Unit 3.同步资料含课文翻译-【帮课堂】2021-2022学年高一英语同步精品讲义（上教版必修二）.docx

1、Unit 3 Progress? 同步课文资料ObjectivesA.Reading and interactionExplain the influence of globalization on peoples livesB.Grammar activityUse the verb-ing form as the adverbial correctly in the given contextC.Listening and speakingExpress personal ideas about a business projectD.WritingWrite a formal email

2、 of enquiry using appropriate language and formatE.Cultural focusRetell the history of the English languageExplain the use of English in South Africa and WakesA.Reading and interactionPre-reading activity1.Before you read,choose a foreign country you know.Think about how it is different from or simi

3、lar to China.Tick one or two aspects below and talk about them in groups.the buildingsthe climatethe languagethe foodthe musicthe clothesthe peopleothers:2.Look at the table below.Guess the world population of each year.Then find the information in the passage and complete the table.World population

4、 growthYearNumber8000 BCE million1805 CE billion19272 billion1987 billion19996 billion2011 million2100 millionGoing globalThe worlds population reached five billion on the day I was born. That was in Indonesia back in 1987, and my parents were amazed that there were so many people on the planet. How

5、ever,since then the population has continued to increase at an alarming rate. (at a/an rate ,以的速度)In October 2011, the seven billionth baby was born, and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century.A number as big as seven billion is hard to imagine. If you sa

6、id “hello” to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. If seven billion people made a human chain with their hands, the chain would go to the moon and back nine times.The growth of our human population is surprising. For more than two million year

7、s, humans moved around, finding plants to eat and hunting animals for meat（此处是现在分词做目的状语；现在分词作状语是本单元的语法新内容）. Then, just 10,000 years ago, we invited agriculture. At that time, there were only about five million humans, but this figure quickly doubled（double此处做不及物动词，表示翻倍）. The population reached a bil

8、lion in 1805, and since then it has multiplied （multiply adj. 多层的；多样的vt. 乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘vi. 乘；繁殖；增加）seven times. Experts believe that about 6% of all the humans that have ever lived are alive right now.The human population has never been bigger, but in some ways the plant seems to be getting significa

9、ntly （significantly adv. 显著地；相当数量地）smaller. In the past, travellers from Europe to Indonesia spent months at sea. Now you just have to sit on a plane for a few hours. When you arrived in another country a hundred years ago, you saw unfamiliar styles of clothing and buildings and discovered a complet

10、ely different culture. In many places today, clothing and new buildings are very similar, and people enjoy the same sports,music,films and TV shows.We also buy the same productssmartphones,big burgers and T-shirtsfrom huge,global companies.Although we are on different continents, we are to a large e

11、xtent （在很大程度上；extent n. 程度；范围；长度）starting to live the same lives（live the same lives, 过着相同的生活，该短语为同源宾语，即谓语和宾语属于同根词，类似的还有 die a heroic death）.Even the languages that we use are becoming more global. There are around seven thousand languages in use today. But the number is decreasing fast. I grew up i

12、n a small village where everyone spoke Baras, one of Indonesias local languages. Today like most of the youth from my village, I live in the capital, Jakarta,and speak Indonesian there.The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country,so the language is t

13、hreatened with (be threaten with 受威胁) extinction. The same thing is happening around the world. Experts think that the number of different languages will halve to just 3,500 by the end of this century.（by 后跟时间点多用完成时；本句是“by+将来的时间点”，主句时态用的是将来完成时。）Where will it stop? Will there be a time in the future

14、when Earths billions all speak just one language, and there are no cultural differences to divide us? Perhaps the planet would be more peaceful if this happened, but I must admit that the idea is quite disappointing, somehow. I prefer to think that, as our population grows（as引导时间状语从句；表示随着）, we can c

15、elebrate not the similarity but the wonderful differences of the human race.【参考翻译】走向全球在我出生的那一天，世界人口达到了50亿。那是1987年在印度尼西亚，我的父母对地球上有这么多的人感到很惊讶。然而，自那时起，人口以惊人的速度继续增长。2011年10月，第70亿个婴儿出生了，专家预测本世纪末将有100亿个婴儿。70亿这样大的数字是难以想象的。如果你每一秒钟都对另一个人说“你好”，那么你要花222年才能和地球上的每一个人打招呼。如果70亿人用他们的手制造一条人类链，这条链将往返月球9次。我们人口的增长是惊人的。

16、在两百多万年的时间里，人类到处迁徙，寻找植物吃，猎取动物吃肉。然后，就在一万年前，我们引进了农业。当时，世界上只有大约500万人口，但这个数字很快就翻了一番。人口在1805年达到10亿，从那时起增长了7倍。专家们相信，现在的人口总数已经快要达到历史人口总数的6%。人类人口从来没有像现在这么多，但从某些方面来说，这个星球似乎正变得越来越小。过去，从欧洲到印度尼西亚的旅行者要在海上度过几个月的时间。现在你只需要在飞机上坐几个小时。当你在100年前到达另一个国家时，你看到了不熟悉的服装和建筑风格，发现了完全不同的文化。今天，在许多地方，服装和新建筑非常相似，人们享受同样的运动、音乐、电影和电视节目。

17、我们还会从大型跨国公司购买同样的产品智能手机、大汉堡和t恤。虽然我们生活在不同的大陆上，但在很大程度上，我们开始过着同样的生活。甚至我们使用的语言也变得越来越全球化。现在大约有7000种语言在使用。但是这个数字正在快速下降。我在一个小村庄长大，那里每个人都说印尼当地语言Baras。今天，像我们村里的大多数年轻人一样，我住在首都雅加达，说印尼语。目前，Baras语言的定期使用者只有那些留在这个国家的老年人，所以这种语言正面临灭绝的威胁。同样的事情正在世界各地发生。专家认为，到本世纪末，不同语言的数量将减少一半，仅剩3500种。它会停在哪里?将来会不会有那么一天，地球上的几十亿人都说一种语言，没有

18、文化差异把我们分开?也许这个星球会更和平，但我必须承认，这个想法是相当令人失望的。我更倾向于认为，随着人口的增长，我们可以庆祝的不是人类的相似之处，而是人类美妙的差异。Comprehension work1.Read the passage and answer the questions.(1)By how much old the population increase from 1987 to 2011? (2)Why did the population start growing quickly after 8000 BCE? (3)Why does the writer say “

19、the planet seems to be getting significantly smaller”? (4)How many languages does the writer probably speak? (5)Why are languages disappearing around the world? (6)Does the writer prefer to live in a world with no cultural differences?Why? 2.Read the summary below and fill in each blank with a suita

20、ble word based on the language of the passage.You may change the form if necessary.The writer of the passage points out that with the rising number of people on our planet,the world seems to be getting smaller.Thanks to globalization,different places around the world are becoming increasingly simila

21、r.The worlds reached five billion in 1987,and it has been increasing at a(n) rate ever since then.The past 10,000 years have witnessed not only the surprising of the human population,but also a great change in our way of living. Has become more convenient with the invention of planes.People from dif

22、ferent can enjoy the same productssmartphones,big burgers and T-shirtsmade by large, companies.Meanwhile,the number of languages is fast.As a result,many local languages that used to be spoken in many small villages or towns are With extinction.Experts predict that by the end of this century,the 7,0

23、00 languages in use today will to just about 3,500.The writer finally argues that human beings should not only similarity but also take measures to protect our wonderful differences.Deep reading1.Read the passage again.Study sentences (1)-(4) and think about how the writer makes his argument.Complet

24、e the table in pair.Pay attention to the words in bold.You may use the example below to help you.In October 2011,the seven billionth baby was born,and experts predict that there will be ten billion of us before the end of this century.Guiding questions:Why does the writer mention these figures?You m

25、ay ask and respond like this:A:Why does the writer mention those figures in the passage?B:Which figures?A: “Seven billionth” and “ten billion”.B:I think the writer wants to say something about the growth of the population.A:I think youre absolutely right.These figures will make it easier for us to u

26、nderstand the alarming rate of increase.B:Yes,And they also make the writers argument stronger.(1)If you said “hello” to a different person every second,it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet.Guiding question:Why does the writer mention the imagined situation?My explanations:(2)

27、In the past,travellers from Europe to Indonesia spend months at sea.Now you just have to sit on a plane for a few hours.Guiding question:What is the writers purpose of contrasting travel in the past with that in modern times?My explanations:(3)I grew up in a small village where everyone spoke Baras,

28、one of Indonesias local languages . The only regular Baras speakers at present are the older people who have stayed in the country,.Guiding question:What does the writer imply about the Baras language?My explanations:(4)Where will it stop?Will there be a time in the future when Earths billions all s

29、peak just one language,and there are no cultural differences to divided us?Guiding question:What is the writers purpose for raising these questions?My explanations:3.Work in pairs and discuss the questions.(1)Why is globalization unavoidable and what are the major challenges? (2)What would you prefe

30、r,a world with fewer or more cultural differences?Why? Mini-projectConducting an interview about globalizationWork in groups.Refer to your own experience and conduct an interview on the topic “How has globalization changed our lives?”Select one or two aspects from the list below.food/local language/

31、festivals/technology/transport/housingEach member interviews two or three students regarding the selected aspects.Bring together the findings of your group.Select one person to report on behalf of your group.My reportGlobalization has made a great impact on food in our city,and many changes have tak

32、en place.In the past,we ate lots of traditional food,such as xiaolongbao and spring rolls.Today,food from all over the world is available in the supermarket,and online,which makes it easier for us to enjoy a rich variety of meal options.However,international fast food is becoming more and more popul

33、ar.Many teenagers often feel the desire to eat quick meals in fast food restaurants.My report Focus on language1.Some verbs are used to talk about statistics.Find these verbs in the passage with the help of the definitions below and write them in the blanks.(1)to reduce something by a half (2)to bec

34、ome twice as much or as many as (3)to become smaller in number or size (4)to increase by a large number or amount (5)to become or make something greater in number,amount,value,etc. 2.Replace the words and phrases in italics with the correct form of the words below.divideincreaseextinctiondoubledecre

35、asehalverateextentDuring the 21st century,the world population has grown at an average (1) speed of around 1.2% per year.To some (2) degree,all countries will see changes in population over the coming decades.However,these changes will be different from country to country.There are some countries th

36、at population experts are especially interested in,and these can be (3) separated into two groups:those where the population is rapidly getting bigger,and those where it is getting smaller.Many of the worlds countries and in the first group.The population has (4) become a bigger number most rapidly

37、in Africa and parts of Asia.For example,in Myanmat,there were 27.9 million people in 1971,but now there are 56.5 million:the population has (5) become twice as big.Japan and several countries in Eastern Europe are in the second group.The population of Ukraine (6) became a smaller number from 52 mill

38、ion in 1990 to 43.9 million in 2020.Experts have calculated that,in Europe as a whole,the number of births per woman (7) became twice as small from about 2.8 in 1950 to 1.4 in 2005.High population growth can have a negative impact on the environment:for example,some wild animals may be threatened wi

39、th (8) dying out completely.Countries with falling populations may face different problems.They will have a larger share of elderly people and fewer people of working age,and this may be bad for the economy.However,if governments start preparing for the future,these problems will be less serious.(1)

40、 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) B.Grammar activityThe verb-ing form as the adverbialA clause with verb-ing can be used as an adverbial after the main clause.The girl sat on the beach,watching the sunset.Grammar reference (p.88)1.Read the passage.Match clauses 1-4 to grammar rules a and b and complete r

41、ule a.The young entrepreneurs guideLots of people dream of having their own business,but what do they have to do to become entrepreneurs?Have a cool business ideaYoull enjoy your business more if it does something that really interests you,so use your hobbies for ideas.Sixteen-year-old Michelle Coak

42、ley from Ireland loved jewellery and her friend Jade Kearney was interested in environmental issues.Sharing a creative spirit,Michelle and Jade decided to start their own fashion company.Together they designed and sold eco-friendly jewellery,but they faced many difficult challenges and had trouble f

43、inding customers at first.Not wanting to give up,the two girls worked incredibly hard and managed to sell 1,500 of jewellery in a short time!Balance work and studyYou have to work hard to build a business,but you mustnt forget your schoolwork either.Even if your business is successful,its a good ide

44、a to graduate first,as youll probably need some skills and knowledge in the future.There are exceptions,but they are not common.Being a skilled programmer,Bill Gates was able to start his own company and later became the worlds richest man.However,he was already one of the best in his field when he

45、gave up his studies.The lesson from this is that you need skills and knowledge,otherwise it will be hard to succeed.Ask for helpYou dont have to do all the work yourself.Family members are often happy to help,and school friends too.Plus,you dont have to limit yourself to people in your town.Having s

46、tarted out by writing a blog.Monik Pamecha ended up running a technology website in India with 26 writers from all around the world at the age of 13.a.Clauses with verb-ing forms can be used to indicate the cause or reason for the action in the main clause.The negative form is +verb-ing. b.Clauses w

47、ith having+verb-ed form can be used to show that the action happened before the one in the main clause. 2.Complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs below.be(2)graduatestart offtestwant(2)The Santa Clara Valley,south-east of San Francisco,in California,is world-famous,but under a differ

48、ent name. A centre for electronics since the 1950s,the area was the natural start of a technological revolution based around silicon chips.This led to the birth of the name Silicon Valley.In the 1970s,a number of small tech companies were set up. As hobby companies,they eventually became incredibly

49、successful.This success encouraged rich people to put money in more and more new technology companies. one of the best universities in the world,Stanford has been able to provide Silicon Valley with skilled graduates.Many of them go on to start technology companies.Arun Sharma is an example of a Sil

50、icon Valley entrepreneur. to find a job in an American tech company,Arun applied for a masters degree at Stanford.However,he quickly realized that he wanted to do something different after finishing his studies. from Stanford,he instead decided to start a company with a friend.Arun and his partner w

51、ere both concerned about global issues. to focus on the rich world,the two entrepreneurs chose the develop solar-power batteries for poor people in India. this idea with a small number of customers,Arun believed that his idea would work.He is now looking for money to fund his idea and hopes to put h

52、is products into the market sometime next year.3.Look around the classroom and out of the window.Describe a thing/person creatively in two sentences.Then put them together,changing one of them into a verb-ing clause.You may use the example below and the expressions in brackets to help you.The pictur

53、es sit on the wall.They watch us grow day in and day out.Sitting on the wall,the pictures watch us grow day in and day out.(1)(window . look at the sky . dream of places in the distance) (2)(desk . best friend . stand .) (3) Now ask three classmates about their descriptions.Select the most creative

54、one to report.You may ask questions like this:What did you describe?You may respond like this:I described my best friend,Liping: “Looking at his history book,Liping dreamt about the world two thousand years ago.”You may report like this:The best description is Linlins.She said, “I had a bad result i

55、n the exam,but my little mirror smiled,wiping the tears off my face.”C.Listening and speaking1.It is said the Sioux,a group of Native Americans in North America like to put a thing above their bed at night to help them sleep well.Guess what it is.Listen and check you answer.a dream killera dreamcatc

56、hera dream keepera dream creator2.Listen to the interview again.Tick what are connected to the making of the thing in exercise stringbamboonightmarescirclewoodmudclothribbonsfeathers3.Listen again.Take notes and complete the table.FunctionWhat is it used for?Production processWhat are the steps to m

57、ake it?PlaceWhere do they make this product?What are the rules for using this place?SalesHow do they sell the product?4.Imagine that you are going to take part in the Innovation Competition “Flying Your Dreams”.Think of an ideal product and create a business plan for designing and selling it.Work in

58、 groups.You may follow the steps below.Brainstorm different product ideas on your own.Share ideas within your group.Decide on the best idea and make a business plan.Select one person to report on behalf of your group.Language guideYou may ask your group members like this:What product would you like

59、to create?Why would you like to produce it?Whats special about it?What can we use it for/do with it?Where and how do you plan to make it?How long does it take to make it?How will you sell it?Will it sell well?How can you be sure?You may respond to your group members like this:I would like to .I have

60、 to .I can use . to make it.First . Then .Each takes about . to make.We mustnt .We dont have to .D.WritingCome and study English this summer in the lovely seaside town of Morsham.Four week courses start on 14 July and 10 August.Cost:900 including room and board,and fun evening and weekend activities

61、Contact Morsham College for more details.1.Study the advertisement above.Imagine that you want to take an English course in the UK.You need to write a formal email to Morsham College.You may prepare your writing by thinking about the enquiries below.Select three enquiries for your email.friend lives

62、 in Brightonhow far?weekend visit?never do sportother evening activities?dont want to share a bedroomcost more?want to have familiar foodChinese food provided?2.Read sample emails A and B.Then complete the table on page 53 before you write.Email AFrom:Li MingDate:21 MayTo:Morsham CollageSubject:Engl

63、ish course this summerHi there,I saw your advert in English Now.Your courses sound cool.Please tell me more about room and board.The advert says that youll find me somewhere to stay.Will this be with an English family,or with other international students?It would be cool to stay with an English fami

64、ly because I could practise my English with them.Whats the food like?Im not used to milk and ice cream.And there any milk-free options at the cafe?As Im on holiday from 20 July to 3 September and I mustnt miss any days of school,I cant do either of your four-week courses.If I did the 10 August cours

65、e for just three weeks,would it be cheaper?Thanks a lot for your help.Please write soon!Love,Li MingEmail BFrom:Zhang HuiDate:19 MayTo:Morsham CollegeSubject:English courseDear Sir or Madam,I am writing to find out more about the English language courses advertised in English Now.Since my friend liv

66、es in Morsham,I have the choice of staying at her house.If I did not stay in the college,would the course cost less?How much would I have to pay for four weeks?My school examinations have a lot of writing tasks.Therefore,I would like to work on my writing skills,Will your course give much help with

67、writing?The advertisement mentions fun evening and weekend activities.Please could you give me some information about these,including any trips that you organize?I have to book my flight to England by the end of this month.As a result,I would be very grateful if you could reply as soon as possible.I

68、 look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,Zhang HuiAspects of writingGuiding questionsMy explorationContentWhat is the purpose of each email?What are the enquiries in each email about?What are the reasons for the enquiries?LanguageWhich email is formal and which informal?What language is us

69、ed to make one email more formal than the other?How do the two writers show politeness in their own way?EditingWhy do the emails need a subject heading?Where did the writers put it?3.Now write your own formal email of enquiry.From: Date: To: Subject: E.Cultural focusGlobalization has a huge influenc

70、e on all aspects of life,including language.Some languages spread across the world,while others become extinct.For decades,people across the globe have worked hard to protect the diversity of the worlds languages and cultures.In this section,you will first read a passage about the history of the Eng

71、lish language.You will then watch a video about the role of English in different countries.1.Study subheadings a-e,and match them to the paragraphs.Write the letters in the blanks.a.Whats next for English?b.How did it become a world language?c.Why English?d.What is English,anyway?e.How many English

72、speakers are there altogether?2.Complete the timeline according to the passage.The development of the English language5th centuryAnglo-Saxons arrived in England and English developed from different types of Germanic languages.11th century21st centuryAll you need to know about EnglishIf you were trav

73、elling around the world and had time to learn only one language in addition to your mother tongue,which language would you choose?English,of course!1. If you were only interested in talking to native speakers,Chinese would definitely be a better choice.Over 1.2 billion people speak Chinese as their

74、first language,compared with less than 400 million who speak English.However,English would be very helpful if you werent in China.You can usually find English translations at major tourist sites and airports all around the world.If you needed information from the Internet.English would be useful too

75、.About 56% of all web pages are in English.Whats more,English is an official language in over 50 different countries,which together cover more than 28% of all the land on our planet.2. About 1.5 billion,about 20% of the worlds population.That includes native speakers,people who are fluent speakers i

76、n countries where English is an official language,like India,Nigeria and Singapore,and all the people who have learnt it as a foreign language at school.3. Several groups of people arrived in England in the fifth century,from Germany and Denmark.We now call them the Anglo-Saxons.English developed fr

77、om different types of Germanic languages that they spoke.Later,in the 11th century,the Normans from northern France took control of England,and about 10,000 French words became part of the English language.English also took lots of words from Latin,and some words from ancient Greek and other languag

78、es.4. It started to spread around the world when the British went to live in North America in the 17th century,and later in Australia,New Zealand and South Africa.The British also took control of parts of Asia,the Caribbean and Africa,and people there had to learn English.In the 20th century,the spr

79、ead of English continued because people from all over the world wanted to exchange ideas with each other,in a wide range of areas such as trade,education and science.5. Today,English is becoming the main language for lessons in more and more schools and universities around the world,because many bel

80、ieve that fluent English is very important for people.It will help them communicate and make friends with people from other countries,and it will also give them more opportunities to learn and further develop their skills.In this century,at least,English as a global language is here to stay.3.Read t

81、he passage again and choose the correct answers.(1)English is believed to be very helpful because .a.more and more people use Englishb.it is easier to use English with the translations in public placesc.English is an international languaged.about 56% of all web pages are in English(2)According to th

82、is passage,there are three types of English speakers.They are .a.American English speakers,British English speakers and the speakers of other English varietiesb.British English speakers,Indian Nigerian and Singaporean English speakers,and American,Australian,and New Zealand English speakersc.British

83、 and American English speakers,Indian,Nigerian and Singaporean English speakers,and Asian English speakersd.native English speakers,fluent English speakers using English as a second language,and people learning English as a foreign language(3)From paragraphs 2-5,what can we finally conclude about th

84、e English language?a.English,being influenced by many other languages,is changing all the time.b.Some people were forced to use English after the 17th century.c.English plays a limited rote in international communication.d.British and American English have different spellings.4.Discuss the questions

85、 in groups and share your ideas with the class.Do you know any dying dialects?What are they?What can we do to protect them? Video (World English)Start checking1.Answer the questions.(1)What foreign languages can you learn at school?(2)What other languages would you like to learn?Why?Comprehension ch

86、eck2.Watch the video.Which sentences are about South Africa (SA) and which ones are about Wales (W)?Write SA or W next to each sentence.(1)English isnt the first language of most of the population. (2)Only 8% of the population speaks English as a first language. (3)Most students usually speak Englis

87、h together outside school. (4)In some schools,students mustnt speak English in class. (5)All the road signs are in two languages. (6)The country has got 11 official languages. (7)Most people speak English as a second,third or fourth language. Vocabulary3.Complete the sentences with the words below.c

88、apitalfirstforeignmultilingualofficialAfrikaans(1)Zulu,Xhosa and are all South African languages.(2)Cardiff is the city of Wales.(3)People who work abroad often have to speak a language.(4)English is not the language of most people in South Africa.(5)People in a country,such as Switzerland,speak sev

89、eral different languages.(6)People usually have to use the language of a country for polices.Extension4.Work in two groups.You are going to discuss this statement: “Putonghua should be used more than local dialects.” One group will agree with the statement and the other group will disagree with it.(

90、1)Choose one person in your group to write down your ideas.In your group,think of as many arguments (for or against) as possible and write them down.(2)Now choose your five best arguments.Give real-life examples to support your arguments,if possible.(3)Start the discussion.One person in your group s

91、hould give a short speech,presenting your arguments.He/She should talk for one to two minutes.(4)When both groups have finished their speeches,you can respond to each others arguments.(5)At the end of the discussion,each person in the class should vote for or against the statement.You do not have to

92、 agree with the ideas in your group.Self-assessmentUse the checklist and reflective questions below to evaluate your study in this unit.Reflective questionsHave you noticed that the verb-ing as the adverbial usually requires its subject to be the same as that of the sentence?Is this easy for you to understand?If not,how do you plan to solve this problem?