Unit 5Working Land Using Language.docx

1、Unit 5 Working LandPeriod 3 Using Language & Period 4 Assessing your progress（人教版2019必修第一册）01学习目标02预习导学一. 核心词汇1fertiliser n肥料2alleviate vt.减轻；缓解3poverty n贫穷；贫困4organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的5pesticide n杀虫剂；除害药物6widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的7essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的8mineral n矿物；矿物质9alternative n可供选择的事物ad

2、j.可供替代的；非传统的10instance n例子；实例；事例11root n根；根茎；根部；根源12aspect n方面；层面二. 核心词汇变形1nutritional adj.营养(物)的nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的nutrition n营养；滋养2bacterium n细菌bacteria (pl.) 3digest vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟digestion n消化；领悟4grocery n食品杂货店groceriespl.食品杂货5depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)deep adj.深的6entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地e

3、ntire adj.全部的；整个的；完全的三. 英汉双译短语1in use在使用2in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流3as for关于；至于4switch to转到；转换到5turn to求助于；求教于；改用6focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于7keeps.free from/of使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)8for instance例如；比如9meet that need满足那样的需求四 重点句型翻译1As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too_fast_to_be rich i

4、n nutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。2What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。03探究提升词汇精讲1 思维拓展alleviation n减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物 即时训练He said he and his organization have worked for 36 years for the a

5、lleviation(alleviate) of poverty.2 digest vt. 消化(食物)；领悟，融会贯通vi. 消化n. 摘要；文摘 思维拓展digestion n消化digestive adj.消化的；易消化的 即时训练This book is of great value.Nothing can be enjoyed if you cant digest(digest) it.3 alternative n可能的选择adj.供选择的；非传统的思维拓展alternative energy 可替代能源an alternative to.的替代品have the alternat

6、ive of doing sth.有做某事的选择；可以做某事have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事You have the alternative of speaking or keeping quiet.你要么发言，要么保持沉默。I had no alternative but to accept the offer.我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。 易混辨析alternative，choice，selectionalternative 一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。choice 泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选

7、择，挑选，抉择”。selection 指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。Parents should be careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。 即时训练We had

8、 no alternative but to_fire(fire)Mary.4 思维拓展the depth of a cut/wound/crack刀口/伤口/裂口深度the depths of the ocean 海洋深处live in the depths of the country ( a long way from a town)住在偏远地区in the depths of winter ( when it is coldest)在隆冬季节in depth全面地；深入地；详细地be out of your depth在水深没顶(或够不着底)的地方；非某人所能理解；为某人力所不及dee

9、p adj.深的；厚的；纵深的；有深的 即时训练I havent looked at the report in depth yet.5 思维拓展deep spreading roots扎得很深的根root crops/vegetables根茎作物/蔬菜pigs rooting for food拱土觅食的猪即时训练Flamenco has its roots(root) in Arabic music.Whos been rooting(root)around in my desk?重点短语1 思维拓展by turns 轮流；交替take ones turn轮流做Its ones turn t

10、o do轮到某人做某事 即时训练They answered the teachers questions in turn.2 思维拓展turn against反对turn away回绝turn up调大；出现turn off关掉turn back往回走turn down关小；调低turn in上交turn on接通；打开 即时训练He turned to his father for advice.3 keep.free of/from使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物) 思维拓展keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep sth.from sb.不将某事告诉某人

11、keep sb.doing sth.使某人不停地做某事keep in touch with与保持联系keep sb./sth.out of sth.不让某人/某物入内keep an eye on sth.注意；看守keep on doing sth.继续做某事 即时训练He wants to keep his son free from worry.4 思维拓展常见的表示列举的短语：(1)such as意为“例如，诸如之类的”，用来列举同类的人或事物中的几个。放在被列举的人或事物之前。A lot of things can be recycled, such as waste paper, w

12、aste plastic bags, and old batteries.很多东西都可以回收，比如废纸、废塑料袋和旧电池。(2)that is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。I have three friends, namely, Tom, Jack and Mike.我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。(3)for example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。Most boys in the class like physics.Tom

13、, for example, shows a special interest in it.班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。 即时训练There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving; for instance, training lions.重点句型1 As for chemical fertilisers， crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。 句式分析to

14、o fast to be.是too.to.结构，该结构意为“太以致不，太而不能”。其中too是副词，用来修饰形容词/副词，to是动词不定式符号。The boy is too young to understand the story.这个男孩太小，理解不了这个故事。 思维拓展使用too.to.结构时应注意：(1)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的动词是及物动词时，不定式中的动词后不能跟宾语。Tom spoke too quickly for us to understand.汤姆说话太快了，我们听不懂。(2)句子主语与构成不定式的动词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且构成不定式的

15、动词是不及物动词时，要在动词后加上适当的介词。The house is too small for the family to live in.房子太小，那家人住不下。(3)too.to.结构并非总是表示否定意义，在以下几种情况中，too.to.结构表示肯定意义：not置于动词不定式前，构成too.not to.结构时，原来表示否定意义的不定式再次受到否定，转而表示肯定意义，该结构意为“太不会不”或“非常必定能”。He is too careful not to have noticed that.他非常小心，肯定注意到了那一点。too.to.结构前有not，never，no longer，b

16、ut，only等词时，这一结构也表示肯定意义。It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。too.to.结构中，too后为anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，excited，ready，satisfied，kind，willing等表示态度、心情、倾向等的形容词时，too相当于very much(极其，十分，非常)，此时该结构表示肯定意义。He is too ready to help others.他十分乐意帮助别人。He is too pleased to receive the pretty gift.收到这份漂亮的礼物，他非常

17、高兴。 即时训练He was too angry to_say(say) a word.2 What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。 句式分析这是一个复合句。What keeps them from doing so是主语从句；that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around t

18、he world是同位语从句。其中keep.from doing so是keep.from doing sth.“阻止做某事”结构。同义表达还有：stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 方法规律这三个结构的主动语态中只有keep.from.中from不能省略；在被动语态中，三个from均不可省略。 即时训练The rain kept us from going out.04体系构建05记忆清单.重点单词1fertiliser n肥料2nutritional adj.营养(物)的nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的nutrition n营养

19、；滋养3alleviate vt.减轻；缓解4poverty n贫穷；贫困5organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的6pesticide n杀虫剂；除害药物7widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的8bacterium n细菌bacteria (pl.) 9digest vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟digestion n消化；领悟10essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的11mineral n矿物；矿物质12alternative n可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的13grocery n食品杂货店groceriespl.食品杂货14in

20、stance n例子；实例；事例15depth n向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)deep adj.深的16root n根；根茎；根部；根源17entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地entire adj.全部的；整个的；完全的18aspect n方面；层面.重点短语1in use在使用2in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流3as for关于；至于4switch to转到；转换到5turn to求助于；求教于；改用6focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于7keeps.free from/of使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)8for instance例如；比如9meet tha

21、t need满足那样的需求06强化训练一. 单词拼写1The drug will alleviate (减轻)her suffering.2There are alternative sources of nutrition(营养) to animal meat.3Many elderly people live in poverty(贫穷)4Organic(有机的)food is unadulterated food produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.5They found a bacterium(细菌) visible

22、to the human eye.6Humans cannot digest(消化) plants such as grass.7Get some more fertiliser(化肥) for this flower.8The plan received widespread(广泛的)support throughout the country.9Money is not essential(完全必要的) to happiness.10He stooped to pick up the carrier bag of groceries(食品杂货)二. 单句语法填空1You could, al

23、ternatively(alternative), hang onto it in the hope that it will be worth millions in 10 years.2The report highlights a number of instances(instance) of injustice.3Whats the depth(deep) of the water here?4The audience was almost entirely(entire)female.5All this played an important role in improving t

24、he ecological environment and speeding up poverty alleviation(alleviate)in poor areas.6It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious(nutrition) foods.7It is essential to_keep(keep)the two groups separate.8The computer has been in use for many years, far beyond its guaranteed life span.9Im t

25、hinking about making a switch to a smaller company.10No one can prevent this plan being_carried(carry)out.11Before an earthquake，the pigs and chickens are usually too nervous to_eat(eat)12They are too young to_understand(understand)what is going on.13The heavy rain kept the soldiers from crossing(cr

26、oss) the river.14They were kept from entering the building.15Theres not a single free vehicle. All the vehicles are in use.16They did the work by turns.17As for Laura and me, the colour of our skin has never mattered.18Then her thoughts would switch to the present.19We can turn to him for help.20The

27、 talks will focus on economic development of the region.21You cannot rely on her, for instance, she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.22Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesnt know whom to turn to.23This meeting focused the worlds attention on the pove

28、rty of some African countries.24Kitty，take your umbrella.It can keep your skin free from/of being burnt.Thank you，mom.25Cooking vegetables reduces their nutritional(nutrition)value.26Image retouching is a technique widespreadly (widespread) used in image tampering.27There are three essentially(essen

29、tial) different ways of tackling the problem.28Warm milk is the ideal breeding ground for bacteria(bacterium)29I am convinced digestion(digest) is the great secret of life.30You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives(alternative)31Their price depended almost

30、entirely(entire) on their scarcity.32Many dolphins can dive to depths(depth)of 200 metres.33They were deeply(deep)disturbed by the accident.34We should see both aspects(aspect)of the problem.三. 选用所给短语的适当形式填空1This sentence doesnt , so they could hardly understand it.2Teenagers who of high school have

31、 trouble finding jobs.3How can I you of her honesty?4We greatly your timely help.5He was afraid he by the company because he was disabled.6He raised several questions that excite and youth.7Many medical workers and scientists further progress in fighting COVID-19 nowadays.8He refused to himself on a

32、 controversial issue.9The reason why he succeeded his determination and persistence.10Lang Ping has been a volleyball stat for more than 35 years and the sport of volleyball, which has made her the most popular figure in Chinas volleyball history.【答案】1make sense 2drop out 3convince 4appreciate 5woul

33、d be rejected 6motivate 7are striving for 8commit 9boiled down to 10devoted to【解析】1考查短语。句意：这句话没有意义，所以他们很难理解。根据“so they could hardly understand it.”可知要填的词为make sense，表示“有意义”，前面有助动词，所以用动词原形，故填make sense。2考查短语。句意：高中辍学的青少年很难找到工作。根据“have trouble finding jobs”可知要填的词为drop out，表示“辍学”；空处为定语从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实，所以用

34、一般现在时态，主语who指代的先行词为名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填drop out。3考查动词。句意：我怎样才能让你相信她的诚实呢？根据“you of her honesty”可知要填的词为convince，表示“使相信”，前面有情态动词，所以用动词原形，convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信某事”。故填convince。4考查动词。句意：我们非常感谢您的及时帮助。根据“your timely help”可知要填的词为appreciate，表示“感谢”，描述现状，用一般现在时，主语是we，所以用动词原形，故填appreciate。5考查动词。句意：他担心自己会因为残疾而被公

35、司拒绝。根据“because he was disabled.”可知要填的词为reject表示“拒绝”，空处为宾语从句的谓语动词，此处为站在过去看将来，所以用过去将来时态，reject和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填would be rejected。6考查动词。句意：他提出了几个让年轻人兴奋和振奋的问题。根据“excite”可知要填的词为motivate，表示“激励”，和excite并列作定语从句的谓语，所以用一般现在时态，故填motivate。7考查短语。句意：如今，许多医务工作者和科学家正在努力争取抗击新冠肺炎的进一步进展。根据“in fighting COVID-19 now

36、adays.”可知要填的词为strive for，表示“为而争取”，根据时间状语nowadays，可知用现在进行时态，故填are striving for。8考查动词。句意：他拒绝就一个有争议的问题作出承诺。根据“a controversial issue”可知要填的词为commit，表示“承诺”，refuse后跟动词不定式，故填commit。9考查短语。句意：他成功的原因归结为他的决心和坚持。根据“his determination and persistence.”可知要填的词为boil down to，表示“归结为”；空处为主句谓语动词，根据定语从句的时态，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般

37、过去时态，故填boiled down to。10考查短语。句意：郎平作为排球明星已有35年多的历史，致力于排球运动，这使她成为中国排球史上最受欢迎的人物。根据“Lang Ping has been a volleyball stat for more than 35 years”可知要填的词为be devoted to，表示“致力于”，承前省略了has been，故填devoted to。pioneering workpursue further studiesstruggle withwork onmajor breakthroughwin a scholarshipin an attemp

38、t tostand outundergraduate studybe interested inJohn Goodenough, born 1922, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 for his work on developing lithium-ion batteries.As a child, Goodenough 11 dyslexia, a learning disorder marked by difficulty in reading and spelling. However, he taught himself

39、to write and eventually 12 to a boarding school. The rigorous and highly structured education there paved the way for his 13 at Yale University, where he graduated with honours in mathematics. Shortly after World War II, Goodenough went to the University of Chicago to 14 . He studied physics, a comp

40、lete new subject for him. But he earned a Ph.Din 1952 and then went to work at MITs Lincoln Laboratory. In 1976, he was invited to manage the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at Oxford University, where he researched the properties of materials 15 produce rechargeable batteries with higher energy dens

41、ity. His 16 led to the invention of safer, faster-charging and longer-lasting rechargeable batteries for mobile devices, electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Receiving the honour at the age of 97, he 17 among his fellow Nobel laureates.Goodenough had been told many times in his career that

42、he was too old to succeed, but he had not taken it to heart. Now, at 97, he 18 the next breakthrough. He still goes to his laboratory every day, researching new types of batteries. He says, “Im only 97. I still have time to go.”【答案】11struggled with 12won a scholarship 13undergraduate study 14pursue

43、further studies 15in an attempt to 16pioneering work 17stood out 18is working on【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了2019年诺贝尔化学奖得主Goodenough的生平经历。11考查动词短语。句意：小时候，Goodenough患有阅读障碍，这是一种以阅读和拼写困难为特征的学习障碍。根据后文描述dyslexia可知，这是一种学习障碍，故选struggle with (与抗争) ，根据as a child可判断时态为一般过去时。 故填struggled with。12考查动词短语。句意：然而，他自学了写作，并最终获得

44、了一所寄宿学校的奖学金。根据本句他克服学习障碍、自学写作以及空后的to a boarding school可知，可以推断这里是他最终获得了一所寄宿学校的奖学金。故选win a scholarship (获得奖学金)，并根据上文时态可知此处应用一般过去时。故填won a scholarship。13考查名词短语。句意：那里严格而结构严密的教育为他在耶鲁大学的本科学习铺平了道路，他在那里以数学荣誉学位毕业。his是形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词，故选名词性的词组。根据本句提到在耶鲁大学，可以推断是他的学习，故选undergraduate study (本科学习)。故填undergraduate st

45、udy。14考查动词短语。句意：第二次世界大战后不久，Goodenough去了芝加哥大学继续深造。根据前文可知他在耶鲁大学读本科，由此推断这里是在芝加哥大学深造，故选pursue further studies(继续深造)，to do为动词不定式结构，故此处用动词原形。故填pursue further studies。15考查介词短语。句意：1976年，他受邀管理牛津大学无机化学实验室，在那里他研究了材料的性质，试图生产出具有更高能量密度的可充电电池。in an attempt to意为“试图，企图；为了”。故填in an attempt to。16考查名词短语。句意：他的开创性工作为移动设备

46、、电动汽车和储能系统发明了更安全、充电更快、使用寿命更长的可充电电池。his是形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词，这里需要名词性的词组。根据本句可知他的研究导致了这种电池的发明，可以推断是开创性的工作，故选pioneering work(开创性的工作)。故填pioneering work。17考查动词短语。句意：他在97岁时获得了这一荣誉，在其他诺贝尔奖获得者中脱颖而出。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。由句意可知，此处指他在97岁时获得了这一荣誉，在其他诺贝尔奖获得者中脱颖而出。故选stand out(脱颖而出)，并根据at the age of 97可知，时态用一般过去时。故填stood out。18

47、考查动词短语。句意：现在，97岁的他正在努力实现下一个突破。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。由句意可知，此处指他正在努力实现下一个突破。故选work on(从事于；致力于)，并根据时间状语Now可知，时态用现在进行时。故填is working on。四 阅读理解AThomas Andrews was born in Belfast in 1813, son of a merchant. He was described as “a modest, silent boy with a great capacity for general knowledge”. He had published th

48、e first of his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14. Shortly after this his second publication “On the detection of Baryta or Strontia when in union with Lime” appeared in the same journal.He started

49、his formal study of chemistry in 1828 at Glasgow University under Thomas Thomson and continued it later in Paris. There he worked in the laboratories of J. BDumas and L. J. Thenard, where he learned chemical analysis from these most distinguished French analytical chemists. Returning to Dublin, he t

50、ook a BAdegree at Trinity College Dublin before completing his medical studies in Edinburgh. At 23 he became a physician in Belfast, as well as professor of chemistry at the Belfast Academical Institute. His medical commitments in the next ten years meant he had little time for experimentation but h

51、e still managed to publish a number of scientific papers.When the Queens College opened in 1845, he became its first professor of chemistry, as well as its Vice-President. As an outstanding experimentalist, he was the first to show that ozone is another form of oxygen. Using narrow-bore, thick glass

52、 capillary tubes (毛细管), to contain gases under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, he was able to show that Boyles Law did not apply in these extreme conditions. He established the crucial concept of critical temperature and critical pressure. His discoveries led to the liquefaction of a

53、ll gases, some of which had previously been thought not to be able to exist as liquids. Internationally recognized, he was elected to many scientific academies, and in 1867, became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.19What can be known about teenage Thomas Andrews?AH

54、e was a faithful reader of Philosophical Magazine.BHe was nationally famous.CHe had strong interest in science.DHe was excellent in every subject.20Why did Andrews go to Paris?ATo complete one of his papers.BTo learn from French scientists.CTo earn a BAdegree in chemistry.DTo further his medical stu

55、dies.21Why is Boyles Law mentioned in the last paragraph?ATo analyse a phenomenon.BTo demonstrate an old theory.CTo introduce Andrews discovery.DTo illustrate a chemistry experiment.22Which is the right order of the following events?aThomas Andrews became a physician in Belfast.bThomas Andrews publi

56、shed his first paper in a magazine.cThomas Andrews studied chemistry at Glasgow University.dThomas Andrews was appointed Vice-President of the Queens College.Ad-a-b-cBb-a-d-cCd-b-a-cDb-c-a-d【答案】19C 20B 21C 22D【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍的是Thomas Andrews的个人生平和取得的成就。19推理判断题。根据首段中的“He had published the first of

57、his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14.(14岁时，他在哲学杂志上发表了第一篇科学论文，题为论吹管推动的火焰对其他火焰的作用。)”可知，在Thomas Andrews14岁时就发表了他许多科学论文的第一篇，结合“Shortly after this his second publication “On the detection of Baryta or

58、Strontia when in union with Lime” appeared in the same journal.(不久之后，他的第二篇论文论与Lime结合时对Baryta或Strontia的探测发表在同一杂志上。)”可知，不久之后，他的第二篇科学论文论与Lime结合时对Baryta或Strontia的探测已发表在同一杂志上，由此可推断，青少年时候的Thomas Andrews对科学很感兴趣。故选C项。20推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There he worked in the laboratories of J. B. Dumas and L. J. Thenard, where

59、 he learned chemical analysis from these most distinguished French analytical chemists.(在那里，他在杜马和德纳德的实验室工作，师从这两位最杰出的法国分析化学家学习化学分析。)”可知，Thomas Andrews在巴黎与两位杰出的法国分析化学家学习化学分析，由此可知，Thomas Andrews去巴黎是为了向法国的科学家学习。故选B项。21推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Using narrow-bore, thick glass capillary tubes (毛细管), to contain gases un

60、der extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, he was able to show that Boyles Law did not apply in these extreme conditions.(他使用窄孔厚玻璃毛细管，在极端温度和压力条件下盛装气体，证明Boyle定律不适用于这些极端条件。)”可知，Thomas Andrews利用实验证明Boyle定律不适用于这些极端条件，所以此处提到Boyle定律是为了说明Andrews的发现。故选C项。22细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thomas Andrews was born in B

61、elfast in 1813, son of a merchant.(Thomas Andrews 于1813年出生在贝尔法斯特，是一个商人的儿子。)”以及“He had published the first of his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14.(14岁时，他在哲学杂志上发表了第一篇科学论文，题为论吹管推动的火焰对其他火焰的作用。)”可知，他的

62、第一篇科学论文发表于1827年；根据第二段中的“He started his formal study of chemistry in 1828 at Glasgow University under Thomas Thomson and continued it later in Paris.(1828年，他在格拉斯哥大学托马斯汤姆森的指导下开始正式学习化学，后来在巴黎继续学习。)”可知，他在1828年开始学习化学；根据第二段中的“At 23 he became a physician in Belfast, as well as professor of chemistry at the

63、Belfast Academical Institute.(23岁时，他成为贝尔法斯特的一名医生，同时也是贝尔法斯特学术研究所的化学教授。)”可知，Thomas Andrews在1836年成为一名医生；根据尾段“Internationally recognized, he was elected to many scientific academies, and in 1867, became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.(他被选为许多科学院院士，并于1867年成为英国科学促进会主席。)

64、”可知，他在1867年成为英国促进会的主席，所以，正确的顺序应为b-c-a-d。故选D项。BAround 1886 Albert Einstein began his school career in Munich. As well as his violin lessons, which he had from age six to age thirteen. Two years later he entered the Luitpold Gymnasium and after his religious education was given at school. He studied m

65、athematics, beginning around 1891.In 1894 Einsteins family moved to Milan but Einstein remained in Munich. In 1895 Einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to study for a diploma as an electrical engineer at the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule in Zurich. Einstein gave up Germa

66、n citizenship in 1896 and was to be stateless for a number of years. He didnt even apply for Swiss citizenship until 1899, citizenship being granted in 1901.By 1909, Einstein was recognized as a leading scientific thinker. He was appointed a full professor at the Karl-Ferdinand University in Prague

67、in 1911. In fact, 1911 was a very significant year for Einstein since he was able to make predictions about how a ray of light from a distant star, passing near the Sun, would appear to be bent slightly, in the direction of the Sun. this would be high significant as it would lead to the first experi

68、mental evidence in favor of Einsteins theory.When British eclipse expeditions (日食探险队) in 1919 confirmed his predictions. Einstein was idolized (崇拜) by the popular press. The London Times ran the headline on 7 November 1919:Revolution in science new theory of the Universe Newtonian ideas overthrown.I

69、n 1920 Einsteins lectures in Berlin were stopped by demonstrations which, although officially denied, were almost certainly anti-Jewish. Certainly there were strong feelings expressed against his works during this period which Einstein replied to in the press quoting Lorentz, Planck and Eddington as

70、 supporting his theories.Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for reality rather for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect. In fact he was not present in December 1922 to receive the prize being on a voyage to Japan. Around this time he made many international visits. He had visited

71、 Paris earlier in 1922 and during 1923 he visited Palestine. After making his last major scientific discovery on the association of waves with matter in 1924 he made further visits in 1925, this time to South America.In 1949 Einstein became a citizen of the United States, but chose to retain his Swi

72、ss citizenship. He made many contributions to peace during his life. In 1944 he made a contribution to the war effort by hand writing his 1905 paper on special relativity and putting it up for auction (拍卖). It raised six million dollars, the manuscript today being in the Library of Congress.By 1949

73、Einstein was unwell. A spell in hospital helped him recover but he began to prepare for death by drawing up his will in 1950. He left his scientific papers to the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a university which he had raised funds for on his first visit to the USA, served as a governor of the uni

74、versity from 1925 to 1928 but he had turned down the offer of a post in 1922 as he was very critical of its administration.One more major event was to take place in his life. After the death of the first president of Israel in 1952, the Israeli government decided to offer the post of the second pres

75、ident to Einstein. He refused but found the offer an embarrassment since it was hard for him to refuse without causing offence.One week before his death Einstein signed his last letter. It was a letter to Bertrand Russell in which he agreed that his name should go on a manifesto urging all nations t

76、o give up nuclear weapons.23Whats the nationality of Einstein?AAmericaBSwissCGermanyDAmerica and Swiss24Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for _.Athe theory of relativityBpredictions on the ray of lightCthe photoelectric effectDhis discovery on the association of waves with matter25Einstein wasnt

77、present at the ceremony to receive the Nobel Prize because _AHe was a JewBHe wanted to show his opposition to the warCHe was on the way to Japan thenDHe was very busy giving lectures26Which of the following statements is TRUE?AHe raised 6 million dollars by hand writing his paper on special relativi

78、ty for world peace.BHe was offered the post of the first president of Israel.CHe didnt leave his scientific papers to the Hebrew University in Jerusalem for he was very identical of its administration.DEinstein was opposed to the idea of giving up nuclear weapon.【答案】23D 24C 25C 26A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的

79、是爱因斯坦的个人生平以及他为世界所做出的贡献。23细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“In 1949 Einstein became a citizen of the United States, but chose to retain his Swiss citizenship.(1949年，爱因斯坦成为美国公民，但他选择保留瑞士国籍。)”可知，1949年爱因斯坦成为美国公民，同时保留着瑞士的国籍，所以爱因斯坦的国籍为美国和瑞士。故选D项。24细节理解题。根据倒数第五段中的“Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for reality

80、 rather for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect.(爱因斯坦在1921年获得了诺贝尔奖，但不是因为实际情况，而是因为他在1905年对光电效应的研究。)”可知，爱因斯坦获得诺贝尔奖是因为他在1905年的光电效应的研究。故选C项。25细节理解题。根据倒数第五段中的“In fact he was not present in December 1922 to receive the prize being on a voyage to Japan.(事实上，1922年12月他在前往日本的途中没有出席领奖。)”可知，爱因斯坦因在去往日本的途中，

81、所以没有出席领奖。故选C项。26细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中的“In 1944 he made a contribution to the war effort by hand writing his 1905 paper on special relativity and putting it up for auction (拍卖). It raised six million dollars, the manuscript today being in the Library of Congress.(1944年，他手写了1905年关于狭义相对论的论文，并将其拍卖，为战争做出了贡献。它筹集

82、了600万美元，手稿现在保存在国会图书馆。)”可知，爱因斯坦手写了一篇狭义相对论的论文并将其拍卖，筹集了600万美元为世界和平做出很大的贡献，所以A项正确；根据倒数第二段中的“After the death of the first president of Israel in 1952, the Israeli government decided to offer the post of the second president to Einstein.(1952年以色列第一任总统去世后，以色列政府决定让爱因斯坦担任第二任总统。)”以色列政府让爱因斯坦为第二任总统，不是第一任，所以B项错误

83、；根据倒数第三段中的“He left his scientific papers to the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a university which he had raised funds for on his first visit to the USA, served as a governor of the university from 1925 to 1928 but he had turned down the offer of a post in 1922 as he was very critical of its adminis

84、tration.(他把他的科学论文留给了耶路撒冷的希伯来大学，这所大学是他第一次访问美国时筹集的资金，他在1925年到1928年担任该大学的校长，但他在1922年拒绝了一个职位，因为他对学校的管理非常不满。)”可知，他把科学论文留给了耶路撒冷的希伯来大学，所以C项错误；根据尾段中的“One week before his death Einstein signed his last letter. It was a letter to Bertrand Russell in which he agreed that his name should go on a manifesto urgin

85、g all nations to give up nuclear weapons.(在他去世前一周，爱因斯坦签署了他的最后一封信。这是一封写给伯特兰罗素(Bertrand Russell)的信，他在信中同意自己的名字应该出现在一份敦促所有国家放弃核武器的宣言上。)”可知，在爱因斯坦签署的最后一封信中，提到同意自己的名字出现在敦促所有国家放弃核武器的宣言上，所以，爱因斯坦赞成放弃核武器，所以D项错误。故选A项。五 .语法填空AWu Jianxiong earned many nicknames throughout her years as a physicist, including “the

86、 First Lady of Physics” and “Chinese Marie Curie.” Born on May 31,1912,Wu Jianxiong and her father were very close 27 her father was the one encouraged her to pursue (追求) her education as far as she could, even though few women 28 (encourage) to pursue higher education in China at the time. Wus fath

87、er opened a school 29 she attended until she went to a boarding school in Suzhou.Wu was awarded many times for her professional 30 (achieve) she was a pioneer in a male-dominated (男性主导的) field 31 she turned her challenges in the sciences 32 opportunities at every turn.Regarded as a true heroine and

88、as the “ 33 (great) female Chinese scientist in the twentieth century”, Wu has encouraged future generations of physicists with her work. After retirement, Wu focused on encouraging young girls to pursue careers through educational programs and 34 (speak) about her struggle to acquire recognition fo

89、r her work, hoping 35 (influence) women across the U.S. and China. She passed away on February 16, 1997. She was buried in the courtyard of Mingde School in China, 36 school her father started and she attended as a young girl.【答案】27and 28were encouraged 29which/that 30achievements 31where 32into 33G

90、reatest 34spoke 35to influence 36the【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名物理学家吴健雄的生平和成就，对女性的影响。27考查连词。句意：吴健雄出生于1912年5月31日，她和父亲的关系非常亲密，她的父亲鼓励她尽可能地追求自己的教育，尽管当时中国很少有女性被鼓励去接受高等教育。根据前文“Wu Jianxiong and her father were very close”和后文“her father was the one encouraged her to pursue (追求) her education as far as she could”可知，

91、两句是并列顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。28考查动词语态。句意：吴健雄出生于1912年5月31日，她和父亲的关系非常亲密，她的父亲鼓励她尽可能地追求自己的教育，尽管当时中国很少有女性被鼓励去接受高等教育。分析句子结构可知，encourage在从句中作谓语，主语是women，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，句子描述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，主语是复数，be动词使用were。故填were encouraged。29考查定语从句。句意：吴的父亲开办了一所学校，她一直在那里上学，直到她去了苏州的一所寄宿学校。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是school，关系词在从句中作

92、宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。30考查名词复数。句意：吴因其专业成就多次获奖，她是男性主导领域的先驱，她将科学中的挑战转化为机遇。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，achieve名词形式是“achievement”，为可数名词，根据句意，应用复数形式。故填achievements。31考查定语从句。句意：吴因其专业成就多次获奖，她是男性主导领域的先驱，她将科学中的挑战转化为机遇。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是field，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。32考查介词。句意：吴因其专业

93、成就多次获奖，她是男性主导领域的先驱，她将科学中的挑战转化为机遇。分析句子结构可知，此处是动词短语turn into意为“变成”。故填into。33考查形容词最高级。句意：她被视为真正的女英雄，被誉为“20世纪最伟大的中国女科学家”，她的工作激励了未来几代物理学家。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应用最高级形式，为称号，首字母应大写。故填Greatest。34考查动词时态。句意：退休后，吴专注于通过教育项目鼓励年轻女孩追求事业，并谈到了她为获得认可而付出的努力，希望能影响美国和中国的女性。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的focused并列，一起作并列谓语，所以也

94、用一般过去时。故填spoke。35考查非谓语动词。句意：退休后，吴专注于通过教育项目鼓励年轻女孩追求事业，并谈到了她为获得认可而付出的努力，希望能影响美国和中国的女性。分析句子结构可知，此处动词短语hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”。故填to influence。36考查冠词。句意：她被安葬在中国明德学堂的院子里，这是她父亲创办的学校，她小时候就读于这所学校。分析句子结构可知，空后的school，为前文提到的吴父亲创办的学校，上文提到的事物，下文再提到时，需在前加the。故填the。BZu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicia

95、ns (数学家) in ancient China.He was born during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. From a young age, Zu 37 (teach) natural science, astronomy (天文学)，math and so on. The little boy was 38 (interest) in all of these subjects， 39 (especial) in math. Zu was best known for his calculation(计算)of pi(). Accor

96、ding to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks. 40 took him lots of time to work out the value- 41 531415926 and 31415927.No one at that time was able to do better than Zu. And now the achievement is still praised by people around the world.In order to remember Zu, some math

97、ematicians suggest 42 (call) pi “Zu Lv”.Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy. He worked out that a year should be 36524281481 days long and created the Daming Calendar. 43 , government officials at that time did not agree with Zu. The great mathematician never saw his calendar p

98、ut 44 use. Almost ten years after his 45 (die),the new calendar was finally accepted. Zu was an inventor, too. He once made a vehicle (车辆) 46 carried a pointer (指针). No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.【答案】37was taught 38interested 39especially 40It 41between 42

99、calling 43However 44into 45death 46that/which【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代最伟大的数学家祖冲之的个人经历以及贡献。37考查时态语态。句意：祖自幼学习自然科学、天文学、数学等。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文From a young age可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Zu，谓语用单数。故填was taught。38考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都很感兴趣，尤其是数学。作表语，主语为人应用-ed结尾形容词interested。故填interested。39考查副词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都很感兴趣，尤其是数学。

100、修饰后文介词短语应用副词especially，故填especially。40考查固定句型。句意：他花了很长时间才算出这个值在531415926和31415927之间。此处为句型it took/takes sb. some time to do sth.，it作形式主语，首字母大写。故填It。41考查介词。句意：他花了很长时间才算出这个值在531415926和31415927之间。此处表示两者之间应用betweenand。故填between。42考查非谓语动词。句意：为了纪念祖，一些数学家建议称圆周率为“祖律”。短语suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”。故填calling。43考查副词。句意：然而，当时的政府官员并不同意祖的观点。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用however，首字母大写。故填However。44考查介词。句意：这位伟大的数学家从未看到他的日历投入使用。表示“投入使用”短语为put .into use。故填into。45考查名词。句意：在他死后将近十年，新历法终于被接受了。作介词的宾语，应用名词death，不可数。故填death。46考查定语从句。句意：他曾经制造过一种携带指示器的车辆。定语从句修饰先行词vehicle，在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。