动词后，就考虑非谓语动词的先时性、同时性、后时性和主动、被动等情况。