Unit 5　Educational exchanges【速记清单】-2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元速记•巧练（牛津沪教版）.docx

1、Unit 5Educational exchangesUnit5话题文化交流词汇1.educational /edukenl/ adj. 有关教育的；有教育意义的2.exchange /kstend/ n. 交流；互访3.culture /klt(r)/ n. 文化4.host /hst/ n. 主人5.local /lkl/ adj. 地方的；当地的6.British /brt/ adj. 英国的7.glad /ld/ adj. 高兴；愉快8.guest /est/ n. 客人；宾客9.chopstick /tpstk/ n. 筷子10.weekday /wikde/ n. 工作日(星期一至

2、星期五的某一天)11.tour /t(r); t(r)/ v. 在旅游12.fantastic /fntstk/ adj. 极好的；了不起的13.experience /ksprins/ n. (一次)经历，体验14.already /lredi/ adv. 已经；早已15.introduce /ntrdjus/ v. 使初次了解；使尝试16.success /skses/ n. 成功17.yet /jet/ adv. 尚未；仍未18.respect/ rspekt/ v. 慎重对待；尊重短语1.at first 起初；起先2.so far 到目前为止；迄今为止3.a bit of 小量4.i

3、ntroduce. to. 使初次了解；使尝试e over (to) (通常远距离地)从到6.at the weekend 在周末7.tour around 环旅行8.places of interest 名胜古迹9.as well 也10.one another 彼此；互相11.take part in 参与；参加12.on time 按时；准时13.apply for 申请；请求14.make friends 交朋友句型1.The students spend the weekdays studying with Chinese students.学生们在工作日与中国学生一起学习。2.It

4、s been a fantastic experience so far.到目前为止，这是一次美妙的经历。3.I havent have much success yet, but Ill keep trying.我还没有太多的成功，但我会继续努力。4.Well see one another soon because theyll come over to the UK for the second part of the exchange next month.我们很快就可以见面了，因为下个月他们将到英国进行第二阶段的交流。5.However, the British students a

5、re the same age as me, so I think well become good friends. 然而，英国学生和我年龄相仿，所以我认为我们会成为好朋友。6.They have (not) made a lot of new friends.他们(没)交了很多新朋友。7.Has she made a lot of new friends? 她交了很多新朋友吗？Yes, she has. 是的，她有。No, she has not. 不，她没有。8.Sarah has already seen many places of interest in Beijing.萨拉已经参

6、观了北京的许多名胜古迹。9.Have you ever visited the Summer Palace?你去过颐和园吗？No, I have never visited the Summer Palace.不，我从未去过颐和园。10.Have you done any shopping yet, Alice?你买东西了吗，爱丽丝？No, I havent done any shopping yet.没有，我还没买过东西。11.Have you seen Big Ben yet?你看到大本钟了吗？Yes, Ive already seen it.是的，我已经看过了。语法现在进行时写作谈论文化

7、交流要点 1 a little , little , a few , fewa little 意思是“一点点，稍许”用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可以修饰形容词和副词的原级或比较级，表示程度。辨析： a little , little , a few , fewa little修饰不可数名词表示肯定，意为“不多的”little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”a few修饰复数可数名词表肯定，意为“几个，一些”few表否定，“不多的，少数的”【典例分析】一、用 few, a few, little, a little 填空1. Please hurry up. There is _ time lef

8、t.【解析】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。2. Please dont worry. There is still _ time left.【解析】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。3. The box is very heavy. And _of us can lift it.【解析】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。4. There is _ink in my pen, Please give me_.【解析】l

9、ittle a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。5. Simon makes _ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.【解析】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。6.There is _food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.【解析】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。7.The question is difficult and _

10、 students can answer it.【解析】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。8.The question is difficult but _ students can answer it.【解析】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。二、单项选择9. Do you have any water?Yes, there is _ in my glass.A. littleB. a fewC. a littleD. few【答案】C【解析】句意：你有水吗？是的，我的杯子里有一点。考查形容词。few几乎没有

11、，修饰可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词，little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一些，修饰不可数名词；a few, a little含肯定意味，few, little含否定意味，根据Yes, 可知是肯定的，water是不可数名词，用a little修饰；故选C。10. In our school, _ students like English, but _ of them can speak it smoothly (流利地).A. a little; a fewB. a few; fewC. a few; littleD. a little; few【答案】B【解析】句

12、意：在我们学校，少数学生喜欢英语，但很少有人能流利地说英语。考查词汇辨析，few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义“没有，几乎没有”，a few表示有肯定意思“有几个”；little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思“没有，几乎没有”，a little 表示肯定意思“有一点儿”；students复数，可知第一空应该用a few；再根据“but”表转折，可知应该是很少有人能流利地说英语，用few，故选B。11. The boy in black is new here, so _ people know him.A. fewB. a fewC.

13、littleD. a little【答案】A【解析】句意：这个穿黑色衣服的男孩是新来的，因此很少有人认识他。考查不定代词辨析。few很少，表示否定含义，修饰可数名词复数；a few几个，表达肯定含义，修饰可数名词复数；little很少，表达否定含义，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，表达肯定含义，修饰不可数名词。根据上文“The boy in black is new here”，可知设空处表示否定含义，people是集合名词，需用few修饰，故选A。12. Dont worry. The train starts at 5:00 p.m. We still have _ time.A.

14、fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little【答案】D【解析】句意：不要担心。火车在下午5点出发。我们还有一点时间。考查不定代词辨析。few几乎没有，表示否定，修饰可数名词；a few几个，一些，表示肯定，修饰可数名词；little几乎没有，表示否定，修饰不可数名词；a little少数的，表示肯定，修饰不可数名词。空后的time是不可数名词，可排除AB两项；根据上文“Dont worry. The train starts at 5:00 p.m.”可知还有时间，空处表示肯定意义，故选D。要点2 try try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力做某事”，指试图做某种很难

15、的事，其否定形式为try not to do sth.。如： He tried to work out the problem. 他努力地去解决这个问题。 try doing sth.表示“试着（用什么方法）去做某事”。如： Lets try doing the exercise in another way. 让我们试一试用另外一种方法做这道练习题。比较：【典例分析】1.Chinese parents always try their best _ a good education environment for their kids. A. provide B. to provide C.

16、 providing【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事。2.He tries _music well, so he practices _music every day.A. to learn; to sing B. learning; singing C. to learn; singing D. learning; to sing【答案】C【解析】句意“他尽量把音乐学好，所以他每天都练习唱歌”。try to do尽力做，try doing sth尝试做某事。根据so he practices _ music every da

17、y可知，他要尽力把音乐学好，排除B和D。再根据practise doing“练习做某事”可知，故选C。3.本学期我会尽力学好物理。Ill _ _ _ _ learn physics well this term.= Ill _ _learn physics well this term.【答案】try my best to/ try to 4.去尝试一下，不要害羞。Just _ _ _ Dont be shy. 【答案】have a try要点 3 educational【思维导图】【典例分析】 1， 他们是教育工作者， 他把他的一生都献给了教育工作。They are_. they dedic

18、ated their life to the_ work2, 教育儿童需要耐心.It takes patience to _children【点拨】：1. educators 名词，教育工作者。educational 教育的，有教育意义的。形容词。修饰名词。 2，educate教育动词。要点3 exchangeExchange(1)作动词，意为“交换”，引申可表示“交流”经验、思想等。例如：The two girls always exchanged Christmas gifts.两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物。We shall have opportunity to exchange views

19、 tomorrow.我们明天有机会交换看法。（2）exchange作及物动词时，其宾语后常接介词for，表示“以换取”；接介词with表示“与某人交换(某物)/与某人交流（想法等）”。例如：Id like to exchange a watch for a camera.我想用表换相机。Would you like to exchange places with me? 你愿意跟我换一下地方吗? 【思维导图】【拓展】（1）exchange作名词，意为“交换”。例如： There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two gove

20、rnments.两国政府间曾多次交换意见。（2）exchange作名词，意为“兑换，兑换率”。例如：Id like to know the exchange rate for German marks. 我想知道德国马克的兑换率。（3）exchange作名词，意为“交易所”。例如：She works at the Stock Exchange. 她在证券交易所工作。【典例分析】1 我们将开个会来交流经验。(根据汉语意思补全句子) Well hold a meeting _ _ experience.2. We discuss and _ opinions _ each other.A. exc

21、hange; to B. exchange; with C. talk; with【点拨】：1，to exchange 交流，互换。动词。 2，B exchange with 与。交流。句意：我们讨论相互交换了意见。要点4 be worried about 为担忧【解析】be worried about意为“担心”，强调状态，后面接名词、代词、或动词-ing形式作宾语。其中worried是形容词，意为“担心的；担忧的”。We are all worried about her health. 我们都为她的健康担忧。【拓展】worry作动词，意为“担心；担忧”，worry about 意为“担心

22、”，强调动作。Dont worry about her. She can pass the test because she studies hard.不要担心她。因为她努力学习，她可以通过考试的。【典例分析】1.我很担心我弟弟。I_ _ _ my brother. I_ _ my brother. 【答案】am worried about worry about 2. It was getting too dark. Lisa didnt arrive home. Her parents were _ her safety.A. relaxed aboutB. excited aboutC.

23、 worried aboutD. busy with【答案】C【解析】句意：天越来越黑了。丽莎没有到家。她的父母担心她的安全。考查短语辨析题。A.be relaxed about放松；B.be excited about对感到兴奋；C.be worried about担心；D.be busy with从事。根据上文It was getting too dark. Lisa didnt arrive home.，可知其父母很担心，故选C。要点5 waitwait 作为动词，意为“等待”。 wait to do sth. “等候做某事” cant wait to do sth. “迫不及待去做某事

24、” wait for sb./sth. “等待某人/某物”wait a moment/minute “等一会儿”【典例分析】1.瞧，一些人正等着吃中餐。Look! Some people_ _ _ _ lunch.【解析】are waiting to have. wait to do sth. “等候做某事”2.我迫不及待地要去看望乡下的爷爷和奶奶。I _ _ _ _ my grandparents in the countryside.【解析】cant wait to visit. Cant wait to do sth. “迫不及待去做某事”3.我爸爸每天总是在校门口等我。My fathe

25、r always _ _me at the school gate every day.【解析】waits for. wait for sb./sth. “等待某人/某物”4.等我一会儿，我就来。_ _ _. Im coming. 【解析】Wait a moment/minute5.My parents said that they would come to visit me .I couldnt _ to see them after several months away from home .A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford 【解析】考查动词辨析。

26、语境表示，“我”父母说他们要来看“我”，“我”迫不及待地想看到他们。cant/couldnt wait to do sth.为固定短语，意为“迫不及待做某事”，符合题意。故选A。要点6辨析：take part in & join & join in take part in意为“参加，参与”，指参加某种活动并在其中起作用。Have you ever taken part in any English competitions? 你曾经参加过英语比赛吗？ join意为“参加；加入”，指参加党、团组织、军队或人群等并成为其中一员。My elder brother joined the army l

27、ast year. 我哥哥去年参军了。join in意为“参加”，其后接活动，join in多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等,常用于日常口语.The young man joined in the game at last.年青人最后也加入到比赛中。【典例分析】1. 用takepartin、joinin和join的适当形式填空。1） I hope that youll _ the discussion this afternoon.2.)It is three months since he _ the football club. 3) All the students _ the a

28、ctivity of planting trees last week.【答案】1)join in多指参加小规模的活动. 2)joined 3)took part in“参加，参与”，指参加某种活动并在其中起作用。2.Im going to Hong Kong next month. What about you, Jenny?I will _ social practice.A. take part in B. take place C. take off D. take action 【答案】A句意：我下个月要去香港。你呢，珍妮？我要参加社会实践。take place发生 take off

29、脱下 take action 采取措施。3.Do you want to Mikes birthday party?A. go B. come C. join D. take part in【答案】D【解析】句意：你想要来参加迈克的生日聚会吗？go去，不及物动词；come来，不及物动词；join+组织/团体,加入某种组织或团体，成为其中一员；take part in表示参加某种活动。参加此处的宾语Mikes birthday party表示一种活动，故用 take part in。故选D。要点7 culture【思维导图】【典例分析】1. We should try our best to p

30、rotect our natural and _ (culture) treasure.【点拨】：cultural 句意：我们应该努力保护我们的自然和文化遗产。要点8 host【思维导图】【典例分析】1.他是一档著名节目的主持人。他正在主持节目。He is the_ of a famous programme. He_ _a programme now2.The _ (host) is very kind and she asks us to help ourselves. 【点拨】：1, host 作名词用。主持人。主人。 is hosting host 动词主持。2， hostess 女主

31、人。要点9 successsuccess 表示抽象意义的“成功”，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如：Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。His new book was a great success.他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。【拓展】（1）succeed 表示“成功”，是不及物动词；表示做某事做成功了，succeed 后通常接in doing sth。例如：His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。At last he succeeded in solving the problem. 他终于把那

32、个问题解决了。She succeeded in (passing) the exam. 她考试及格了。（2）successful作形容词，意为“成功的”；其副词形式是successfully。例如：The performance was successful. 演出很成功。It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。【典例分析】1. success, succeed, successful , successfully填空。1）He is a _ business man.2）At last Mike _ passing the exam.3）Failu

33、re is the mother of _.4）You can finish this task _ by hard working.5）At last he _ in solving the problem. 6）His new book was a great _. 【答案】1）Successful 2）succeeded in 3）success 4）Successfully5）succeeded succeed in doing sth表示做某事做成功了.动词。 6）success 2.他终于把那个问题解决了。At last he _ _solving the problem. 【答案

34、】succeeded in3. David has became a _ writer. He wrote a book _.Asuccessfulsuccessful Bsuccess successful Csucceed successful Dsuccessful successfully【答案】D 名词前面用形容词修饰，副词修饰动词。故选D。4.The _ man _ in finishing the work on time. A. successfully; successful B. succeeded; successfulC. success; successful D.

35、successful; succeeded【答案】用语法分析法。句意为“这位成功人士按时完成了工作”。根据语境可知, man是名词, 前面要用形容词修饰, 所以第一空是形容词; 第二空应是动词, succeed in doing sth. 表示成功做某事。故选D5. Please remember, “Failure is the mother of _.” And Im sure you will be _ in teaching. A. success; succeeded B. succeed; successful C. success; a success D. a success;

36、 a success 【答案】考查success的用法。句意为“请记住失败是成功之母。我肯定你会成为教学上的成功者”。success作“成功”之意讲时是不可数名词; 作可数名词表示“成功的人(或事)”; success的形容词“successful”意为“成功的”。故选C。6.Frederick _ entered the final competition last month. His hobby has brought him _. A. successful; success B. successful; successfullyC. successfully; successD. s

37、uccessfully; successful【答案】C。句意：弗雷德里克上个月成功地进入了决赛。他的爱好给他带来了成功。副词修饰动词。要点10 respect【思维导图】【典例分析】1，我非常尊敬你的哥哥。I have the greatest _ for your brother.2, 你们应该自重You should _yourselves3, They are _ (respect) scientists. 【点拨】1. respect 名词，尊重。 2.respect 尊重。动词。 3.respectable 形容词。令人尊重的。要点11 experience （1）experien

38、ce用作及物动词，表示“体验，经历”等。例如：The child has never experienced kindness. 这孩子从未受过善待。Have you ever experienced any jungle life？你曾经体验过丛林生活吗？【注意】有时experience的过去分词experienced也用作形容词。例如：Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使有经验的教师也可能犯错误。（2）experience用作不可数名词，表示“经验”；而表示“经历，感受”时，通常是可数名词。 例如：Experience is the

39、 best teacher. 经验是最好的老师。He has had much experience in this kind of work. 他有丰富的经验做这项工作。Experiences have taught us that chances may be more important than skills.经历告诉我们机遇可能比技能更重要。【典例分析】1.他有许多教学经验。He has _ _in English teaching.【点拨】much experience 经验不可数名词。2.In April，the weather in some places in Shanxi

40、was really changeable. People still remember they have four seasons in a week.（山西）A. organized B. experienced C. described 【点拨】此题用词义辨析法。organize “组织”； experience “经历”； describe “描述”。根据句意“在四月，山西一些地方的天气真是多变。人们仍然记得他们在一周内四个季节。”可知答案。3.Mrs. Zhang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last y

41、ear. She said she would never forget some pleasant while working there.A. experiments B. expressions C. experiences D. emotions【点拨】C。句意：张太太去年被派到一个贫穷的山村教英语。-她说她永远不会忘记在那里工作时的愉快经历。A. experiments 实验 B. expressions 表达，表情。 C. experiences 经历。这里可数名词。 D. emotions 情绪。通过句意，选C4.Our journey by camel was _.A. a p

42、leasant experience B. an experience pleasantC. pleasant experience D. experience pleasant【点拨】A experience在这里作“经历”的意思。是可数名词。故答案选A。 要点12 a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿” 二者的主要用法如下： a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、 副词及其比较级, 可以换用, 表示“一点儿”。The speaker spoke up a bit/a little loudly so as to make himself heard m

43、ore clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。a bit 和 a little都作“稍微；一点儿” a bit 和 a little 在否定句中, 意思正好相反。 not a bit = not at all 一点儿都不 not a little = very (much) 很、非常Im not a bit tired. = Im not tired at all. 我一点也不累。 Im not a little tired. = Im very tired. 我非常累。 a little可以直接作定语修饰名词, 而a bit则要在后面加of 构成短语才能作定语, 两者都

44、只能修饰不可数名词。Theres only a little / a bit of food left for lunch.午餐只剩一点儿食品了a bit of , a bit , a little a bit of一点修饰不可数名词a bit 稍微，有点修饰形容词、副词的原级、比较级a little不多的既可以修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰形容词、副词的原级、比较级【典例分析】1. The new student is _ shy.A. a little bit B. little C. a bit of D. bit【点拨】A。a little bit 等于a little 或者a bit ，

45、可以修饰形容词。a bit of 只能修饰不可数名词。little 和bit 都不可以修饰形容词。本题空格后是形容词shy，故选A。用a little, a bit或a bit of填空. （1-3题）2.He feels _ better today. 【点拨】a little/a bit . a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级3.She is _ tired. 【点拨】a little/ a bit a bit ; a little都可以用作程度副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或比较级4.There is _ milk in the bottle

46、. 【点拨】a little/a bit of a bit ; a little都可以修饰不可数名词数量，而a bit必须与of连用。5. His younger brother feels _ better today. A. more B. a bit ofC. a littleD. too【点拨】C句意：他的小弟弟今天感觉有点好了。考查副词辨析。根据句中的better为形容词最高级，判断应该使用可以修饰形容词及其比较级形式的程度副词。而供选答案中只有a little可以。供选C。6. There is _ water in the bottle. You can drink it. A.

47、 a bitB. littleC. a bit ofD. a little of【点拨】C句意：在瓶子里还有一点水。你可以把它喝掉。考查易混词辨析。根据句中你可以喝掉，判断瓶子里应该还有水，而供选答案中可以用来修饰不可数名词water肯定意义的只有 a bit of；a little修饰不可数名词数量不与of连用。供选C。要点13 introduce （1）introduce作及物动词，意为“介绍”，常用搭配introduce sb. to sb. else.把某人介绍给另一人；introduce oneself 自我介绍。例如：Allow me to introduce a friend t

48、o you.让我给你介绍一个朋友。May I introduce myself? 我可以自我介绍吗？Let me introduce myself.让我做了个自我介绍。introduce sb. to sth. 使某人初次了解;使尝试。introduce sb. to sb. 介绍某人给某人认识【典例分析】【典例分析】1.杰克让我了解了这款新型手机。Jack_ _ _ the new type of mobile phone.【点拨】 introduced me to “使。了解到” 1.Read the carefully. They will help you know how to us

49、e the machine.A. instructions B. decisions C. results D. introductions【点拨】A考查名词辨析。instructions“使用说明”;decisions“决定”;results“结果”;introductions“前言,介绍”。由后句“它们会帮你了解怎样使用这台机器”可推知前句表示“仔细阅读使用说明”。2. Always read the _ carefully before you start. It tells you how to use the machine.A. instructions B. decisions

50、C. results D. introduction【点拨】A句意：开始前一定要仔细阅读说明书.。它告诉你怎样使用这台机器。本题考查名词词义辨析。A. instructions说明书； B. decisions决定；C. results 结果 ； D. introduction介绍。根据句意选A。要点14 as wellas well常用作状语, 作“又；也”解, 相当于too或also, 常位于句末, 无须用逗号与句子分开。例如： I am going to London and my sister is going as well. 我要到伦敦去, 我妹妹也要去。 【拓展】 （1）as w

51、ell as也作“也，还”讲，常用来连接两个并列的成分，一般位于句中。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；翻译时要先译后面，再译前面。例如： Your wife as well as you is friendly to me. 不仅你而且你的妻子也对我很友好。（2）as well as 可以用来表示同级比较，指“像/和一样好”。例如： You look as well as you did ten years ago. 你的身体看起来还像十年前一样好。 He plays the guitar as well as you. 他的吉他弹得和你一样好。

52、要点15 between.and. 在和之间Ill phone you between 9：00 a. m. and 10:00 a. m. 我将在上午九点至十点间给你打电话。between.and.意为在和之间，只能用于两者之间。There is a chair between the bed and the table. 在床和桌子之间有一把椅子。【辨析】这两个词都有在之间的意思，但用法不同：between 在之间(指二者)among 在之间(指三者或三者以上)The letter B is between A and C. 字母B在A和C之间。The village lies among

53、 the mountains. 这个村庄位于群山之中。among的用法among作介词，意为“在之中”，表示在多者之间，是三者或三者以上。【拓展】between也作介词，表示“在之间”， 强调在两者之间。【典例分析】1.The students sang and danced _ their parents.A. in B. among C. between D. on【答案】1.B 表示“在之间”， 表示在多者之间，是三者或三者以上。 2.The bank is _ the bookstore and the post office.A. at the front of B. among C

54、. between D. opposite from【解析】 C between也作介词，表示“在之间”， 强调在两者之间。3.His grades in the exams put him _ the top students in his class.A. between B. over C. among D. above【解析】句意：他在这次考试中的分数使他处在了班里最优秀的学生中。考查介词辨析。A. between在之间（两者）；B. over超过，在上方；C. among在之间（三者或三者以上）；D. above在上面。由句意可知横线处意思是“在之间”，本题中没有明确指出最优秀的学生

55、数量，但根据常识可知这个数量一般都会多于两个，所以选择among比较合适，故答案选C。要点16 yet （1）yet作副词，意为“到此时，至今，还，尚未”，用于否定句中。例如： We havent heard from him yet. 我们还没有收到他的来信。 Im not yet sure if we could win. 我还没有把握确定我们是否能赢。 （2）作副词，意为“已经”，用于疑问句中。例如： Is everything ready yet? 一切准备就绪了吗？ Has the ship left yet? 轮船已经离开了吗？ （3）作副词，意为“仍然，还是”，用于肯定句中。例如

56、： Hes yet a child. 他还是个孩子。 （4）作连词，意为“然而，可是”。例如： You can draw a horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year, why? 你能在五分钟之内画好一匹马，然而你却让我等了一年，为什么？ He trained hard all year, yet she didnt win a prize in the competition. 他全年都艰苦训练，然而在竞赛中却没能获奖。【拓展】 yet和already的辨析： yet用于疑问句或否定句时，放在句末。例如： Have y

57、ou finished yet? 你完成了吗？ He hasnt done it yet. 他还没有干完呢。 already常用于肯定陈述句中，一般位于助动词之后，实义动词之前。例如： The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。【典例分析】1.Have you finished your homework _?Yes, I have _ finished it.A. just; justB. yet; justC. just; yetD. yet; yet【答案】B【解析】句意：你做完作业了吗？ 是的，我刚做完。考查副词的词义辨析。根据题干：Have you fi

58、nished your homework _? -Yes, I have finished it. 你已经做完作业了吧？是的，我刚做完。考查固定用法：现在完成时中，already和yet都可以表示已经的意思。两者区别主要如下：already用于肯定句，放在句中或句尾。yet用于否定句或疑问句中，放在句尾，因此第一个空填yet，排除A/C；根据答语I have _ finished it. 可知，第二个空用just。表示“我刚做完。”故选B。2.Has Mike come _?Yes, he has _ been here for 10 minutes.A. yet; already B. al

59、ready; yet C. yet; yet D. already; already【答案】A【解析】句意：Mike已经来了吗？是的，他已经到这儿十分钟了。考查副词。yet 已经（用于否定句和疑问句中）；already 已经（用于肯定句中）。第一空在一般疑问句中，第二空在肯定句句中。故选A。要点17in time意为“及时”。【辨析】in time与on time易混词组意义及区别例句in time意为“及时”，表示动作在规定时间内完成或比规定时间提早完成I hope you can return in time. 我希望你能及时回来。on time意为“准时；按时”，相当于at the ri

60、ght timeThe train came in on time. 火车准时进站了。与time相关的短语on time 按时 in time 及时 all the time 一直，总是At any time 随时At times 有时For the first time 第一次At the same time 同时all the time 一直，总是【典例分析】1.消防员们及时赶到，并很快扑灭了大火。The firemen arrived _ and put out the big fire quickly .【答案】in time2.我们必须准时。（有时间规定，否则就迟到）。We must

61、 be_. 【答案】on time3.请用in time和on time填空They were just _ for the bus.The plane arrived at the airport _ at four oclock.【答案】in time, on time4.The doctor came_ and the sick man was saved. A、on time B、in time C、for a time D、at times【答案】B 句意：医生及时到来，那个病人得救了。on time准时；in time 及时；for a time 暂时；at times有时候。根据

62、句意可知B正确。要点18 apply for 申请 at first 起初so far 到目前为止keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系；1.李华想申请加入乒乓球俱乐部。Li Hua wants to the Table Tennis Club.2.起初，他对写作不感兴趣。He was not interested in writing 3.玛丽经常和我们联系。Mary often _ _ _ _ us.4.她到现在还对此事一无所知。She anything about it _ _ .【点拨】：1，apply for 2,at first 3, keeps in tou

63、ch with 4,hasnt known so far 现在完成时1. 构成现在完成时是由“助动词have(has）+动词的过去分词”构成2. 用法（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在产生了某种影响或造成了某种结果。句中常有just, already, yet等副词修饰。(注意与一般过去时的区别) Have you had lunch yet?你已经吃过午饭了吗？Yes, I have. Ive just had it.是的，我刚刚吃过。（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。句中常有for（+时间段）或since（+时间点

64、）引导的表示时间的状语。（注意与现在进行时态和过去进行时态的区别） He has taught here since 1981.（3） 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，一般意为汉语“.过”，常带有twice, ever, never，three times等时间状语。I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。just 刚刚肯定句，have/has 后never 从来没有否定句，have/has 后ever 曾经疑问句，have/has +主语+ever+过去分词before用于句末yet 仍然用于疑问句，否定句句末，或not之后already

65、 已经肯定句，have/has 后或句末so far 到目前为止句首或句末【语法练习】一、 用just, already, yet, ever填空。1. Have you been to Japan?2. I have finished my homework.3. I have finished my homework .4. I havent finished my homework .【答案】1.ever 2.already /just 3.already 4.yet二、选择题1.Mum, I want to watch the news about our school. Change

66、 the channel, please!（2020江苏镇江）What a pity! It is eight oclock now. It_ for a while.A. has been overB. was overC. has finishedD. finished【答案】A【解析】句意：妈妈，我想看我们学校的新闻。请换频道！真遗憾！现在是八点钟。它已经结束一段时间了。考查动词时态。has been over已经结束了，现在完成时；was over结束了，一般过去时；has finished已经结束了，现在完成时；finished结束，一般过去时。根据语境可知，学校新闻已经结束了，这件

67、事对“现在不能观看了”产生了影响，故应为现在完成时，故排除B、D两项。另句中for a while表示一段时间，与现在完成时连用时，应用延续性动词，而动词finish为瞬时性动词，不能在现在完成时中与一段时间连用，故排除C项。be over表示延续性动作，可在现在完成时中与时间段连用，即has been over。故选A。2.Its ten years since we came here（2019，安徽卷）How time flies! We _ in China for so long.A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked【答案】D【解

68、析】句意：-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了。-时间过得真快啊！我们在中国工作了这么长时间了。work工作，动词原形；worked工作，一般过去时；will work一般将来时；have worked现在完成时。根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知，这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作，应用现在完成时，故选D。3 The room is very clean. Who _? （2019西宁中考）A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. has cleaned D. will clean 【答案】C【解析】现在完成时的基本用法：表示过去的动作对现在产生的结

69、果或影响。“房间很干净，”这是现在的结果。是由“clean”这个动作产生的。Clean 这个动作是过去发生的，但结果是现在房间是干净的。所以要用现在完成时态。考查现在完成时最基本的定义。Who 做主语，用单数。4. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A. gone B. been C. went D. go 【答案】B【解析】have been to 去过某地， have gone to 去了某地。（不再说话的地方）故用：have gone to三、完成句子1. 杰克已经买了新手机吗？(yet) 没，他还没买新手机。(y

70、et) 【答案】 Has Jack bought a new mobile phone yet? No. He hasnt bought a new one yet.2. 你曾参观过博物馆吗?(ever) 没，我没有。我从未参观过博物馆。(never) 【答案】Have you ever visited the museum yet? No, I havent. I have never visited the museum. 3. 你曾在图书馆借过书没有？(ever) 有啊，我借过。我已借了三次了。(already) 【答案】Have you ever borrowed books from your library? Yes, I have. I have ever borrowed books 3 times.4.他已经找到他的自行车了。 【答案】 He has already found his bicycle.5. 你曾经去过北京吗？ 【答案】 Have you ever been to Beijing?