2021届高考英语总复习知识点学案：动词不定式 PDF版含答案.pdf

1、高中英语语法总结大全之动词不定式要点清单不定式作宾语1)动词+不定式afford aimap pear agree arrange ask be decidebother care choose come dare demand desiredetermine expect elect endeavor hope fail happenhelp hesitate learn long mean manage offer oughtplan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tendwait wish undertake举例：The driver faile

2、d to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg,choose,expect,hate,help intend like,love,need prefer,prepare,promise,want,wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整

3、洁。I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。3）动词+疑问词+todecide,know,consider forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,find out,explain,tellPlease show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on salethat I cant make up my mind which

4、 to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。不定式作补语1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do)advise allow appoint believe causechallengecommandcompelconsiderdeclaredriveenableencouragefindforbid forceguesshireimagineimpelinduce informinstructinvitejudgeknowl

5、ikeorderpermitpersuaderemind reportrequest requireselectsendstate suppose tellthinktraintrust understandurgewarn例句：a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。b.We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的。Find 的特殊用法：Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带 to 的动词不定式。find 后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有 get，have。

6、I found him lying on the ground.I found it important to learn.I found that to learn English is important.典型例题:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying答案：A.find 的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。2)to+be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think

7、,declare(声称),discover,fancy(设想),feelfind,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解),show,suppose,take(以为),understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best studentsin our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered_ thefirst computer.A.to inventB.inventingC.to have inventedD.having

8、invented答案：A.由 consider to do sth.排除 B、D。.此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而 C 为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选 C。3)to be+形容词Seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,bethought,be known,be reported,hope,wish,desire,want,plan,expect,meanThe book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。4)there be+

9、不定式believe,expect,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,want,wish,undrstandWe didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。注意：有些动词需用 as 短语做补语，如 regard,think believe,take,consider.We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took him as her father.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。不定式主语1）Its easy(for me)to

10、 do that.我做这事太容易了easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,toolittle,not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真高兴。Its necessary for you to lock the car when you donot use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2)Its very kind of y

11、ou to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。Kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：1)其他系动词如，look，appear 等也可用于此句型2)不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3

12、)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用 It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(错)It is to believe to see.Its for sb/Its of sb1）for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等：Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2）of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 goo

13、d,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。for 与 of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用 of，不通则用 for。如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用 of)。He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用 for。)不定式作表语不定式可放在 be 动词后面，形成表语。例如：My work is to clean the room every day.His dream is to be a doctor.不

14、定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.So he made some candles to give light.不定式作状语1）目的状语To only to(仅仅为了),in order to,so asto,so(such)as to(如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have

15、I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因Im glad to see you.典型例题The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is verycomfortable to _.A.sitB.sit onC.be seatD.be sat on答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于形容词+动词不定式结构的末尾。用作介词的 toto 有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词,to 在下面的用法中

16、是第二种，即 to+名词/动名词：admit to 承认，confess to 承认，be accustomed to 习惯于，be used to 习惯于，stick to 坚持，turn to 开始，着手于，devoteoneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于，lookforward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意省 to 的动词不定式1）情态动词(除 ought 外，ought to)：2）使役动词 let,have,make：3）感官动词 see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smel

17、l,feel,find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉。I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.4）would rather，had better：5）Why/why not：6）help 可带 to，也可不带 to,help sb(to)do sth：7）but 和 except：but 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。8）由 and,or

18、和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去：9）通常在 discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand 等词后，可以省去 to be：He is supposed(to be)nice.他应该是个好人。举例：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.He wants to do nothing but go out.比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to believe anything but to take themedicine.典型

19、例题1)-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.trygoing答案：D.why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式，因此选 D。2）Paul doesnt have to be made _.He alwaysworks hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning答案：B.make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。动词不定式的否定式Tell him no

20、t to shut the windowShe pretended not to see me when I passed by.我走过的时候，她假装没看见。典型例题1）Tell him _ the window.A.to shut notB.not to shutC.to not shutD.not shut答案：B。tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为 tell sbnot to do sth.2)She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to seeB.not seeingC.to not seeD.having not seen答案

21、：A。pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为 pretend not to do sth.。3）Mrs.Smith warned her daughter _ afterdrinking.A.never to driveB.to never driverC.never drivingD.never drive答案：A。warn sb to do sth.的否定形式为 warnsb not to do sth.此处用的是否定词 never.4)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him _.

22、A.not toB.not to doC.not do itD.do not to答案：A。not to 为 not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词 do 后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此 B，D 不对。5)The patient was warned _ oily food after theoperation.A.to eat noB.eating notC.not to eatD.not eating答案：C。warn 一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为 be warned not to do。不定式特殊句型 t

23、ooto1）tooto 太以至于He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。-Can I help you?需要我帮忙吗?-Well,Im afraid the box is too heavy for you tocarry it,but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。2)如在 too 前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为不太。Its never too late to mend.(谚语)改过不嫌晚。3)当 too 前面有 only,all,but 时，意思

24、是：非常等于 very。Im only too pleased to be able to help you.我非常高兴能帮助你。He was but too eager to get home.他非常想回家。不定式特殊句型 so as to1）表示目的；它的否定式是 so as not to do。Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not tolose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。2)so kind as to-劳

25、驾Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?劳驾，现在几点了。不定式特殊句型 Why notWhy not+动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不?干吗不?例如：Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?stop doing/to dostop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing 停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigar ette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题She reached the top of the hi

26、ll and stopped _ona big rock by the side of the path.A.to have restedB.restingC.to restD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop todo sth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以 stop doing sth.不正确。forget doing/to doforget to do 忘记要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。(已做)The light in the office is stil on.He forg

27、ot to turnit off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。(to come 动作未做)典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh，I forgot_.A.turning it offB.turn it offC.to turn it offD.having turned it off答案：C。由 the light is still on 可知灯

28、亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用 forget to do sth.而 forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。remember doing/to doremember to do 记得去做某事(未做)remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?regret doing/to doregret to do 对要做的事遗憾

29、。(未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections atthe meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to doB.to be doingC.to have doneD.havingdone答案：D。regret

30、 having done sth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选 D。cease doing/to docease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。That department has ceased to exist forever.那个部门已不复存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when theirteacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。try doing/to dotry

31、 to do 努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。go on doing/to dogo on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to dohis physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after

32、 you havefinished this one.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习be afraid doing/to dobe afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；be afraid of doing 担心出现 doing 的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。She was afraid to step further in grass because shewas afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her

33、husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。be interested doing/.interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。I shall be interested to know what happens.我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)Im interested in working in Switzerland.Do youhave any idea about that?我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你

34、想过这事吗?(一种想法)mean doing/to domean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味着I mean to go,but my father would not allow meto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。begin(start)doing/to dobegin/start to do sthbegin/start doing sth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you

35、first started playingthe piano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴？2)begin,start 用进行时时，后面动词用不定式 todoI was beginning to get angry。我开始生起气来。3)在 attempt,intend,begin,start 后接 know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。I begin to understand the truth。我开始明白真相。4)物作主语时It began to melt.感官动词+doing/to do感官动词 see,watch,observe,notice,look

36、at,hear,listen to,smell,taste,feel+do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调我见他正干活这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题1）They knew her very well.They had seen her_ up from childhood.A.growB.grewC.was growingD.to

37、 grow答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用 see sb do sth 的句型。2）The missing boy was last seen _ near theriver.A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play答案 A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb.doing sth 句型不定式的时态和语态时态语态主动被动一般式 to doto be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have doneto have been done完成进行式 to have been doi

38、ng1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again.=I hope that Ill see youagain.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4)完

39、成进行时：She is known to have been wreaking on theproblem for many years.动名词与不定式1）动名词与不定式的区别：动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2）接不定式或动名词，意义相同。3）动名词与不定式语义不同的有 11 组：1stop to dostop doing2forget to doforget doing3remember to do remember doing4regret to doregret doing5cease to docease

40、 doing6try to dotry doing7go on to dogo on doing8afraid to doafraid doing9interested to dointerested doing10mean to domean doing11begin/start to dobegin/start doing精题精练高考应用不定式的常用考点为：不定式的时态和语态的搭配；It is+adj.of/for sb to do sth 结构中不定式做真正主语，it 做形式主语，句型表示某人做某事怎么样；不定式做状语表示目的、结果、原因；不定式的省略和不定式的介词用法。其中不定式的可省

41、略形式和介词用法需要大家记住常用搭配。1.（2017新课标卷 I语法填空）Fat and salt arevery important parts of a diet.They are required(process)the food that we eat,to recoverfrom injury and for several other bodily functions.2.(2017新课标卷 II短文改错)When summercame（comes）,they will invite their students pickthe vegetables！3.(2017浙江卷语法填空)

42、Sixteen yearsearlier(early),Pahlsson had removed thediamond ring(cook)a meal.4.（2016北京卷单项填空）_ iteasier to get in touch with us,youd better keepthis card at hand.A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.To make5.（2016全国新课标卷 III语法填空）Skilledworkers also combine various hardwoods andmetal(create)special designs.6.(2014天津卷

43、)Anxiously,she took the dressout of the package and tried it on,only _it didnt fitA.to findB.foundC.findingD.having found7.(2014山东卷)Its standard practice for acompany like this one_ a security officer.A.employedB.being employedC.to employD.employs8.（2014四川卷）I hope to take the computercourse.Good ide

44、a._ more about it,visit thiswebsite.A.To find outB.Finding outC.To be finding outD.Having found out应题策略1.判断动词时态，判断是否表示将来要发生的动作。2.找出主句中的主语和从句中的动词的主被动关系，来排除一些选项。3.看时候属于It is+adj.of/for sb to do sth结构的固定搭配。1.to process【解析】句意：他们被要求加工食物。Require 表示要求，require sb.to do sth.表示要求某人去做某事，被动形式为”sb.berequired to

45、do sth.”。故填 to process。2.pick 改为 to pick【解析】主句中出现两个动词，will 是谓语动词，故要将第二个动词改为非谓语动词，根据句意：他们将邀请他们的学生去摘蔬菜，摘蔬菜是目的，故用不定式表目的。3.to cook【解析】考查动词不定式。一个句子不能出现双重谓语，所以此处要用不定式作目的状语。故填 to cook。4.D【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知，这里是目的状语，表目的用动词不定式，故选 D。5.to create【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结

46、合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。6.A【解析】only+不定式表示意想不到的结果。选项中 found 表示被动和完成，finding 表示主动和正在进行，having found 完成时表示动作发生在先。7.C【解析】it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。句意：像这样的一个公司雇用一名保安是惯例。故答案选 C。8.A【解析】由结构判断此处是非谓语短语位于句首表示目的，现在分词不做目的状语，排除 CD 选项。To be doing 强调正在进行，不能做目的状语，故答案选 A。句意：-我希望选修计算机课程。-好主意。要想多了解计算机情况的话，

47、去这个网站看看。高效演练1._ in Northern Europe rose steadily in thethird quarter of 2016,following a 0.1 percentincrease in the previous quarter.A.Tourist spendingB.Tourist spentC.Tourist spendD.Tourist spends2.Its natural for there _ a generation gapbetween parents and their children.A.beingB.having beenC.to b

48、eD.to have been3.Its important for the figures _regularly.A.to be updatedB.to have been updatedC.to updateD.to have updated4.Its interesting _ the children_there.A.watching;playingB.to watch;to playC.to watch;playingD.watching;play5._ exactly what was wrong with him,thedoctors gave him a complete ex

49、amination.A.To discoverB.DiscoveringC.DiscoveredD.Having been discovered6.Many parents dont take their kidsinterestsand ages into consideration,only _ More haste,less speed their curiosity isbeing killed.A.findingB.having foundC.to findD.find7.My grandma,living separately in the country,isjust conte

50、nt to sit comfortably in front of TV eachevening,happy _ Chinese traditionalopera programs.A.to be watchingB.watchingC.to watchD.to be watched8.How pleasant the picture is to _!A.look atB.being looked atC.looking atD.be looked at9.Tom was proud _ captain of our schoolfootball team.A.to chooseB.to be

51、 chosenC.to have been chosenD.to have chosen10.A lot of employees at the company said Ericwas impossible_,and indeed he wastough.A.dealing withB.dealt withC.to deal withD.to be dealt with11.They knew her very well.They had seen her_（grow）up from childhood.1.A【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意在2016 年的第三季度北欧的旅游支出稳步上升，比

52、上一季度增长 0.1%。和句子结构可知，_in Northern Europe是句子的主语，所以动词 spend 该用 ing 形式（即动名词），而 Tourist是动名词的逻辑主语，所以 A 项（Touristspending 游客花销/旅游支出）的结构正确且符合语境之意。故选 A。2.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。it 是形式主语，to do（动词不定式）作真正的主语。构成It is+adj.to do 结构。3.C【解析】考察不定式短语做主语以及强调句型。句中 figure 和 update 是被动关系，故用被动语态，由状语 regularly 可以得出用一般现在时。4.C【解析】考查非谓语

53、动词。句意：看到孩子们在那儿玩非常有趣。由语境可知，孩子们正在那边玩。该题考查 watch sb.doing sth.结构，意为看到某人正在做某事，故第二个空填playing。doing 做主语，表示经常性的动作。to do做主语，表示某一次的行为。由语境可知，该处并不是经常性的动作。故要用 to do 作主语。C 选项切题。5.A【解析】考查非谓语。句意：为了准确地发现他出了什么问题，医生给了他一个完整的检查。此句中用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。6.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很多父母没有考虑孩子的兴趣和年龄，结果发现欲速则不达他们的好奇心正在被扼杀。使用only+不定式作预料之外的结

54、果。故选 C。7.C【解析】考查不定式。句意：独自住在村里的奶奶，每晚只是喜欢舒适地坐在电视机前，快乐地观看中国传统戏剧节目。此处源于词组be happy to do sh.乐意做某事，该空处为形容词词组作状语，修饰主语的状态。故选 C。8.A【解析】该句是感叹句，解题时应将其还原为陈述句：the pictures is pleasant to 该结构中不定式作状语修饰作表语的形容词 pleasant，且 look at 与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，sb/sth is adj to do sth 是固定句式，用不定时的主动表被动，选 A 项。9.C【解析】考查非谓语。句意：Tom 非常自豪被

55、选为我们校足球队的队长。根据句意可知要运用被动语态，用现在完成时的被动语态表示此事已经发生，且有一定影响。故选 C。10.C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：公司里的许多员工说，对付 Eric 是不可能的。他确实很难对付。hard,difficult,easy,impossible 等形容词作表语时，其后的不定式如果与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，通常用不定式的主动形式，故选 to deal with。11.grow【解析】see 后接省去 to 的不定式傲宾语补足语。此类动词主要有感观动词和使役动词 see,watch,notice,observe,took at,find,feel,listen to,have,make,let 等。