2023届高考二轮总复习课件 英语 （适用于老高考新教材） 专题四 语篇填空.pptx

1、第 二 部 分 语 言 运 用专题四 语篇填空英 语2023内 容 索 引NO.1 读文总策略破解语篇填空3步法NO.2 题型微技法突破2大类型语篇填空题NO.3 真题实战经典对练拿高分读文总策略破解语篇填空3步法NO.1 语篇填空题旨在通过语篇测试考生的语言知识与技能,将语法考查提升到语篇层面,在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识、理解语篇的能力。这对考生理解语篇结构、把握语篇主题、分析句子特征以及熟练使用语法知识等方面的能力提出了更高的要求。下面通过分析2022年高考真题,为大家总结出语篇填空的解题3步法:完形定性顺意。【典例印证】(2022浙江1月卷)Kim Cobb,a

2、 professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta,is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.Travelling to conferences,lectures,workshops,and the likefrequently by plane57(view)as important for scientists to get to

3、gether and exchange information.But Cobb and others 58(be)now questioning that ideapushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59(change)their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci,for example,6

4、0(rough)200 academicsmany of them climate scientists61(promise)to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.Cobb,for her part,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 62 she could do so remotely;about three-quarters of 63time,they agreed.When the answer wa

5、s no,she declined the 64(invite).That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans 65(continue)the practice.“It has been fairly rewarding,”she says“a really positive change.”语篇导读:本文是一篇记叙文。为了应对气候变化,以亚特兰大的KimCobb教授为代表的一部分学者减少学术活动中的航空旅行,优先选择通过远程方式参与活动。【解题流程】第一步完形解决有提示词词形转换问题首先判

6、断所给提示词的词性以及在句中所作的成分,然后完成词形的转换。【分析】57.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处为句子的谓语部分,句子主语为动词-ing形式短语“Travelling to.”,表示单数概念,与view为被动关系;再结合语境可知,此处可表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动作,故填。58.考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的“now questioning”可知,空处所在句的时态为现在进行时,且主语表示复数意义;question在此处为动词,表示“表示疑问,怀疑”。故填。59.考查非谓语动词。空处与上文的pushing并列作状语,又因change与句子主语 Cobb

7、and others为逻辑上的主谓关系,故填。is viewed/has been viewed arechanging60.考查副词。此处表示大约200位学者,空处应用所给词的副词形式作状语。表示“大约,大致,差不多”。故填。61.考查动词时态。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知,此处应用现在完成时。故填。64.考查名词。空处作declined的宾语,应用所给词的名词形式,故填。65.考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth“计划做某事”,为固定搭配,故填动词不定式。roughlyhave promisedinvitation

8、to continue第二步定性解决无提示词填空问题分析句子结构,判断要填入的词在句子中所作的成分,然后决定设空处的词性。【分析】56.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词为指代人的a small but growing minority of academics,故填。62.考查宾语从句。句意:就Cobb而言,她开始询问邀请她发言的会议组织者她是否可以远程发言。空处引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,故填。who/thatwhether/if第三步顺意根据语意验证答案通过对设空的位置、词性以及在句中所作的成分进行综合分析并填入答案后,还需要进行最后一步顺意。因为

9、语篇填空已经提升到了语篇层面,是在完整、真实、综合的语境中考查语法,所以理解设空处所在句子的意思尤为关键,这也是对此题的最后一个检查过程。【分析】63.考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的Cobb询问邀请她发言的会议组织者是否可以远程发言这种情况,故填定冠词。the题型微技法突破2大类型语篇填空题NO.2 类型一类型二聚焦命题明晰增分策略研命题 透析高考真题,把握命题规律年份试卷体裁主题有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词类转换名词代词比较级冠词介词连词2022新高考全国卷说明文大熊猫国家公园介绍 2211 00112浙江1月 记叙文学者们远程参与活动应对气候变化3220 00102全国乙卷 说明文首

10、届国际茶日及一系列活动1301 11111全国甲卷 记叙文失明男子徒步旅行并沿途做环保的经历1311 01111类型一类型二年份试卷体裁主题有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词类转换名词代词比较级冠词介词连词2021新高考全国卷记叙文登黄山的经历1121 11102浙江卷记叙文美国总统林肯老房子的变迁史3110 11111全国乙卷 说明文生态旅游0321 10120全国甲卷 记叙文骑自行车游西安古城墙2211 01111类型一类型二年份试卷体裁主题有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词类转换名词代词比较级冠词介词连词2020新高考全国卷说明文博物馆介绍3120 10012浙江卷说明文农业的发展史

11、3201 00121全国卷 说明文“嫦娥四号”在月球背面着陆3111 10111全国卷 说明文春节装饰品1321 00111全国卷 记叙文伟大的艺术家2220 01012 类型一类型二考情解读1.体裁与选材:一般为200词左右的说明文或记叙文,注重思想性和时态性,注重核心素养的培养。2.设题特点:考查语法、词汇语用知识,强调语篇分析能力,突显交际性和语境化特征。3.考点设置:有提示词的填空题一般为7个,包括词形转换、名词的单复数、动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词等;无提示词的填空题一般为3个,通常包括冠词、介词和连接词。类型一类型二明策略 升华解题思维,考场有序增分命题方式解题捷径备考策略考查考生

12、在阅读理解的基础上运用语法知识的能力。设题分有提示词(7个)和无提示词(3个)两种形式。有提示词多考查实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词)的词形转换和基本用法。无提示词多考查虚词的用法。1.通读全文,理解大意。把握全文大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语意”上的准备,因为“语意”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语以及应该采用什么样的语法形式。2.先易后难,边读边填。这是一个判断空白处应填词语的语意(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法形式的思维过程。先忽略一时无法确定的题目,在核查时联系上下文作答。3.清除难点,验证复查。将所有答案填进短文中并进行通读,注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的

13、问题。1.在语篇中训练考点。在真实的交际场景中进行词汇、语法知识的学习和应用。2.加强背诵,夯实基础。动词的不规则变化、非谓语动词的形式、词形间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等必须记牢记准。3.加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养,继续重视语言运用的准确性。类型一类型二类型一“有提示词”解题之道语法热点一谓语动词提示词为动词时,动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语形式的变化、非谓语形式的变化以及词形转换。谓语动词的形式变化主要包括时态、语态和主谓一致。技巧点拨领悟解题之道类型一类型二第一步如何判定是谓语动词解题攻略首先,确定是否作谓语首先,分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空格处

14、所需词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。其次,如果作谓语,就要考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语);看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者);看人称和数,确保主谓一致。类型一类型二典型例题(2021全国甲卷)The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history.It(build)originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completel

15、y restored(修复).分析:第一步:确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知,空处和has now beencompletely restored作并列谓语,用并列连词and进行了连接。第二步:考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语in the Tang dynasty可知发生在过去,根据主语It(the Xian City Wall)可知,谓语动词用单数形式,又因其与动词build之间是动宾关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。因此应填。was built 类型一类型二第二步再确定作何种谓语技法1确定时态的4个依据典型例题1.(2022新高考全国卷)The plan will extend protec

16、tion to a significant number of areas that(be)previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.were解析 考查动词的时态。根据后面的副词previously可知,此处用一般过去时;that指代前面的a significant number of area

17、s,所以谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。类型一类型二2.(2021新高考全国卷)Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,Id send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to(be)Alaska Airlines Paris.was解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据表示过去时间的动词heard,wrote可知,该句陈述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,再根据主语“One ofthe biggest companies”可知,谓语动词应用单数形式,故填was。3.(2022重庆第二次

18、学业质量调研抽测)The term“cli-fi”(use)for the first time in 2007 by climate activist and writer Dan Bloom.was used解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,use在句中作谓语。根据时间状语in 2007可知,时态为一般过去时;use与主语之间为被动关系;主语为第三人称单数,所以空处填was used。类型一类型二4.(2022重庆名校联盟第一次联考)They(operate)an open-air kitchen near Jiangxi Cancer Hospital since

19、2003 to offer a helping hand to cancer patients.have operated解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处是谓语动词,由下文since 2003可知,空处需要用现在完成时;又因主语是They,故填haveoperated。类型一类型二5.(2022湖北十一校第一次联考)High-quality 5G networks _(drive)the rapid growth of mobile data traffic so far,according to Ding Yun,Huaweis executive director an

20、d the president of its carrier business group.have driven解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语so far可知,该处用现在完成时;主语High-quality 5G networks为复数,故谓语动词用复数形式。类型一类型二6.(2022山东潍坊核心素养测评)This marks the first time that categorical rhythm(find)in a nonhuman mammal.has been found解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此空作从句的谓语。根据“the

21、first time that”可知,需用现在完成时;categorical rhythm与find之间为被动关系;categorical rhythm为第三人称单数。故填has beenfound。类型一类型二7.(2022河北石家庄教学质量检测二)Meanwhile,the composers wrote the musical scores after working out the tunes,and the songs(write)in seven-character or ten-character lines.were written解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子

22、结构可知,空处作and后的并列分句的谓语。根据前面的并列分句的时态可知,此处需用一般过去时;主语the songs与write之间为被动关系;主语the songs为复数,所以空处填were written。类型一类型二8.(2022福建福州诊断性联考)Aunts,uncles,cousins came around,_(enjoy)a massive meal and lazed in front of the TV for a couple of hours.9.(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive

23、equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!We(hire)our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.enjoyed解析 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,此处与came和lazed并列,同作本句的谓语,也需用一般过去时,且与主语之间是主动关系,所以空处应填enjoyed。hired解析 考查动词的时态。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处

24、描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。类型一类型二10.(2022山东烟台重点学校检测)That was the first time I(step)onto an international stage and it was so cool.11.(2022辽宁沈阳期中检测)The old man(drive)down to New York when she suddenly found that he was on the wrong road.had stepped解析 考查动词时态。根据句型This/It/That was the first/secon

25、d/.time thatsb had done.可知,这里用过去完成时态,因为step是闭音节词,因此要双写字母p。was driving解析 考查动词时态。根据句型sb was/were doing sth when sb did.可知,这里应该用过去进行时态。类型一类型二12.(2022河北保定检测)Keep a more balanced diet,and you _(enjoy)life.13.(2022山东济南高三联考)It is high time that we(lay)great emphasis on the wildlife protection.will enjoy解析

26、考查动词时态。这是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型,陈述句要用一般将来时,因此填will enjoy。laid/should lay解析 考查动词时态。根据句型Its(high)time that sb did/should do sth可知,这里应该用过去时或者should do的形式,故填laid或should lay。类型一类型二解题攻略1.慧眼识别标志词分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,且句中有标志性的时间状语,应根据时间状语考虑相应的时态。看到often,usually,always,every time,sometimes等时间状语,要想到用一般现在时。看到yesterday,th

27、en,last year,in+过去的时间点,the other day,.days ago,一段时间+later等时间状语,要想到通常用一般过去时。看到tomorrow,next year,in a week,in the future,soon等时间状语,要想到用一般将来时。类型一类型二看到at this moment,at present,now等时间状语,要想到用现在进行时。看到since,recently,lately,already,in the last/past.years,so far,ever since.等时间状语,要想到用现在完成时。看到by then,by+过去的时间

28、点等时间状语,要想到用过去完成时。2.瞻前顾后找并列可根据并列连词and,but,or,rather than,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态和语态要保持一致。类型一类型二3.“语境暗示”法分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,在没有标志性的时间状语的情况下,通过题干中的语境暗示解题,这也是解决时态问题的一个行之有效的方法。4.“常用句式”法分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,且该句是固定句式时,考虑用相应的时态。平时要积累并熟记以下常用句式:sb was/were doing s

29、th when sb did.sb had(just)done sth when sb did.This/It/That was the first/second/.time that sb had done.祈使句+and/or+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时Its(high)time that sb did/should do sth类型一类型二技法2 明确逻辑关系确定语态典型例题1.(2022新高考全国卷)The GPNP(design)to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity(

30、完整性)of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.is designed解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文内容可知,此处客观介绍设计这个国家公园的指导原则是什么,所以用一般现在时;主语与design之间是被动关系,用被动语态。故填is designed。类型一类型二2.(2022浙江杭州第二学期教学质量检测)Origi

31、nally,the game _(create)by Josh Wardle,a New York software engineer for his partner,who likes playing word games.was created解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为谓语动词,再根据句中的Originally可知,此处时态应为一般过去时,主语the game与create构成被动关系,且主语the game为单数概念,故填was created。类型一类型二3.(2022山东济南模拟考试)Young people can learn how the t

32、raditional food is made and the culture surrounding this food can(carry)forward and expanded.4.(2022浙江金丽衢十二校第一次联考)So far,this amazing scientific work(put)into a number of different languages,including English,French,German and Japanese.be carried解析 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构和句意可知,the culture与carry之间为被动关系,结合空前的c

33、an可知,空处填be carried。has been put解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在本句中作谓语,由句中时间状语So far可知,应用现在完成时;put和句子主语thisamazing scientific work之间为被动关系,且主语为第三人称单数。所以空处填 has been put。类型一类型二5.(2022福建福州质量抽测)Libraries are dynamic places that help us to adjust to the world,and their doors must(keep)open to everyonefor f

34、ree.6.(2022湖南长沙适应性考试)The company believes the products _(sell)well in the coming Christmas,so he is extremely confident in their product pipeline.be kept解析 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语,和主语doors构成被动关系,结合空前的must可知,空处填be kept。will sell解析 考查动词的时态。这里sell是不及物动词,说明the products的特点,因此用主动形式,再根据in the coming Chri

35、stmas可知,应该用将来时。类型一类型二解题攻略1.依据逻辑关系,辨析主动或被动分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主谓关系,应考虑用主动语态,若是动宾关系则考虑用被动语态。牢记几种被动语态结构:一般现在时:am/is/are done一般过去时:was/were done一般将来时:will be done过去将来时:would be done现在进行时:am/is/are being done过去进行时:was/were being done现在完成时:have/has been done过去完成时:had been done类型一类型二带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式为:情态动

36、词+be done;做题步骤一般分为两步:先考虑语态,再考虑时态;主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。2.牢记主动表示被动含义的句式结构提示词作谓语,且表示的是主语所具有的特征时,应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。类型一类型二技法3 确定主谓一致的3个原则典型例题1.(2019天津卷改编)Amy,as well as her brothers,(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.was given解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据last week可知应用过去时,as well as连接并列主语,谓语动词的

37、数与前面的主语保持一致。这句话真正的主语是Amy,她受到热烈欢迎,所以用过去时的被动语态。类型一类型二2.(2019江苏高考改编)The musician along with his band members _(give)ten performances in the last three months.3.(2022湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)There(be)countless things that can influence your sleep.has given解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。由“in the last three months”可知,这句话的时态为现在完成

38、时。主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式,along with连接主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致,故用第三人称单数形式。are解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句为there be句型,be由后面的名词countless things决定,需用复数;根据句意及后面的can可知是一般现在时。故填are。类型一类型二4.Not only the students but also their teacher(move)deeply by the moving story yesterday.5.At present neither my wife nor I myself

39、(be)able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.was moved解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。not only.but also.连接主语时,要根据“就近一致”原则确定谓语动词的单复数,因此与their teacher保持一致,再根据yesterday判断用一般过去时,结合语境,这里用一般过去时的被动语态。am解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。这里主语由neither.nor.连接,根据I确定谓语动词用单数形式;再结合时间状语At present判断用一般现在时。类型一类型二6.(2022广东广州调研测试)The good new

40、s(be)that there is evidence that the population appears to be growing.7.(2022江苏南京六校联合体调研)Five hours in space(require)50 hours of underwater training.is解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合本段的时态及后面的is可知,空处用一般现在时;该句主语是“The good news”,news为不可数名词,故用is。requires解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。表示时间、度量、价值、距离等名词复数和数词作主语时,谓语动词可根据语法一致原则用单数形式

41、。该句主语为Five hours,表单数意义,故谓语动词用单数;该处陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时;主语Five hours和 require之间为主动关系。故填requires。类型一类型二8.(2022福建厦门第二次质量检测)I love my career and(be)willing to shoulder the responsibility to safeguard the happiness and the peaceful life of millions of families in the motherland.am解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,and

42、连接两个并列成分,空处的时态应与love保持一致,故用一般现在时。主语为I,故填am。类型一类型二解题攻略1.“就远一致”原则分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,看到主语后跟有with,together with,along with,as well as,like,but,except,rather than,including,in addition to等词或短语时,谓语动词的数要与其前面的主语保持一致。2.“就近一致”原则分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语,看到主语由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接时,要根据“就近原则”确定谓语动词的

43、单复数;分析句子成分发现提示词作谓语,看到there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。类型一类型二3.语法一致原则可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时,谓语动词用单数;单个的非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。表示时间、度量、价值、距离等名词复数和数词作主语时,谓语动词根据语法一致原则用单数。类型一类型二语法热点二非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词,在句子中可以作除谓语以外的

44、其他成分。非谓语动词常考点主要为:动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态、省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构、分析句子成分的能力。类型一类型二第一步先确定是否作非谓语成分解题攻略首先,确定是否作非谓语成分首先,分析句子成分,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又不是作并列谓语时,则要考虑填非谓语动词。其次,确定填何种非谓语形式根据所作句子成分,考虑非谓语动词的形式:提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式;提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用动词-ed形式;提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。类型一类型二典型例题(2

45、021全国甲卷)It is possible(walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.分析:第一步:确定是否作非谓语成分。提示词是动词,句中已有系动词is,又不是作并列谓语动词,因此此处为非谓语动词。第二步:确定填何种非谓语形式。分析句子成分可知,这里是“it is+adj.+todo.”句型,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式,因此空处应为动词不定式。故填。to walk类型一类型二第二步判断非谓语动词所作的成分技法1非谓语动词作主语和表语成分分析法典型例题1.(2022福建福州诊断性联考)It seemed an unending journey,but

46、 even as a six-year-old girl I realized that(read)is of vital importance.reading解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里要填的词作宾语从句的主语,因此用动名词reading。类型一类型二2.(2022山东潍坊模拟考试)In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation,(conduct)the treatments in the original place allows the scu

47、lptures to be treated in the same natural light in which they are exhibited currently.conducting解析 考查非谓语动词。空处用动名词conducting作主语,表示一般性的动作,故填conducting。类型一类型二3.(2019全国卷)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take(get)there.4.(2022福建福州质量抽测)My year

48、s as a teacher librarian were the most(reward)of my career.to get解析 考查非谓语动词。这是“It takes sb some time to do sth”句型。故此处应填不定式,故填to get。rewarding解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作were的表语,空前为most,需用现在分词形式作形容词,故填rewarding。类型一类型二5.(2022江苏南京联考)I was(surprise)to hear them mentioned together:I had never connected them b

49、efore.surprised解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处作was的表语,主语是I,故用过去分词。类型一类型二解题攻略1.如何判断非谓语动词作主语句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用动词-ing形式还是动词不定式作主语;掌握用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作主语的句型:It is/was+形容词(+for/of sb)+to do sth.It is/was no use/good/a waste of time doing sth.It is/was fun doing sth.It takes/took sb some time to do sth.It is/was

50、worthwhile to do/doing sth.类型一类型二2.如何判断非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词中能作表语的有:动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式。表示“令人的”,要用动词-ing形式;表示“感到的”,要用动词-ed形式。类型一类型二技法2非谓语动词作宾语句型公式法典型例题1.(2021全国甲卷)After(spend)some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action.2.(2022湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)Besides,a roo

51、m too dark may not keep you up at night,but it can damage your energy upon(wake).spending解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处after为介词,故spend应用其动词-ing形式作介词宾语。故填spending。waking解析 考查非谓语动词。空处前面是介词upon,后面应该接名词或者动词-ing形式。故填waking。类型一类型二3.(2022重庆毕业班调研)He tried to avoid(say)anything that would remind her of the accident fi

52、ve years ago.saying解析 考查非谓语动词。avoid后接动词-ing形式作宾语,故填saying。4.(2022福建厦门毕业班检测)Theres also been a great increase in the number of networking sites devoted to(share)advice on health issues.sharing解析 考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth“致力于做某事”,to是介词,后面接动词-ing形式作宾语。类型一类型二5.(2022江西六校联考)The guide dog not permitt

53、ed(board)is just the tip of the iceberg,compared to the various difficulties faced by the countrys visually impaired population every day when they leave their home.6.(2022河北石家庄教学质量检测一)There is also a robot designed(explain)scientific knowledge to visitors.boarding解析 考查非谓语动词。permit后接动词-ing形式作宾语,故填bo

54、arding。to explain解析 考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达be designed to do sth,意为“被设计来做某事”,动词不定式表目的,故填to explain。类型一类型二7.(2022福建福州质量检测)Reports that 300,000 tons of used clothing ends up in UK landfills every year have led to a comeback of make-do-and-mend,encouraging increasing numbers of people to take a renewed intere

55、st in maintenance,(buy)second-hand clothes and to choose quality over quantity.8.The smoke and the fire and all that stuff started coming.It started burning my eyes and(hurt)my throat,but I was still trying to get him out.to buy解析 考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达encourage sb to do sth,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,所以填to buy。hurting解

56、析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,要填的词与burning是并列关系,故填hurting。类型一类型二9.I still remember(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.visiting解析 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里指“我依然记得去朋友家拜访的情景”,意思是“记得干过某事”,因此用remember doing sth,故填visiting。类型一类型二10.Most people

57、,at one time or another,have been on the receiving end of a random act of kindnessthat moment when a complete stranger stops(offer)aid,generosity or sympathy.to offer解析 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知,这里的意思是“陌生人停下来提供帮助”,故要用不定式作目的状语,因此填to offer。类型一类型二解题攻略1.作介词的宾语用动词-ing形式介词后一定跟动词-ing形式作宾语;but/except后接动词不定式作宾语,若前面有实义动

58、词do时,不定式就要省略to。类型一类型二2.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy,consider,escape,avoid)不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help,give up,risk)感激承认很值得(appreciate,admit,be worth)介意想象莫拖延(mind,imagine,delay,put off)允许完成与期望(allow,permit,finish,look forward to)建议继续勤操练(suggest,keep on,practise)致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to,excuse,insist on)继续

59、成功不错过(keep on,succeed in,miss)类型一类型二3.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词三个希望两答应(hope,wish,expect,agree,promise)两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse)设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide/determine)不要假装在选择(pretend,choose/select)计划提出再打算(plan,offer,intend)申请失败负担起(apply,fail,afford)目标愿望又碰巧(aim,desire,happen)类型一类型二4.既可跟动词-ing形式作宾语,又可跟动词不定式作宾语但表达含义

60、不同的动词和短语有remember,forget,regret,stop,go on,need,start,try,mean等。注意它们含义的不同,例如:类型一类型二技法3 非谓语动词作定语关系分析法典型例题1.(2021新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your(ache)legs.aching解析 考查

61、非谓语动词。ache是不及物动词,意为“疼痛”。ache和legs之间为主动关系,故用现在分词aching作定语。类型一类型二2.(2022江苏四市教学调研)The underlying philosophy,literature,art,and craftsmanship(show)in the architecture reflect the monumental achievements of this period.shown/showed解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处为非谓语动词,和其主语“The underlying philosophy,literature,art

62、,and craftsmanship”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。类型一类型二3.(2022山东潍坊模拟考试)Six marble(大理石)sculptures,(carve)in the 17th and 18th centuries by some of the greatest sculptors that worked in France,will receive conservation treatment.4.Wang became the first Chinese woman(conduct)a spacewalk when she and Zhai spe

63、nt six hours outside the module to install equipment and carry out tests alongside the stations robotic service arm.carved解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作后置定语,“Six marblesculptures”与carve之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填carved。to conduct解析 考查非谓语动词。当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时,应跟动词不定式作后置定语。故填to conduct。类型一类型二5.(2022广东广州调研测试)This is

64、a focused effort(help)the animals reproduce.6.(2022江苏南通模拟)Just yesterday our family had the chance _(donate)art supplies to these migrant children at an event sponsored by ABC.to help解析 考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,修饰抽象名词effort。to donate解析 考查非谓语动词。这里被修饰的名词是chance,常用动词不定式作定语,故填to donate。类型一类型二解题攻略1.动词-ing形

65、式(短语)作定语动词-ing形式(短语)作定语表示主动、正在进行;若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done结构;表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词,意为“令人的”。2.过去分词(短语)作定语过去分词(短语)作定语表示被动、完成;动词-ed形式的形容词,意为“(人)感到的”,也可作定语修饰体现内心感受的look,expression,tears,smile,voice等名词。类型一类型二3.动词不定式作定语看到由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用动词不定式作定语;看到由the only,the last,the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用动词不定式作定语;看到被修饰的名

66、词(代词)是ability,attempt,chance,desire,eagerness,potential,reason,right,something,anything,time,way,wish等词时,常用动词不定式作定语。类型一类型二技法4 非谓语动词作状语理清逻辑关系典型例题1.(2022新高考全国卷)(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.Coverin

67、g解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词will be,所以此处用非谓语动词形式;句子主语与cover之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。故用Covering。类型一类型二2.(2022江苏南京盐城第二次模拟考试)Men and women gather in separate halls,(double)some of the prices.doubling解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,此处应是非谓语动词作状语,表示自然而然的结果,用现在分词,故填doubling。3.(2022山东济南学情检测)The finished pictures,therefore,have t

68、he features of both woodcut prints and Chinese paintings,(make)a special branch in traditional folk art.making解析 考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是have,空处在句中为非谓语,且表示自然而然的结果,故填现在分词making。类型一类型二4.(2022山东青岛期中考试)They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters,(compare)with their male

69、 counterparts.5.(follow)by a wedding photographer,the couple made a surprise visit to the pared解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,female applicants与compare之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语。Followed解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,follow与主句主语the couple之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词作状语。类型一类型二6.(2022新高考全国卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number

70、 of areas that were previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority _(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.7.Archaeologists have discovered a wooden Mayan boat in southern Mexico,believed(be)over 1,000 years old.to

71、increase解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故用to increase。to be解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里是句型sth be believed todo sth意为“据认为”,故填to be。类型一类型二8.(2022湖北武汉质量检测)Early the following morning,Sophia woke up only(find)Edwin missing and also noticed a note under a glass of hot milk.9.Sharma says organic teas hav

72、e much smaller yields and are expensive(produce).to find解析 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,这里是only to do sth结构,表示出乎意料的结果,应用动词不定式作结果状语,因此填to find。to produce解析 考查非谓语动词。这里的意思是“有机茶叶产量要比普通茶叶小得多,并且生产成本很高”。本句是“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”句式,要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。类型一类型二解题攻略1.动词-ing形式(短语)作状语分析句子成分,句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,常用动词-ing形式(短语):作时间、原因、条件、方

73、式状语,且与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式(短语);表示自然而然的结果用动词-ing形式(短语)。2.过去分词(短语)作状语分析句子成分,句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,常用过去分词形式。作时间、原因、条件等状语,且表示被动时,应用过去分词(短语)作状语。类型一类型二3.动词不定式(短语)作状语动词不定式(短语)可以作目的状语;only to do sth为动词不定式(短语)作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果;形容词或过去分词作表语时,后接动词不定式(短语)作状语。常见的词有:happy,lucky,anxious,proud,fortunate,disappointed,surpri

74、sed,delighted,foolish,pleased等;牢记“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”句式,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。类型一类型二技法5 非谓语动词作宾语补足语牢记固定搭配典型例题1.(2022山东威海模考)Now he was starving and wasnt sure if he was allowed(eat)in the cafeteria or not.2.(2022四川成都诊断)They have warned residents(stay)inside and keep their doors and windows shut.to eat解析 考查非

75、谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里是allow sb to do sth结构,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to eat。to stay解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里是warn sb to do sth结构,故填to stay。类型一类型二3.(2022辽宁沈阳教学质量监测一)In this way,we had energy(store)for when there was no food.stored解析 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知,该句使用了have sth done 结构;名词energy和 store之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作have的宾语补足语。4.(2

76、022广东广州七校联合体第二次联考)Its name“Bing Dwen Dwen”is a combination of several meanings in the Chinese language,with the Chinese word“Bing”for“ice”(mean)health and liveliness.meaning解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,mean在句中作非谓语,与“the Chinese word Bing forice”之间构成了逻辑上的主谓关系,所以空处填meaning。类型一类型二5.(2022江苏苏

77、州调研)As they reached the edge of the village,they saw a villager(run)down the mountain path.The sound of his panicked footsteps came to them clearly.running解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处要作宾语补足语,由于avillager 与run之间是主动关系,而且描述的是正在进行的情况,故用现在分词。类型一类型二解题攻略1.动词不定式作宾语补足语常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell,order,allow,permit,enable,p

78、ersuade,force,warn,encourage,inspire,expect,forbid,advise,remind,teach等。2.have的固定用法have sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直做have sth done让某事被做have sb do sth让某人做某事类型一类型二3.with的复合结构with+宾语+宾语补足语4.分词作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行;过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。类型一类型二语法热点三词形转换在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时,首先要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词或代词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,

79、动词作谓语与非谓语,形容词作表语、定语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;其次要根据标志词及语境确定比较级;最后要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰词以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。类型一类型二第一步确定是否考查词形转换解题攻略首先,确定是否考查词形转换提示词为形容词、副词、名词或代词时,首先要考虑词形转换;提示词为动词,且该动词在句中既不作谓语,也不作非谓语,则要考虑动词词形转换。其次,确定转换形式根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析,最终确定正确的词形转换形式。类型一类型二典型例题(2021新高考全国卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see o

80、nce you are at the top will remind you how tiny we(human)are.分析:第一步:分析句子结构可知,空格处要填的词与we之间是同位语关系;第二步:we是复数,因此要用human的复数形式与之匹配,因此填。humans类型一类型二第二步利用解题规则,进行词形转换技法1提示词为动词的2种词形转换提示词为动词,如果既不是谓语动词,也不是非谓语动词,则考虑动词词形转换,动词是转换成名词还是形容词,则根据句式结构以及空格所作成分进一步分析。类型一类型二典型例题1.(2021新高考全国卷)But thats how nature isalways le

81、aving us(astonish).2.(2022湖北部分重点中学模拟)The most(impress)thing about him is his calm acceptance of whatever comes his way.astonished解析 考查词形转换。astonish和us之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词astonished。leave sb+v.-ed,意为“使得某人处于一种怎样的情感状态”。impressive解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,要填的词作定语修饰thing,因此要用形容词,impress的形容词是impressive。类型一类型二3.(2022江苏

82、南京六校联合体调研)For astronauts,the training is one of the most(memory)parts of their training.4.(2022重庆第二次学业质量调研抽测)He wanted to make“climate fiction”more(appeal).memorable解析 考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词parts,故用所给词的形容词形式。解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处作make的宾语补足语,补充说明climate fiction的性质,需要用形容词,所以空处填appealing。appealing类型一类型二

83、5.(2022福建福州诊断性联考)This morning,a(cheer)lion dance troupe(表演团)drove slowly past my local wet market.6.(2022江苏苏州调研)A loyal daughter,she fights first for her family and then for her country,showing bravery and complete selflessness in her actions,winning praise and(admire)from others,and bringing her fa

84、mily great honor.cheerful解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的名词lion dancetroupe,应用形容词,所以空处应填cheerful。admiration解析 考查词形转换。根据句中的and可知,此处为并列结构,由句中的praise可判断,此处需要使用名词形式。类型一类型二7.(2022江苏南京盐城第一次模拟)A rural tour to the province might allow travelers to have a glance at their daily lives as well as the _(develop)of Chi

85、nas rural areas in recent years.development解析 考查词形转换。根据空前的the和空后的of可知,此空应填名词。类型一类型二8.(2022重庆名校联盟第一次联考)One of the ten role models,Wang Hai,is a former MiG-15 fighter pilot and air force(command)who led the Peoples Air Forces young No.1 Brigade and fought more than 80 fierce battles with the US Air Fo

86、rce during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Kmander解析 考查词形转换。由上文的冠词a可知,此处用可数名词单数形式。故填commander。类型一类型二1.动词转换为形容词v.+-able转换为形容词acceptacceptable可接受的adaptadaptable能适应的adjustadjustable可调节的affordaffordable负担得起的v.+-ed/-ing转换为形容词confuseconfused感到困惑的worryworried担心的exciteexciting令人激动的;令人兴奋的类型一类型二v.+-iv

87、e转换为形容词impressimpressive给人深刻印象的instructinstructive有教育意义的v.+-ful/-less转换为形容词doubtdoubtful怀疑的 forgetforgetful健忘的thankthankful感激的 hopehopeless不抱希望的类型一类型二2.动词转换为名词v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”celebratecelebration庆祝competecompetition比赛pollutepollution污染educateeducation教育possesspossession拥有v.+

88、-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”achieveachievement成就announceannouncement宣布argueargument争论,论据类型一类型二v.+-er/-or转换为名词,表示“人”performperformer表演者settlesettler移民者educateeducator教育家directdirector导演 visitvisitor访问者类型一类型二技法2提示词为名词的词形转换典型例题1.(2022新高考全国卷)The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate(popula

89、tion)and homes of giant pandas,and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.populations解析 考查名词复数。根据前面的separate和空后的and homes可知,此处用名词复数形式。故用populations。类型一类型二2.(2022重庆第一学期考试)When the body ever meets with those same(virus),even at full strength,the antibodies make short work of them

90、.viruses解析 考查名词复数。virus是可数名词,意为“病毒”。根据空前的those可知,此处需要用名词复数,故填 viruses。3.(2022辽宁沈阳市郊联考)Located in Beijings Huairou District,the Jiankou section is one of the most dangerous(part)of the Great Wall,and it is called by mountain hikers the“wild Great Wall”.parts解析 考查名词。根据句中的one of可知,此处应该使用名词的复数形式。类型一类型二4

91、.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their(day)routines.5.(2022苏锡常镇四市教学情况调研一)Since many of the(origin)features of the garden have been preserved,the garden has a high hist

92、orical and artistic value.daily解析 考查形容词。修饰下文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。original解析 考查形容词。空处修饰名词 features,故应用形容词。类型一类型二6.(2022辽宁沈阳教学质量监测一)All(taste)foods do this,but sugar has a particularly strong effect.tasty解析 形容词修饰名词,空处修饰名词 foods,故用形容词形式。7.(2022四川成都诊断性检测)Thanks to a growing network

93、of reserves and community protection actions,pandas are no longer(danger),but the biggest hope for their long-term survival is the Giant Panda National Park which will be open in the coming months.endangered解析 根据语境可知,这里的意思是“大熊猫不再遭受危险”,结合句子结构可知,pandas与空格处要填的词之间为动宾关系,故要把danger转换为动词endanger,而且要用过去分词作表语

94、,因此填endangered。类型一类型二8.(2021浙江1月高考)It is calculated by dividing a(person)weight in kg by their height in metres squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.9.(2021江西赣州高三摸底)Meanwhile,universities managed to meet the(student)study and leisure needs.persons解析 分析句子语境可知,这里指的是一个人的体重,因此用所有

95、格的形式。students解析 分析句子语境可知,这里指的是学生的学习和娱乐需求,要用所有格的形式。类型一类型二解题攻略1.名词的单复数若提示词是可数名词单数,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填原形。若有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数:有数词或these,those,several,few,many,all,both,various,different等词修饰;名词前有one of;谓语动词是复数形式。类型一类型二2.名词转换为形容词提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词时,则需转换为形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀:n.+-able:honorhonorablen.+-al:natur

96、enaturalmusicmusicaln.+-ful:colourcolourfulmeaningmeaningfuln.+-en:woodwoodenn.+-y:wealthwealthy类型一类型二3.名词转换为动词提示词为名词,如果作谓语或非谓语,则需转换为动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀和后缀:加前缀en-:courageencourage鼓励dangerendanger危及;使遭遇危险加后缀-en:strengthstrengthen加强加后缀-ize:apologyapologize道歉4.名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所属关系,应考虑名词的所有格。单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通

97、常在词尾加-s;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,通常在词尾加。类型一类型二技法3提示词为形容词、副词的3种词形转换典型例题1.(2022新高考全国卷)The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas,and _(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.2.(2021新高考全国卷)I told him how(harm)plastic could be to the e

98、nvironment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.eventually解析 考查副词。修饰后面的动词achieve,应该用副词形式,故用eventually。harmful解析 考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语,根据该句中的be可知,空处用形容词形式。类型一类型二3.(2022湖北武汉武昌质量监测)Back in its hometown in northwest China,it has brought good(fortunate)to over 120,000 people.fortune解析 考

99、查名词。形容词修饰名词,根据形容词good可知,空处用名词形式,表示“好运”。4.(2022江苏南京学情调研)Not(surprise),it became popular and has been viewed more than 20 million times.surprisingly解析 考查副词。空后句子结构完整,需要用副词作状语修饰整个句子,故填surprisingly。类型一类型二5.(2022河南省适应性测试)“Our task is to organize the Olympic Games and not to cancel the Olympic Games,”he sa

100、id.But its still(clear)how this will happen,with coronavirus cases increasing around the world.6.(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what(good)than to ride on a piece of history!unclear解析 考查形容词。根据语境可知,这里的意思是

101、“不明朗”,因此要用clear的反义词,故填unclear。better解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据下文的than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。类型一类型二7.(2021新高考全国卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the(hot)the spring!8.(2022江苏南京盐城第二次模拟考试)In 2020 Saudi Arabia limited gatherings to 50 people or(few).hotter解析 考查形容词的比较级

102、。分析句子结构可知,这里是“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,故此处要填hot的比较级hotter。fewer解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据“limited gatherings to 50 people”可知,此处表示“限制在50人或者更少”,故填fewer。类型一类型二9.(2022江苏苏州调研)It is only much(late)that the friends she made during the war discover she is not a man.later解析 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境和句中的much可知,此处需要使用比较级。类型一类型二解题攻略1.形容词、

103、副词的词形转换分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时,应考虑用派生的副词或名词;若空处作定语、表语则应考虑填形容词形式;若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,则应考虑填副词形式;若空处在介词后,应考虑名词作宾语。2.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定句意表示否定时,添加否定前缀(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。类型一类型二3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级题目中有much,far,still,even,rather,a little,a bit,a lot,a great deal,than等标志性词汇时

104、用比较级;设空后有表示范围的标志词in,of,among等时用最高级;设空前有one of the等修饰词时,用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词,但暗含比较级或最高级,也需要用比较级或最高级。类型一类型二技法4提示词为代词的词形转换典型例题1.(2021新高考全国卷)As the song goes,this long and winding road“will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitors memory.It sure do

105、es in(I).mine解析 考查代词。此处是省略句,完整表达是“it sure sticks in mymemory”,my memory应用名词性物主代词mine来代替。类型一类型二2.(2022广东广州调研测试)Connecting these reserves and establishing protected areas between(they)will allow the pandas to travel between the different areas and hopefully crossbreed(杂交)and strengthen the panda popul

106、ation.them解析 考查代词。空处指代本句中的“these reserves”,作between的宾语,故用代词them。类型一类型二3.(2022山东济南模拟考试)All(we)Yuanxiao would be handmade,because it is the only way to maintain the traditional flavor.4.(2022山东潍坊阶段性监测)We can see(we)in these creatures.Humans also speak different languages,enjoy different foods,and pass

107、 down family traditions.our解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰后面的名词yuanxiao,需用形容词性物主代词,故空处需填our。ourselves解析 考查反身代词。该处表示我们能从这些动物身上看到自己的影子,结合主语We可知,空处应用反身代词ourselves。类型一类型二解题攻略当提示词为代词,句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下设空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,应考虑人称代词的主格形式;分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,应考

108、虑形容词性物主代词;分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,应考虑反身代词。类型一类型二有提示词微练习1.(2022广东广州阶段训练)Some buildings contain recycled bricks and tiles from constructions that(build)hundreds of years ago.were built解析 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,build作从句的谓语;结合时间状语hundreds of years ago可知,从句时态为一般过去时;that指代constructions,表复数意义,与b

109、uild之间为被动关系,所以空处需要填were built。类型一类型二2.Humans also speak different languages and have different ideas.But perhaps most(strike),we also rely on each other.3.(2022江苏南京学情调研)She masters not only her art but the technique of holding her breath as her lungs struggle to carry out(they)function.strikingly解析

110、考查副词。分析该句结构可知,空处修饰全句,故用副词形式strikingly。their解析 考查形容词性物主代词。空后的function是名词,其前应用形容词性物主代词修饰,故填their。类型一类型二4.(2022湖南六校联考)Researchers have found that people who unplug their cellphones,TV,etc.over the weekend have(high)satisfaction with life than people who spend their Saturdays sticking to their electroni

111、c equipment.5.(2022福建厦门第二次质量检测)Before working on the deck,Remila was a radar and telephone(operate).higher解析 考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的than可知,此处应该使用形容词的比较级。故填higher。operator解析 考查名词。根据不定冠词a可知,空处用名词的单数形式。故填operator。类型一类型二6.(2022河北石家庄教学质量检测一)The World Robot Conference 2021 opened at Beijing Economic-Technological

112、 Development Area on September 10,2021,(display)more than 500 products from over 110 enterprises in three exhibition areas for industrial robots,service robots,and specialized robots.displaying解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的谓语动词是opened,display在句中作非谓语,与逻辑主语The World Robot Conference2021之间为主谓关系,故填displaying。

113、类型一类型二7.(2022山东济南学情检测)This dates from the Song Dynasty,custom is particularly popular in the vast countryside,where every household will be busy cleaning the whole house and sticking(color)pictures or paper cuttings on their doors,windows,walls and stoves.8.(2022浙江杭州教学质量检测)By November 1,2021,around

114、90 people(play)Wordle but within two months,that number had grown to over 300,000.colorful解析 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词pictures,需要用形容词,所以填colorful。had played解析 考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“By November 1,2021”可知,此处应用过去完成时,又因around 90 people与play之间是主谓关系,故填hadplayed。类型一类型二类型二“无提示词”解题之道语法热点四并列句和复合句高考对连词的考查主要涉及并列句和复合句,是高考语篇填空

115、的重点和难点,也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分,牢记从句规则是解题的关键。类型一类型二第一步如何确定填连词解题攻略首先,如何确定并列连词如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时,填并列连词。其次,如何确定引导词如果空处引导从句,首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。类型一类型二典型例题(2021新高考全国卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure offers

116、a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.分析:第一步:分析句子结构可知,highlights与offers是两个并列谓语。第二步:本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和offers),表示并列关系,因此填。and类型一类型二第二步利用解题规则,判断填哪类连词技法1并列连词关系分析法+句型法当空格前后为两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系等时,空处一般填并列连词and,but,or,so等。类型一类型二典型例题1.(2022新高考全国卷)The GPN

117、P is designed to reflect the guiding principle of“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones,leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.and解析 考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,preserving、protecting 与leav

118、ing为并列关系。故用and。类型一类型二2.(2021全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky did the job.3.(2022湖南六校联考)Some people are so connected that even before brushing their teeth making coffee,they will roll over to check their phones.but解析 考查连词。下文did the job和上文“My bi

119、ke was old and shaky”之间存在转折关系,故用表示转折的连词but连接。or解析 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,句中brushing和making并列,且为选择关系,因此使用or。类型一类型二4.In November,1962,Bob Kearns was driving his car through the streets of Detroit it started to rain lightly.5.(2022吉林长春质量检测)Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning we realized we forgot

120、our map in the room.when解析 考查并列连词。这里是“be doing sth when.”结构,故填when。when解析 考查并列连词。这里是“hardly.when.”结构,意思是“一就”,故填when。类型一类型二解题攻略1.关系分析法分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。表示并列或递进关系的连词有and,both.and.,not only.but(also).等;表示选择关系的连词有or,either.or.,neither.nor.等;表示转折或对比关系的连词有but,while,not.but.等;表示因果关系的连词有so,for等。类型

121、一类型二2.句型法祈使句+and/or+陈述句be doing sth when.正在做某事这时be about to do sth when.正要做某事这时had just done sth when.刚做完某事这时hardly.when.一就类型一类型二技法2定语从句 4步法确定关系词典型例题1.(2022福建福州质量检测)Were now meeting people are sourcing their clothes from agencies such as ours,having been committed to not buying anything new for a ye

122、ar.2.(2022辽宁沈阳教学质量监测一)But there are people and organizations are fighting back against sugar.who/that解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是一个限制性定语从句,先行词为表示人的名词people,关系词在从句中作主语,所以填who/that。that解析 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词people and organizations,在从句中作主语;当有两个先行词,一个指人,一个指物时,定语从句关系词只能用that。类型一类型二3.(2022江苏南京学情调研)B

123、ut the reason why the video,runs for around two minutes and is titled Rhapsody on the Luo River Goddess,created such an impression and has generated such a wave of publicity is that it was shot underwater.which解析 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词the video,在句中作主语,故填which。类型一类型二4.(2022湖北十一校第一次联考)

124、is estimated,the average data traffic per user per month will have reached 600 GB by 2030.5.(2021新高考全国卷)I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic,Id send it an email urging it to cut back.As解析 考查非限制性定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代逗号后面的内容。as is estimated意为“据估计”。首字母大写,故填As。that/whic

125、h解析 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词“a company”,在从句中作主语,故应填that/which。类型一类型二6.(2022浙江杭州第二学期教学质量检测)To start,players enter a real wordletters then turn different colors to provide clues about the word.whose解析 考查定语从句。先行词是a real word,在定语从句中作letters的定语,故填关系代词whose。7.(2022新高考全国卷)The GPNP is intended to prov

126、ide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.that解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,修饰species;从句中缺少主语,且先行词前面有all修饰。故用that。类型一类型二8.(2022山东潍坊阶段性监测)They deal with social situations,_no doubt conflicts occur.9.Mr.

127、Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s,he gave it to his grandson.where解析 考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词social situations进行补充说明;连接词在从句中作地点状语,故用where。when解析 考查定语从句。先行词是1990s,在后面的从句中作时间状语,因此填when。类型一类型二解题攻略第一步:确定是定语从句分析句子结构,设空处无提示词,设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句关系词。第二步:分清限

128、制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。that不能引导非限制性定语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句时可以指代主句的全部或部分内容;as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句首、句中或句末,意为“正如”。类型一类型二第三步:寻找先行词,判断属性(指人还是指物,表示时间、地点,还是原因)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导;先行词指物用that/which/whose引导;表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。第四步:判断从句中所缺成分,确定关系词缺少主语用that/which/who引导;缺少动词的宾语用that/which/w

129、ho/whom引导;缺少介词的宾语用whom/which引导;缺少定语用whose引导;缺少时间、地点或原因状语时,分别用when,where,why引导。类型一类型二技法3名词性从句搞定名词性从句5方向设空处无提示词,先确定主句主谓结构,再确定设空处和空后的内容在主句中充当的成分(主语、宾语、表语、同位语)。典型例题1.The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88,there i

130、s evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.that解析 考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。类型一类型二2.(2022江苏南充适应性测试)But there is some debate over it was NOLA or Mobile,Alabama that had the first Mardi Gras back in the 1

131、700s.3.(2022江西重点中学联考)She asked me I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.whether解析 考查宾语从句。这里是whether.or.结构,引导的从句作介词over的宾语。whether/if解析 考查宾语从句。本句意为“她问我是否已经把书还给了图书馆”,故用whether/if引导宾语从句。类型一类型二4.(2021新高考全国卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song“The

132、 Long and Winding Road”.is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.5.(2022广东广州阶段训练)Is this we want our cities to be?Must our cities give up their individual identities to become modern?What解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,从句缺少主语,故填What。what解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是表语从句,结合句意“这就

133、是我们想要的城市面貌吗?”可知,空处需要填what。类型一类型二6.The lecture focused on physics,aiming to illustrate the weightless environment affects buoyancy(浮力)and the movement of objects.7.(2022浙江杭州教学质量检测)It is very simple and that may be _it spreads so quickly.how解析 考查宾语从句连接词。此处表示该课的目的是说明失重环境如何影响浮力和物体的运动。故填how。why解析 考查名词性从句

134、。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中不缺少成分且空处表示原因,故填why。类型一类型二8.(2022河南开封模拟)Our work is ongoing and it is likely this figure will rise further.9.(2022东北三校联考)It is warned the pandemic could create a“lost”generation who will be affected by the illnesses.that解析 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是“It be+形容词+that从句”句型,it是形式主语,tha

135、t引导的从句是真正的主语。that解析 考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处是“It be+过去分词+that从句”句型,it是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。类型一类型二解题攻略方向一:从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整分析句子结构,从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整,应考虑that引导的同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句,此时that没有词义,也不作任何成分。方向二:从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整分析句子结构,从句中不缺任何成分,但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时,则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句,if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。方向三:从句中缺少主/宾/表语分析句子结构,从句中缺少

136、主语、宾语、表语,考虑用连接代词what,who,whom,which,whatever等。类型一类型二方向四:从句中缺少状语分析句子结构,从句中缺少状语(结合句意判断),考虑用连接副词where(表示地点),when(表示时间),how(表示方式),why(表示原因)等。方向五:it句型It be+形容词+that从句It be+过去分词+that从句It be+名词词组(a pity,a surprise,good news)+that从句类型一类型二技法4状语从句句意法+固定句式法典型例题1.(2022山东济南模拟考试)I feel Im missing something I dont

137、 eat yuanxiao during the Lantern Festival.2.(2022湖南六校联考)technology has certainly fostered(促进)more rapid and instant communication,the consequence from this has the potential to be catastrophic over the next several generations.if解析 考查连词。结合句意“如果元宵节期间不吃元宵,我会感觉我错过了什么”可知,空后表示“如果”,故应填if。While/Although/Th

138、ough解析 考查连词。由该句中的“more rapid and instant communication”及“hasthe potential to be catastrophic”可判断,前后部分之间是让步关系。类型一类型二3.(2022苏锡常镇四市教学情况调研一)Without complex decoration,it combines buildings with scenery so well the whole garden appears to be endowed with natural beauty.4.(2022河南省适应性练习)or not you agree,th

139、e saying does reflect its vital role in the citys evolution(演变).that解析 考查固定结构。此处考查so.that.结构,意为“如此以至于”。Whether解析 考查连词。根据语境可知,此处意为“不管你是否同意”,是whether ornot结构,因此填Whether。类型一类型二解题攻略1.句意法确定状语从句引导词while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句before/after引导时间状语从句if/unless/once引导条件状语从句though/although/while引导让步状语从句where引导地点状语

140、从句whether.or.引导让步状语从句类型一类型二2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词so/such.that.如此以至于not.until.直到才It will/wont be+一段时间+before.没过多长时间就/过了多长时间才It is+some time(一段时间)+since.自从以来已经whether.or not.无论还是类型一类型二语法热点五冠词、代词和介词一、冠词高考语篇填空对冠词的考查主要是冠词的基本用法和固定搭配。解答冠词类题目时,空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指含义时,要考虑填不定冠词a/an;有序数词、最高级或表示特指或特指意义的比较级等形式时,要考虑填定冠词th

141、e;空处前后的词与冠词构成的固定搭配要牢记。类型一类型二典型例题1.(2021新高考全国卷)While youre in China,Mount Huangshan is must to visit!2.(2022河北石家庄教学质量检测二)Kunqu Opera is acknowledged as elegant opera.a解析 考查冠词。must在这里是名词,意为“必须要做的事”,表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。an解析 考查冠词。此处泛指一种高雅的歌剧,空后的elegant以元音音素开头,所以空处填an。类型一类型二3.(2022重庆第二次学业质量调研抽测)It is now common

142、 topic of discussion and has even found its way into the books we read.a解析 考查冠词。结合句意可知,此处表示“它现在是一个普遍的讨论话题”,空处表泛指,且空后的common以辅音音素开头,所以空处填a。4.(2022新高考全国卷)Covering an area about three times size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.the解析 考查冠词。此处为倍

143、数表达形式之一,当倍数后面出现名词时,名词前面用定冠词修饰。故用the。类型一类型二5.(2022山东济南学情检测)Human figures often show artistic exaggeration(夸张),but message in all pictures is always good luck,happiness or other nice things regarding the wish of the people.6.(2022重庆第一学期考试)Back in late 1700s,long before people understood the reason beh

144、ind immunity,farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids(乳牛场女工)and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox seldom caught its fearsome cousin,smallpox.the解析 考查冠词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,空处需用冠词修饰空后的message,且此处message特指所有的年画中传达的信息,因此空处填定冠词the。the解析 考查冠词。年代前需要用定冠词,故填the。类型一类型二7

145、.(2021全国甲卷)It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xian City Wall.the解析 考查冠词。短语all the way表示“一直;完全地”,故用定冠词the限定名词way。8.(2022福建福州质量检测)If you really cant fix something,you can always repurpose it.By the way,its all matter of taste.a解析 考查冠词。此处为固定表达a matter of.意为“的问题”,所以填a。类型一类型二9.(2022广东广州综合测

146、试一)Lexie had the pleasure of meeting _variety of people and experiencing different cultures.10.(2022重庆第一次质量调研抽测)Secondly,the allocation of resources should be reformed,and the compulsory education should be allocated as whole.a解析 考查冠词。a variety of是固定短语,意为“种种;各种”。故填a。a解析 考查冠词。as a whole为固定短语,意为“总的来说”

147、。故填a。类型一类型二解题攻略1.不定冠词a/an分析句子结构,发现空格后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑用不定冠词a/an。用不定冠词a/an的常考点:泛指一类人或物,表示概念“一”;在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。类型一类型二2.定冠词the分析句子结构,发现空格后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑用定冠词the。用定冠词the的常考点:特指某人或某事;用在序数词或最高级前或有only,very,same等修饰的名词前;用在世界上独一无二的东西及某些专有名词前;用在乐器名词前;用在“逢十”的年代前,表示“在几世纪几十年代”;某些固定句式中。类型一类型二3.固定搭配中的冠词固定搭配或抽

148、象名词具体化的名词前用冠词。含定冠词的固定搭配有:at the same time,on the contrary,to tell the truth,all the way,make the most/best of,on the spot等。含不定冠词的固定搭配有:catch a cold,have a fever,all of a sudden,as a matter of fact,as a result,have a gift for,make a living,give sb a lift,have a good knowledge of等。动词(catch/take/hit等)+

149、sb+介词+the+身体部位。类型一类型二二、代词高考对代词的考查主要集中在代词的基本用法上,因此这类试题一般较为简单。填空题侧重对it用法的考查,也可能考查人称代词和替代词。解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数,仔细阅读上下文,根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分,确定代词的格。类型一类型二典型例题1.(2022重庆第一次质量调研抽测)The investment in urban schools is much more than in rural schools.2.(2022山东潍坊区县联考)However,the railway quickly proved to be a gre

150、at success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using _every day.that解析 考查替代词。此处that用于指代与前边提到的事物同类的另一事物。此处指代the investment。it解析 考查代词。根据语境可知,此处填it,指代上文的the railway。类型一类型二3.(2022湖南联考)Shi Yan,chief of the Liaoning University of TCM,says he supports international students to participate in

151、 such activities,which will helpcombine knowledge together with culture.them解析 考查代词。根据语境可知,此处填人称代词them,指代上文的international students。由于在句子中作宾语,因此要用宾格。4.(2022福建福州质量抽测)When I studied English literature at university,I thought best to build my own library.it解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,it作形式宾语,不定式to build是真正的宾语,故填it

152、。类型一类型二5.(2022江苏苏州调研)Though women were no longer prohibited by the time when Mulan Joins the Army was first performed,was still common for men to perform female roles.6.(2022福建福州诊断性联考)It is this community spirit makes Chinese New Year what it is.it解析 考查代词。根据句中的“to perform female roles”可知,此处考查it作形式主语

153、的用法,“to perform female roles”为真正的主语。that解析 考查强调句型。此处考查强调句型“It is.that/who.”,被强调部分为表示物的名词短语“this community spirit”,所以空处应填 that。类型一类型二7.(2022江苏南京六校联合体调研)Three Chinese astronauts will stay in orbit for six months,making Chinas longest crewed mission for space station construction.it解析 考查代词。分析该句结构可知,空处指

154、代上文“Three Chineseastronauts will stay in orbit for six months”的内容,作making的宾语,故用it。类型一类型二解题攻略1.句意清,指代明无提示词类填空,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,一般要填代词,主要包括不定代词和it。如果空格上文出现了单数名词,并且空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he,she或it;如果空格上文出现了单数名词,并且空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him,her或it;如果空格上文出现了复数名词,并且空处作主语,用they;如果空格上文出现了复数名词,并且空处作宾语,用them。类型一类型二2.it的用法指代天气、时间、

155、距离等;代替上文提到过的事物;it可作形式主语或形式宾语;it常用的固定句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.It+be+形容词+of/for sb to do sth.It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.sb hates/likes/enjoys it that.when it comes to.as sb puts it.make it.类型一类型二三、介词高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配的用法上。语篇填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即没有提示词,这给考生对介词相关知识的掌握

156、和正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。因此,考生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时,注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意义和用法。类型一类型二典型例题1.(2022浙江杭州第二学期教学质量检测)Players get six chances to guess a five-letter word that has been chosen by the game that day.2.(2022苏锡常镇四市教学情况调)The classical gardens of Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,date back to the 6th century when the

157、city was founded the capital of the Wu Kingdom.for解析 考查介词。该句意为“玩家有六次机会猜出当天为游戏选择的五个字母的单词”。此处表示对象,意为“给,对,供”,故填for。as解析 考查介词。根据句意可知,该处指“作为吴国的都城”。类型一类型二3.(2021全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).4.(2022广东广州调研测试)Giant Panda National P

158、ark(GPNP)is one the list.in解析 考查介词。根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。on解析 考查介词。根据语境可知,该处指大熊猫国家公园在这个名单上。on表示“在上”,故用介词on。类型一类型二5.(2022江苏南通第一次调研)Then we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp road from Lhasa.6.(2022山东潍坊核心素养测评)If there were Grammy Awards for animals,the indri,a critically endangered speci

159、es of animal in Madagascar,definitely could be the winnerjust because they are the few existent animals _musical rhythm.by解析 考查介词。根据空后的“road”可知,该处指通过走公路的方式从拉萨到珠穆朗玛峰宿营地。by表示“通过的方式”。with解析 考查介词。结合破折号后面的句意“仅仅因为它们是现存为数不多有音乐节奏的动物”可知,此处应该填介词with,表示“有;具有;带有”。类型一类型二7.(2022河北石家庄教学质量检测二)Carrying forward the t

160、radition of ancient poetry and common speech,the art is also very high literary value.8.(2022河南开封二模)In 2016,researchers set up 10 of these water stations on the ground and up in the trees on a large piece of land a sizable population of koalas.of解析 考查介词。此处考查固定表达“be of+n.”,相当于“be+adj.”,所以空处填of。with解析

161、 考查介词。结合语境“在有相当数量的考拉的大片土地上”可知,这里要填的词意思是“有;具有;带有”,因此填with。类型一类型二9.(2022新高考全国卷)Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.10.(2022河北石家庄质量检测一)Given what we know about colors and their many symbo

162、lic meanings,it seems like itd be safe to assume that each color featured in the Olympic rings would stand something specific,like a continent.as解析 考查介词。serve as是动词短语,意为“担任”。故用as。for解析 考查介词。此处考查固定表达stand for,意为“代表”,所以填for。类型一类型二11.(2022河北保定第一次模拟考试)In addition,dieticians and nutritionists in this set

163、ting come up plans to help patients to improve their diets and appetite,like cancer patients receiving chemical treatments.with解析 考查介词。come up with意为“想到,想出”,为固定搭配。12.(2022河北石家庄教学质量检测一)The robots have already been _service in a community of Beijings Chaoyang District.in解析 考查介词。此处考查固定表达be in service,意

164、为“在使用中”,故填in。类型一类型二13.(2022山东济南十一校联考)The event was also open the public through a livestream.to解析 考查介词。be open to sb是固定搭配,意为“对某人开放”,故填to。类型一类型二解题攻略1.明句意,辨成分(1)“介词+名词/动名词”模式:名词或动名词不作主语、表语,也不作动词的宾语,此时要考虑填介词;(2)“谓语动词+介词”模式;(3)“形容词+介词+名词”模式:要考虑形容词与介词的搭配。类型一类型二2.介词多义看语境(1)表示时间的in,on,atin表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年

165、代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等;on表示在具体的日期或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上等;at表示某个时间点、时刻等。(2)表示方位的through和acrossthrough表示“从的内部穿过”;across表示“从表面穿过”。类型一类型二(3)表示交通方式的by和on/inby后可直接跟涉及交通工具的单数名词,名词前不加冠词;on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。(4)表示“用”的by,in,withby指“靠手段,用方法,凭借”,后可接名词、代词或动名词;in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前;with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前;有时候表示“具有;带有”

166、(5)表示所属关系的of“of+名词”相当于该名词对应的形容词。类型一类型二3.依据句式和搭配填介词(1)与动词搭配remind sb of sth提醒某人某事rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物date back to/date from追溯至exchange.for.用交换come about发生 run out of用完account for说明的原因stand for代表类型一类型二(2)与名词搭配by accident偶然in trouble陷入困境,陷入麻烦in spite of尽管,虽然in turn依次,转而in return作为报答at risk处于危险中;有风险on bo

167、ard乘(飞机、船)on average平均起来类型一类型二(3)与形容词搭配be curious about对感到好奇be proud of因而自豪be rich in在方面丰富类型一类型二无提示词微练习1.(2022广东七校联合体第二次联考)In the name“Shuey Rhon Rhon”,“Shuey”is Chinese word for“snow”and“Rhon Rhon”has the double meaning of tolerance and integration(融合).2.(2022湖北十一校第一次联考)Fortunately,has been confirm

168、ed is that Huawei has offered a comprehensive range of products and measures that address the power consumption issues of wireless networks.the解析 考查冠词。结合句意可知,此处表示特指,所以空处需要填the。what解析 考查连接词。空处引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,故用what引导该从句。类型一类型二3.(2022浙江金丽衢十二校第一次联考)He was all-round scholar of astronomy,physics,chemistry

169、,geology and medical science.an解析 考查冠词。scholar是单数可数名词,且在语境中第一次出现,表示泛指,故应用不定冠词修饰,又因all以元音音素开头,所以空处填an。4.(2022湖北武汉武昌质量检测)The fruit was recorded in Chinas ancient medical book,Compendium of Materia Medical during the Ming Dynasty(13681644),it was cultivated(种植)in fields and gardens as early as the Tang

170、 Dynasty(618907).while/but解析 考查并列连词。空处上文说,中国古代医书本草纲目记载了这种水果。空处下文说,早在唐朝就开始在田间和花园中种植该水果。据此可知,空处前后为转折关系,故填while或but。类型一类型二5.(2022江苏南京盐城第一次模拟考试)Besides clean water and refreshing air,the village impresses many by its stone streets,ancient style farmhouses and various sports venues people can go hiking,p

171、lay baseball and go fishing.6.(2022湖南长沙新高考适应性考试)According a new survey,painting your bedroom with a color thats too bright or even too dark influences your sleep.where解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为sports venues,该空在从句中作地点状语,故应用关系副词where。to解析 考查介词。according to为固定短语,意为“根据”,故填to。类型一类型二7.(2022福建福州质量检测)

172、No matter my mother-in-law may say,I happen to like my silver bracelet made out of an old fork very much.8.(2022山东济南十一校联考)Wang Yaping,the only woman _was aboard the station,served as the main instructor,while Ye Guangfu assisted and the commander-in-chief Zhai Zhigang worked the camera.what解析 考查让步状语

173、从句。分析句子结构可知,此处考查让步状语从句,结合句意可知,空处表示“什么”,故填what。that/who解析 考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知,此处是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词指人,故应用that/who引导定语从句。类型一类型二9.(2022辽宁重点高中一模试题)Interestingly,the calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his Lantingji Xu about literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups lef

174、t floating and people went out to hold ceremonies and appreciate flowers along winding streams.how解析 考查宾语从句连接词。此处表达文人如何作诗,故应用how引导宾语从句。类型一类型二课堂应用精练最新模拟题(2022广东广州综合检测一)Out of the 20 little things youve always wondered about,one 1.(probable)has to do with the small2.(five)pocket on your jeans.By now,y

175、ou might have given up on trying to use it since its too small to fit anything you actually need.But why is it there in the first place?Well,today,it doesnt really serve 3._purpose,but it used to in the late 1800s.类型一类型二In reality,the small pocket is called a watch pocket because it was in origin in

176、tended 4.a safe place for men to store their pocket 5._(watch).It dates back to Levis first ever pair of jeans,6.(hit)the market in 1879.The Levi Strauss blog also pointed out that originally,there were only four pockets on a pair of blue jeans,the watch pocket 7.(include).“The first blue jeans had

177、four pocketsonly one in the back and,in the front,two plus the small,watch pocket,”the blog stated.类型一类型二So next time you find 8.(you)standing casually with your thumb hooked in that small pocket,know that it originally 9.(use)to store a pocket watch.And now that weve got to know the tiny jean pocke

178、t,find out 10.blue is the most common color.类型一类型二【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了牛仔裤上第五只小口袋的由来。1.probably解析 考查副词。分析句子可知,空处为副词作状语,修饰has to dowith,probable的副词形式为probably。2.fifth解析 考查数词。根据句意及上下文可知,此处指“第五个口袋”,应为序数词,故填fifth。3.a/any解析 考查冠词/不定代词。分析句子结构可知,句子为否定句,表示“没有任何用途”,可以用冠词a(purpose以辅音音素开头)或不定代词any。类型一类型二4.as解析

179、 考查介词。表示“目的是作为”为固定短语be intended as。故填as。5.watches解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,watch此处为名词,意为“手表”,根据前面的their可知应该用复数。故填watches。6.hitting解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子不缺谓语动词,且和空处无and连接,所以空处为非谓语,hit在此作动词,意为“产品上市并产生影响”,和逻辑主语jeans之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填hitting。类型一类型二7.included解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子不缺谓语,且和空处无and连接,所以空处为非谓语,和其逻辑主

180、语the watch pocket之间为动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填included。8.yourself解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,句子的主语和宾语指的是同一个人,所以要用对应的反身代词作宾语,故填yourself。9.was used解析 考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处为句子谓语,且和主语it之间为动宾关系,所以用被动语态,且动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。故填was used。类型一类型二10.why解析 考查宾语从句。分析可知,空处引导宾语从句,作find out的宾语,表示原因,所以用why引导。类型一类型二挑战外刊原创题An architectu

181、ral designer in southern Finland has returned to a frozen lake with a snow shovel to draw a large animal on the ice for the sixth year in a row 11.(create)a short-lived artwork that he hopes will“make people happy and encourage them to go out to hike in beautiful nature.”On Dec.4,Pasi Widgren 12.(dr

182、aw)a fox that measures about 90 meters(295.3 feet)from edge to edge on Lake Pitkajarvi,north of Helsinki.In previous years,he used a shovel to sketch a bear and an owl,always using 13.same lake as his canvas.类型一类型二Widgren has drawn animals on local lakes every winter since 2016 near his home in a vi

183、llage not far from Lahti,a town of 120,000.The 14._(drawing)disappear when more snow falls 15.when the ice melts.“The idea for ephemeral art came 16.(sudden)a couple of years ago when I realized I may have a special 17.(able)of coordination to do these kinds of things 18.(I),”the 40-year-old said in

184、 an email to The Associated Press.The fox was less visible 19.Monday because it snowed a little,Widgren said.“Its very important to me also that 20.(make)this kind of art doesnt leave any marks on nature,”he said.类型一类型二【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。芬兰南部的一个建筑设计师连续六年用雪铲在冰冻的湖面上画出一个大型动物。他希望通过创造一个短暂的艺术品让人们感到快乐和鼓励他们去徒步旅

185、行。11.to create解析 考查非谓语动词。这里要用不定式作目的状语,因此用to create。12.drew解析 考查动词时态语态。根据时间状语“on Dec.4”可知,此处要用一般过去时,draw的过去式是drew。类型一类型二13.the解析 考查冠词。此处是the same.结构,因此填定冠词the。14.drawings解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,要填的词作主语,谓语动词是disappear,因此这里是名词的复数形式,因此填drawings。15.or解析 考查并列连词。此句意为“当更多的雪落下的时候或者当冰融化了的时候,画就会消失”,因此用并列连词or,表示选择。16.

186、suddenly解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,这里要用副词修饰动词came,因此填suddenly。类型一类型二17.ability解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,special修饰名词,故填able的名词形式ability。18.myself解析 考查代词。句子的主语是I,此处意为“可以自己做这类事情”,故填I的反身代词myself。19.by解析 考查介词。根据语境可知,这里的意思是“到周一为止”,因此填介词by。类型一类型二20.making解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,这里要用动名词短语作主语,意思是“制作这种艺术不会给大自然留下任何痕迹”,因此填making。

187、真题实战经典对练拿高分NO.3 Group 1A(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xian,as a first step 1.(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,2.lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities an

188、d counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3.(hold)in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬)to the ancient Silk Road.4.friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.Cao and Wu also collected garbag

189、e along the road,in order to promote environmental 5.(protect).Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6.(meaning).The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.In the last five years,Cao 7.(walk)through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he

190、 reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africas 8._(high)mountain.Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 9.Xian to Kashgar on Sept.20,10.(plan)to hike back to Xian in five months.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是失明男子曹晟康徒步旅行并沿途做环保的经历。1.to journey解析

191、 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作定语修饰名词step,所以用动词不定式,故填to journey。2.who解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,所以填who。3.held解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hold和the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式作定语。4.A解析 考查冠词。根据空格后的“friend of his”可知,此处指“他的一个朋

192、友”,所以用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头且空格位于句首,首字母大写,故填A。5.protection解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作宾语,所以用名词形式,故填protection。6.meaningful解析 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,此处用形容词作宾语补足语,故填meaningful。7.has walked解析 考查时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知,句子要用现在完成时,故填has walked。8.highest解析 考查形容词最高级。根据“Africas”可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非

193、洲最高的山,所以填highest。9.from解析 考查介词。表示“从到”要用from.to.。10.planning解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。plan与主语He为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。B(2022全国乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially 1.the United Nations on November 27th,2019.To celebrate 2.festival,a number

194、of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 3.(address)the opening ceremony.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the 4.(large)tea-producing country,China has a 5.(responsible)t

195、o work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.It can help to build a community with a 6.(share)future for mankind,”he said.The“First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative”issued(发布)at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to co

196、me together to promote international cooperation 7.cultural exchanges.A four-year tea promotionTea Road Cooperative Planwas also issued in accordance with the initiative.8.(strengthen)the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,9._(in

197、vite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony,opening 10.(it)first exhibition:The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国确定的首

198、届“国际茶日”的相关内容及北京华商博物馆为此所举办的一系列活动。1.by解析 考查介词。此处be named by表示“由命名”。根据前面的被动语态was named可知,此处填介词by表被动。2.the解析 考查冠词。此处的festival特指上文提到的首届“国际茶日”,故用定冠词the。3.addressed解析 考查谓语动词。根据上文提到的May 21st可知,首届“国际茶日”已经举办,故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。4.largest解析 考查形容词最高级。结合句意可知,此处表示“作为茶的发源地和最大的茶叶生产国”,同时空前的定冠词the亦能表明需要用最高级,故填large

199、st。5.responsibility解析 考查名词。根据空前的冠词a可知,空格处需要用名词形式。have aresponsibility to do sth表示“有责任做某事”。6.shared解析 考查非谓语动词。此处需要用过去分词作定语,修饰future,表示“人类命运共同体”。7.and解析 考查连词。空前的international cooperation与空后的culturalexchanges为相同的名词短语成分,故需要用连词连接,由于前后表示并列关系,故用and。此处表示“促进国际合作和文化交流”。8.To strengthen解析 考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处需用不定式

200、表目的,故填Tostrengthen。9.inviting解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中the event为主语,included为谓语动词,故invite需用非谓语动词形式,由于其与逻辑主语构成主动关系,故用现在分词inviting。10.its解析 考查代词。空后是名词短语first exhibition,故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰。Group 2A(2021浙江卷)It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac,but Lincolns home in downtown Spring

201、field,Illinois,1._(prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance,the house was Abraham and Mary Lincolns home for 17 years.In 1844 they bought it 2.$1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their 3.(marry)ceremony in 1842.Wh

202、en the house was built,it was much 4.(small)than it is today.Marys niece wrote,“The little home 5.(paint)white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.She was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection of 6.(she),everything in good taste and in perfect order.”Although Mary loved flowers,7.she nor

203、her husband was known as a gardener.A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year.Marys sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over 8.(plant)flowers in the front yard.9.Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growi

204、ng family.Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and 10.(sell)most of their furniture.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁历史。1.has proved/has proven解析 分析句子成分可知,空格处作谓语,Lincolns home作主语;结合句意及空格后的时间状语从句since

205、it opened to the public可知,此处用现在完成时;主语Lincolns home是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/has proven。2.for解析 句意:在1844年,他们以1,200美元的价格从查尔斯德雷泽手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯德雷泽在1842年举办了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth for+价格,意为“以价格买某物”。故填for。3.marriage解析 此处表示婚礼,应用marry的名词形式。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”

206、。4.smaller解析 根据空格前的much和空格后的than可知,此处应用形容词的比较级,small的比较级形式为smaller。5.was painted解析 分析句子成分可知,设空处在句中作谓语,home与paint之间是动宾关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时;主语The little home是第三人称单数,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。6.herself解析 句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,应用反身代词herse

207、lf。7.neither解析 句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查neither.nor.,意为“既不也不”。故填neither。8.to plant解析 分析句子成分可知,空格处在句中作目的状语,应用动词不定式toplant。9.The解析 根据空格后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩或者一家人。空格处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。10.sold解析 分析句子成分可知,空格处和前面的动词rented一起作并列谓语;根据时间状语in 1861可知,此处用一般过去时,提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。B(2021

208、全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 1.(educate)about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provides money for conservati

209、on and benefits the 2.(develop)of the local areas.Ecotourism has 3.(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 4.the late 1980s.During that time,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.Due to 5.growing popularity of environmenta

210、lly-related and adventure travel,various types 6.trips are now being classified as ecotourism.Actually,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:Minimize the impact of 7.(visit)the place.Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.Provide 8.(finance)ai

211、d and other benefits for local peoples.Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park,officially recognized in 1980,is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.9.(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足

212、)and accommodations aim 10.(have)a low impact on the natural environment.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生态旅游和传统旅游的区别以及生态旅游需要遵循的原则。1.educated解析 分析句子成分可知,所填的词作表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。2.development解析 根据空格前面的定冠词the可知,所填的词是名词形式,故用development。3.its解析 分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰名词origin作定语,故用形容词性物主代词。4.un

213、til解析 分析句子成分并结合前面的not可知,本句是not.until.结构。5.the解析 所填的词位于名词的前面,且名词后有of短语作定语,因此该名词是特指,故用定冠词。6.of解析 此处为短语various types of.,表示“各种各样的”。7.visiting解析 所给的词是动词且位于介词后,故用动词-ing形式。8.financial解析 所填的词作定语,修饰名词aid,故用financial。9.Activities解析 所给单词是名词,且句子的谓语动词为range,因此该名词要用复数形式。10.to have解析 aim to do sth意为“旨在做某事”,故填to h

214、ave。Group 3A(2021浙江1月卷)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数)across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 1.that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2.gives an indicatio

215、n of whether someone is a healthy weight.It is calculated by dividing a 3.(person)weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4.(consider)healthy.The study found that between 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased 5.2.1 in women and men.In cities,however,the gain

216、 6._(be)1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described“striking changes”in the geography of BMI.In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7.(study)had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.But 30 years later,the BMI difference between urban and rural peo

217、ple in many countries had narrowed 8.(sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9.(live)in the countryside,including 10.(low)levels of income and education,higher costs of healthy foods,and fewer sports facilities.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是如今世界各地的人体重普遍超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。1

218、.and解析 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,“that people.due to gains in BMI inrural areas”都是动词found的宾语从句,空格前后是并列关系,故填and。2.that/which解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,tool是先行词,且在定语从句中作主语,故填that/which。3.persons解析 考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知,此处person是修饰weight的,表示“一个人的体重”,要用 person的名词所有格persons作定语。故填persons。4.is considered解析 考查动词的时态、语态。BMI在19到25之间被认

219、为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是被动关系,故填is considered。5.by解析 考查介词。increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据之前提到的BMI数值19到25可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。6.was解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语gain是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。7.studied解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以

220、study要用非谓语形式,作后置定语,与men and women为被动关系,故填studied。8.sharply解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰动词narrowed,要用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。9.living解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live要用非谓语形式,作后置定语,表示“生活在农村的人”,要用动词-ing形式。故填living。10.lower解析 考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式

221、,故填lower。B(2020新高考全国卷)Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the 18th and 19th centuries,1.(wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.They kept their collection at home until it got too big 2.until they died,and then

222、 it was given to a museum.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,3.(form)the core collection of the British Museum4.opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public 5.(call)galleries or rooms.Often,only a small part of a museums collection 6.(be)on display.Most of it is s

223、tored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟)and imagine 7.(they)living at a different time in history or 8._(walk)through a rainforest.At the Jorvik Centre in York,the

224、citys Viking settlement is recreated,and people experience the sights,sounds and smells of the old town.Historical 9.(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete 10.peoples spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special a

225、ctivities for children.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆的由来、经营与生存之道。1.wealthy解析 空格处作定语,修饰后面的名词people,因此应用形容词,故填wealthy。2.or解析 此处表示收藏家将收藏品放在家中,直到收藏品足够丰富或者他们死后,收藏品会被捐赠给博物馆。因此填并列连词or,表示选择。3.formed解析 分析句子成分可知,The 80,000 objects为句子的主语,再根据后面的时间状语判断,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。4.which/that解析 分析句子成分可知,空格处引导定语从句,且在定语从句中作主语。故填

226、which/that。5.are called解析 此处陈述一般事实,主语与动词call之间构成动宾关系,故用被动语态。6.is解析 根据后一句“Most of it is stored away or used for research.”可知,此处用be动词的第三人称单数形式is。7.themselves解析 此处表示来访者可以同电脑模拟互动,并想象他们自己生活在历史的不同时期由此判断应使用反身代词。8.walking解析 由并列连词or判断,后面部分应与living at a different time in history形式一致,故填walking。9.accuracy解析 根据空

227、格前的Historical可知,此处应使用名词。故填accuracy。10.for解析 句意:博物馆必须与其他娱乐方式为人们的业余时间和金钱而竞争。compete for.“为而竞争”。故填for。Group 4A(2020新高考全国卷)These days,it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 1.(begin)computer classes.At the same time,computer games are becom

228、ing increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 2.(education)computer programs for children in preschool.Also,technological know-how has become a 3.(require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world,as the computer has become a common tool in most 4._(profession).The Dig

229、ital World is a set of volumes 5.aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.Each volume in the set explores 6.wide range of materials,explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital sys

230、tems,7.discusses the influences they have on everyday life.Because the number of possible topics 8._(be)practically limitless,we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology.Readers 9.(encourage)to continue exploring the d

231、igital world with the guidance of 10.(we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。近年来电脑教育越来越低龄化,数码世界旨在展现数码系统对社会的影响,帮助读者了解数码系统的本质和它们之间相互影响的部分。1.to begin解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查“it is+形容词+for sbto do sth”,所以空处应该填to begin。2.educational解析 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处修饰空后的名词短语computer progr

232、ams,需要用形容词,所以空处应该填educational。3.requirement解析 考查词形转换。根据空前的a和空后的for可知,空处需要一个名词,所以填requirement。4.professions解析 考查名词复数。profession表示“行业,职业”,是一个可数名词,根据空前的most可知,空处需要用名词复数,所以应该填professions。5.that/which解析 考查关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为表示物的名词短语a set of volumes,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以关系词用that/which。6.a解析 考查冠词。a wide ra

233、nge of为固定表达,意为“广泛的,大范围的”,所以空处填a。7.and解析 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词explores,explains和discusses是并列的,所以空处应该填并列连词and。8.is解析 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处时态应该为一般现在时;短语the number of作主语时,谓语动词应该用单数,所以空处填is。9.are encouraged解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据整篇文章的时态可知,本句需要用一般现在时;再根据句意“读者被鼓励去继续探索数字世界”可知,用被动语态;主语Readers为复数

234、,所以填are encouraged。10.our解析 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的名词短语FurtherResources section,需要用形容词性物主代词,所以填our。B(2020全国卷)China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess1.(touch)down last we

235、ek in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moons far side is 2._(extreme)challenging.Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3.it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of

236、 the moon is of particular 4.(interesting)toscientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 5._the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 6.(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a

237、scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 7.(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8.(construct).”Data about the moons composition,such as how 9.ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 10.(it)plans for a future lunar(月球的)base are practical.

238、【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“嫦娥四号”无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆,彰显了中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。1.touched解析 考查动词时态。分析句子成分可知,主语为The unmanned Change-4probe,空格处为谓语动词。根据空格后的last week可知,此处应用一般过去时。2.extremely解析 考查副词。空格处修饰形容词challenging,应用副词。故填extremely。3.where解析 考查定语从句关系词。分析句子成分可知,空格处引导定语从句。先行词是一个表示地点的名词spot,并且引导词在从句中充当地点状语,故用关系

239、副词where。4.interest解析 考查名词。根据空格前的is of particular以及空格后的to可知,此处为固定搭配be of interest to sb意为“使某人感兴趣”。5.than解析 考查介词。空格处与前面的more构成比较结构。故填than。6.to find解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语作目的状语。7.means解析 考查动词时态。根据上文的时态可知,此处应用一般现在时,主语为it,故用mean的第三人称单数形式。8.is constructed解析 考查动词时态和语态。分析句子成分可知,moon与动词construct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。9.much解析 考查形容词。空格后面的ice是不可数名词,故用much修饰。10.its解析 考查代词。根据空格后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词。故填its。