专题09 词义猜测题 （讲义）(原卷版)-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用） .docx

1、专题09 词义猜测题01专题网络思维脑图02考情分析解密高考03高频考点以考定法考点 词义猜测题【高考解密】命题点01 单词或短语猜测命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测命题点03 句子意义猜测【技巧解密】【考向预测】04核心素养微专题微专题 词义猜测题易错陷阱05创新好题分层练考点考查内容高考考题设问细节理解题核心价值：高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积

2、极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性

3、的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。学科素养：1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能

4、。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。【2023新高考全国卷】C29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?【2023新高考全国卷】C30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?【2023年1月浙江卷】B24What do the un

5、derlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?【2023年1月浙江卷】C 29What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?【2023全国甲卷】B24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?【2023全国乙卷】D34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refe

6、r to?【2022新高考I卷】What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?【2022全国高考乙卷】29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?【2022年新高考全国卷】24What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?【2022全国甲卷】28. Which of the following best explains “take the plung

7、e” underlined in paragraph 2?【2021英语全国甲卷】29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?【2021年新高考I卷】C篇29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?【2021年全国乙卷】B25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?【2021年新高考II卷】B篇25. What do th

8、e underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?、命题点01单词或短语猜测典例01【2023年新高考I卷C篇】Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of

9、the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.典例02【2023年1月浙江卷】CA machine

10、 can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has

11、some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of ele

12、ctrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.”29What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?AArguments.BDoubts.CErrors.DDifferences.典例03【2023年全国甲卷】 Terri Bolton is a dab hand w

13、hen it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A An artist.BA winner.CA specialist.DA pioneer.命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测典例01【2023全国乙卷D篇】In a

14、ddition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aborigina

15、ls, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societie

16、s such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects. 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Problem. B.History.

17、C.Voice. D.Society.典例02【2020年新高考I卷C篇】In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappeara

18、nce of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the

19、sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24yearold who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.29What does the underline

20、d word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?ADeveloping a serious mental disease.BTaking a guided tour in Central Asia.CWorking as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.DWriting an article about the Aral Sea.命题点03 句子意义猜测典例01【2021年全国甲卷C篇】Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboardi

21、ng, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell

22、 onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe！” And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.9What do the underlined words “

23、Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?ABe careful! BWell done!CNo way! DDont worry! 一、 单词或短语猜测1. 根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。2. 根据举例推测词义：有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, su

24、ch.as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其

25、是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。6. 根据因果关系推测词义：因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so.that, such.that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。二、 代词或名词指代猜测定关键：返回原文，找到指代

26、词，理清句子结构。找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。 一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事； it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。三、 句子意义猜测一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项考向01-单词或短语猜测1.【山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模】As the new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting whizzes and bangs to l

27、ight up the sky. The appeal of fireworks could fizzle out with the growing use of drones (无人机) for light shows, though.Ollie Howitt, a leader of SkyMagic, which used a team of 300 drones to create a display for Londons new year celebration last year, said demand had increased substantially. “We do t

28、hink its going to be something thats ever catching on, as opposed to it being a short-lived sort of fashion people have suddenly got interested in. Drones are reusable and theres no fallout. In that sense theyre a very good, sustainable option,” she said.But not everyone agrees. A spokesperson from

29、the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose environmental problems. “Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have serious concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium batteries which are known not to be all that green,” they said.8What d

30、oes the underlined phrase “fizzle out” in paragraph 1 mean?ACatch on.BWind up.CCreate an impact.DMake a comeback.2.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very stressful sit

31、uation or a tense argument.British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become static and the winds would drop.But why is it often so calm before a storm? Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website

32、 How Stuff Works, a calm period occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.28The underlined word “static” in Parag

33、raph 2 is closest in meaning to _.AviolentBquietCfast-changingDwarm考向02-代词或名词指代猜测【辽宁省县级重点高中协作体高三下学期一模】Take the wheel of an electric vehicle and prepare to be amazed. The latest technology is there, with tablet-like screens instead of old-fashioned switches. Add falling price which makes owning and r

34、unning many electric vehicles (short for EV)as cheap as fossil-fuel alternatives, and the open road signals. Above all, the instant acceleration of battery power makes driving easy and exciting.EV should be recharged roughly every 250 miles. When you do find a public charging point, it is sometimes

35、inaccessible, which causes “range anxiety”. It is one of the main reasons drivers give for not buying an EV. Who might install them? Drivers will need a mix of fast long distance chargers installed near motorways and slower “top-up” chargers available in the car parks of shopping centers, restaurant

36、s and so on. Dedicated charging firms and carmakers are investing in infrastructure. Oil companies are putting chargers in petrol stations and buying charging companies. .9What does the underlined words range anxiety in paragraph 2 refer to?AThe reason for drivers not buying an EV.BThe issue of who

37、might install charging points.CThe doubt of whether drivers can charge free in petrol stations.DThe worry of drivers not finding accessible public charging points.考向03-句意猜测1.【河北省高三模拟调研卷（三）】It was the first day of Spring here but it didnt feel like it. The Coronavirus(冠状病毒) Pandemic was sweeping the

38、globe and everywhere there were feelings of uncertainty, fear, loneliness and even despair. Social Distancing had become the new norm. Here the schools had been closed, the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people had been told to work from home whenever they could. Even the sheltered works

39、hop where my oldest son worked had been closed until furl her notice. People had made a run on the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare. On the news the numbers of sick and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone in the world.My own family was stay

40、ing at home as much as possible and as I looked out my window I wondered how long this crisis would last. It was then, however. that I saw something that lifted that weight off of my soul, made my face smile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street below my house there was an old friend of

41、 mine from high school who was a teacher there now. With him was my younger son s former aide from the high school as well. They were delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck al home. Watching them made me think of something everyones childhood television neig

42、hbor. Mr. Rogers once said:“ In the bad times, always look for the helpers. ”I have no doubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis before it have. But it is our choice on whether it brings out the best in us or the worst in us. Let it bring out the best in you. Use it to strengthen your faith. Use

43、 it to free yourself from fear. Use it to grow kinder, more giving, and more loving. Become a helper to all those in need and you will be a happy person today and in all the days to come.14What Mr. Roger said actually means _.Ain bad times we should watch mon TV programsBschool lunches arc not easy

44、to forget for many peopleCwe should prepare more lunches for school childrenDpeople look forward to helping hands in bad times2. 【四川省乐山市高中第一次调查研究考试】One of Britains few typical contributions to world culture may come to an end, according to a survey that suggests holiday postcards are being emailed a

45、nd texted into extinction（消亡）. More than half of the 1,000 holiday-makers interviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic competitors. A quarter of the respondents（受访者）dismissed postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further 14% admitted that thin

46、king of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home. Although officially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken up with most enthusiasm in Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fie

47、lds in which the country excelled. .9What does the underlined phrase was taken up with most enthusiasm in paragraph 2 probably mean?AGained popularity.BTook place.CCame back.DWent into service. 词义猜测题易错陷阱【易错点陷阱一】单词或短语猜测【吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题】A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears h

48、igh-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. Thats because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each others sound.What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean?ABecomes lower.BTravels faster.CGets sweeter.DS

49、ounds nicer.【易错点陷阱二】 代词或名词指代猜测【安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考】The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for

50、 those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success. “The Great Green Wallis about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great Green Wall In

51、itiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?A African Unions. BAll advocates.CLand owners.DAll Africans.【易错点陷阱三】 句子意义猜测【浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题】Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginne

52、rs each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and Ive got myself a partner for life. .What does the father imply by saying “Ive got myself a partner for life.”?

53、AIt is rewarding to learn new skills.BSkiing has become his lifelong hobby.CHe will explore more with his daughter.DHis daughter will accompany him forever.（2023上黑龙江哈尔滨高三哈九中校考期中）Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about why its vital

54、 to start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important?The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast” the idea of ending the period in which we didnt eat during the night. The regeneration proc

55、ess that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those depleted (耗尽的) stores of things like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.There are also many often-quoted studies

56、which seem to correlate (相关) a state of being overweight with skipping breakfast. In fact, it leads many health experts to advise a healthy breakfast to not only regulate but also lose weight. In a US study, 50, 000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a health y breakfast were

57、found to have a lower BMI (体重指数), which seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people maintain a healthy weight.But it might not be as simple as that. Some experts, like Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at the University of Aberdeen, suggest those who skip breakfast might

58、 be less aware of healthy diets and nutrition, and people who eat breakfast might have a healthier lifestyle overall-exercising and not smoking, for example. And she also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits of not

59、 eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure.So, while breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal.1What does the firs

60、t paragraph serve as?AAn introduction.BA background.CAn explanation.DA comment.2What does the underlined word “replenish” mean in Paragraph 2?ASet aside.BDeal with.CMake up for.DRun out of.3What conclusion can we draw from Johnstones research?ASkipping breakfast may do good to our health.BThose who

61、eat breakfast can keep a lower BMICBreakfast is the most important meal of the day.DIntermittent fasting contributes greatly to weight loss.4What does the author suggest we do at the end of the text?ATry new lifestyles.BBe aware of the benefits of each meal.CPay more attention to breakfast.DFollow a

62、 balanced diet.（2023上湖北高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.The revival has bee

63、n encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. Its unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashions heavy footprint. F

64、rom carbon emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. “Weve got net zero target

65、s which mean were going to have to remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.”Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution due to the fact that most clothes today are produced

66、 in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.Its easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well a

67、s clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyein

68、g results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clothes color, new worlds open. Many of todays natural dyers grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion systems

69、and beyond.5What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2?AThe adoption of petrochemical-based dyes.BThe challenging net zero targets to be achieved.CThe fashion industrys focus on luxurious designs.DThe disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.6The author illust

70、rates “Fashion is a huge polluter” by _.Amaking a comparisonBgiving examplesClisting numbersDintroducing a new topic7What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to?AA protest against turning to natural fiber.BAn objection to upcycling old clothing.CA struggle for

71、a sustainable fashion industry.DA resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.8What would be the most suitable title for the passage?AThe Environmental Impact of Natural DyeingBFashion Revolutions Dye Garden PresentationCThe Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical AppealDThe Petrochemical Dye Indus

72、try and Its Challenges（2023上江苏南通高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）Without convenient access to phones or pens for letter-writing, wolves must rely on howls to communicate over long distances. These howls allow the animals to maintain their territories as well as keep track of other pack members. While dogs are descend

73、ants (后代) of wolves, some dogs dont know how to howl at all, whereas others, like sled dogs, will do so frequently. A new study exposes family dogs to wolf howls to better understand why some of our canine (犬类的) companions no longer seem to bother with this seemingly important form of dog communicat

74、ion. An ELTE scientist Fanni Lehoczki and colleagues put 68 purebred pet dogs to the test by observing their reactions to recordings of wild wolf howls. According to the results, breeds (品种) which are genetically more similar to wolves are more likely to reply with their own howls to wolf howl playb

75、acks. Young dogs, regardless of breed, can give a response to wolf howls, indicating most dogs, no matter the breed, are capable of howling. But the more closely related an adult dog is to a wolf, the more likely they are to howl back in response to a wolf howl. “Interestingly, this genetic effect o

76、n howling occurs only among older dogs (greater than five years) , for which an experience or some age-related personality effect can be a plausible explanation,” says Tamas Farago also from ELTE.Whats more, those dogs that responded with howling showed greater stress behaviors, such as mouth lickin

77、g or shaking. “This result on the stress behaviors may also confirm our assumption that more ancient breeds, due to their genetic relatedness, can process the information encoded in wolf howls better,” the researchers write in their paper. “Dingoes (澳洲野犬) , which took an evolutionary path away from

78、domestic dogs around 8, 000 years ago, are known to howl extensively to find each other, just like wolves. This suggests social factors could still play a larger role in determining canine vocal (发声的) behavior than genetics,” explains Lehoczki. “Our findings are among the first ones indicating that

79、domestication can change how animals process and react to others vocalizations. This, ultimately, might help us better understand the evolution of vocal communication,” the researchers conclude.9What does the new study mainly want to find out?AHow wolves communicate over long distances.BWhy some dog

80、s do not communicate by howling.CWhether wolf howls influence dogs communication.DWhat is the difference between family dogs and wild ones.10What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 5 probably mean?AReasonable.BCreative.CSurprising.DUnbelievable.11What does the result on the stress beh

81、aviors show?AAncient breeds feel uneasy in the presence of wolves.BAncient breeds understand the meaning of wolf howls.CAncient breeds try to send messages to the howling wolves.DAncient breeds have difficulty communicating with wolves.12What do the researchers mainly talk about in the last paragrap

82、h?AThe limitations of the new study.BThe application of the findings.CThe challenges for further study.DThe significance of the findings.（2023上江苏高三马坝高中校考期中）Some people worry that theres too much technology in our lives.And they may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet arou

83、nd in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. Its practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end?Well, if certain people have their way, it ll go even further. We

84、ll have microchips implanted(植入) into our brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction, but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers microchips and oth

85、er related devices have long been put into brains.For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions

86、, is an established treatment for things like Parkinsons disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.However,its another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns,not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of

87、 the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert(静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them.Current technology has made impressive progress with th

88、is, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, wed need to be 100 per cent certain that its safe.How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain? A surprising 60 per cent of Americans say theyd be okay with it, but thats when its purely theoretical. I

89、n reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface(接口) im

90、plants is still far away from us.13What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 1 probably mean?ADevelop.BAvoid.CChange.DTrust.14What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?AThe possible treatment for particular diseases.BThe process of human-computer interaction.CThe ex

91、isting application of microchip implants.DThe future of microchips and devices alike.15How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality?AThey may reject it.BThey may expect it.CThey may adjust to it.DThey may feel curious about it.16What might be the best title for the text?A

92、Computer-brain interface: The light of the futureBInnovation is necessary to make progressCWhere are we in the medical technology?DMind-controlled tech: Is it possible?（2023上广东广州高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always latethats an art, a frustrating a

93、rt. Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the brides shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? “There are allsorts of punishments for be

94、ing late, but we are still late even when those punishments and consequences exist.” said Justin Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail to accurately judge how long a task will takesomething known as the plan

95、ning fallacy. Research has shown that people on average underestimate the tune to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.Besides, forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. A 2023 study found that out of 181subway operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were mo

96、re often late for their job. This is because multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what youre doing. Its also discovered there is a personality type thats more likely to be late. While highly nervous, achievement-oriented Type A individuals arc more possible to be punctual, Type B in

97、dividuals, however, who are calmer and more relaxed, have a higher chance to be late.Admittedly, knowing all of this doesnt necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, brea

98、king down an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your personality type, unfortunately, there isnt much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to struggle for it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first s

99、tep to change.17What does the underlined word “fallacy” mean in paragrqph3?AA reasonable argument.BA mistaken belief.CA modest expectation.DA realistic idea.18Which of the following is a feature of forever- late-comers?AThey tackle more than one task at a time.BThey plan to spend longer time on a ta

100、sk.CThey suffer from concentration difficulties.DThey have high expectations for achicvcments.19What is a possible way to help those who are always late?ALearning to accept who you are.BChanging your personality type.CKeeping to the timetable accurately.DDivide a task into smaller ones.20What is the

101、 main idea of the text?ALate comers should be severely punished.BTime management contributes to success.CThe habit of being late is related to character.DAccepting your personality improves punctuality.（2023上北京房山高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）The worlds oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and ot

102、her creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that the worlds oceans warm, their biomass is expected to drop five percent, a study found.The study predicts that if there is no change in the rate of worldwide greenhouse gas production, there will

103、 be a 17-percent loss of biomass by the year 2100. But, if the world reduces carbon pollution, biomass losses could be limited to only about 5 percent.Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change also produces oceans that are more acidic and have less oxygen. This also harms sea li

104、fe. Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work.The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge. “Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues to grow,” said sci

105、entists.Marine biologist Boris Worm, who helped run the study, added that the “building blocks of marine lifeplankton and bacteriamay decline less heavily.”“Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canadas Dalhou

106、sie University.Scientists had already believed climate change would likely reduce future ocean life. But past computer-based studies looked at only part of the picture or used only one model. The latest study used six different computer models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said.U

107、niversity of Georgia marine biologist Samantha Joye was not part of the research. But she praised the study as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call for action”.21What does the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 1 refer to?AOcean temperature.BTotal marine life.CSe

108、a condition.DOcean level.22Why do scientists think that climate change might cause conflicts?AIt may reduce the sea resource.BIt leads to the extinction of marine life.CIt pollutes the environment of the ocean.DIt may increase the world population.23Which sea animals will be harmed the worst by sea

109、warming?AThe largest ones.BThe ones in deep oceans.CThe bacteria on sea surface.DThose we humans need most.（2023上北京高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and co

110、lleagues at Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep qual

111、ity and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. Almost all87%believed that music improves sleep, or at least does not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and d

112、aytime sleepiness. Just over three quarters of the participants also reported experiencing frequent “earworms”having a song or tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week, and these people were six times as likely to report

113、 poor sleep quality. The teams analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p. m., participants

114、went to a quiet bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They also had electrodes applied, ready for the night-time polysomnography to record their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reported on ho

115、w relaxed, nervous, energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p. m., they were given some “downtime”, with quiet music playing. Half were randomized to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-only versions of these same songs.Participants reported decreases in stress and ne

116、rvousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. So-as earlier studies have also suggested- quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time. However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the p

117、olysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep

118、 quality via triggering earworms” the team writes.Why instrumental-only songs should have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isnt clear. The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participants br

119、ains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. If this is the case, all instrumental music may not have the same effect. However, the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.24According to the passage, th

120、e participants in both studies_.Awere required to listen to light musicBfelt their sleeping problems resolvedChad their sleeping quality monitoredDprovided feedback on bedtime music25What does the underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?ALead to.BImpact on.CBreak in.DFocus on.26What ca

121、n we learn from the passage?AEarworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.BBedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.CQuiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.DBoth familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.27The passage is mainl

122、y about_.Ahow instrumental music disturbs sleepBthe possible negative effect of bedtime musicChow people can improve their sleep qualityDdifferences between music with and without lyrics（2023上山东青岛高三统考期中）At the times in my life that I had been upset or angry, a good hug was usually a very quick cure

123、for what was bothering me. After receiving a warm and genuine embrace from a loved one or friend, the tension in my body would melt almost immediately.How does a hug deliver such a remarkable effect so quickly? Touch is a powerful means of communication and a great way to relieve the response to str

124、ess. Through touch, a persons intention is readily discernibleyou can tell comfort from potential harm easily. In the positive mode, hugs are one type of touch that relays the message: “I care about you. You matter.”We require touch with other living beings to grow well. Children who are not held or

125、 hugged have significant developmental and socio-emotional delay accompanied by smaller brains. This means that physical contact is not only critical for how these children behaved, but for the development of the brain itself.For adults, touch affects the response to everyday conflict. Some research

126、ers interviewed404 adults daily for 14 days regarding their health, conflicts, how they felt emotionally (positive or negative), and whether or not they received a hug. People who had received a hug and had an interpersonal conflict reported feeling more positive with less severe negative reactions

127、on that day. It has also been found that hugging may favorably influence the rate of infection from a cold as well as symptoms.As hugs are a great way to relieve the response to stress, it is not surprising that the number of hugs that a woman receives from her partner is highly related to lower blo

128、od pressure as well as higher levels of hormone known as oxytocin, colloquially labeled the “love hormone”.Hugs, of course, are a form of touch that share elements with other types, like massage (按摩) as well as gentle, light touch. Like hugging, massage is a great way to release tension.28What does

129、the underlined word “discernible” mean in paragraph 2?AComplex.BEvident.CAbstract.DVaried.29What can we infer from paragraph 4?AHugs can settle the conflicts.BHugs can effectively cure a cold.CReceiving a hug can cause positive reactions.DThe researchers take education into account.30What will the a

130、uthor probably discuss after the last paragraph?AAdvantages of touch.BDifferent types of hugs.CFear of inappropriate hugs.DPositive functions of massage.31What is the main idea of the passage?ATouch is a great way to relieve the response to stress.BChildren require touch from loved ones to grow well

131、.CHugs from partners can bring women lower blood pressure.DCaring touch can bring mental and physical benefits to people.（2023上四川成都高三树德中学校考阶段练习）In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though,

132、are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzi

133、ng a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with protective clothin

134、g, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different bees. Computer analysis revealed that bees and bats buzzing were, indeed, similar.Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for them to stay on, and two

135、 boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner

136、several non-buzzing sounds made by bats.During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the n

137、on-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises when their nests are di

138、sturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized.32What was Dr. Russos assumption of the study?AOnly some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry.BThe buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees.CAu

139、ditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom.DBats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies.33How did Dr. Russo test his idea?ABy collecting computer data.BBy consulting experts in this field.CBy referring to other scholars analysis.DBy conducting series of scientific experi

140、ments.34What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean?ADisappointing.BControversial.CDefinite.DUncertain.35What is a suitable title for the text?AAnimal Mimicry: Buzz offBBats: No More Victim to OwlsCA Self-protection Behavior among AnimalsDA New Trick to Scare Away Owls（2

141、023上浙江宁波高二校联考期中）Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellow kayak (皮艇) down the Potomac River, continuing her voyage, the latest of her solo trips on major waterways. It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. “I

142、m in the moment, looking at the waves.” said Brennan.The journey is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change of clothes, first aid kit, apples and cheese sticks. When shes thirsty, she scoops water from the rivers and pumps it through a filter. “I always drink the river,” sh

143、e says. Brennan loves being on the rivers, seeing the bald eagles above, deer on the banks and a fascinating array of bugs and insects that never find their way into homes.However, every few days Brennan will find a hotel for the night where she can get a shower and eat a cheeseburger. Shell also ch

144、eck in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips at their home. “Hes my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phone with her but rarely calls or texts anyone. Her children usually keep track of her via the transponder that sends them

145、 her location every 10minutes or so.Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and shes not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she camps a

146、nd who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.Surely, she is alone on these journeys but she isnt lonely. She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the wired world to find the wider world around us.36What can be learned about

147、Cathy Brennan from paragraph 1?AShe longs for calmness.BShe seeks inner peace.CShe is fond of travelling.DShe is tired of everyday housework.37Why does Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”?ABecause he keeps track of her.BBecause he arranges the route for her.CBecause he accom

148、panies her on the river.DBecause he contacts her with calls and texts.38What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean?ACautious.BFearless.CAmbitious.DThoughtless.39How is Brennans kayak trip according to the passage?AOdd and instructive.BRomantic and thrillingCCostly and relaxingDTough and rewarding.