2021高考英语（全国版）一轮复习教师用书：第二部分专题十　情态动词和虚拟语气 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题十情态动词和虚拟语气考点1情态动词 常见情态动词的用法 1.shall与should的用法 典例12019天津一中月考,6It wasnt right for me that such near neighbors not know one another.句意:如此近的邻居竟然互相不认识,这对我来说不正常。should居然,竟然,符合句意。should2.will与would的用法 典例2What is your impression of your former colleague Nick?Hes helpful, and he give us a hand at work.句意:你

2、对你的前同事Nick的印象是什么?他很乐于助人,在工作中经常帮助我们。由语境可知,此处表示过去经常的动作,故用would。would3.can与could的用法 典例32020江苏苏州开学考,24Traveling by subway sometimes be quite a choice, especially during the rush hours.句意:乘地铁旅行有时是一种很好的选择,尤其是在交通高峰期。此处表示经常的态势,故用can。can4.may与might的用法 典例42019天津滨海七校联考,64Since we can do nothing about it, we as

3、 well consult Mr. Smith about the matter.句意:既然我们无能为力,关于此事我们不妨咨询史密斯先生。固定短语may/might as well不妨,还是好符合句意。may/might5.must的用法典例5Passengers talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.句意:在公共汽车行进过程中,乘客不能与司机交谈,因为这会把司机的注意力从路上转移开。根据句意可知,此处表示不许,禁止,应用mustnt。mustnt特殊情态动

4、词的用法 1.need与dare的用法 典例6Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we bring anything with us?句意:我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗?neednt不必,不需要,符合句意。neednt情态动词表示推测 典例7Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He have drunk too much at the party last night.句意:Harry觉得不舒服,他昨晚在聚会上肯定喝太多了。由last night及语境可知

5、,此处表示对过去情况把握很大的肯定推测。must have done sth.一定做了某事,符合句意。must典例8I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable it is to get it back! I mean, someone have stolen it. 从对话情景可知,此处是对过去情况的推测:手提包落在火车上后有可能被偷走。might have done意为可能已经做了某事,符合语境。might情态动词+have done 典例

6、92019天津红桥区模拟,9Whats wrong with you?Oh, I am sick. I (eat) so much ice cream just now.根据语境可知,此处表示我刚才本不应该吃那么多冰激凌,故用shouldnt have eaten,表示过去本不应该做某事,但实际上做了。shouldnt have eaten考点2虚拟语气 非真实条件句表达虚拟语气 1.基本形式典例102019江苏扬州高三期中联考,30Did George pass the interview?Im afraid not. If so, he (inform) me.句意:乔治通过面试了吗?我恐

7、怕没有。如果通过了的话,他就通知我了。结合语境可知,答语第二句说的是非真实情况,而且是与过去事实相反的假设,因此主句谓语形式应为would/should/could/might have done。题干中的If so是If he had passed the interview的省略形式。would/should/could/might have informed2.省if倒装典例11(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world

8、.句意:如果没有现代化的电讯,要想收到来自世界各地的消息,我们就不得不等几个星期。本题考查虚拟条件句的倒装。本题中,从句中使用了there be句型,表示与现在事实相反的假设,be动词应用were;当if省略的时候,要使用部分倒装,即Were there no modern telecommunications。Were3.错综时间典例12If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he(be) able to speak it much better now.句意:如果他以前多花点儿时间练习说英语的话,现在他就能

9、说得好得多。题干为错综时间条件句,从句是与过去事实相反的假设;而根据主句中的now可知,主句是与现在情况相反的假设,故主句谓语的形式应为would/should/could/might+动词原形。would/should/could/might be4.含蓄条件典例13I(go) to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available.句意:要不是抽不出时间,我昨晚就去参加我堂弟的生日聚会了。结合句意和句中的but I was not available可知,题干前半句表示含蓄条件;由last night可知,该含蓄条件

10、句表示与过去事实相反的假设,所以谓语形式为would/should/could/might+have done。would/should/could/might have gone表示命令、建议、要求、愿望的名词后名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.宾语从句典例142020黑龙江铁人中学开学考,16The government required that every effort (make) to bring down house prices.句意:政府要求要尽一切努力降低房价。require要求后跟宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语形式为(should+)动词原形;effort与make之间

11、为动宾关系,应用被动语态,故填(should) be made。(should)be made4.表语从句典例15My suggestion was that necessary measures (take) to keep the children away from dangerous classrooms. 句意:我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子远离危险的教室。that在此引导表语从句,suggestion(建议)后的表语从句通常用虚拟语气,从句的谓语形式为(should+)动词原形,又measures与take之间为动宾关系,故应填(should) be taken。 (should

12、)be takenas if/as though和wish后从句的虚拟语气 典例16Dont handle the vase as if it (be) made of steel.as if表示似乎,好像,在此引导方式状语从句。主句为祈使句,此处as if引导的方式状语从句表示对现在情况的虚拟,故从句的be动词应该用were。were典例172015天津,13I wish I (be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.句意:我希望上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼,但那时我

13、在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气;再由从句中的时间状语last Tuesday可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故从句的谓语形式应为had done。had been特殊句式中的虚拟语气 典例18Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he (do) something instead of just talking.句意:杰克总是夸夸其谈,他该做点事了,而不是仅仅空谈。空处所在句是Its high time that句型,其中从句的谓语用动词过去式或should+动词原形,且should不能省略。did/should do考法1 考

14、查情态动词典例192015重庆,12You be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.句意:你一定是Carol。这么多年你一点都没变。根据语境可知,此处应该用情态动词表示推测,由这么多年你一点都没变可推知,此处为非常有把握的肯定推测,故填must。must考法总结空后为动词原形,故此处只能填助动词或情态动词;根据第二句可知此处是说话人的推测,因为有据可循,所以非常肯定,故填语气最为强烈的情态动词must。考法2 考查虚拟语气典例202017北京,34If the new safety system (put) to use

15、, the accident would never have happened.句意:如果这套新的安全系统(当初)投入使用了,这次事故绝对不会发生。由would never have happened 可知本句用到了虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的虚拟,主句谓语形式用would/should/could/might+have done,从句谓语应用had done,且此处system和put之间是动宾关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。had been put考法总结根据主句中的would never have happened 可快速确定此题考查对过去事实的虚拟;if引导的条件状语从句中,用过去完成

16、时表示和过去事实相反的假设;同时要考虑到从句主语和动词put之间是动宾关系。难点 易混情态动词的区别典例21Itbe the postman at the door. Its only six oclock now.句意:门口不可能是邮递员,现在才六点。cant不可能,在此表示有把握的否定推测,符合句意。cant方法1 体会说话者的语气和态度,注意时间概念及情态动词的区别典例22Ithank you enough for what you have done for me. Youre welcome. 句意:你为我做的事情我再怎么感谢都不为过。不用谢。cant/can notenough表示

17、再也不为过,符合句意。 cant典例23I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didnt recognize the voice. Oh, it (be) my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment. 由句中的时间状语yesterday morning及语境可知,此处是对过去发生的事情把握很大的肯定推测,所以用 must have done 结构。must have been方法2 掌握虚拟语气的各种应用,注意区分不同时间概念下谓语的形式典例24We took

18、a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we (be) late. 句意:我们乘坐出租车去的机场, 要不然就迟到了。根据语境可知,后一句表示与过去事实相反的假设,其谓语应用would/should/could/might have been。would/should/could/might have been1.2019江苏,31What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we(have)a good time together.2.2018北京,12In todays information age, the loss o

19、f data cause serious problems for a company.3.2017天津,2My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.4.2015浙江,4It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.5.2015四川,2You be careful with the camera. It costs!6.2015福建,27Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview agai

20、n.Oh, its too bad. You have made full preparations.7.2015北京,34If I (see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.8.2015重庆,7Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.9.2015陕西,23Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I (dance) as well as her.10.2014天津,1

21、5 he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.11.2014陕西,23We would rather our daughter (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 1.would/could/should/might have had句意:多么遗憾!你错过了这次游览。否则,我们就可以一起度过一段愉快的时光。根据关键词missed及or可知,这里表示与过去事实相反的假设

22、,谓语应用would/could/should/might + have done形式。2.can句意:在当今的信息时代,数据的丢失会给公司带来严重的问题。根据语境可知,此处应用can表示可能,会。3.neednt句意:我的房间乱糟糟的,不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫,我可以明天上午打扫。根据I can do it in the morning及句意可知,空处表示没有必要。4.couldnt句意:太吵了,我们都无法听到自己说话。根据句意可知,此处应用couldnt表示不能。5.must句意:你一定要小心这个相机。它很贵的!根据语境可知,空处用must一定。6.should根据语境可知,本句用

23、should have done sth.表示本应该做某事(而实际上未做),暗含对对方的责怪。7.hadnt seen句意:如果不是亲眼所见,我是不会相信的。根据主句谓语wouldnt have believed可知,这里考查的是if条件句中对过去情况的虚拟,此时if条件句应用过去完成时;再结合句意可知答案为hadnt seen。8.wouldnt have written句意:(如果)没有战争时的经历,海明威不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。该句使用Without 引出虚拟条件;根据语境可知,这里是与过去情况相反的假设,因此主句谓语用would+have done结构,结合句意可知此处应填w

24、ouldnt have written。9.danced句意:Ellen是一个极出色的舞者。我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。动词wish后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气;再根据句意及上句时态可知,此处表示对现在情况的一种假设,所以从句中的谓语动词要用过去式。10.Had句意: 他要是赶上了上午的火车,就不会开会迟到了。这是一个省略了if的虚拟条件句;根据语境可知,此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句应用过去完成时;引导词if省略了,had应提前。故填Had。11.stayed句意:我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里,但是这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了。would rather意为宁愿,后接宾语从句时,从句常用虚拟语气;根据but后分句的时态可知,此处是对现在情况的虚拟,从句谓语应用一般过去时。