专题05 七选五:“2 2”方法解密-高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练.docx
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1、专题05 七选五满分秘籍:2+2快速突破法目录一、 阅读理解七选五题型分析思维导图2二、 阅读理解七选五考题型攻略思维导图3三、 阅读理解七选五考解题技巧思维导图3四、 2步突破法4第一步:看位置定类型4第二步:由类型定技法61.主旨概括题62.语段过渡题73.细节线索题7五、 位置解题法11六、 衔接手段解题法14一、 阅读理解七选五题型分析思维导图二、 阅读理解七选五考题型攻略思维导图三、 阅读理解七选五考解题技巧思维导图四、 2步突破法第一步:看位置定类型句子在段中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式,正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用
2、,来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表:挖空位置逻辑关系具体解读段首题主旨句常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。段中题例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有:for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。转折关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转,
3、 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有: but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有:so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such .that ., so that .等。递进关系若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系,则
4、空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有:too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, whats more, whats worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not . but ., not only . but also等。并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有:and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some . others .
5、; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。段尾题总结句用于总结本段内容,常含有总结性的词语。承上启下句此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。例子1_40_ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating j
6、unk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, y
7、ou continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段首,应是该段落的小标题。该段的主要内容是“如果晨练,你就更有可能会坚持一整天吃健康的食物”,故该段的主旨是“坚持健康饮食”;再结合本段中的“healthy food”“junk food”与A项中的diet相关,故选A。例子2Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. _38_
8、 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep y
9、our head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空处位于段中,属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢,能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“throughout th
10、e day”与文中的“the whole day”呼应。故选F。例子3The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre e
11、xperimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析该空位
12、于段尾,应属于总结句。根据空前的“the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知,大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大,这恰与F项构成因果关系。第二步:由类型定技法1.主旨概括题主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力,它要求考生在阅读文章时,能够提炼其中心思想,体会作者的写作意图,充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主,设题位置一般在段首,有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意,即文章的主题句,一般会在首段
13、设空。概括起来讲,命题人通常从两个方面设题:概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句;段落标题。解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式,即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意,然后浏览选项,准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。例子3_39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peace
14、ful sleep when you are very excited.AYou will stick to your diet.BYour quality of sleep improves.CYou prefer healthy food to fast food.DThere is no reason you should exercise in the morning.EYou can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.FAfter you exercise, you continue to burn calories
15、throughout the day.GIf you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!分析设空位于段首,应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结,快速浏览本段,本段提到slept better, difficult to relax, a peaceful sleep,依据这些关键词汇可概括本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠,因此选B。2.语段过渡题语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句,具有承上启下的作用,该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析
16、能力。其设空位置比较灵活,可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。如果设空位于段首,要前瞻后望找提示,即阅读上一段结尾部分,通常正确答案与之衔接,并结合本段内容,看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。如果设空位于段中,重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句,找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案;如果还没有把握,再分析该段的中心句。如果设空位于段尾,在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时,可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句,看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。例子4Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces su
17、ch as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. _39_. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most
18、familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析设空处在段中,所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium color choices”,是G项中“small ones”的升级。该空
19、后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择,与G项中的“two major ways”相呼应,故选G。3.细节线索题细节线索类的试题要求考生更加注重文章中的细节,比如某个关键的单词或数字等。解答这类试题经常用到的方法有:词汇复现法、词汇同现法、代词线索法、逻辑关系线索法等。1词汇复现法复现法是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即在文章中不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述,从而使得同样的意思在文章中不同的地方重复出现。复现的形式主要包括原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点,在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。例子5_38_. Theyre the l
20、ittle spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.AWhile all
21、 of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range
22、 are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析解此题可运用词汇复现法,该空所在段最后一句中的“small color choices”是D项“Small color choices”的原词复现。故选D。2词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于同一词汇范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现,达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说,上下文中词汇的范畴越小,上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例子6I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness._3
23、8_ Instead, we had a popup camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My natureloving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since
24、 then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动,而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调,因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内,几个选项中只有A项合适。3代词线索法英语文章中代
25、词出现的频率极高,代词一般用来指代前面提及的名词,考生如果能巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。例子7Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _37_, they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make
26、 about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.AWhile all of them are usefulBWhatever youre looking forCIf youre experimenting with a colorDSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar withEIts not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesFSo it pay
27、s to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeGColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways分析解此题可运用代词线索法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques,且与A项中的all of them相呼应,代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”,符合语境,故选A。4逻辑关系线索法一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体,各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因
28、果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种这样的关系。因此,理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络,弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词,考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断;如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词,这就需要考生全面理解文章大意,根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系,作出正确的判断。例子8If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were
29、people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer .I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another funfilled holiday in the wilderness .We have done
30、 a lot of it since ._40(E)_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you find your way in style.AThis time there was no tent.BThings are going to be improved.CThe trip they took me on was a rough one.DI was to learn a lot about camping since
31、 then, however.EI must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.FAfter the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.GThere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析解此题可运用逻辑关系线索法。首句“如果三年前有人告诉我我会花大部分的周末时间去野营,我将会开怀大笑”使用了虚拟语气,预示了后面的转折关系。接着讲述了作者过去对野营的看法。由下文可知作者起初和后来对野营的态
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
