Unit10知识点2021-2022学年人教版英语八年级下册.docx

1、Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three yearsSection A1.How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.v 本句是how long引导的特殊疑问句，时态是现在完成时，结构是“How long+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他?”。how long表示“多长时间”，对时间段进行提问。例：How long have you lived in Beijing?For ten years. 十年了。辨析：how often, how soon, how lo

2、ng, how farhow often指“多久一次”，主要用来对频率进行提问。答语通常是usually、sometimes等频度副词以及once a week、twice a month等表示频度的短语。How often do you visit your mother?你多长时间看你妈妈一次?Once a week. 一周一次。how soon指“多久以后”，多用于一般将来时，答语通常为“in+时间段”。How soon will he be back? 他要多久才回来?in an hour. 一个小时以后。how long表示“多长时间”，主要对一段时间提问，答语通常用“for+时间段

3、”或“since+时间点”。另外还可以表示某东西有多长。How long have you been away from your hometown? 你离开家乡多久了?For about five years. 大约5年了。How long is the Yellow River? 黄河有多长? About5,464 km. 大约5,464千米。how far指两地间的距离，意思是“多远”。How far is it from here to the zoo? 从这里到动物园有多远?Its about 6 kilometers. 大约6千米。How long has your sister

4、taught English?For ten years.-How often do you have Indian food?Hardly ever.-How soon will Mr Li come back? In a week.How far is it from here to your home? A bout three kilometers.拓展 how long还可表示“多长”，用于询问物体的长度。 How long is the stick?About two meters.(2)for与表示一段时间的词语连用，表示“(做某事)多长时间了”，常用于现在完成时态的句子中，表示

5、某个动作或某种情况到现在为止已持续了多久。for所在句子中的谓语动词是延续性动词。The German has collected Chinese tea sets for many years.The fans have waited for nearly two hours.2 Jeffs family is having a yard sale(1) family用作名词，意为“家庭;家人”。作主语时若表示整体，则看作单数，谓语动词用单数;若表示家庭成员个体，则看作复数，谓语动词用复数。His family is going to move.My family are having lu

6、nch now.(2)sale名词，意为“出售;销售”。常用短语:on sale意为“出售;上市;廉价出售; for sale意为“待售;供出售”;( have a) yard sale意为“(举行)庭院拍卖会”。Some objects made of bamboo are on sale in the gift shop.This camera isnt for sale. 3 Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.(1) bring back此处意为“使回忆起来;使回想起”，为“动词

7、+副词”结构的短语，其主语常为事物。The photos brought back many pleasant memories. bring back意为“带回”。Please bring back some books for me.(2) sweet形容词，意为“甜蜜的;甜的;含糖的”。The soup tastes sweet.When we looked at the album. all the sweet memories came back.拓展sweet用作形容词，还可表示“说耳的好听的”。The singer has a sweet voice. sweet在英式英语中可用

8、作可数名词，意为“糖果”。She loves sweets.(3) memory此处用作可数名词，意为“记忆;回忆”，其复数形式为 memoriesThis photo album has given many memories of my school days.拓展 memory用作名词时还可表示“记忆力”。She has a good memory. memorize是 memory的动词形式，意为“记忆;记住”。Its unbelievable that the boy can memorize so many numbers in such a short time4scarfsca

9、rf可数名词，意为围披:头巾”;其复数形式是 scarves或 scarfsThere are many scarves/scarfs in the shop.5 Because Ive had it since I was a babysince此处用作连词，意为“自以来”，引导时间状语从句; since还可用作介词，意为“自以来”，其后常接时间名词。两者均可表示某个动作或某种情况从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在。since用作连词时所引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。It has been 50 years since my grandparents got married.He has

10、succeed in reading the top of Qomolangma twice since 1990.6 And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.(1) check out为“动词+副词”结构的短语，意为“察看;观察”。Check out all the books for children.拓展 check作动词，意为“检查，审查”。If you finish it， check it by yourself first. check作名词，意为“支票;账单”。He wrote me a ch

11、eck.(2)soft形容词，意为“软的;柔软的”，其副词形式为 softly“柔软地”，反义词为hard“硬的”。soft toy意为“软体玩具，布绒玩具”。 I bought a soft chair.7 We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.clear out意为“清理;丢掉”，为“动词+副词”结构的短语。其中 clear用作动词，意为“清理;清除”。She is clearing out old clothes.Please help me clear the rubbish.拓展 clear用作形容

12、词，意为“清晰易的晴朗的”。She gave me a clear answer.Its a clear day today.8 We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.(1) decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。She decided to buy a silk scarf for her mother.拓展 decide的名词形式为 decision，意为“决定抉择”， make a decision to do sth.(= decide to do sth.)意为“决定做某事”。 I

13、 made a decision to change my mind.(2)no longer/no morenotany more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any more常位于句末，相当于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者经常可以互换。例如： He doesnt live here any more. = He no more lives here. 他不再住在这里了。【拓展】表示“不再”的词还有notany longer或no longer。二者的区别在于：(1) notany more = no more，表示

14、数量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修饰终止性动词。例如： The baby isnt crying any more. = The baby is no more crying. 这个婴儿不再哭了。(2) no longer = notany longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长，通常修饰延续性的动词。例如： I cant stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。9.For example， he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday.own此处用作及物动词，意为“拥有;有”，相当

15、于have。I have owned these soft toys for two years.拓展own用作形容词，意为“自己的”，一般位于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后，以加强语气This is his own building.In our culture， the ability to make ones own decisions is Important. of ones own意为“属于某人自己的; on ones own意为“单独地，独自地”，相当于 alone。At last Ive got a big house of my own.He wants to finish

16、 the work on his own. owner用作名词，意为“物主;主人”。 I am the owner of the car.10 My daughter was more understanding although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.(1) part with意为“放弃;交出;卖掉(尤指不舍得的东西)”，是“动词+介词”结构的短语，其后可接名词或代词作宾语。part此处用作动词意为“离开;分开”。I dont want to part with my old bike.I took the book， tha

17、nked her， and told her I would never part with it.part还可用作名词，意为“部分;角色”，常用于短语 take part in(参加)， play a part in(参与，在中发挥作用)。Everyone should take part in protecting wild animals.The Internet plays an important part in our life.(2) certain作形容词，意为“某些;某种”，仅用于名词前，作定语。He decided to sell his certain books.拓展

18、certain作形容词，还可表示“确定的;无疑的”，一般不用于名词前作定语，常在句中作表语，相当于 sure， certain的副词形式为 certainly(当然，无疑)。Are you certain/sure about that?Im not certain/sure where he lives.be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握 be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事be certain / sure + that从句 确信 例如：They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。Im

19、 certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。11 As for me， I did not want to give up my football shirts， but， to be honest， I have not played for a while now.(1) as for为介词短语，意为“至于;关于”，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，可置于句首或句中。He likes playing soccer. As for (playing )basket ball. he doesnt like it at all.(2) to be

20、 honest意为“说实在的”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与其他成分隔开。类似的表达还有 to tell the truth“老实说;说实话”，to be frank“坦率地说”。To be honest， she is not an honest girl.(3) honest形容词，意为“诚实的;老实的”，其反义词为 dishonest“不诚实的”;其名词形式为 honesty“诚实”。An honest man does not tell lies.honest 的读音以元音音素开头，因此其前若加不定冠词，应用an。(4) while此处用作名词，意为“一段时间;一会儿”。一般只用单

21、数形式，其前通常加不定冠词a。Why not rest for a while since you are tired?拓展while的常见搭配有: for a while暂时 after a while过了一会儿 in a while不久;马上 once in a while有时;偶尔12 truthful诚实的;真实的truthful形容词，表示“(指人)诚实的”时，相当于 honest;表示“(指事)真实的”时，相当于true，其名词形式为truth(实情;事实)。Henry is a truthful/an honest boy.The story is truthful/true.t

22、rue a.真的;符合事实的 truth n.实情;事实 truthful ae诚实的;真实的13 Jim has been in Japan for three days.have/ has been in+地点名词意为“待在某地(多长时间了)”。He has been in Beijing for two years.如果have/has been后接地点副词，不能再用介词in。The Greens have been here since ten years ago.Section B1. Nowadays， millions of Chinese leave the countrysi

23、de to search for work in the cities.(1) nowadays用作副词，意为“现今;现在;目前”通常用于一般现在时意词含有与态的句子中，且多用于过去相比较的意味。句首或句末作状语。Nowadays， children have more pocket money.Its very difficult for many people to buy a house nowadays.(2) search此处用作不及物动词，意为“搜索;搜査”。 search for意为“搜寻;寻找”，相当于 look for，后面的宾语是寻找的目标It was too dark t

24、o search further.He is searching for his sunglasses.拓展 search还可用作及物动词，意为“搜查;搜身”。 search sb.意为“搜身”; search place意为“对某地进行搜查”; search.for.意为“搜査找The police searched the house for the thief. search还可用作名词，意为“寻找;搜查;搜寻”。The police have already carried out a search.2 Among these is Zhong Wei， a 46-year-old h

25、usband and father. among介词，此处意为“在(其)中;之一”。There was a little boy among the children.辨析: among与 betweenbetween 两者之间 among 三者或三者以上之间a 46-year-old husband and father46-year-old是复合形容词，这种形容词有两个特点：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如： a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结：(1) 基数词 + years old。例如： He is

26、8 years old. 他八岁了。(2) 基础词-year-old。例如： Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。(3) 名词 + of + 基础词。例如： Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。(4) at the age of + 基数词。例如： She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。3 .its a shame， but I just dont have the time， he says.shame用作名词，意为“羞耻;羞愧;惭愧”，可与不定冠词a连用，表示“令人惋惜的事;

27、让人遗憾的事”。it s a shame可翻译为“真遗憾;多可惜啊”，其后还可接不定式或由that引导的从句。【拓展】shame常见的短语有： feel shame at因而感到羞愧 in shame羞愧地 have no shame无羞耻心 with shame羞愧地 to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是 bring shame on使丢脸She has failed he her test again.What a shame!Its a shame to treat you like thatIts a shame that you cant stay for dinner.4

28、Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. regard此处用作及物动词，意为“注视;关注;留意”。She stood back and regarded him coldly.拓展 Regard 用作及物动词，还可表示将认为;把视为”。常用短语 regard as意为“将视为;把当作as为介词，其后可接名词或代词 I regard you as my best friend. regard用作名词，意为“关注;关心;尊敬;敬佩”。She has no regar

29、d for other peoples feelings.The students held the teacher in high regard.5 Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century.(1) count用作动词，此处意为“数数”。 count from.to.意为“从数到”， count up to意为“数到”， count down意为“倒数;倒计时”。Kate cant count yet.Sarah can count up to fiv

30、e now.拓展 count用作名词，意为“数数;总数”。Hold your breath for a count of 10屏住呼吸数到10。(2) the mid-20th century意为“20世纪中期”，其中 century用作名词，意为“百年;世纪”。在英语中世纪的表达可用“the+序数词+ century”。 in the 17th century在17世纪拓展表达“在世纪年代”时用介词in，在整十的年份后加“s”或“s”，并在年代前加定冠词the。in the1720s/1720s在18世纪20年代6 According to Zhong Wei， however， some

31、things will never change.according to意为“依据;按照”，其中to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或从句。 according to sb意为“在某人看来;依某人之见”，相当于 In ones opinionAccording to Mick， its a great movie.He divided them into three groups according to age.According to what he said， it was a good thing.7 In my hometown， there was a big old tree opp

32、osite the school.(1) opposite作介词，意为“在对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。例如： They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。 (2) opposite作形容词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。例如： We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。(3) opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。例如： Theres an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。(4) opposite作名词，意为“相反的

33、人或物；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。例如：“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。8 Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree， especially during the summer holidays.especially用作副词，意为“尤其;特别;格外”在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。其形容词形式为 especial，意为“特别的;特殊的”。Our hometown is very beautiful， es

34、pecially in spring.9 consider 注视;仔细者虑 用作动词，意为“注视”。 He stood there considering the painting.用作动词，还可表示“仔细考虑”，相当于 think about，其后跟名词、代词、动词ing形式、从句或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。Please consider my suggestion.Im considering changing my job.He has never considered how to solve the problem.【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实践，值得

35、，忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）；错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。10 Zhong Wei hasnt been back in close to three years.close to意为“几乎;接近”。Close to three quarters of the population in our village go to s

36、earch for jobs in big cities. be close to意为“接近;靠近”。Our village is close to the railway station.11.and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memorieshold(held，held)用作动词，意为“拥有”，相当于have或own。They hold different views on this matter.意为“举着;拿着;抓住”。He stood in the rain， holding an umbrella.意为“容纳”。This big stadium can hold over 2， 000 people.意为“举行，召开”。The meeting was held in Hangzhou.