Unit 4Why don't you talk to your parents知识清单（思维导图）-【上好课】2022-2023学年八年级英语下册同步备课系列（人教新目标Go For It!）.docx

1、Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?重要知识点清单 知识清单【精讲01 词汇】 1.allow v. 允许，准许常用结构：2. find v 发现 find后常接复合宾语，即宾语宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词等充当，find后的宾补一般不用不定式，但可用to be，且常可省略。I find her an easy woman to work with. 我发现她是个好共事的女人。We find the story（to be）very interesting. 我们发现这个故事很有趣。【辨析】 find sb doing sth 与

2、find sb do sth 3. althoughalthough作连词，意为虽然；尽管；即使，引导让步状语从句。与though同义。 正：Although/Though he is in poor health, he works hard.正：He is in poor health, but he works hard.误：Although/Though he is in poor health, but he works hard.4. argue v. 争论；争吵 5. elder adj “年级较长的”elder形容词，是old的一种比较级形式，主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系

3、。His elder sister is at school. 他姐姐在上学。【易混辨析】 elder olderelderolder作用范围elder表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”，只能用来指人，且仅用于同一家庭成员的比较。My younger son is five and my elder son is nine.我的小儿子5岁，大儿子9岁。 My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.我哥哥年仅15负就参了军。older则不限于此。既可修饰人，也可修饰物。 Tom is two years older than I

4、.汤姆比我年长两岁。This dog is older than any other dogs here.这条狗在这里是最老的一条。 句法功能elder在句中只用作定语，不作表语.My elder sister does her homework all by herself. 我的姐姐独自做作业。 His elder son got married last week. 他的长子是上星期结婚的。 older两者皆可。 I think his mother is older. 我认为他的母亲年龄大。 I have a sister older than myself.我有位比我大的姐姐。 6.

5、 instead是副词，意为代替，顶替，反而，却。I dont like blue. Give me a red one instead. 我不喜欢蓝色。给我换个红的吧。The TV program is boring, lets play soccer instead. 这个电视节目很无聊，咱们还是踢足球吧。【易混辨析】7. whatever pron. 任何(事物)；每样(事物)。Whatever happens, I wont change my mind. 不管发生什么事，我都不会改变主意的。whatever相当于no matter what，引导让步状语从句。No matter wh

6、at/Whatever you say, well carry on the experiment. 不管你说什么，我们都要继续试验。8. offer作动词，意为主动提出；自愿给予，常见结构为offer to do sth主动提出做某事；offer sb sth或offer sth to sb 为某人提供某物。You can offer him a piece of advice. 你可以给他一条建议。The little boy offered his seat to an old lady on the crowded bus. 在拥挤的公共汽车上，小男孩主动把他的座位让给一位年老的女士。

7、【易混辨析】provide，give和offer的区别三个词均有供给；供应之意，区别主要在结构上。9.return 作及物动词，意为归还，相当于give. back。短语return sb sth = return sth to sb，意为把某物归还给某人。He was almost running out of his money when he returned to Beijing. 当他回到北京的时候，钱几乎快花光了。【注意】return是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。10. leave leave (left, left ) 意为“遗留；落下”，常用结构为“leave

8、sth. + 介词短语（地点状语）”，表示“把某物遗忘在某处”。I left my bag in the classroom. 我把我的包忘在教室里了。【易混辨析】 leave / forget11. continue continue意为继续；持续，其现在分词形式是continuing，过去式和过去分词是continued，相当于go on。常构成短语continue to do sth和continue doing sth。The rain continued falling/to fall all afternoon. 这场雨整整一下午都下个不停。After a short break

9、the play continued. 经过短暂的休息以后，戏剧继续上演。【知识拓展】continue作及物动词continue sth 继续某事Lets continue our meeting. 让我们继续开会吧。12. push 13.cause cause用作及物动词，意为造成；引起。cause sb to do sth意为导致某人做某事。What causes the pain on earth, Dr. Bill? 比尔大夫，究竟是什么引起这种疼痛？The accident didnt cause him to change his mind. 这次意外并没有使他改变主意。【易混辨

10、析】14. development development作名词，意为发展；发育；成长，常用作不可数名词。常用短语：with the development of.意为随着的发展。Education plays an important part in the history of humankinds development. 教育在人类发展史中起着重要作用。With the development of the Internet, computers play an important part in peoples life. 随着因特网的发展，电脑在人们的生活中扮演着重要的角色。学科&

11、网【知识拓展】 15.perhaps adv. 可能；大概；也许 一般位于句首。Perhaps some day he will be rich. 也许有朝一日他会富起来。【易混辨析】【精讲02 短语】 1. look through浏览，看一遍，翻阅。 Look through this article and tell us what you think of it. 把这篇文章浏览一下，然后告诉我们你的看法。 Please look through your note to make sure that you are right. 请查看你的笔记以确保正确。【知识拓展】2. big d

12、ealbig deal是英语中的一个固定搭配，表示 重要的事情或状况，多用于非正式交流。作否定用法时，常说Its not a big deal.或Its no big deal. 表示说话人并不认为某事有什么了不起。Theres a soccer game on TV this evening but I dont have to watch it. Its no big deal. 今天晚上电视上有一场足球赛，但我不一定要看。没什么大不了的。 Its a big deal, David, bigger than you know. 这事挺重要的，戴维，比你所知道的要重要。【知识拓展】deal

13、还可作动词，意为处理，deal with处理。提问时，常与how连用。Why dont you learn to deal with the problem by yourself? 你为什么不学着独自处理这个问题呢？3. compete with意为“和竞争”，compete with，“和.竞争”后面跟竞争对手compete in意为“在（方面）竞争”，后面常跟比赛compete for “为了.而竞争”compare.to.表示把比作，to后用名词或代词作为比作的对象，常含有比喻、类比之意。We can compete with the best teams. 我们能与最好的队竞争。We

14、 will compete for the business.我们会在业务上竞争。Hes hoping to compete in the London marathon. 他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。A teacher is often compared to a candle. 教师常被比作蜡烛。【图解记忆】4. not. until.意为直到才，until作介词，句中的谓语动词常为非延续性动词，表示动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。until还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。She cant leave until Friday. 直到星期五她才能离开。I wont go to sle

15、ep until the match is over. 直到比赛结束我才会去睡觉。I didnt do my homework until my mother came back from work last night. 昨晚直到我妈妈下班回来我才做家庭作业。5.send sb to sp.意为 把某人送往某地 He sent his son to a good school. 他把他儿子送到了一所好学校。 【精讲03 句子】 1. Whats wrong? 怎么了？(1) wrong形容词， 意为“有毛病，错误的”，反义词为right(正确的)。Sorry, I must have dia

16、lled the wrong number.对不起，我一定是拨错电话号码了。(2) Whats wrong?是口语中的常用句型，其主要用法有：Whats wrong用法1.用于询问某人有什么问题或有什么不顺心的事，意为“怎么了？/出了什么事？哪儿不舒服？”Whats wrong, Jack? 杰克，怎么了？I left my bag on the bus. 我把包忘在公交车上了。2.用于询问某物出了什么毛病，意为“出了什么毛病？”Whats wrong with your car? 你的车出了什么毛病？2. Well, you should call him so that you can s

17、ay youre sorry.哦，你应该给他打个电话，以便你可以说声抱歉。so that “以便”，引导一个表示目的的状语从句，此时可与 in order that 换用。从句谓语中常用情态动词 may/might, can/could, should, would 等，主从句没有逗号相隔。Ill give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself. 我会给你所有的事实以便你可以自己判断。so that“因此，所以”，引导一个表示结果的状语从句，此时不能与 in order that 换用；从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态，主从句

18、间可有逗号相隔。Everyone lent a hand, so that the work was finished in a few minutes. 每个人都帮了忙，所以工作在几分钟内就完成了。3.Well, I guess you could tell her to say sorry. 哦，我想你可以要她道歉。guess v. 猜测；估计。在复合句中，当主句含有I think/guess/believe等时，从句的否定意义应在主句上变化，一般疑问句也在主句上变化，从句无需变化；反意疑问句的主语和助动词要看从句，但此时否定和肯定要看主句，即否定的转移。I dont guess it w

19、ill rain. 我估计不会下雨。Do you guess I can work out the problem? 你认为我能算出这道题？I guess the boy can swim, cant he? 我猜这个男孩会游泳，对不对？【易混辨析】【图解助记】4. My problem is that I cant get on with my family. 我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。（1） 本句含有表语从句，that I cant get on with my family为表语从句，在句子中作is的表语，对My problem进行说明。表语从句是在主从复合句中作表语的从句，常

20、位于连系动词be，look等的后面。引导表语从句的词除了that外，还有what，whether，when，why，where，how等。表语从句和宾语从句一样，要用陈述语序。The problem is whether he will come. 问题是他是否会来。This is what we need. 这正是我们所需要的。（2）get on (along) with sb表示和某人相处。 get on (along) well with sb表示和某人相处得融洽，反义词组get on badly with sb表示和某人相处得不融洽。He gets on well with his b

21、oss. 他和他的老板相处得很好。Mrs Black gets along well with her neighbors. 布莱克夫人和邻居们相处得很好。【知识拓展】get on with sth表示某事进展、进行的意思。 How are you getting on with your studies? 你的学习进展得怎样？5. You should explain that you dont mind him watching TV all the time. 你应该说明你不介意他总是看电视。（1） explain“解释，说明”。explain sth. to sb. 意为“向某人解释某

22、事/某物”。其名词形式为explanation（解释）。It was difficult to explain the problem to beginners. 对初学者解释这个问题很难。（2）mind sb. doing sth. 意为“介意某人做某事”。Do your parents mind your leaving home? 你父母舍得你离开家吗？6. The Taylors are a typical American family. 泰勒一家是一个典型的美国家庭。（1）the+姓氏的复数形式指该姓氏夫妇二人或全家人，是复数含义，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。The Whites

23、enjoy living in China. 怀特一家人很喜欢在中国生活。The Zhangs are both doctors. 张家夫妇都是医生。学科&网（2）typical为形容词，意为典型的。 He is a typical Englishman. 他是个典型的英国人。 【精讲04 语法】1.提建议2.although, so that及until引导的状语从句【精讲05 写作】1. 话题分析本单元的写作任务是要求会写关于提建议的短文。写这类短文时，首先应该掌握常用的提建议的句型，根据一定的情景，明确提建议的方法，在根据所提供的具体信息进行合理的发挥，是句子通顺流畅、意思完整。2.词汇

24、积累3佳句荟萃【典例范文】 一、书信作文（2022春浙江杭州八年级校联考期中）假如你是Peter，你的好朋友Li Hua写信给你，向你倾诉他的一些烦恼，同时希望你能给他一些建议。请你回信,并针对信中的问题提出合理的建议，每个问题至少两条建议。词数80 词左右，要求行文连贯。Dear Peter, Hows it going? Because of COVID-19, Im not allowed to play outside on weekends. So I feel very bored these days. What activities do you do to spend you

25、r free time? Also, I always catch a cold easily. How can I stay healthy? Can you give me some advice?Yours,Li Hua Dear Li Hua,Im sorry to hear that _Yours,Peter【答案】范文：Dear Li Hua,Im sorry to hear that you feel bored and catch a cold easily these days. Dont worry. I have some advice for you.Although

26、you cant play outside, there are still a lot of meaningful things that you can do at home. For example, why dont you read some interesting books when you feel bored? Reading can not only open your mind, but also lower your stress. Whats more, it is a good idea for you to offer to help around the hou

27、se. In this way, your busy parents will have more time to relax. As for your health, I think you should eat more heathy food such as fruit and vegetables every day. Besides, youd better do some exercise at home. It is healthy for the mind and the body.I hope things will be better for you soon.Yours,

28、Peter【详解】总体分析题材：本文是一篇应用文写作，为书信；时态：人称以第二人称为主；时态为一般现在时；提示：根据好朋友Li Hua的来信，对他最近遇到的困扰给出建议。写作步骤第一步，书写信件开头对朋友的遭遇表示同情并引出下文的建议；第二步，针对信件中提到的问题写出相应的建议，每个问题至少两条建议。第三步，书写结语。祝愿朋友能尽快解决问题。亮点词汇feel bored感到无聊open your mind拓展你的思维lower your stress减少你的压力高分句型Although you cant play outside, there are still a lot of meanin

29、gful things that you can do at home.(Although引导让步状语从句，并用到了there be句型)Why dont you read some interesting books when you feel bored? (Why dont you do sth用来提建议)二、材料作文（2022春山西运城八年级期中）良好的家庭关系对青少年的健康成长很重要。但是现实生活中，不少孩子和父母之间缺乏必要的沟通和交流。作为晚辈，我们应该如何和父母友好相处呢？请根据思维导图提示，结合自己的亲身经历，以“How to get on well with parents

30、?”为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文。要求：1. 内容可包括以上信息，也可适当发挥。2. 词数： 80词左右。（开头已给出，不计入总词数）3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。How to get on well with parents?As teenagers, its important to get on well with parents. What should we do?_【答案】例文How to get on well with parents?As teenagers, its important to get on well with parents. What should

31、 we do?Firstly, we should spend time communicating with our parents often. Secondly, we should help with housework at least twice a week, such as cleaning the room, doing the dishes and so on. Thirdly, wed better discuss our problems with them and ask them for help. They will give us some good advic

32、e. Whats more, they can help us get out of troubles and find better ways to solve the problems.Its not easy to get on with parents. So we should learn to be understanding first.【详解】总体分析题材：本文是一篇说明文，是材料作文；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：根据思维导图给出的要点，结合自身经历谈谈应该如何和父母友好相处，可增加细节，注意突出重点。写作步骤 第一步，点明主题（已给出）；第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“交

33、流，帮忙做家务、请父母帮忙”三个方面；第三步，书写结语。发表自己的观点。亮点词汇spend time doing sth 花时间做某事communicate with sb. 和某人沟通help with housework 帮忙做家务get out of troubles 逃离困境高分句型Its not easy to get on with parents (it固定句型，不定式作主语)（2022春福建厦门八年级期中）近些年学生压力变大了，为了高效学习，也为了身体健康，我们都应该学习减压。请以“Learn to lower pressure”为题并根据要点和要求，写一篇英语短文。要点：1）

34、阐述减轻压力的重要性；2）学生生活中普遍存在哪些压力。3）提出至少两种减轻压力的建议。要求：1）作文应包含所有要点，可适当发挥；2）文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称；3）词数100词左右。_【答案】参考例文Learn to lower pressureWe teenagers have a lot of pressure while growing up. The main reason for pressure is schoolwork and getting along with others. We have to study all day long to get good grade

35、s in all kinds of exams. As a result, we are very tired and sleepy every day, and dont have our own time to do what we are interested in. Since we are too young or dont know how to get along well with others, we often feel lonely.As the saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Our li

36、fe should not be all about getting good grades. In order to learn more effectively and keep healthy, we should learn to lower our pressure. Here are three ways for your reference.First of all, we can listen to our favorite music to have a good sleep at night. Secondly, we can exercise in spare time

37、to rest our minds and eyes. Finally, we can tell our pressure to others for suggestions on lowering pressure or improving grades. I hope these ways are helpful to you.【详解】总体分析题材：本文是一篇说明文，属于材料作文写作；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：文章标题以及要点已经给出，按照提示的要点逐点阐述，可以适当增加细节，并突出写作重点。写作步骤第一步，开篇点题，阐述学生生活中普遍存在的压力；第二步，先阐述减轻压力的重要性，再

38、提出至少两种减轻压力的建议，可列举具体的事例；第三步，期待提出的建议能有所帮助并书写结语。亮点词汇learn more effectively更高效地学习for your reference供你参考高分句型As a result, we are very tired and sleepy every day, and dont have our own time to do what we are interested in.（what引导的宾语从句）Since we are too young or dont know how to get along well with others, w

39、e often feel lonely.（since引导的原因状语从句）As the saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.（引用名言名句）（2022春陕西宝鸡八年级统考期中）良好的家庭关系对青少年的健康成长很重要。但现实生活中，不少孩子和父母之间缺乏必要的沟通和交流。作为晚辈，我们应该如何和父母友好相处呢？请根据下面的提示，以“How to get on with parents?”为题写一篇80词左右的文章。(文章开头已经给出，不计入总词数)与父母友好相处的要点1.主动交流：每天花些时间，与父母谈谈老师，同学和学校的

40、事；2.创造机会：每周至少跟父母一起做件事，比如做饭、逛商店等；3.讨论问题：遇事多与父母讨论，他们会帮你更好地解决问题。要求：1：不要逐条翻译表格中的信息，可适当增减内容。2：短文中不得出现真实的地名、人名和校名。3： 词数：80100 。参考词汇：communicate with, do.together, solve the problem.How to Get on with Parents?For teenagers, its important to get on with parents.What should we do?_【答案】One possible version.Ho

41、w to Get on with Parents?For teenagers, its important to get on with parents. What should we do?Firstly, we should spend some time communicating with our parents. For example, we may talk about our teachers, classmates or the things that happen in school. Secondly, we should do something with our pa

42、rents each week, such as making dinner or going shopping. Well improve our relation with them in this way. Thirdly, wed better discuss our problems with them. They will help us find better ways to solve them.Its not easy to get on with parents. So we should learn to be understanding first.【详解】总体分析题材

43、：本文是一篇材料作文；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中和父母友好相处的介绍要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。写作步骤 第一步，表明写作意图（已给出）；第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“主动交流、创造机会、讨论问题”三个方面重点介绍如何与父母友好相处；第三步，总结全文。亮点词汇spend some time doing sth花时间做某事 communicate with和沟通talk about sth讨论某事discuss.with.和讨论某事get on with与友好相处高分句型Its not easy to get on with par

44、ents.（it作形式主语；不定式作真正的主语）三、讲稿（2022春安徽八年级期中）中学生在成长过程中经常会遇到一些烦恼。假设你是李华，请根据下表提示，用英语写一篇发言稿，在班会上谈谈你遇到的烦恼以及你自己的做法。80词左右。你的烦恼你的做法个头不高，相貌平平不必在意，相信自己父母不理解，朋友少学会沟通，友善待人学习压力大，课外活动少(自主发挥，至少两点)_【答案】例文：Hello everyone! I am Li Hua. Id like to talk about my problems and how I deal with them. Im not tall and I am not

45、 goodlooking. But I dont care about these. I always believe in myself. My parents sometimes cant understand what I do and say. I have few friends at school. So I often communicate with my classmates and I always be friendly to them. I have too much pressure in study too and often have few after-scho

46、ol activities. So I often relax myself. When I have spare time, I often do sports, or listen to music. Sometimes I go shopping with my parents or friends. I think in this way, we can get better grades and enjoy the colorful life.Thats all. Thank you.【详解】总体分析题材：本文是一篇发言稿；时态：时态为“一般现在时”；提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏，适当增加细节完整表述内容。写作步骤第一步，分享自己的问题以及处理问题的方式；第二步，根据提示材料介绍自己遇到的问题；第三步，表示感谢。亮点词汇deal with处理care about关心believe in相信communicate with与沟通in this way用这种方式高分句型Id like to talk about my problems and how I deal with them（how引导宾语从句）My parents sometimes cant understand what I do and say.（what引导宾语从句）