2022版高考英语一轮复习 练案22 必修4 Module 4 Great Scientists练习（含解析）外研版.doc

1、必修四Module 4Great Scientists.完形填空(2021赣州市十四县市联考)I am a social worker.I wanted to tell everyone about my very dear friend who passed away a few months ago.I met him many years ago while doing my internship (实习期) in the country prison.He was 1.C a program he had designed to help prisoners with drug and

2、 alcohol problems.He was always 2.B new ways to bring hope and help to these men and their 3.B .One of his favorite 4.A was the Toy Drive.He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.He did this for twenty years 5.D his sudden death.As last Christmas 6.C ， I decided that this tradi

3、tion had to be 7.C ， for the children as well as the 8.D of my friend.But the file where he kept the names of the people who had been helped by him over the years was 9.D .I had to start a new (重新) and with very little 10.A ! I started making phone calls, explaining about the project and my 11.A .I

4、prayed every night that the event would, 12.C ， be worthy of my friend.To my great 13.C ， individuals, churches and businesses began to come on board and, 14.A ， I had enough toys to give to all the children of the prisoners with some left over for the local community 15.B ！When Christmas Eve finall

5、y arrived, I felt very happy, thinking I had done all I could do and reflecting on what a(n) 16.A it had been for me.I was bagging up the remaining toys 17.B if there was anyone left who might like them.Then my phone rang.It was my daughter.She 18.D to explain about a woman she knew in Kentucky who

6、had five children, one seriously ill, no husband, no heating in the home, no toys! Oh! What could we do?My daughter and I drove all night, from New York to Kentucky, and those children woke up in a nice warm house with plenty of 19.C ！My friends 20.A of kindness lived on that year, reaching the way

7、to Kentucky!文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者多年前在实习期间被朋友帮助他人的精神所感动，而在朋友逝世后继续朋友的活动以使朋友的精神得以延续的感人故事。1A.recordingBattendingCdirecting Dimproving解析：根据下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.”，并与空后的“program”呼应可推知，作者的朋友当时负责这样的一个项目。record“记录；记载”；attend“参加；出席；到场”；improve“提升”；direct“负责；管理”。2A.putting

8、 up with Bcoming up withCkeeping up with Dcatching up with解析：根据语境可知，此处表示想出办法。put up with“忍受”；come up with“想出”；keep up with“跟上”；catch up with“赶上”。3A.group Bfamily Ccompany Dclub解析：根据下文的“He would run every Christmas for the children of the prisoners.”可推知，作者的朋友不仅帮助那些服刑的人，而且还帮助他们的家人。4A.events Bsports Ch

9、obbies Dgames解析：根据下文的“I started making phone calls，explaining about the project”可推知，此处作者介绍了朋友最喜欢做的活动项目，与下文的“I prayed every night that the event would， 12 ，be worthy of my friend.”。呼应。event“事件；活动”。5A.after Bsince Cbecause Duntil解析：根据语境可推知，作者的朋友坚持了20年，一直做这样的活动，直到最后自己突然离世。6A.arrived BfollowedCapproache

10、d Dfinished解析：根据语境可知，朋友去世后，在上一个圣诞节来临之际，作者准备把这个圣诞传统继续下去，且与下文的“When Christmas Eve finally arrived”呼应。approach“临近”。7A.carried out Blived onCcarried on Dlived out解析：参见上题解析。carry out“实行”；live on“以为生”；carry on“继续”；live out“不住在工作场所；实现某事(指曾计划或期望的事)”。8A.benefit Bmemory Cpleasure Dfavor解析：上一个圣诞节来临之际，为了孩子们，也为了

11、朋友的善意行为，作者决定延续这一传统。benefit“好处；益处”；memory“记忆”；pleasure“乐趣”；favor“善意的行为”。9A.active Bextra Chiding Dmissing解析：根据下文的“I had to start a new(重新)and with very little 10 .”可推知，之前朋友所帮助过的人的信息都丢失了，作者不得不重新获取。extra“额外的；另外的”；missing“找不到的；丢失的”。10A.time Bpressure Cenergy Dconfidence解析：根据上文的“As last Christmas 6 ，I de

12、cided that this tradition had to be 7 ，for the children as well as the 8 of my friend.”可知，圣诞节马上来临了，作者找到朋友帮助过的人的信息的时间并不多。pressure“压力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。11A.difficulties BimpressionCimportance Datmosphere解析：在时间紧、文件丢失的情况下，作者要继续朋友生前的活动是困难的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“气氛”。12A.otherwiseBhowever Csom

13、ehow Dthough解析：根据语境可推知，作者每晚祈祷，这样的活动能以某种方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否则；要不然”；somehow“以某种方式”。13A.curiosity BdisappointmentCrelief Dthought解析：根据下文的“individuals，churches and businesses began to come on board”可推知，大家都来帮忙，因此作者很宽慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“宽慰”。14A.eventually BoccasionallyCabsolutely Dge

14、nerally解析：根据下文的“I had enough toys”可推知，作者在大家的帮助下，最终收集到了活动所需要的足够多的玩具。eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔；偶然；间或”；absolutely“完全地；绝对地”；generally“总体上来说；大致”。15A.in particular Bas wellConce more Dat first解析：根据上文的“with some left over for the local community”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不仅够活动本身用，还有剩余。in particular“尤其；特别”；as well“也

15、”；once more“再一次”；at first“开始”。16A.honor Bpity Cburden Ddiscovery解析：根据上文的“I felt very happy”可推知，作者成功地举办了圣诞节活动，感觉能够为逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的荣幸。honor“荣誉；荣幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“负担”；discovery“发现”。17A.predicting BwonderingCevaluating Drealizing解析：根据上文的“I was bagging up the remaining toys”，并与本句中的if条件句呼应可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜欢

16、剩余的玩具。predict“预计”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“评估”；realize“实现；意识到”。18A.drove Bcame Creturned Dcalled解析：根据上文的“Then my phone rang.”和“It was my daughter.”可知，是作者的女儿打来了电话。19A.chocolates BcandiesCtoys Dflowers解析：根据语境可推知，作者和女儿一路驱车去很远的地方给孩子们送圣诞节玩具。20A.spirit Bposition Ccourage Dattention解析：根据上文可知，作者的朋友已经逝世，作者通过把其生前

17、的活动继续下去，让这种仁慈的精神继续存活。spirit“精神”。.阅读理解(2020石家庄市一模)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.In just three months, Rao came up with a device (装置) that can replace t

18、he costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water.Inspired by the current litigation (诉讼)in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “Americas top young scienti

19、st” for 2017.Rao had been following the water problem for about two years.She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this.Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her expe

20、riment.At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her.Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app.To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes (纳米管) that react to lead.This reaction is then

21、registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market.While we may not be aware of any lead pollution p

22、resent in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development.With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.文章大意：该文主要介绍了一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅水平的装置，从而

23、解决了一个科学家多年来忽视的问题。1What do we know about Raos device？ A AIts cheap and quick.BIts cheap and inaccurate.CIts expensive and reliable.DIts portable and timeconsuming.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“In just three months, Rao came up with a device(装置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reli

24、ably determine lead levels in our fresh water.”可推知，与以前又贵又费时的设备相比，Rao所发明的设备既便宜又省时。与第三段最后一句“This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.”相呼应。故选A。2What made Rao have the idea of designing the

25、 device？ D AHer parents suggestions.BHer desire for winning the award.CHer interest in settling real problems.DThe water pollution litigation in Flint.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Inspired by the current litigation(诉讼) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new te

26、sting system that resulted in her being named Americas top young scientist for 2017.”可知，Rao设计测试水中铅水平的装置的想法是受一个水污染诉讼的启发。故选D。3What do the carbon nanotubes function as？ B ASending immediate signals.BDetecting the presence of lead.CRecording the reaction results.DShowing the water quality results.解析：推理判

27、断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead.”可推知，这个碳纳米管是可以对铅起反应的，因此可以检测出水中是否含有铅。故选B。4What does the author think of Raos invention？ B AIt will lead Rao to make a fortune.BIt will help millions of Americans drink safe water.CIt will promote the devel

28、opment of science in America.DIt will soon settle the leadpolluted problem thoroughly.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development.” “her incredible invention could make a differen

29、ce to millions of people in the United States”和对本段的整体理解可推知，作者认为Rao的发明可以帮助人们快速检测出水是否含有铅，从而可以大大提高人们饮用水的安全性，意义重大。故选B。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。(2020江西省名校高三联考)Are you happy with your appearance? 1.B “Almost all the girls with singlefold eyelids (单眼皮) in our class have had double eyelid

30、 operations，” Zeng, a Senior 2 student from Chengdu, told Xinhua.Zeng had the same surgery done this summer. 2.E From popular photoediting apps to plastic surgery (整形手术), it seems that large eyes, pale skin and a skinny body are the only standard for beauty these days.But can following this standard

31、 really make us feel good about ourselves? 3.C According to Huxiu News, over six in ten girls choose not to take part in certain daily activities, such as attending school, because they feel bad about their looks.As much as 31 percent of teenagers avoid speaking up in class because they worry that o

32、thers will notice their looks.Many teenagers are upset about their appearance because they believe in unrealistic standards of beauty, experts say. 4.G Seeing all these things can make anyone believe that theyre too dark, too fat, too short, or too tall.However, trying to live up to strict standards

33、 can make us feel anxious.What troubles us is not just our “imperfect” looks, but the fact that we criticize ourselves too much. 5.A Plussize models are being featured in some fashion shows.All of us should be just as confident as they are.ABeauty comes in all shapes and sizes.BSome teenagers might

34、feel negative about their appearance.CBody image anxiety is common among teenagers.DGuys care just as much as girls do about their body image.EShe and many of her classmates believe bigger eyes look more beautiful.FIts common for teenagers to feel confident about their appearance.GPerfect faces and

35、bodies are everywhere in advertising, TV shows and social media.文章大意：本文主要讨论了青少年如何看待自己的外貌，鼓励青少年要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式各有不同。解析：1承接上文“Are you happy with your appearance？”并结合选项可知，选项B对此问题作出了回应。所以选用B选项。2根据语境及空前一句“Zeng had the same surgery done this summer.”可知，Zeng也做了双眼皮手术。故E项“她和许多同学认为大眼睛看起来更漂亮。”符合语境，承接上文。3本段主要讲的是

36、很多青少年对自己的外貌不满意，甚至感到焦虑。故C项“外貌焦虑在青少年中很普遍。”适合作本段主题句。4根据空后的“Seeing all these things can make anyone believe that theyre too dark，too fat，too short，or too tall.”，并结合上文“unrealistic standards of beauty”可推知，通过与非现实的美形成对比，许多青少年对自己的外貌有自卑感，与选项G的内容联系紧密。所以选用G选项。5根据下文“All of us should be just as confident as they

37、are.”可知，本段主要讲的是要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式多种多样，而不是只有一个标准。所以选用A选项。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Hardly can you succeed 1.in doing something perfectly the first time you do it. 2.Therefore/Thus ，when you do something for the first time，it is time to give up the idea of perfection.I remember the first t

38、ime I 3.drove (drive) a car in traffic after getting my drivers license.I was very nervous in that heavy trafficmy driving style showed that I wasnt a very confident driver.Now Im much more 4.experienced (experience) as a driver. 5.Though/Although/While I still dont consider myself a perfect one，Im

39、much more confident behind the wheel than 6.what I was when I started.In general， 7.it is useless working hard for doing something perfectly when you do it for the first time.You are setting the bar so high that you just feel bad when you are 8.unable (able) to meet the level you have set.Also，perfe

40、ction is just another way 9.to delay (delay)，so trying to be perfect is just 10.a waste of time.You should work hard for excellence instead.文章大意：本文利用自己的经历来说明第一次做某事的时候不要追求完美，追求完美不仅会耽误事情，也会浪费时间。解析：1考查介词。句意：第一次做某事的时候是几乎不可能做到完美的。succeed in doing sth.意为“成功做某事”，为固定搭配。故填in。2考查副词。句意：因此，当你第一次做某事的时候，也就是你要放弃完美

41、的时候。根据两个句子之间的关系可知，此处应是表示结果的副词，又因为空格后面的标点符号是逗号。故填Therefore或Thus。3考查动词的时态。句意：我记得在我拿到驾照后第一次开车。句中的the first time引导的时间状语从句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以要用一般过去时。故填drove。4考查形容词。句意：现在我开车熟练多了。分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词作表语。故填experienced。5Though/Although/While考查连词。句意：虽然我现在仍然认为自己不完美，但是现在比刚开始开车的时候自信了很多。句子前后两部分是转折关系，所以此处应填引导让步状语从句的连词。故填Th

42、ough/Although/While。6考查名词性从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句子结构及句意可知than后面的句子中缺少表语。故填连接代词what。7考查代词。句意：通常情况下，当你第一次做某事时，努力要做到完美是没有用的。It is useless doing sth.意为“做某事是没有用的”，为固定句型，it是形式主语，后面的动名词是真正的主语。故填it。8考查词形转换。句意：你设定的目标太高，以至于当你不能达到这一标准时，你会感到难过。根据句意可知，此处应该是表示否定的意思，所以要用able的反义词。故填unable。9考查非谓语动词。句意：而且，完美是另外一种耽误时间的方式way意为“方式；方法”时，后面常用动词不定式作定语。故填to delay。10考查冠词。句意：所以，努力想要达到完美只是浪费时间。a waste of time意为“浪费时间”，为固定搭配。故填a。