2023年高考英语一轮复习 专题3 不容忽视的小词 新人教版.pptx

1、语法专题突破专题三 不容忽视的小词一 冠词二 代词三 介词四 动词和动词短语考 点 分 层 演 练一、不定冠词a/anMy friend Linda is an honest girl studying in a university.We are of an age，we both like milk and we drink a cup of milk a day.So we think a cow is very useful.语篇导入一 冠词不定冠词的用法表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在读音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在读音以元音音素开头的单词前用an

2、。表示“同一”。表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。表示“每一”，相当于per。表示“一类”事物。1不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He missed the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。2不定冠词a/an可以用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化。物质名词或抽象名词仅表示概念时，是不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事，特别是前面有形容词修饰时，就变成了可数名词，前面可加不定冠词。难

3、点精析Tony is a famous pianist.Im absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家，我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。3有些名词是永久性不可数名词，即使前面有了形容词，也不能在形容词前加a/an。如weather，progress，fun等。What fine weather we have got!Lets go for a picnic.多好的天气啊，我们去野餐吧。4不定冠词常见的固定搭配have a gift for有的天赋 have a holi

4、day度假get a lift/ride搭便车 pay a visit to参观lend sb.a hand帮助某人 as a result因此as a rule通常，照例 in a hurry匆忙地at a distance离一段距离 a waste of 的浪费What a pity！真遗憾！be/go on a diet节食a collection of一批a knowledge of知道have a good time玩得高兴 make a living谋生as a matter of fact事实上 have a history of有一段的历史in a sense/way在某种意义

5、上 for a while暂时，一时all of a sudden突然 a matter of 的问题单句语法填空In Chinese culture，each year is related to _ Chinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.He not only is the best student in our class，but also has _ excellent sense of humour.He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his

6、 smile for _ long time.aana(2021新 高 考)While youre in China，Mount Huangshan is _ must to visit!(2021八省联考)Do keep _ open mind.Students can change majors，but remember that theres no re-living a certain semester(学期)，and theres no making up for lost time.aan二、定冠词theMr Smith is a teacher from the United S

7、tates.He was the firstforeign teacher I had met.In the 1990s，he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze Riverwhen a ship wrecked.The Smiths came up to help the injured and saved a boy by catching him by the arm.The boys parents said they were the kindest people in the world.They would remember

8、 the couple forever.语篇导入定冠词的用法用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。用于序数词之前。用在世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。用于江河湖海山岛前。用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)sb.介词the身体部位。用于形容词或副词的最高级前。用在世界上独一无二的事物前。表示上文已经提到过的人或事物。1被演奏的西洋乐器前用the。但是球类棋类之前却没有冠词。As far as I know，he likes playing the piano but doesnt like p

9、laying football.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。2用在表计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the meter等。但是如果是抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：by weight，by time，by length，by size等。难点精析I got paid by time.To be exact，I got paid by the hour.我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。3定冠词的常见固定搭配at the moment此刻；目前 in the end最后，最终to tell the truth说实话 on

10、 the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下 in the middle of在中间at the same time同时 on the contrary相反on the whole总的来说 in the distance在远处to the point中肯；切题 make the most/best of充分利用单句语法填空(2021全 国 乙)Due to _ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel，various types of trips are now being cl

11、assified as ecotourism.The“Spider-story”is often told.Robert Bruce，leader of the Scots in _ 13th century，was hiding in a cave from the English.Smoking is one of _ biggest causes of preventable deaths in England.thethethe_ Greens are a happy couple；they have been married for 30 years._ injured have b

12、een sent to hospital where they will be treated.She stayed up until eleven thirty one evening on purpose just to see _ moonlight.TheThethe三、零冠词When learning that teachers are badly needed in remote districts，Lily volunteered to teach in a remote place.Local people have made her headmaster of the sch

13、ool since her arrival and she teaches Chinese，maths，and English herself from spring to winter and from Monday to Sunday.On weekends，she teaches them to play volleyball and chess.When she finds many children attending school without having lunch，she raises money for the childrens meals.语篇导入零冠词常用的几种情况

14、表泛指的复数名词或不可数名词前。表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。一日三餐前一般不加冠词。1用于固定结构中的零冠词“零冠词单数名词as/though主语谓语，主句”，意为“虽然但是”。Young man as he is，he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2no与such连用时要放在such之前，such后的名词前不用冠词。As the saying goes，there is no such thing as a f

15、ree lunch.If you want something，go and earn it.常言说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。难点精析3零冠词的常见固定搭配on purpose故意地 by chance碰巧catch fire着火 at dawn在黎明face to face面对面 out of date过时的make room for让位 in debt负债in shape健康 on foot步行in danger在危险中 side by side并排from time to time不时地 hand in hand手拉手day after day日复一日地 heart

16、 and soul全心全意地单句改错She started working there in the January.去掉theWe usually have the breakfast at 7 oclock.去掉theIm interested in the English，while my brother is fond of the language of French.去掉第一个theDr.Peter Spence，a headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford o

17、r Cambridge.”去掉第一个a单句语法填空1(2021浙江)_Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.解析：考查冠词。在复数姓氏前加the，表示“一家人”。故填The。解题策略The2(2019全 国)Of _ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable，one is increasing，and nine la

18、ck enough data.解析：考查冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填the。3(2019浙江)Everybody wears _ same style of clothes.解析：考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。thethe4(2019全国)Suddenly _ football fell just in front of me and almost hit me.解析：考查冠词。football为可数名词，前面需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加

19、不定冠词，football的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。5(2021河南九师联盟月考)My aunt Carmeleta was _ wife of my mothers youngest brother Fred.解析：考查冠词。wife此处特指“我妈妈最小的弟弟Fred的妻子”，前面应用定冠词。故填the。athe技巧一 注意泛指还是特指如果空格后的名词或“形容词名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。1如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现，可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”，一般填a/an；如果是前文已经提到过，可翻译成“这/那个，这/那些”，一般填

20、the。2如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。技巧二 注意固定搭配技法点津一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词I am a senior school student and I want to join our school football team，but the person in charge rejected me.I have to spend my spare time practicing football to improve myself.Look!The football under the bed is mine.It has been wo

21、rn out.语篇导入二代词为人称代词的主格形式作主语。为人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。为形容词性物主代词，放在名词之前作定语。为反身代词，可作宾语、表语或同位语。为名词性物主代词，后面不加名词，可作主语、宾语或表语。一、代词的形式难点精析类别人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselves类别人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第三人称hehimhishishimselfshe

22、herherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves二、it的用法1指天气、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring，but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。It is twenty miles from here to the village.从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法等或代替指示代词Although he didnt like it，I decided to see the movie anyway.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决

23、定去看一看。3指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？4用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：Itbeadj./n.for/of sb.不定式It is important for students to learn English well.对学生来说学好英语是重要的。It was foolish of him to leave the door open after he left the office.离开办公室之

24、后，他还让门开着，真是糊涂了。It is no good/use/useless doing sth.做某事是没有好处/用处的It is no use crying over the spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶而哭泣是没有用处的。Itbe名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder.)/adj.that从句It is a pity that you cant go with her.很遗憾你不能和她一起去。It特殊动词(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb.)that从句It seems that he has made a serious mi

25、stake.他似乎犯了一个严重错误。Itbe过去分词that从句It was reported that 20 people were killed in the earthquake.据报道有20人死于这场地震。It takes sb.time/patience/effort/energy to do sth.It took him much energy to write the novel.写这部小说花费了他大量的精力。(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：主 语 think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep.it adj./n.for/of sb

26、.to do/that从句I find it easy to get on with Jim.我发现同吉姆相处很容易。He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没说清楚何时何地举行会议。(3)用于like，enjoy，hate，love，appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon，see to等动词短语后，再接when，if，that等引导的从句。Id appreciate it if you could attend our party.如果您能参加我们的聚会，我将不

27、胜感激。5用于强调句型中，用来强调句子成分中的主语、宾语和状语句型结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who(被强调部分为人)其它。It was yesterday that I saw him in the street.是昨天我在街道见到他了。单句语法填空He lives a very regular life，studying every day and never allowing _(he)to fall behind in his schoolwork.When told that it was a loss to humans，the farmers burst into

28、 laughter and responded，“Our real loss is _(we)decreasing income.”While making a choice from various ways of spending our time，we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers _(we)up.himselfourusI have made _ clear that I will not accept this job.Given hope，I am convinced that

29、a breakthrough can come at any age if we have faith in ourselves and keep learning and working for _._ was in 2019 that he graduated from Beijing University.(2021四川石室中学开学考试)_ took artist Guo Feng two months to complete the black-and-white painting named Yongsheng in Chinese，meaning living forever.(2

30、021昆明一中月考)It is very cold and dark up there，especially during the sunless part!I couldnt make _ for more than one day in a place like that!ititItItit二、不定代词1all/every/both/each/neither/noneThere are 50 students in my class.Though not all of us are studying well，we all study hard.Every student has a d

31、ream university，though not every student can be admitted to a famous one.My deskmate and I both like music，but both of us dont want to enter a music institute.Each of us has chosen our future college.We have 14 teachers in all，noneof whom treat us badly.However，my deskmate and I are both fat，so neit

32、her of us love PE classes.语篇导入all指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。作主语时，谓语动词通常依据所指为可数名词还是不可数名词而定；与not连用表示部分否定。every强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，与not连用构成部分否定。both表示“两者(都)”。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都”。each强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，可以与of短语连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。none

33、表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。neither表示“(两者)都不”。单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆可。2anything/nothing/something/everythingDo you have anything to say about your exam?No，I have nothing to say about it.I hope you can share something special about your school.I have told you that I

34、 dont have anything to say about it.Everything has gone wrong.anything表示“任何事物，一些事”时，用于否定句和疑问句中；表示“随便什么事物”，用于肯定句中。nothing表示“什么也没有”，可用于肯定、疑问及否定句。something表示“某事(物)”，一般用于肯定句中。everything表示“一切”，强调全体，但谓语动词要用单数。3the other，another，others与the othersExcuse me.Can you exchange this T-shirt for another one?Some

35、others say it doesnt fit me well.Of course.This T-shirt comes in two sizes；you can try on the otherone.Dont bother.There are so many shops and I will go to see the others.another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。others表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。the other可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或

36、事物”时用the others。4替代词that，those，one，ones，the one，the onesI found a beautiful coat in a shop，but it was very expensive.Luckily，I found one looking the same online and it was much cheaper than that/the one in the physical shop.However，when I received the coat，I realized though the ones sold online were

37、 much cheaper，they were not as good as those in physical shops.I would rather spend more money on better oneswith high quality.one替代上文出现的单数可数名词，相当于“a/an单数名词”。that替代上文出现的可数名词单数或不可数名词(有后置定语)，相当于“the单数名词/不可数名词”。the one替代特指的可数名词单数，相当于“the单数名词”。the ones替代上文出现的复数名词，相当于“the可数名词复数”。those 替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定

38、语时)，相当于“the可数名词复数”。ones替代上文出现的复数名词。所替代名词都是同类不同物；同类同物替代用it/them。1another后可接“基数词/few复数名词”，表示“另外的(多少)”。“基数词/fewother复数名词”也表示“另外的(多少)”。Another three students went to that party.Three other students went to that party.另外3个学生去了那个聚会。难点精析2no one，none，nobody，nothing以及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。当not与不定代词all，both，every

39、one，everybody，everything等或“every名词”连用时，不管not在它们之前还是之后，都表示部分否定。None of us was going to the party.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。Not all of them smoke.All of them dont smoke.他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。单句语法填空Success is just on the _ side.You have to want it enough，and be willing enough to get it.Many singles say the regular dating

40、 scene has just led them from one bad experience to _ and are ready to try something else.Nobody likes to talk about death，but the reality iseveryone is going to die at one point，but _ of us know the day，or the hour.otheranothernoneBoth teams were in hard training；_ was willing to lose the game.Mr Z

41、hang gave me a very valuable present，_ that I have never seen.(2021天津市5月压轴模拟)Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city.(2021天津中学一模)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.neitheronethatnone单句语法填空1(2020全国)Data about the

42、moons composition，such as how much ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether _(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.解析：考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans，因此应用it的形容词性物主代词形式its。故填its。解题策略its2(2020新高考全国)As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations(模

43、拟)and imagine _(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.解析：考查代词。imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事。主语是visitors，故填反身代词themselves指“他们自己”。故填themselves。3(2018全国)When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad to find _(they)alive.解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作find的宾语

44、，因此要用人称代词的宾格，故填they的宾格them。故填them。themselvesthem4(2018浙江)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.解析：考查it的用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out，其中不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填it。it5(2021南开中学二模)My People，My Hom

45、eland is definitely a fantastic movie，_ taking you to five areas with quite different geographical characteristics.解析：考查代词。句意：我和我的家乡绝对是一部很棒的电影，它带你去了五个有着不同地理特征的地区。one(某类中的)一个，表示泛指；根据逗号前a fantastic movie可知，空处应表示泛指的一类电影，用one指代。故填one。one6(2021天津一中二模)The quality of education in this small school is bette

46、r than _ in some larger schools.解析：考查代词。句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，that为特指，相当于the名词，可以代指不可数名词。故填that。that1通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格；如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格；如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词；如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物，则用反身代词。2通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；

47、如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to.it从句。技法点津1表示方位的介词We walked across the beach，through the woods and finally came to the house which was under the big tree marked in the map.After stepping into the house，we found a small black table，over which was a lamp.Then we look

48、ed around，only to find nothing.My friend found something specialan empty box.Beneath it was a note saying，“Stand beside the window and look out of it.”From the window we saw another house beyond a small hill.语篇导入三介词across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。through指从立体的事物中间穿过。to指到某处，去某处。under在下面，无接触面。in在里面。into到里面。over在正上方(

49、无接触面)；on在上面(有接触面)。around在/向周围。beneath在下面(有接触面)。beside在旁边。out of在外面。from从。beyond 在/向较远的一边，超出。2表示时间的介词It happened on a Saturday morning in November，2015.My parents left home at 6:00 am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back intwo hours.However，it wasnt long before someone kno

50、cked at the door，and I looked through the peep hole and saw a stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didnt open it until my parents came back.During the two hours，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldnt listen to him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have

51、 been waiting out of the door for two hours since 6:10 am.”Why had my uncle changed so much over the years?on指在具体的某一天。in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上。at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。before在之前。until直到时候。during在期间。for表示延续一段时间。over表示“在期间”，表延续。3表示原因的介词John was punished for cheating in the

52、exam.His father was angry at/over it and he trembled with anger because ofJohns bad behaviour.for表示原因，后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面加名词(词组)。with用在表示情绪的名词之前。because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不加陈述句，加名词(短语)/名词性从句。4其他重要介词Between the two opinions，I am for the first one but against the second o

53、ne.Bywearing school uniforms，students can be treated equally by others despite the different economic backgrounds among them.Besides，the price is within students reach.Most students except a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for the fact that they are not fashionable.between表示两者之间

54、。for表示支持。against表示反对。by表示“借助/通过”，也可以表示“被”。despite表示尽管，等于in spite of。among表示在三者或三者以上中。besides表示除此之外(还)。within表示在范围之内。except表示同类事物除外。except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。一、介词的省略1当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。We watched an exciting football match last week.上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。Come any d

55、ay you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。难点精析2表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一”讲时，其前不用介词。An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天一个苹果，医生远离我。3习惯搭配中介词的省略一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time(in)doing sth.，waste some time(in)doing sth.，have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.，be busy(in)doing sth.，stop/prevent sb.(from)doi

56、ng sth.等。I had great difficulty(in)finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.在那家餐厅里我很难在菜单上找到合适的食物。二、介词不可遗漏的问题1在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能遗漏。The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。2当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题

57、很值得关注。3在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。三、介词与动词构成的搭配call for需要；要求 pass by经过pay for为付款 figure out弄清楚apply for申请 dream of梦想search for寻找，搜索 refer to提及；参考begin with以开始 contribute to贡献；有助于；促成play with同一起玩；玩弄 lau

58、gh at嘲笑care about关心；介意 focus on集中于feel like想要 charge.for.索费hold up举起 exchange.for.用来交换rely on依靠 go back to追溯到四、介词与名词构成的搭配1at开头的介词短语at a loss不知所措 at the cost of以的代价at peace处于和平状态 at the risk of冒的危险at war处于战争状态at the mercy of在支配下；由摆布at the same time同时2on开头的介词短语on exhibition/show在展出 on account of因为on f

59、ire着火 on average平均；一般地on sale出售，打折 on behalf of代表on no account/condition决不on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加on holiday/vacation在度假3by开头的介词短语by accident偶然地 by hand手工by mistake错误地 by chance偶然by the day按天算 by coincidence碰巧by nature天生地4in开头的介词短语in cash用现金付款 in charge of掌管in depth在深度上 in return作为回报in detail

60、详细地 in danger(of)在危险中，垂危in height在高度上 in spite of尽管in length在长度上 in exchange for作为交换in favor of支持，赞成 in no time立刻in case of万一；如果；假使in no way决不in support of为支持in place of代替in honour of为向表示敬意in possession of拥有，占有in memory of为了纪念in addition to另外in the middle of在中间5ofn.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的 of si

61、gnificance有意义的of help有帮助的 of use有用的of importance重要的 of value有价值的6out ofn.表示状态out of balance失去平衡 out of order发生故障out of breath上气不接下气 out of sight看不见out of control失去控制 out of the question不可能out of date过期 out of work失业7undern.表示被动under attack遭到袭击 under treatment在治疗中under pressure在压力下 under control处于控制之

62、中8withn.表示方式with delight/joy高兴地with fear害怕地with difficulty困难地with pleasure乐意地with ease轻而易举地9beyondn.表示“超出，难以”beyond compare无与伦比beyond description难以描述beyond reach够不到beyond expression/words难以表达五、介词与其他词构成的搭配but for要不是 instead of代替regardless of不管，不顾 apart from除之外up to直到；由决定 according to根据along with随着 to

63、gether with连同by means of用办法；借助owing to因为单句语法填空She patted him _ the head and said，“My little boy，do you feel more comfortable now than before？”(2021全 国 甲)It was built originally to protect the city _ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).As a result，he spends his life in a wheelch

64、air and cannot write _ means of a pen or pencil.onin/duringbyBut wildlife today disappears or is _ danger just because humans do harm to it.Many times we dont realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them _ granted until we find ourselves in a new situation.The teacher paused _

65、 purpose to remind the students to stop talking.inforon(2021湖南郴州第一次质检)Before opening the new highway，the trip _ bike from one district to another could take almost an hour and a half.(2021四川绵阳一诊)In ancient times，our ancestors relied on stars to guide them _ a clear night.byon单句语法填空1(2021全国乙)Due to t

66、he growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel，various types _ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.解析：考查介词。various types of为固定词组，意为“各种类型的”。故填of。解题策略of2(2020全国)The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist _ earth，Mother Nature.解析：考查介词。此处on earth相当于in the wo

67、rld，意思是“在世上，在人间”。故填on。3(2021浙江)In 1844 they bought it _$1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser，who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.解析：考查介词。此处是固定短语：buy sth.for some money“用钱买某物”。故填for。onfor4(2020浙江)Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they live

68、d _，through agriculture.解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，they lived_是定语从句，修饰先行词the world；省略了关系代词，说明关系代词在句中作宾语。根据语法常识可知，live常和介词in搭配，意为“居住在”。故填in。in5(2021八省联考)Like many other students，you may have various people，_(include)family members and friends，giving input on your college decision.解析：考查介词。结合句意可知此处表示“包含在内”，后跟名 词

69、 family members and friends作 宾 语，应 用 介 词 including。故 填including。including6(2021八省联考)It can be easy to let a particular school become a front-runner early on _ your decision-making process.解析：考查介词。句意：在你做决定的早期阶段，把一所特定的学校作为首选是很容易的。结合语境表示“在期间”可知应用during。故填during。during技法一 分析句子成分如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则

70、在名词、代词或动名词前一定是填介词。技法二 记牢搭配1注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用；2注意有特殊用法的介词，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。技法点津动词的种类I looked at the window and saw a bird perching on the tree.I kept watching it but it didnt see me.The bird looked beautiful.Suddenly a cat appeared and the bird gotfrightened.It seemed as if the bird was in danger.

71、However，it turned out that I shouldnt have been worried about it.It had flown away swiftly before the cat drew near.语篇导入四动词和动词短语有实际意义的动词叫实义动词，如文中的。文中的为助动词，不能单独构成谓语。是情态动词，也不能单独构成谓语。动词可分为及物动词(可直接加宾语)，如和不及物动词(需要加介词后再加宾语)如。根据表示的动作是否可以延续，可分为与表示一段时间的状语连用的延续性动词如，以及不与表示一段时间的状语连用的非延续性动词如。文中为系动词，后面可以直接加形容词，构成

72、系表关系。1有些及物动词后面可以跟双宾语，构成vt.sb.sth.结构。如：award(授予)，buy(买)，give(给)，leave(留下)，lend(借出)，offer(提供)，pay(付款)，show(展示)，teach(教)，tell(告诉)，bring(带来)，pass(传递)，sell(销售)，send(送给)，write(给某人写信)，envy(嫉妒)，refuse(拒绝)，save(挽救)，spare(节省)等难点精析2不及物动词不可以直接加宾语而且无被动语态。如果一个动词是不及物动词，则考查点不会是被动语态。常见不及物动词有agree，go，work，listen，look

73、，come，die，belong，fall，exist，rise，arrive，sit，sail，hurry，fail，succeed，run，swim，stand，sleep，lie等。My father _(work)in a computer company _(lie)in the east of our city for 5 years.因为work是不及物动词无被动语态，所以只能考查work的主动形式，根据后面的for 5 years 可知，应该填现在完成时，所以是has worked。另外，lie是不及物动词，所以不可能是被动形式，只能是主动形式作定语，所以填lying。3如果被

74、考查动词为及物动词，而且后面有宾语，则要考查其主动形式，如果后面没有宾语，则很可能考查其被动形式。Many doctors _(need)in Wuhan when COVID-19 broke out.因为need是及物动词，其后无宾语，所以考查的是它的被动形式。根据题意，此处用were needed。4非延续性动词不可与时间段连用。讲座已经开始半个小时了。The lecture has began for half an hour.The lecture has been on for half an hour.5可用于“动词sb.ofsth.”的常见动词：accuse sb.of sth

75、.指责某人某事cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某物cheat sb.of sth.欺骗某人某物remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人的东西7可用于“动词sb./sth.from doing sth.”的常见动词：prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人/物做某事protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb./sth.from being done保护某人/物免于被ban/prohib

76、it sb./sth.from doing sth.禁止某人/物做某事8常见动词短语bringbring in引进；挣得bring about引起，导致bring up养育，培养；提出bring down降低；使倒下bring back把带回来；使恢复bring forward提出；提前breakbreak down抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉；(谈判等)失败；(化学)分解break up打碎；关系结束；解散break through逾越，突破；冲破break away(from)挣脱，脱离break out爆发break in打断，闯入break off折断；中断break into 破门而入c

77、omecome about发生come out出版；开花；(太阳、月亮)出来come on加油；快点come across偶遇；被理解come true变为现实come up走近；被提出come up with想出，提出come along一起来carrycarry on继续，坚持carry out执行carry through帮助渡过难关；完成，实现getget across传达，使理解get along/on(with)进展，相处get away逃脱，设法离开get down下来；下车get in收割；到达get off下车；下班get up起床get through 接通；通过；完成；度

78、过；使理解get down to开始认真干get over克服givegive up放弃give in 屈服；呈交give out耗尽；分发give away泄露；赠送give off发出give back归还；使恢复gogo against违背go without(没有)勉强维持，凑合go in for爱好；参加考试(或竞赛)go on继续go over复习；仔细审查go ahead 进行；去做吧，拿去用吧go through经历go away走开go for去取来或接来；争取得到go out出去；熄灭holdhold on to坚持，抓住不放hold back阻碍(某人发展)；抑制(情感)

79、hold on别挂断，等会儿；坚持keepkeep away(from)使远离keep off避免吃(或喝、吸)；使不接近；回避某话题keep on继续keep out挡在外边；(警示语)请勿靠近keep up保持(高昂情绪)，不低落；持续keep up with紧跟上looklook ahead向前看look after照看；负责处理look back回忆，回顾look out 当心，提防；找出look up向上看；查阅；形势好转look down upon看不起look forward to盼望look through浏览；快速查看look into调查；向内看look around环视；

80、游览makemake up编造；化妆；组成，构成；弥补be made up of 由构成make up for补偿，弥补make out 辨认出(看出、听出)；理解putput down放下来；平定，镇压；记下put aside把放到一边；储存put away把收起来；储蓄put forward提出(计划、建议)；拨快；提前put off延期，推迟put on穿戴；上演；增加put out扑灭put up建造；举起；张贴；为提供住宿put up with容忍sendsend for派人去请send out发送；发出(请柬、信号等)setset off出发；引爆set out出发；动身；着手做s

81、et up创建，建立；竖起set about开始做；着手做set aside留出；把放在一边；不理会set apart使与众不同set down让(乘客)下车；写下；记下taketake in吸收；理解；欺骗；收容take up从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间)take off 飞机起飞；脱下take place发生take along随身携带take away带走，拿走take charge负责，掌管take on呈现；雇用；承担take out拿出；带出去take over 接管，接任turnturn away转身，走开turn out结果是；生产turn down拒绝；调小turn on打开

82、；取决于turn off 关掉turn over打翻；翻身turn in 上交(作业等)turn into变成；成为turn to求助于；翻到turn up调大；出现单句语法填空It is fashionable to drive a car，but to drive a car is not nearly as difficult as it is imagined on condition that you stick _ the specialized rules.To get a better grade，you should go _ the notes again before t

83、he test.I often look _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.tooverupDont mention that at the beginning of the story，or it may give _ the shocking ending.He was disappointed to find his suggestions turned _.To keep healthy，Professor Johnson took _ cycling as a regular form of ex

84、ercise after he retired.The old houses are being pulled down to make room_ a new office block.awaydownupfor单句语法填空1The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to，but I suppose Ill just have to make the best _ it.解析：考查动词短语。句意：这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。make the best of充分利用，尽量好好去做。故填of。解题策略of2When

85、 the explorers first set foot _ the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.解析：考查动词短语。句意：当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，那里的天空和土地上充满了各种各样令人惊讶的野生动物。set foot on/upon踏上。故填upon/on。upon/on3The government has taken measures to bring _ the high prices of daily good

86、s to keep the market stable.解析：考查动词短语。句意：政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。bring down 使(某物或某人)掉下(倒下)，击败，降(价)；根据后面的“保持市场的稳定。故填down。4.Some insects take _the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.解析：考查动词短语。句意：一些昆虫为了保护自己，让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。take on承担，呈现，雇用。故填on。downon5Nowadays，its common for a chi

87、ld to pick _ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.解析：考查动词短语。句意：现在，一个孩子仅仅通过观察别人对电脑的操作就能掌握一些知识是很普遍的。pick up拾起，探出，(偶然)学会。故填up。up1动词的考查常常和时态、语态或非谓语结合起来考。所以分清动词是及物还是不及物，能否用被动形式至关重要。2记牢动词短语，分清同一个动词加不同的介词或副词分别是什么意义。技法点津单句语法填空1We had a really damp September this year.I cant r

88、emember _ autumn when it rained so much.解析：考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处指任何一个秋天，表示泛指，用不定冠词，且autumn的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。考点分层演练an2But she quickly realized that it was probably because of the fact that she sat in _ last row.解析：考查冠词。last和定冠词the连用，表示“最后的”。故填the。3The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pu

89、ll it to _ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.解析：考查冠词。town是可数名词，此处指离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，small的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。thea4Among _“four new great inventions”，online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the UK.in 1979.解析：考查冠词。设空后的four new great invention

90、s 在本句中表示特指。故填the。5“As soon as he opens _(he)mouth and sings in Chinese，the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，”said his music teacher.解析：考查代词。根据mouth和主语he可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词mouth，在句中作定语。故填his。thehis6But its difficult for me to decide what activities we should organize and how t

91、o plan _(they)解析：考查代词。plan后应跟一个指代前面的activities的代词，为复数形式，作plan的宾语，所以应用表复数的宾格代词。故填them。7Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for _ the teachers and the students.解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配both.and.意为“两者都”，符合语境。故填both。themboth8I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look afte

92、r _(me)and live independently.解析：考查代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。故填myself。9When they grow older than three years old，_ is easier for girls to catch colds than boys.解析：考查it的用法。分析句子可知，此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填it。myselfit10 Pregnant women，for example，should limit _(they)intake of coffee.解析：考查代词。inta

93、ke为名词，意为“摄入量”，故其前应用形容词性物主代词作定语。故填their。11This young man likes travellinghe is always _ the move.解析：考查介词。句意：这个年轻人喜欢旅行他总是在移动。on the move在行动中，四处奔波，符合语境。故填on。theiron12 It means that we cannot use some modern household items，_ washing machines and they use too much water.解 析：考 查 介 词。根 据 some modern house

94、hold items及 空 后 的washing machines可知，此处表示举例。所以填like“例如”或including“包括”。故填like/including。13Sichuan is home _ pandas，also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.解析：考查介词。be home to.为固定搭配，意为“是的故乡、产地”。故填to。like/includingto14Wolf Warrior is the first film to taste success both in terms _ box office ea

95、rnings and promoting Chinese values.解析：考查介词。句意为：战狼2是第一部在票房收入和宣扬中国价值观上都获得成功的电影。in terms of在方面，就而言。故填of。15Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea，the Yangtze is a natural division _ north and south.解析：考查介词。由句意及句中的and可知，此处表示两者(南和北)之间。故填between。ofbetween16(2022荆州中学月考)When the customers ca

96、n see the cooking process with an open kitchen in the restaurant，it puts _(they)at ease over food safety.解析：考查代词。句中所填之词充当动词puts的宾语，所以用宾格代词。故填them。17(2021河南顶尖名校联考)If the concept is too difficult，_ will be difficult for children to finish that experiment.解析：考查代词。本空用代词it在句中作形式主语。故填it。themit18(2022荆州中学月

97、考)Native to Shaxian County，the Shaxian Delicacies restaurant chain has already become _ great success in China.解析：考查冠词。抽象名词success可指一件成功的事情或一个成功的人，为可数名词，泛指一个，所以此处用不定冠词。故填a。19(2021贵阳摸底)“African music is currently _ window to the African cultural experience，”he said.解析：考查冠词。window“窗户”是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处是泛

98、指，应用不定冠词，且window的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。aa20(2021塘沽一中一模)I still remember the accident and the troubles _ has caused to me.解析：考查代词。句意：我依然记住那个意外事故以及它已经给我带来的麻烦。分析句子可知，the troubles 后面是一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，关系代词that/which在该定语从句中只充当动词caused的宾语，故从句需要代词it作为主语指代前文的the accident。故填it。it21(2021诸暨市5月模拟)These are all e

99、xamples of single-use plastic products，which is _ hot topic based on both environmental and health concerns.解析：考查冠词。句意：这些都是一次性塑料产品的例子，这是一个基于环境和健康问题的热门话题。topic为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且hot是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。a22(2021成都三诊)_ event in my life three or four years ago made me examine my own attitudes towards a

100、lternative medicine.解析：考查冠词。句意：三四年前的一件事让我审视了自己对替代医学的态度。此处是第一次提及event，所以应用泛指。event的开头发音为元音音素，所以应用an。故填An。An23(2021台州市4月调考)You could buy secondhand clothing，too，as _ useful way to extend the lifespan(寿命)of items already created.解析：考查冠词。句意：你也可以买二手衣服，一种可以有效延长物品使用寿命的方式。分析句子可知，way为可数名词，第一次提及，用不定冠词表泛指，由于前有

101、useful修饰，辅音音素开头，故用a。故填a。a24(2021诸暨市5月模拟)Scientists say that another 26.5 trillion pounds will be produced worldwide _ 2050.解析：考查介词。句意：科学家们表示，到2050年，全球将再生产26.5万亿磅。此处表示“到之前”应用介词by。故填by。25(2021珠海市二模)Analysis of elements in the relics indicates sources are similar _ those of other cultures along the Yan

102、gtze River.解析：考查介词。句意：对这些文物的元素分析表明，它们的来源与长江沿岸的其他文化相似。固定短语：be similar to“与相似”。故填to。byto层级二 高考真题练单句语法填空1(2021全 国 乙)Ecotourism has _(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.解析：考查代词。修饰名词origin，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。2(2021浙 江)She was extremely pretty，and her house was a reflection of _(she)，eve

103、rything in good taste and in perfect order.解析：考查代词。根据句意可知是“她长得非常漂亮，她的房子就是她自己的写照”，故此处应用she的反身代词形式。故填herself。itsherself3(2021新高考)As the song goes，this long and winding road“will never disappear”，and it will always stick in the visitors memory.It sure does in _(I)解析：考查代词。句意：这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。此句中it指代 the so

104、ng，does指代动词 sticks，空白处应指 my memory，为避免重复，用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词名词”。故填mine。mine4(2021浙江1月高考)The study found that between 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased _ 2.1 in women and men.解析：考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.523.9)可知，inc

105、rease by符合语境。故填by。by5(2021全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all _ way around the Xian City Wall.Supposedly you can do it in two hours，but.解析：考查冠词。句意：我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直；完全地”可知短语为all the way，因此用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。the6(2021全国甲)Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help.Only a _ cho

106、ose to deal with the problems on _(they)own.解析：考查代词。句意：一些说他们会向他们的父母或老师求助。只有几个人选择自己解决问题。短语only a few 只有几个，很少；on ones own，意为“独自”，结合句意可知，此处指学生们独自完成，所以要用代词their。故填few；their。fewtheir7(2020全国)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove.I waited patiently until the oil was hot.Then I put the

107、 tomatoes and the beaten eggs into _ pan together.解析：考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的pan，所以其前应加定冠词the。故填the。8(2019全国)I was walking by the school playground.Suddenly a football fell just _ front of me and almost hit me.解析：考查介词。in front of为短语介词，意为“在前面”。故填in。thein9(2019全国)When we got a call saying she was short-listed，w

108、e thought it was _ joke.解析：考查冠词。根据句意“我们还以为那是一个玩笑”可知，此处joke为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。10(2018全国)Unexpectedly，Im face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at _ top of her lungs.解析：考查冠词。at the top of ones lungs为固定搭配，意为“用最响亮的声音，声嘶力竭地”。故填the。athe11(2017全国)This included digging up the road，laying th

109、e track and then building a strong roof over _top.解析：考查冠词。此处特指“顶部”。故填the。12(2019全国)Modern methods _ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.解析：考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for，表示“的方法”。故填of/for。theof/for13(2019全国)W

110、e were first greeted with the barking by a pack _ dogs，seven to be exact.解析：考查介词。a pack of为固定搭配，意为“一群”。故填of。14(2020浙 江 7月)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with _ rise of science，changes began.解析：考查冠词。with the rise of意为“随着的崛起”，是固定短语。故填the。ofthe15(2018浙江11月)One cup of coffee _ t

111、he late afternoon or evening will cause them to stay awake almost all night.解析：考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening，介词用in。故填in。16(2017全国)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _ work.解析：考查介词。to an

112、d from work为固定短语，意为“上下班”。故填from。infrom17The study found that _ 1985 and 2017，average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men.解析：考查介词。固定搭配，between.and.意为在之间。故填between。18They kept _(they)collection at home until it got too big or until they died，and then it was given to a museum.解析：考查代词。句意：他们把自己的藏

113、品留在家里，直到收藏量变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给了一家博物馆。根据句意可知，collection是名词，前面需要一个形容词来限定它。故填their。betweentheir19(2019北京)Nervously facing challenges，I know I will whisper to _(I)the two simple words“Be yourself”解析：考查代词。本句的主语是I，空处作to的宾语，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。20(2018全国)If you are time poor，you need run for onl

114、y half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give _ a try.解析：考查名词或代词。根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故可填名词running，也可填代词it来指代。give sth.a try尝试一下某事。故填running/it。myselfrunning/it层级三 语篇提能练语法填空Passage 1 冠词与代词篇(改编自2019全国)On our way to the house，1_ was raining so hard that we

115、couldnt help wondering how long 2_ would take to get there.It was in the middle of Pearl City.ititWe were first greeted with the barking by 3_ pack of dogs，seven to be exact.4_(them)were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for 5_(this)animals.Our hosts shared many of 6

116、 _(they)experiences and recommended wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in 7_ backyard.aTheythesetheirtheWhen they were free from work，they invited 8_(we)to local events and let us know of 9_ interesting competition to

117、watch，together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.On 10_ last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musician

118、s and meeting interesting locals.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在美国夏威夷的一次旅行经历。usanthe解析：1考查代词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们忍不住去想还要多久才能到达那里。it 可以指天气。故填it。2考查代词。句意同上题。此处是句式It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.，it为形式主语，to do不定式为真正的主语。故填it。3考查冠词。a pack of意为“一群”。故填a。4考查代词。句意：它们被它们的主人训练得很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。它们(狗儿们)在这里作主语；位

119、于句首，大写首字母。故填They。5考查代词。句意同上题。因为animals是复数形式，故填指示代词these。故填these。6考查代词。experience是名词，前面需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰它。故填their。7考查冠词。空格修饰名词backyard，是特指的他们的院子。故填the。8考查代词。空格处作invited的宾语，应用宾格形式。故填us。9考查冠词。空格后interesting的发音以元音音素开头，此处泛指一场有趣的比赛。故填an。10考查冠词。on the last day在最后一天。故填the。Passage 2 动词与介词篇(改编自2017全国)She looks

120、like any other schoolgirl，fresh-faced and full 1_ life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward 2_ the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike her school friends，16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 3_(rest)Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as a model in New York.oftorestingSarah was told that

121、 she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter，44，wants her to give 4_ school to model full-time.But Sarah，who has taken part 5_ shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry 6_ with her

122、education.She has turned 7_ several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year 8_ to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 9_ engineering or architecture.upinondownoffinSarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the off

123、er now.But at the moment，school 10_(come)first.I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。comes解析：

124、1考查介词。固定短语：full of life充满活力。故填of。2考查介词。固定短语：look forward to(doing)sth.盼望(做)某事。故填to。3考查非谓语动词。固定短语：spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填resting。4考查动词短语。固定短语：give up(doing)sth.放弃(做)某事。故填up。5考查动词短语。固定短语：take part in sth.参加活动。故填in。6考查动词短语。固定短语：carry on with sth.继续做某事。故填on。7考查动词短语。固定短语：turn down 拒绝。故填down。8考查动词短语。固定短语：take some time off 请假一段时间。故填off。9考查介词。in表示“在某方面”，获得某项学位“get a degree in.”。故填in。10考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现在的情况应该用一般现在时。故填comes。