2022高考英语一轮复习 Unit 6 Space and beyond课后练习（含解析）外研版选择性必修第四册.doc

1、Unit 6 Space and beyond课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点简化与合并(2)1使用词组代替整句或者从句。Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past.Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them

2、 within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels and better transportation services.2使用概括性的词代替具体的词。She brought home several Chi

3、nese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks.She intended to read all of them during the winter vocation.She brought home a lot of books to read during the vocation.3运用主从复合句合并信息：主从复合句即我们常用的名词性从句、状语从句和定语从句。可根据信息的不同作用选择不同的从句进行合并信息。Well also spend some fun time together

4、, singing, dancing and playing games.We hope it will make them happy.Well also spend some fun time together，which we hope will make them happy.4运用同位语合并信息：对人物、事物、地点做出解释的信息可采用在名词后面插入同位语的方式合并。Li is a new student.He comes from a southern province.He speaks a dialect.We find it hard to understand his dia

5、lect.Li，a new student from a southern province, speaks a dialect which is hard for us to understanD小试牛刀1Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located 200 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.The_dairy_farm_was_located_in_a_remote_area,_200_kilometers_from

6、_the_nearest_university.2In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed by my grandfathers family.In_the_fall,_my_grandfathers_family_not_only_milked_the_cow_but_also_mowed_the_hay.3Although a lot of people were strongly against it, three more nuclear power stations

7、 were built.Another_three_nuclear_power_stations_were_built_despite_the_strong_opposition.4Besides, one has to consider whom he is spending the holiday with.Another_consideration_is_the_companion.5A private American organization called Population Action International (PAL)has just conducted a study

8、and says more than 335 million people, who mostly live in poor areas, do not have enough water for daily life and work.According_to_a_study,_more_than_335_million_people,_mostly_living_in_poor_areas,_are_suffering_from_water_shortage.阅读理解A语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自然检验学业的前沿阵地航天员的细菌问题(2019全国卷D)Bacteria are an ann

9、oying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? Its turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any

10、 kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years, Gordons students have been stud

11、ying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案).“We dont give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager.“There are no tests，” Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grad

12、es, other thanAre you working towards your goal？ Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year, present it to NASA Engineers come and really do an inperson review, anD.its not a very nice thing at times.Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNC

13、H program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to

14、test in space.文章大意：困扰着美国航天员的细菌问题会如何解决？这一问题求助于一群学生。Gordon领导的学生们一直忙于解决零重力下的细菌问题，他们没有别的作业，一直忙于他们的目标，帮助航天员解决细菌的问题。他们每天都通过HUNCH项目和航天员联系，准备在太空检测可行的解决方法。1What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?AThey are hard to get rid of.BThey lead to air pollution.CThey appear in different

15、forms.DThey damage the instruments.解析：A推理判断题。根据第一段的第二句.grow uncontrollably.，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可推知细菌在太空很难除去。2What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?ATo strengthen teacherstudent relationships.BTo sharpen students communication skills.CTo allow students to experien

16、ce zero gravity.DTo link space technology with school education.解析：D推理判断题。根据第二段特别是第一句话可推知中学的课堂和美国国家航空和航天局的工程师通过HUNCH项目联合，再结合第四段的第一句话可知其目的是实现学校教育和太空科技的接轨，让学生更好地去进行研究。故选D项。3What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?ACheck their product.BGuide project designs.CAdjust work schedules.

17、DGrade their homework.解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ive got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA和最后一段的最后一句Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space.可知学生会把研究结果让工程师在太空检测，以验证他们的方法是否可行。故选A项。4Wh

18、at is the best title for the text?ANASA: The Home of AstronautsBSpace: The Final Homework FrontierCNature: An Outdoor ClassroomDHUNCH：A College Admission Reform解析：B主旨大意题。HUNCH项目将中学研究项目和美国国家航空和航天局的问题联系在一起，学生研究解决方法并在太空得以验证。故可称之为太空是检验学生研究项目的前沿阵地。故选B项。B语篇类型广告类的应用文主题语境人与社会航天航空工业活动培训体验(2018北京卷B)Find Your

19、Adventure at theSpace and Aviation (航空) CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with handson tasks and lots of fun.More than 750，000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking emp

20、loyment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with realworld applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also off

21、er a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the worlDThe Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance

22、to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about waterand landsurvival through designed tasks and their search an

23、d rescue of a “downed” pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young

24、 as 7.Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit us online at www.oursaCcom.文章大意：本文是一篇广告类的应用文，向读者介绍了航天航空中心(SAC)，说明了参加该中心培训项目的益处、适合参加的年龄段人群、以及了解更多信息的方式等。5Why do people come to SAC?ATo experience adventures.BTo look for jobs in aviation.CTo get a deg

25、ree in engineering.DTo learn more about medicine.解析：A细节理解题。根据首句可知航天航空中心(SAC)是一个能够为你提供独特冒险经历的地方，因此选A。第二段提到从该中心毕业的很多人都可以在工程师行业、航空、教育、医学等领域找到工作，这是参加培训者可得到的益处之一，并非来此处的目的。因此可排除其他选项。6To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to _Afly to spaceBget an Aviation badge firstCstudy the principles of fl

26、ightDbuild and fire model rockets解析：D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated flying to space with the crew from all over the worlD”可知应选D。7What is the most important for trainees?ALea

27、dership. BTeam spirit.CTask planning. DSurvival skills.解析：B细节理解题。 根据第四段的内容可知对培训者来说团队精神是关键的，因此选B。.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自我完善自我给自己一个全新的开始的方法Easy Ways to Give Yourself a Fresh StartIt doesnt need to be complicated or challenging to turn a fresh page on each new day.Whenever we mark a new yearby turning the c

28、alendar，returning to school or celebrating a holidaywe are looking for a fresh start.1._ But how? Here are some easy ways to connect with that feeling of starting fresh，whether its a new year or simply a new day in our life.2_ This means you have realized what serves your life now and what can stay

29、in your past.Or invest in a new pen and a new notebook.Having fresh supplies can simulate even the common task of creating your todo list.Moreover，you can learn something new by opening a book youve been expecting to read，searching a question thats been in your mind，enrolling in a class that motivat

30、es your interest.Of course you can simply ask a friend for a fresh idea about an issue.3._Take a break from technology for an hour，a day，or a week.4._ You should be able to put some space between yourself and digital devices.One reason why we sometimes struggle to start fresh is that you get stuck w

31、ith reflecting on worrisome thoughts about the past，the present or even the future.5._ Allow these thoughts into your day only at a brief (30 minutes or less)，specific time.The rest of the time，focus on what you are doing thats new and positive.How do you give yourself that “fresh start” feeling?AEl

32、ectronic products might not be serving you best.BNewness or freshness can guide us on a positive path.CLimit your daily “worry time” and make an appointment with yourself.DAll of us enjoy newness，but what is it that leads to a sense of freshness?ERealizing your past mistakes，you should move forward

33、with enthusiasm.FIncreasing your knowledge on any topic means taking your mind into a fresh areAGFirst，even letting go of a single box or bag of items can give you a refreshing sense.文章大意：本文主要介绍了几种给自己一个全新的开始的方法。1解析：B根据语境可知，本空是一个过渡句。由空前一句中的人们寻找一个全新的开始和下文要提供全新开始的方法的表述可知，该句讲的应是全新开始的好处，所以选B选项。2解析：G根据空后一

34、句中的“have realized what serves your life now and what can stay in your past”可知，G项中的“letting go”和“give you a refreshing sense”与之呼应，所以选G选项。3解析：F本段主要讲了学习一些新知识的途径，F项“增长关于任何话题的知识意味着将你的思想带到一个新的领域”是对本段的总结，所以选F选项。4解析：A本空的前后句讲到了科技和电子设备，本句应该也是与科技或电子设备相关的内容，所以选A选项。5解析：C本空是一个过渡句。空前一句中提到了“worrisome thoughts”，空后一句

35、提到“Allow these thoughts.specific time”，所以本句讲的应该是与担忧时间相关的内容，C选项中的“worry time”与之呼应，所以选C选项。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会社会生活地铁车厢里将禁止吃喝(2021成都市高三期中测试) Eating and drinking in subway cars has long been a controversial issue in ChinAWhile many have expressed annoyance 1._ the sight of someone eating food in subway

36、cars，quite a few people support the right to chew 2._ (noisy)on snacks during the trip to work or school.The debate recently arrived at 3._(it) final destination when the Ministry of Transport introduced a new regulation last week that bans passengers nationwide，with the exception of 4._(baby)and pe

37、ople with certain medical conditions，from eating or drinking in subway cars.The policy 5._(schedule)to take effect on April 1 along with some new rules that will forbid passengers from playing music or videos on speakers，or 6._ (lie) down on seats in subway cars.Zhang Han，7._ 18yearold girl，recalled

38、 that a female passenger was seen recently on the subway in Nanjing 8._(fine) for eating traditional street fooD“At first，I felt sorry for the girl，” she saiD“Most people were simply 9._(aware) of such a food ban before.”Now that a national ban is in the pipeline (在准备中)，she said she supported the id

39、eA“The subway car is a public space.No food should be allowed，10._ or not it gives off a strong smell.”文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项针对地铁车厢里乘客吃喝问题的规定在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，并讲述了一个18岁的女孩对此规定的看法。1解析：at考查介词。此处表示对看到地铁车厢里有人吃东西表示厌烦，故用介词at。at the sight of表示“看到”，是固定用法。2解析：noisily考查副词。此处应用副词noisily修饰动词chew。3解析：i

40、ts考查代词。此处指关于这个问题的争论最近有了最终结果。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词destination。4解析：babies考查名词的单复数。此处指在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，根据语境可知，此处指的婴儿不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式。5解析：is scheduled考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指这项规定预计在4月1号生效，是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；又因主语The policy 与schedule之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填is scheduled。6解析：lying考查非谓语动词。此处和该句中的playing并列，作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位上。7解析：an考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的女孩，且18yearold的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。8解析：to be fined考查固定用法。此处表示一位女乘客被看见罚款了，考查固定用法be seen to do sth.，又因此处表示被罚款，故填to be fined。9解析：unaware考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示大多数人之前确实不知道这个食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。10解析：whether考查状语从句。句意：不应允许在地铁车厢里面吃东西，无论它是否散发出强烈的气味。故填whether。