Unit 3-2 Discovering Useful Structures-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年高一英语同步精品讲义（人教版2019必修第一册）.docx

1、Unit 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS3.2 Discovering Useful Structures 附加疑问句 附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句，主要用于口语，其作用是说话人向对方验证自己的陈述或者判断，也可以用于祈使句表示请求或者建议。一、附加疑问句的组成 附加疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述部分，后一部分是附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词 、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成 。1. 肯定式陈述部分+否定附加疑问部分（前肯后否）You often play badminton,dont you? 你经常打羽毛球，是吗？You are going to the gym

2、 with me, arent you?你要和我一起去健身房，是吗？Shes been to shanghai before, hasnt she ? 她以前去过上海，是吗？2. 否定式陈述部分+肯定附加疑问部分（前否后肯）It isnt a beautiful flower, is it? 那不是美丽的花，是吗？You didnt go skating yesterday, did you? 你昨天没去滑冰，是吗？They cant finish it by Friday, can they? 他们不能在星期五之前完成，是吗？3. 含有否定词的陈述部分肯定附加疑问部分They seldom

3、come late, do they? 他们很少迟到，是吗？Little has been done to prevent pollution, has it? 几乎没有做什么来防止污染，是吗？He is unfit for his job, isnt he? 他不适合这项工作，是吗？He dislikes his classmates, doesnt he? 他不喜欢他的同学，是吗？4. 祈使句附加疑问部分 Come along with me , will you/ wont you ?/can you ?/ cant you? 跟我来，好吗？Dont make any noise, wi

4、ll you? 别出声，好吗？Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 让我们去听音乐，好吗？二、附加疑问句的回答附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。如：The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing, werent they? 第29届奥运会在北京举办的，是吗？Yes, they were(Yes, thats right) 是的，是在北京。(是的，那是对的。)David has been to a boxing match, hasnt he? 大卫去过拳击比赛现场，是吗？No,

5、he hasntHe always watches boxing on TV 不，他没有去过。他总是在电视上看拳击比赛。You cant cook, can you? 你不会做饭，是吗？Yes, I canIm good at cooking 不，我会。我擅长做饭。附加疑问句注意几种特殊情况：1. 当陈述部分主语是everyone/ everybody, someone/somebody, no one/ nobody, none等表示人的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分的主语多用they，但也可用he；当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothin

6、g等表示物的不定代词时，附加疑问句部分的主语用it。Nobody saw him walk into the room , did they?没人看见他走进房间，是吗？Everything has gone wrong today, hasnt it?今天什么都出了问题了，是不是？2. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that, these, those时，附加疑问句的主语不再用指示代词，而要用it或they。That isnt your dictionary, is it? 这不是你的字典，是吗？These are interesting stories, arent they?这些故

7、事很有趣，不是吗？3. 当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时，附加疑问句用“be (not) there”结构。There is a book on the desk, isnt there ?桌子上有本书，是吗？There are not any pens in the box, are there?盒子里没笔了，是吗？4. 当陈述句的谓语动词是have时，如果作“有”讲，附加疑问句用have或助动词do的形式；如果表示其他意思时，附加疑问句只用助动词do的形式。You have a nice house, havent/ dont you?你有一所很漂亮的房子，是吗？You

8、often have headaches, dont you?你经常头疼，是吗？We have to finish the work now, dont we?我们必须现在完成工作，是吗？They had a good time last night, didnt they? 他们昨天晚上玩得很开心，是吗？5. 当陈述句的谓语部分含有had better, would rather, would like, ought to时，附加疑问句的谓语动词要用相应的助动词。Youd better go now, hadnt you?你最好现在就走，是吗？Youd rather go there ear

9、ly, wouldnt you?你宁可早点去那里，不是吗？6. 当陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时，附加疑问句的谓语部分用didnt或usednt。He used to get up early, didnt/ usednt he?他过去起床很早，是吗?7.陈述句部分是主从复合句时，附加疑问句部分的代词和助动词要与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? 他不是给我们演讲的人，是吗？He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, can he? 由于很累，他几乎不能

10、保持醒着。This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isnt it? 这是他第二次去日本，是吗？He said that he would come to my birthday party, didnt he? 他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？8. 在宾语从句中，如果陈述句部分是“I (dont) think/ believe/ suppose/ imagine/ expect等+宾语从句”， 附加疑问句部分要与宾语从句的主谓保持一致，并且要注意否定转移（前肯后否，前否后肯）。We believe she can do it be

11、tter, cant she?我们相信她能做得更好，是吗？I dont think you have heard of him before, have you?我认为你以前没有听说过他，是吗？三、附加疑问部分的读法 陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调 ，但含义有所不同 。1. 用升调时，多表示疑问或请求The school team have won the gold medal, havent they? 校队获得了金牌，是吗？2. 用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意 。The school team have won the gold medal, havent th

12、ey? 校队获得了金牌，对吧？一、单项选择1.David never fights with his classmates, _?A. does heB. doesnt he C. isnt he2.Lets go to Disneyland in Shanghai in August, _ ?A. shall we B. will you C. wont you3. Nancy, sweep the classroom, _?A. dont you B. do you C. will you D. doesnt she4. Thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics

13、, Sochi is well-known, _?A. isnt it B. was it C. is it D. wasnt it5. Actually, I dont think Spiderman II is as interesting as the first, _? A. does it B. doesnt it C. isnt it D. is it6. Judys never been late for school, _ she? _. She is always the first to get to school every morning.A. is; Yes B. h

14、as; No C. isnt; Yes D. hasnt; No7. Hes already come back to Australia，_?Yes. We watched a movie together last night.A. isnt he B. doesnt he C. hasnt he D. has he8. I dont think she will agree with us, _ ?来源:学科网 A. will she B. wont she C. dont you D. do you9. Ibelievetheycanmakeeverything goodenough,

15、 _ ?来A.canthey B. cantthey C. do I D. dont I10. There is a beautiful park near your school, _ ? Yes. I often go walking there.A. isnt there B. is there C. is it D. isnt it二、完成对话1.Its Fathers Day today, _? _,_. lets buy a gift for Dad.2. Dont be late for school next time, _?_, _. Ill try to be on tim

16、e.3. There is a beautiful park near your school, _?_, _. I often go walking there.4. The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing, _? _, _.5. Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college, _?_, _. He first played in a team at senior high school.6. We forgot to bring our tickets, but let us ent

17、er, please, _?7. I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _?8. He couldnt finish the work ahead of time, _?9. Lets have a good rest, _?10. He never tells a lie, _?三、单句填空1.Visiting Canada had been our dream,but it was not until last year that we managed to make .2.It is reported that t

18、here will be e-sports event in our city next week.3.People bought water balloons filled blue paint and threw them at the runners.4.Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical (fit).5.If you want to lose weight,too,I recommend (do) exercise in the gym.6.Running for about half

19、 an hour around the track made me really (tire).7.Having been in the new school for two months,I still havent got used the life here.8.(million) of people are suffering from starvation in many African countries.9.Life is like a long race where we compete others to go beyond ourselves.10.I must first

20、 try my best (pass) the college entrance examination.答案详解一、单项选择1-5 AACAD 6-10 BCABA 二、完成对话1. isnt it; Yes, it is 2. will you; No, I wont 3. isnt there; Yes, there is 4. werent they; Yes, they were 5. didnt he; No, he didnt 6. will you? 7. didnt I? 8. could he? 9. shall we? 10. does he?三、单句填空1.it 2.a

21、n 3.with 4.fitness 5.doing/to do6.tired 7.to 8.Millions 9.with 10.to pass一、完形填空I was once on the swim team. I swam the fastest on my team. The only thing that stopped me from achieving a higher goal was my 1 of diving. Im afraid to dive into the swimming pool from the diving 2 . I hated going to swi

22、m practice because of those few minutes at the end when we would have to dive. I was 3 because I was allowed to 4 the swim team.When we moved to America, I was told to 5 a sport from basketball, volleyball, and track. I had been known as a fast 6 when I was younger, so I 7 track. I was fast enough t

23、o be encouraged to join the 100-metre race. 8 , because I had piano lessons every Monday and had to miss practice once a week, I was unable to 9 practice and a girl has taken my place. Track has gone away from me 10 I continued to miss practice to attend my 11 lessons.Gradually, I lost all 12 in spo

24、rt. I began to dislike gym class, even though it had been one of my 13 classes. I also hated 14 sports, such as basketball, volleyball. When I stopped playing sports, I began to get 15 . And I had stopped growing taller as well. I was very upset that my body became so 16 and fat. So I 17 to start ru

25、nning again. That summer, I felt very happy that I lost about twenty pounds.Keep on doing something is just a lesson of endurance(耐力) 18 you dont think youre very good at it. I did a bad job, I let small things, like diving boards, get in my 19 of achieving high goals.Play a sport and keep on doing

26、it. Persevere(坚持) and youll 20 in your life.1Alove Bperformance Cfear Dexperience2Asuit Bschool Cpool Dboard3Adelighted Bmoved Cpuzzled Dshocked4Ajoin Bleave Clead Dtrain5Achoose Bchange Cprevent Dreceive6Aswimmer Bdriver Crunner Ddiver7Acame up with Bgave in to Ckept up with Dsigned up for8AUnfortu

27、nately BSuddenly CLuckily DEspecially9Adeal with Bcare about Ckeep on Dgive up10Abefore Bas Cthough Dunless11Asport Blanguage Cscience Dmusic12Apower Binterest Cservice Dmoney13Afearful Bboring Cfavorite Dfunny14Ateam Bgym Cwater Dshooting15Aexcited Brude Cnervous Dfat16Ahealthy Bpretty Cstrong Dsho

28、rt17Aseemed Brefused Cdecided Dagreed18Aeven if Bas if Cbecause Dso19Ameans Bway Cgoal Dpurpose20Asucceed Bbelieve Csmile Dfail二、七选五Try This at Home!Are you looking for a new pastime that will create a balance between physical activity and relaxation? Then yoga may be the perfect choice for you. Yog

29、a can be practiced by people of all ages and levels of fitness.21 Its a great way to strengthen your muscles and become more flexible.In the 1930s, Indian Sri Tirumali and K. Pattabhi developed one of the most popular forms of yoga practised worldwide today. They worked together using an ancient San

30、sknt text called Yoga Korunta to create a set routine of yoga movements and breathing exercises. 22 Ashtanga is different from other forms of yoga. It is a very powerful form of aerobic (有氧的)exercise which creates deep heat in the body. 23 In other forms of yoga, however, the routine can change each

31、 time and the stretching exercises arent aerobic.24 As well as making you stronger and more flexible, it can also help you to stay calm. By focusing on your breathing while doing physical exercise, you are able to get a balance between mind and body. In addition, yoga helps to make us healthier so w

32、e are less likely to get common illnesses like colds.Furthermore, yoga encourages you to think about what youre doing. Often you will close your eyes while doing certain movements.25 After a few lessons youll stop looking at what the others around you are doing. You will stop comparing yourself and

33、start focusing on yourself.AIt can also be done anywhere at any time.BThe result of their co-operation was ashtanga yoga.CWhatever kind of yoga you choose, there are many long-term benefits.DThis allows you to concentrate better and it makes you less competitive.E.Every time someone practices ashtan

34、ga, he or she does exactly the same movements.F.If youre interested in yoga, but can find a class near you, then it might be an excuse to travel.G.Recently, it has become extremely common for beginners as well as advanced yoga students to go on yoga holidays.三、阅读选择Most of us lead unhealthy lives; we

35、 spend far too much sitting down. If in addition we are careless about our diets, our bodies soon become loose and fatty and our systems slow moving. There are some aspects (方面) of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushe

36、d meals and stress. But keeping fit is a way to reduce the effects of these evils. The usual suggestion to a person who is looking for a way to keep fit is to take up some sport or other. While it is true that every weekend you will find people playing football and hockey in the local park, they are

37、 outnumbered a hundred to one by the people who are simply watching them.For those who do not particularly enjoy competitive sportsand it is especially difficult to do so if you are not good at themthere are such separate activities as cycling, walking, jogging and swimming. What often happens thoug

38、h is that you do them in such a leisurely way, so slowly, that it is doubtful if you are doing yourself much good, except for the fact that you have at least managed to get up out of your armchair.Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only h

39、alf way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation. It has to do with deep breathing, emptying your mind of all thoughts, meditation, and so on. Yoga, as practiced in the West, is the most widely known and popular of the

40、 systems for achieving the necessary state of relaxation. It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activityphysical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the otherwhich were the natural way

41、 of life of our forefathers.26Pollution, noise and stress are examples of _.Acauses of unfitnessBbad features of living in citiesCthe things we can completely do away withDunavoidable things in town27To be healthy we must _.Akeep fit and active Bkeep fit and learn to relaxCbe active and practise Yog

42、a Dhave a sound mind28Our forefathers were healthy because _.Atheir way of life closely connected with both exercise and relaxationBthey were careful to get plenty of fresh airCthey spent most of the time out of doorsDtheir environment was not polluted29What would be the best title for the text?AHow

43、 to Keep Fit BHow to Learn to RelaxCHow to Live a Healthy Life DHow to Practice Yoga答案详解一、完形填空1-5 CDABA6-10 CDACB11-15 DBCAD16-20 DCABA【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从喜欢体育到讨厌体育的过程，最终又不得不继续锻炼。说明了只有坚持不懈，才会成功。1考查名词词义辨析。A. love喜欢；B. performance表现；C. fear害怕；D. experience经历。后面一句Im afraid to dive into the swimming po

44、ol from the diving _2_.是提示，由此可知，此处是说作者恐惧跳水。唯一阻止我实现更高目标的是我对跳水的恐惧。故选C。2考查动词词义辨析。A. suit套装；B. school学校；C. pool游泳池；D. board木板。作者不敢从跳水板上往水中跳。故选D。3考查形容词词义辨析。因为作者恐惧跳，所以当作者离开中国，离开游泳队的时候，她感到很高兴。故选A。4考查动词词义辨析。因为作者恐惧跳水，所以当作者离开中国，离开游泳队的时候，她感到很高兴。故选B。5考查动词词义辨析。到了美国之后，我被告诉只有篮球、排球和径赛可供选择。故选A。6考查名词词义辨析。后面讲到作者报名参加径赛

45、运动，并入选接力队，故可判断她跑得快。故选C。7考查动词短语词义辨析。A. came up with提出，想出；B. gave in to屈服于；C. kept up with跟上；D. signed up for报名参加。所以作者报名参加径赛运动。故选D。8考查副词词义辨析。根据后面的had to miss practice once a week和some other girl took it意外变化可知，不幸的是，因为作者星期一上钢琴课，一周不得不缺一次练习。故选A。9考查动词短语词义辨析。A. deal with处理；B. care about关心；C. keep on继续进行；D.

46、give up放弃。这里讲作者不能继续进行，被其他女孩取代了。故选C。10考查连词词义辨析。因为作者继续错过锻炼去上音乐课。故选B。11考查名词词义辨析。根据前面的because I had piano lessons every Monday可知，作者上的是钢琴课(音乐课)。故选D。12考查名词词义辨析。A. power力量；B. interest兴趣；C. service服务；D. money金钱。渐渐地，作者失去体育方面的所有兴趣。故选B。13考查形容词词义辨析。A. fearful害怕的；B. boring厌烦的；C. favorite最喜欢的；D. funny好玩的。作者开始不喜欢体

47、育课，尽管它曾经是她最喜欢的课。故选C。14考查名词词义辨析。从后面举的例子basketball, volleyball可以看出，这里指的是团队体育运动。作者也讨厌团队体育运动。故选A。15考查形容词词义辨析。后面I lost about twenty pounds是提示，说明作者停止运动以后，身体开始发胖了。故选D。16考查形容词词义辨析。A. healthy健康的；B. pretty漂亮的；C. strong强壮的；D. short短的。身体变得如此矮胖，作者很难过。故选D。17考查动词词义辨析。A. seemed看起来；B. refused拒绝；C. decided决定；D. agree

48、d同意。所以作者决定再次开始跑步。故选C。18考查连词词义辨析。A. even if即使；B. as if好像；C. because因为；D. so因此。坚持做某事只是耐力的一课，即使你认为你很不擅长它。故选A。19考查名词词义辨析。A. means方法；B. way路；C. goal目标；D. purpose目的。跳水板这样的小事阻碍了作者有所成就。get in ones way of意为挡的道,阻碍，符合语境。故选B。20考查动词词义辨析。A. succeed成功；B. believe相信；C. smile微笑；D. fail失败。坚持不懈，你会成功的。故选A。二、七选五21-25 ABE

49、CD【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项适合在家里做的有氧锻炼-阿斯汤加瑜伽。21根据空前“Yoga can be practiced by people of all ages and levels of fitness.”瑜伽可以供所有年龄段以及不同健康程度的人练习。A项中的also一词承上进一步说明了“瑜伽也可以供人们在任何时间、任何地点来做”。故选A。22根据空前“They worked together using an ancient Sansknt text called Yoga Korunta to create a set routine of yoga movements

50、 and breathing exercises. ”可知两位创始人合作共创了一套瑜伽动作和呼吸练习法。空后一段接着介绍了ashtanga。B项中的co-operation和ashtanga yoga与上下文信息呼应，起到了总结上文、开启下段的作用。故选B。23根据空后“ In other forms of yoga, however, the routine can change each time and the stretching exercises arent aerobic.”中的however表明前后为转折关系，该句中的the routine can change each ti

51、me与E项中的Every time. does exactly the same movements正好形成对比。故选E。24本段主要介绍了做瑜伽锻炼 能够给人带来的益处。C. Whatever kind of yoga you choose, there are many long-term benefits.“无论你选择哪种瑜伽，都会有长期的益处”，符合语境，故选C。25根据上下文可知，本段重点介绍了瑜伽具有使人注意力集中、减轻竞争压力的作用。D项“这能让你更好地集中注意力，降低你的竞争力。”既符合上下文语境，又起到了承上启下的作用。故选D。三、阅读选择26-29 BBAC【分析】这是一篇

52、说明文。文章介绍了如何过健康的生活：积极锻炼和心态放松。26细节理解题。根据文章第一段关键句“There are some aspects (方面) of our unhealthy lives that we cannot avoid. I am thinking of such features of modern city life as pollution, noise, rushed meals and stress.”可知，污染、噪音、匆忙的用餐和压力是现代城市生活的一些特点，是一些不健康的生活方式，由此可知，污染、噪音和压力是生活在城市中的不良特征的一些例子。故选B项。27细节理

53、解题。根据文章最后一段关键句“Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation.”可知，专家认为，为了保持健康，除了要通过运动来保持身材外，还需要学会放松身心，由此可知，为了健康，我

54、们必须健身和学会放松。故选B项。28细节理解题。根据文章最后一段关键句“It seems ironical (讽刺性的), though, that as our lives have improved in a material sense we have found it increasingly necessary to go back to forms of activityphysical effort on the one hand and relaxation on the otherwhich were the natural way of life of our forefa

55、thers.”可知，为了保持健康，我们需要回归到我们祖先的生活方式上，那就是体力劳动和放松相结合的生活方式，由此可知，我们的祖先是健康的，因为他们的生活方式与锻炼和放松密切相关。故选A项。29主旨大意题。通读全文，结合根据文章最后一段关键句“Even after you have found a way for keeping in shape, through sport or gymnastics, you are still only half way to good health, because, according to the experts, you must also master the art of complete mental and physical relaxation.”可知，本文主要介绍的是在城市生活中，如何保持健康，我们即需要运动，又需要学会放松，“How to Live a Healthy Life”意为“如何过健康的生活”，选项能够概括文章的主要内容。故选C项。