专题07 字母O词汇 语法精选被动语态 中考题型套餐 （解析版）.docx

1、 第十二讲 词汇(字母O)、语法精选（被动语态）、题型套餐 （选词填空+句型改写） 词汇打卡 读一读 背一背 (带号为2023年上海中考新增词汇)单词音标词性中文1obeybev服从；顺从；听从2observebzvv.观察；观测3occupation7kjupenn职业4objectbdktn.物，物体；宾语5oceannn.海洋6offerf(r)vt& n.提供，建议7officefsn.办公室8officerfs(r)n.军官；公务员；官员；警官9officialflan.官方的，政府的; 官员10operationprenn.手术；操作11opinionpnjnn观点，看法12opp

2、ositepztadjprep在对面；相对的；对立的13ordinarydnriadj普通的，平常的14organizationnazenn组织；团体；机构15organizenazv组织16overcoatvktn.大衣17ownern(r)n.物主，所有人18ownna. v.自己的;拥有，所有19orderd(r)vt. n.定购，订货；点菜; 顺序20outdooratd(r)adj室外的21outsideatsadn.ad. prep外 面 在外面; 在外面22online7nlanadj&ad.v在线的，在线地23Olympiclmpkadj n.奥林匹克的;奥林匹克（运动会）24

3、oncewnsn.&ad. conj.一次， 一度，从前；一旦25oilln.油26Octoberktb(r)n.十月27operatepretv动手术，开刀；操刀；运转28objectdspnt n物品；物体29opera dan n.歌剧30digital ddtl adj.数字的；数码的 想一想 写一写根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 或首字母填空 1.Dont worry. Were old enough to look after_(our).2.Who is the_ (own) of this house?3. Theres a bus stop _ (opposition)th

4、e house. 4. Its important to make the good impression (印象) from the very _ day. (one)5. The American, Dave Farrow, could remember things quite well after seeing only _. (one)6. The doctor had an _ on the patients heart. (operate)7. He made a telescope (望远镜 ) through which he could _ the stars.(obser

5、vation)8. Joan is my _ sister, she often helps Mum with the housework. (old)9. Doctor Wang will _ on the wounded policeman at once. (operation)10. According to the _ figures, over one thousand people died during the disaster. (office)11. He needs a secretary who can also _ his life for him. (organiz

6、ation)12. Two buildings were destroyed and some o_ were damaged in the earthquake.13. The aged artist achieved his ambition of holding a personal o_ painting exhibition.14. Many people felt the law was unfair, and refused to o_ it.15. Whats the difference between robots and o_ machines?【答案】1. oursel

7、ves 2. owner 3.opposite 4.first 5.once 6.operation 7. observe 8.elder 9.operate 10.official 11.organize 12.others 13.oil 14.obey 15.ordinary 语法专题 语法精选：被动语态结构：1. 一般现在时2. 一般过去时3. 一般将来时4. 过去将来时5. 现在进行时6. 过去进行时7. 现在完成时8. 过去完成时9. 带情态动词.The article is written (by her).The article was written (by her).The

8、article will be written (by her). Our teacher said the article would be written (by her). The article is being written (by her). The article was being written (by her). The article has been written (by her). The teacher said the article had been written (by her).9. The article might be written by he

9、r.还原to使役动词make /let /have及感官动词hear ,see ,find ,watch, feel, etc的特殊用法1. Mother often makes me do some housework.I am often made to do some housework by mother.2. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us.主动表被动：1. 不及物动词write, sell, wash, open, lock, read, clean, cu

10、t, burn, drive，prove, grow（长得），而且主语为物2. 大多数系动词：be ,feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来) ，taste（尝起来）, become, fall (asleep), get, keep, remain, seem, stay, turn, grow (变得), appear (呈现) 等3. 在need/ want/ require doing或be worth doing句型中1. This kind of shoes sells well.这种鞋子很好卖。2. This skirt washes

11、easily. 这件裙子很容易洗。3. The pen writes well.这支钢笔很好写。4. he skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。5. The mooncakes taste delicious.(这些月饼尝起来很好吃。)6. My watch needs mending. = My watch needs to be mended. need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done 7. The book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。)没有被动语态的词:1. v

12、i.: happen (= take place), break out(爆发)，break down(坏了), result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of, come true, come out，die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, etc.2.vt.: cost, fit, have, suit等3.vt.: 带同源宾语，宾语为反身代词，相互代词 4. vt.: 宾语为不定式或doing1.The film lasted for 3 ho

13、urs.2. Many changes have happened in our hometown.3. His dream has come true. 4. My photos will come out tomorrow.5. This car costs 100,000 dollars. 6. We will have a meeting. (但hold a meeting 可以改被动)。7. Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight. 8. The man introduced himself to everyone.9. They help each other s

14、tudy English.10. Shelikestoswim. 11.Sheenjoys watching TV. 辨认是否为被动语态“be+过去分词”有时不能表示被动语态,而只能是系表结构。被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。1. He is pleased / worried / tired /(系表结构)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳) 2. The door was closed last night. (系表结构，强调状态)3. The door was closed by Tom last night. （被动语态，强调动作） 即学即练一、句型转换（20

15、22上海中考真题）1. The research group discovered a new kind of insect last week. （改为被动语态）A new kind of insect _ _ by the research group last week.【答案】 . was . discovered【解析】【详解】句意：该研究小组上周发现了一种新的昆虫。原句是一般过去时，被动语态是一般过去时的被动语态，主语中心词是“kind”，be动词用was。故填was；discovered。（2021上海中考真题）2Doctor Wu Mengchao saved a lot of

16、 patients lives. （改为被动语态）A lot of patients lives _ _ by Doctor Wu Mengchao.【答案】were saved【详解】句意：吴医生挽救了很多病人的生命。此处改为被动语态，saved是一般过去时，主语a lot of patients lives是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，故填were saved。（2020上海中考真题）3The 13-year-old one-armed basketball player attracted a lot of fans. （改为被动语态）A lot of fans_ _by the 13

17、-year-old one- armed basketball player.【答案】were attracted【解析】句意：这位13岁的独臂篮球运动员吸引了许多球迷。原句是一般过去时，改为一般过去时态的被动语态，结构是was/were+过去分词；主语fans复数，助动词用were；故填were attracted。（2019上海中考真题）4. The scientists released the picture of a black hole to the world on April10.（改为被动语态）The picture of a black hole_ _to the worl

18、d by the scientists on April 10.【答案】 (1). was (2). released 【解析】The scientists released the picture of a black hole to the world on April10.意思是“科学家们于10年4月10日向世界公布了一张黑洞的照片。”这里是改为一般过去时态的被动语态，其结构是was/were done的形式。主语是The picture of a black hole，be动词用单数was。根据题意，故填was released。（2018上海中考真题）5. We will hold

19、a class meeting to talk about team work next Friday(改为被动语态)A class meeting will _ _ to talk about team work next Friday.【答案】be held【解析】原句为一般将来时，改为被动语态后使用 be 动词原形，hold 改为过去分词 held。（2017上海中考真题）6The local government organizes the film festival every autumn（改为被动语态）The film festival _by the local governm

20、ent every autumn【答案】is organized【解析】句意：当地政府每年秋天组织电影节电影节每年秋天由当地政府组织考查被动语态由organizes 组织，第三人称单数，可知是一般现在时态的被动语态，结构是is/am/are+动词的过去分词主语是The film festival电影节，单数，因此用be动词单数isorganize的过去分词是organized答案是is organized（2016上海中考真题）7A middle school student invented a new robot last term. （改为被动语态）A new robot _ _ by

21、a middle school student last term.【答案】 was invented【详解】句意；上学期一个中学生发明了一种新的机器人。被动语态的结构是be done，原句中invented是动词过去式，故改为一般过去式被动语态，主语是单数形式，助动词用was，故填was；invented。二、单选选择1（2019上海中考真题）Worries in life if you speak out to your close friend.Awill reduceBwere reducingCwill be reducedDwere reduced【答案】C【详解】句意：如果你和你

22、的密友说话，生活中的忧虑就会减少。A. will reduce会减少，一般将来时；B. were reducing正在减少，过去进行时；C. will be reduced将被减少，将来时被动语态；D. were reduced被减少，一般过去时态被动语态。这里是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，根据主语是Worries可知这里是将来时的被动语态，其结构是will be done的形式。根据题意，故选C。2（2017上海中考真题）The museum _ next month to celebrate the Science & Technology Festi

23、val.Ais decoratedBwill decorateCis decoratingDwill be decorated【答案】D【详解】句意：为庆祝即将举行的科学技术节，这个博物馆下个月就要装修。根据题意，博物馆下个月要进行装修，属于打算，应该用一般将来时，排除A和C选项。同时，博物馆是“被装修”，要用decorate的被动语态，即be decorated，而B是主动式，可排除。故选D。3（2015上海中考真题）Over $30,000 _ for a childrens hospital by a British girl several months ago.Ais raisedB

24、was raisedCwill be raisedDhas been raised【答案】B【详解】句意：几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。 ago多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态；主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。4（2012上海中考真题）Im sure that stricter roles to control cigarette smoking_ very soon.AmadeBwill makeCwere madeDwill be made【答案】D【详解】句意：

25、我相信很快就会有更严格的控制吸烟的措施。考查被动语态。根据“very soon”可知此句是一般将来时，结合句意可知此句是被动语态，故此句是一般将来时的被动语态，答案选D。题型套餐 选词填空Aprovide Bat some time Cdepend on Dchange into E. typeMost people had a dog or wanted one as their companion 16in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what 17of

26、 companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the space you can 18. Scientists advice is useful to help you choose the most suitable kind of dog. But in part the decisions 19common sense. Different dogs were developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you

27、r house, for example, you should choose the one that the right size and characteristics.Arun free Bfaithful Ctrain Dmake sure E. set upYou must also be ready to take a great deal of time to 20the dog when it is young and gives it exercise, unless you live in the countryside and can let it 21. Dogs a

28、re demanding pets. A dog is 22to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection. The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old. If baby dogs have not 23a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship

29、will always be with dogs. They are likely to be shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.16B 17E 18A 19C 20C 21A 22B 23E【分析】本文主要介绍了选宠物狗的建议。16句意：大多数人在一生中的某个时候都有一条狗或想要一条狗作为伙伴。根据“Most people had a dog or wanted one as their companion.in their lives.”以及备选词汇可知，此处指一生中的某个时候，“at some

30、 time”表示“某个时期”，符合语境。故选B。17句意：然而，如果你想买一只狗，你应该首先决定你需要什么样的伙伴，以及狗在你能提供的空间里是否会快乐。根据“what.of companion you need”以及备选词汇可知，此处指需要的伙伴的种类，“type”表示“种类”，符合语境。故选E。18句意：然而，如果你想买一只狗，你应该首先决定你需要什么样的伙伴，以及狗在你能提供的空间里是否会快乐。根据“whether the dog is likely to be happy in the space you can.”以及备选词汇可知，此处指你能提供给狗的空间，“provide”表示“提供

31、”，符合语境。故选A。19句意：但部分决定取决于常识。根据“But in part the mon sense.”以及备选词汇可知，此处指取决于常识，“depend on”表示“取决于”，符合语境。故选C。20句意：你还必须准备好花大量的时间来训练幼年的狗，并给它锻炼，除非你住在农村，可以让它自由奔跑。根据“when it is young and gives it exercise”以及备选词汇可知，此处指训练狗，“train”表示“训练”，符合语境、故选C。21句意：你还必须准备好花大量的时间来训练幼年的狗，并给它锻炼，除非你住在农村，可以让它自由奔跑。根据“unless you live

32、 in the countryside”以及备选词汇可知，此处指狗在农村可以自由奔跑，“run free”表示“自由奔跑”，符合语境。故选A。22句意：狗对主人忠诚，因此想让主人表现出爱意。根据“A dog is.to its master”以及备选词汇可知，此处指狗对主人忠诚，“faithful”表示“忠诚的”，符合语境。故选B。23句意：如果幼犬在三个月大的时候还没有和人类建立起关系，那么它们与狗之间的牢固关系将永远存在。根据“If baby dogs have not.a relationship with the human being they are over three mont

33、hs old”以及备选词汇可知，此处指狗和人类建议关系，“set up”表示“建立”，符合语境。故选E。 改写句子37. The Olympic Games take place in an important city once every four years. （保持句意基本不变）The Olympic Games _ in an important city once every four years.【答案】are held【解析】【详解】句意：奥运会每四年在一个重要的城市举行一次。根据题干，可知句中包含词组take place“举行”，其同义词为hold，应使用被动语态，被动语态的

34、结构为am/is/are+done，因此be动词应为are。故填are held。38. Alice visits her grandparents in the countryside from time to time. （保持句意基本不变）Alice visits her grandparents in the countryside _ and _.【答案】 . now . then【解析】【详解】句意：爱丽丝时不时地去乡下看望她的祖父母。from time to time=now and then“有时，时不时”，故填now；then。39. Miss Chen talked abo

35、ut the main idea of the passage in the last class.（保持句意基本不变）Miss Chen _ the main idea of the passage in the last class.【答案】referred to【解析】【详解】句意：陈小姐在上节课中谈到了这篇文章的主要内容。原句是一般过去时。短语“talk about”表达“谈到”，可以用“refer to提到，谈及”替换。动词用过去式“referred”。故填referred to。40. Has he caught the flight? Could you please tell

36、me? （改为宾语从句）Could you please tell me _ caught the flight?【答案】whether hes#whether he has#if hes#if he has【解析】【详解】句意：他赶上飞机了吗？你能告诉我吗？两个句子是一般疑问句，变成宾语从句要用if/whether引导从句，原句是现在现在完成时，主句含有情态动词，从句时态不受限制，所以从句仍用现在完成时，宾语从句中应为陈述语序，he has可以缩写成hes，故填whether hes/whether he has/if hes/if he has。41. A terrible natural

37、 disaster struck the fishing villages near the Pacific Ocean. （改为被动语态）The fishing villages near the Pacific Ocean _ by a terrible natural disaster.【答案】were struck【解析】【详解】句意：一场可怕的自然灾害袭击了太平洋附近的渔村。原句时态是一般过去时，变为被动语态时态不变，即用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were+done的形式，主语表示复数，因此be动用词were，原句中struck对应的过去分词仍为struck。故填were；

38、struck。42. James cut his birthday cake into smaller pieces to have more people enjoy it.（对划线部分提问）_ James cut his birthday cake for?【答案】What did【解析】【详解】句意：詹姆斯把他的生日蛋糕切成小块，让更多的人吃到。划线部分为to have more people enjoy it，因此下句变成疑问句表达“詹姆斯把他的生日蛋糕切成小块是为了什么”。用疑问词“What”，原句是一般过去时，疑问句将助动词“did”放在主语“James”前，主语后用动词原形“cu

39、t”。故填What did。43. until，Jack，he，to do，showed，wont，the experiment，how，about （.）（连词成句）_ .【答案】Jack wont know about the experiment until he is showed how to do it【解析】【详解】根据所给的词和标点，可知句子是陈述句。用“notuntil”的结构表示“直到才”。时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时表达将来。主句中主语为“Jack”，谓语动词为“wont know about”，宾语为“the experiment”。从句中主语为“h

40、e”；主语和动词“展示”之间是被动关系，谓语动词用一般现在时的被动结构“is showed”；宾语是“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，用“how to do it”表达“如何操作”。故填Jack wont know about the experiment until he is showed how to do it“直到有人给杰克展示如何操作，杰克才了解这个实验”。（十三）1. What is the _ food for the Christmas? (tradition)2. What do you think of his _ at the meeting? (speak)3. How

41、tall is Mrs Black? Is she of average _ ? (high)4. The _ of the famous film director, Xie Jin, made us very sad. (die)5. Mikes classmates arent satisfied with him because he is always _. (honest)6. The town government has decided to _ this main street. (widely)7. The Birds Nest has become one of the

42、most _ places of interest in Beijing. (attract)8. Many foreigners have become _ of Shanghai in the past 30 years. (city)1. traditional 2. speech 3. height 4. death 5. dishonest 6. widen 7. attractive 8. citizens（十四）1.I have bought a new flat and its on the floor of the building. (nine) 2.The child w

43、as frightened when he saw an animal with four . (foot)3.He is a man of great and he has achieved success in his work. (able)4.She put on dark glasses as a against the strong light. (protect)5.Uncle Tom raised some money and opened a shop that sells foods. (nature)6.Do you know who is going to _ at t

44、he meeting? (speech)7.“Take care of yourself,” the mother said to the child. (gentle)8.Serious air pollution made this city the most place in the world. (healthy) 1. ninth 2. feet 3. ability/abilities 4. protection 5. natural 6. speak 7. gently 8. unhealthy（十五）1. Sally always takes an _part in schoo

45、l activities. (act) 2. _, we all passed the English exam. (final) 3. The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games of 2008 was quite _. (success)4. In the evening many young people sang and danced_ around a camp fire. (happy)5. My father has worked as a _ for over twenty years. (report) 6. _is my favori

46、te subject. I am quite good at it.(chemical)7. Mary _going for a picnic tomorrow. (suggestion) 8. We cant _ whom to stay with for the Spring Festival. (decision)active Luckily successful happily reporter Chemistry suggests/suggested decide（十六）57. The new teacher began his class after he introduced _

47、. (he)58. To create a comic strip, the _ to do is to think of a plot. (one)59. The British people were so sad when they heard about the _of Princess Diana. (die)60. _ traffic keeps the police busy all the time. (heavily)61. You can make a picture in your mind to_ something. (memory) 62. As a new dri

48、ver, you should drive your car_. (slow)63. When people get older, their memory becomes _. (bad)64. The sun _ behind a cloud. Maybe its going to rain. (appears)1. himself 2. first 3. death 4. Heavy 5. memorize 6. slowly 7. worse 8. disappears（十七）1. It will be my cousins _ birthday next Saturday. (nin

49、e)2. If you dont brush your _ twice a day, you may have toothache. (tooth )3. Taiwan is _ than any other island in China. (big )4. My brother is of average _ . (high)5. I dont think there is any_ fish in the world. (visible)6. All the_ in Shanghai will celebrate the Shanghai EXPO. (city )7. Young people over eighteen should be _ of their parents . (depend )8. The doctors are wanted to listen to the patients _. (patient)1.ninth 2. teeth 3. bigger 4. height 5. invisible 6.citizens 7.independent 8. patiently;