中考英语专题讲练：说明文(解析版).docx

1、说明文知识精讲一、写作概述说明文是一种很常见的文体，同学们在语文中也有说明文阅读，所以我们对它并不陌生。而初中阶段的说明文写作主要是让学生将活动、人物或地点进行描述，目的在于考查学生将表格或给出的信息转化为文段的能力。说明文类书面表达想得高分，必须做到以下几点：1. 内容要丰富。写作中要涵盖命题的所有要点，内容充实。不能只把所给要点进行简单的翻译，要根据需要进行适当的拓展。2. 句式要有适当变化。使用较为复杂的句式，且有一定的变化，长短结合，能使文章读起来错落有致，不会太乏味呆板。同时句式多样性在任何写作任务中都能彰显考生语言运用的能力，所以很重要。3. 使用必要的过渡词。行文连贯通畅是给考官

2、的第一感受，适当的过渡词，连词或短语可以让文章读起来更顺畅，且结构层次也会清晰起来，这些都是高分作文的必要因素。二、必备句型1. We have many places of history interest here. You can visit我们这里有很多历史名胜。你可以参观2. It is quite clear that十分清楚的是3. There are some reasons for关于有一些理由。4. A recent survey suggests that最近的一项调查显示5. My school lies in the south-east of our city.我的

3、学校坐落在我们城市的东南部。6. Its 400 meters long/ wide/ high.它有四百米长/宽/高。7. The ruler is as long as that one.这把尺子和那把一样长。8. Its made of/ from wood.它是由木材做成的。三点剖析一、重难点高分突破方法（四）通读全文，排查错误作文写好后，要有检查，排错的过程。和中文作文一样，英语作文也需要反复阅读修改，润色。我们在写完文章后，首先要根据题目要求进行检查和修改。在保证文章紧扣题目不跑题的情况下，进一步调整和润色，使文章表达准确，句子流畅，结构分明。这就是为什么我们要求学生一定动笔写作文

4、，而且有修改环节的原因。一般我们按照词，句，段，篇的顺序进行作文的错误排查，主要检查词的选用是否得当，单复数问题；句子之间的逻辑关系是否正确，时态是否一致；段落整体结构是否严谨，段与段之间是否有自然的过渡；整篇文章的是否符合题目要求，能否清晰看出文章结构等。二、万能模版1. 景点参观_ (事物) is/ lies _ (地理位置). It has/ is _ (特征). There are many places of interest here, for example, _ (景点介绍). There are also many _ (人们的活动、风俗等).I hope/ think _

5、(看法或感受).2. 问题或现象The table above shows that _ (说明问题或现象)._ (数据) percent _ (现象一)._ (数据) percent _ (现象二)._ (数据) percent _ (现象三).In my opinion _ (自己的观点或感受).题模精选题模一：造句练习例1.1.1 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。In all that afternoon, I jumped and sang and did all kinds of things._例1.1.2 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。I go to the park tomo

6、rrow._例1.1.3 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。Those who eat too much will easily ill._题模二：书面表达例1.2.1 假设下面是你校的校园示意图，请你根据示意图及说明用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。短文首句已给出，不计入总词数。文中不得提及真实的校名和姓名。说明：1. 老师办公室在教学楼二楼；2. 校园四周都是树。参考词汇：示意图 diagramThis is a diagram of our school._随堂练习随练1.1 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。1. The old man likes take a walk in the vil

7、lage after supper._随练1.2 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。Its very honest with you to tell us the truth._随练1.3 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。After write the notice, he put it up on the wall._随练1.4 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you._随练1.5 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。Great changes have been taken place in my

8、hometown._随练1.6 假设你是李杰，正通过 e-mail 和美国友好姐妹校的朋友 Tom 交流校纪班规，请你用英语向他介绍下面的“班级公约”。要求：1.内容完整，书写清楚，表达通顺，书写规范；2.请勿逐字翻译，词数80左右，不包含已给出的句子的词数。参考词汇：school uniform; be active in thinkingDear Tom,Id like to introduce my class rules made by us all. First, we should _Its our duty to follow all the rules above. What

9、about yours? Please write soon.Yours,Li Jie随练1.7 你校将开设一些特色课程，学生可根据兴趣进行选择。请根据以下内容提示为学校英文网页写一篇短文，介绍这些课程、提出你建议增设的课程并说明理由。Students in our school are free to choose some special courses according to their interest._自我总结课后作业作业1 判断下列句子存在什么问题并改正。1. Listen! Someone knocking at the door._作业2 He told me dont c

10、all him before 9 oclock._作业3 Do your parents allow you make your own decision?_作业4 Three days after he died._作业5 Afriend of me came to see me yesterday._作业6 They have married for two years._作业7 Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference._作业8 I dont know

11、if they will come, but if they will come, please show them the way to my house._作业9 你的好朋友Alex来你家玩，看到你的笔记本电脑感到非常好奇。请根据以下提示介绍一下这台电脑。提示：1. 这是你父母送给你的生日礼物；2. 这台白色笔记本为13.3英寸3. 它运行速度很快，可以存储照片、音乐、电影等资料；4. 可以用来上网搜索资料、听音乐、玩游戏等。参考词汇：notebook computer; birthday present; 13.3 inches; run fast; store lots of info

12、rmation; surf the Internet要求：1. 语句通顺，意思连贯，无语法错误；2. 短文需包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥，70词左右。_作业10 我们生活的环境越来越恶劣，每个人都应该从自身做起，从小事做起，尽我们最大的努力保护环境。请根据下面的提示，写一篇80词左右的短文，描述你是如何在日常生活中保护环境的。（短文开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数）要点提示：1). recycle newspapers and cans2). go to school on foot or by bike3). pick up the rubbish on the street4). use a

13、 cloth bag for shopping5). turn off the light when you leaveHow to protect our environment in our daily lifeOur environment is becoming worse and worse. Everyone should_Our environment will become better if everyone takes action.答案解析说明文题模精选题模一：造句练习例1.1.1【答案】 All that afternoon, I jumped and sang and

14、 did all kinds of things.【解析】 考查介词的使用。时间状语前有“that”时，不加介词in。例1.1.2【答案】 I will go to the park tomorrow.【解析】 考查时态。句子中有明显将来时时间状语tomorrow，要用将来时，动词前加will。例1.1.3【答案】 Those who eat too much will easily get/ fall ill.【解析】 考查句子完整性。本句中缺少动词，不够完整，所以需要添加一个动词。题模二：书面表达例1.2.1【答案】 This is a diagram of our school. It

15、is four hundred meters long and two hundred meters wide. The school gate faces (the) south. Our teaching building stands in the middle of our school. The teachers offices are on the second floor. There is a garden in front of the teaching building. Left of the garden is our library and our lab is on

16、 the right of the garden. There is a large playground behind the teaching building. Many trees are planted around the school.Welcome to visit my school.【解析】 一、审题本文为典型地点说明文，要求介绍学校的建筑。这类写地点的说明文很多，比如描述一个名胜古迹，说一说你最喜欢的一个地方等。地点说明文要按照一定的顺序，如从内向外，从前到后等。题目中包含了一张平面图，所以作文中要包含全部图片信息。时态通篇一般现在时，可以用there be句型，倒装句等

17、。二、写作亮点1. 重点短语1). in the middle of 在中间2). in front of 在前面3). on the right of 在右边2. 高级句型1). The teachers offices are on the second floor. 教师办公室在二楼。2). There is a large playground behind the teaching building. 教学楼后面有一个大操场。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】 The old man likes taking a walk in the village after supper.【解析】 考

18、查动词搭配。like doing sth.喜欢做某事，表示一种习惯或爱好。随练1.2【答案】 Its very honest of you to tell us the truth.【解析】 考查固定句型。“its very+形容词of sb. to do sth.”意为“你能做某事真是太”。随练1.3【答案】 After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall.【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处after后没有跟句子，所以不是连词，而是一个介词，介词后用动名词。随练1.4【答案】 Please speak louder so that every

19、body can hear you.【解析】 考查动词及物性。listen为不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语，而且只是强调听的动作。而语境中是听到你，强调结果，所以用及物动词hear。随练1.5【答案】 Great changes have taken place in my hometown.【解析】 考查动词及物性。“take place发生”为不及物动词，没有被动，所以要把被动改为主动形式。随练1.6【答案】 【解析】 一、审题根据题意，这篇作文要求我们写的是班级公约，比较正式，写作时不必逐字翻译，但图片上出现的班规一定要都写全，否则视为丢点。写作过程中可以适度发挥，语言表达要符合英语习惯，用

20、恰当、准确的词和句子表达自己的意思。为保证行文流畅，层次分明，书写是可以加入first，second等连接词。最后，对于规则的描述，我们通篇用一般现在时。二、写作思维1. 公约1：We should arrive say hello to2. 公约2：listen to the teachers homework3. 公约3：keep the classroom turn off4. 公约4：get along well with help each other三、写作亮点1. 重点短语1). be active in积极2). hand in 上交3). on time 按时4). turn

21、 off 关上5). make progress 取得进步2. 高级句型1). Its polite to greet our teachers when we meet them. 见到老师问好是有礼貌的。2). Fourth, being friendly is quite important. 第四，友好很重要。3). Were supposed to get along well with and help each other to make progress together. 我们应该友好相处并互相帮助，共同取得进步。随练1.7【答案】 Students in our schoo

22、l are free to choose some special courses according to their interest. These courses will help students relax themselves after school. There are many courses for them to choose, such as English drama, football, or model making. Here is more information.If you want to improve your oral English, Engli

23、sh drama may be the first choice. It is a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills. If you are interested in football, take the football course. It is good for your physical health. Besides, you can learn more about teamwork. What about model making? You will be amaz

24、ed by the science world and become interested in it.For my part, a painting course can be added, because students like drawing so much. I hope these courses would be helpful and each student would enjoy a bright and colorful school life here!【解析】 一、审题这篇作文是要求介绍学校特色课程的说明文，说说这些课程的特点和好处，由于是对事实的描述，通篇一般现在

25、时。根据图画内容提示，我们需要先介绍一下图中涉及的三个特色课程，然后给出我们的建议，此处自由发挥，开放性强，烹饪，化妆，园林，养殖等都可以的。可以用I suggest/ think等词引出自己的观点。最后一段可以写自己的希望和号召，增加文章的鲜活力。二、写作思维1. 介绍课程：If you you can take lesson which is/ is a good choice if you are interested in2. 我的建议：For my part/ In my point of view, we should have because3. 提出祝愿：I hope ever

26、yone can三、写作亮点1. 重点短语1). be interested in 对感兴趣2). be good for 对有好处2. 高级句型1). It is a good chance to practice not only oral English but also performing skills. 不但对练习英语口语是一个好机会，而且对提升表演技能也是一个好机会。2). What about model making? 模型制作怎么样?课后作业作业1【答案】 Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.【解析】 考查进行时态。现在进行时结构

27、为“be+doing”，句中缺少be动词。作业2【答案】 He told me not to call him before 9 oclock.【解析】 考查动词固定搭配。ask sb. not to do sth.让某人不要做某事。作业3【答案】 Do your parents allow you to make your own decision?【解析】 考查动词固定搭配。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。作业4【答案】 After three days, he died.【解析】 考查时间状语搭配。本句要表达的意思是：三天后，他死了。所以讲after提到时间前面。

28、作业5【答案】 Afriend of mine came to see me yesterday.【解析】 考查双重所有格。我的一个朋友：a friend of mine。作业6【答案】 They have been married for two years.【解析】 考查动词的选择。本句想表达他们结婚两年了。marry是瞬间动词，而be married才表示已婚的状态。作业7【答案】 Because the professor had fallen ill he was not able to be present at the conference.【解析】 考查因果连词。表因果关系时，

29、与中文不同，只能使用一个连词，所以要删除because和so中的一个。作业8【答案】 I dont know if they will come, but if they come, please show them the way to my house.【解析】 考查从句时态。if引导的条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表将来，所以删除if条件句中的will。作业9【答案】 My Notebook ComputerMy parents gave me the notebook as a birthday present. It has a 13.3-inch screen and it is

30、 my favorite color, white. It runs fast and can store lots of information, such as photos, music and movie. I often surf the Internet on the computer and I can get some useful information about my subjects. Sometimes I listen to music or watch movies on it. With the help of the computer, I have lear

31、ned lots of knowledge about computers, and my life has become more interesting.【解析】 一、审题本篇作文是一篇典型介绍具体事物的说明文，是说明文中最简明的一种形式。本文要求我们介绍的是一台笔记本电脑，开头部分参考的是提示的第一点，介绍这台电脑是父母送给我的生日礼物；第二部分参考提示第二点到第四点，即对笔记本电脑进行阐述说明；最后一部分进行总结，说明这台电脑给我的生活带来很多乐趣。全篇大多数都是对笔记本电脑的客观描述，所以时态以一般现在时为主。二、写作思维1. 开门见山：My parents gave me the

32、notebook as a birthday present.2. 详细介绍：It hasIt runsI oftenI can3. 篇尾总结：With the help of the computer,三、写作亮点1. 重点短语1). give sb. sth. 给某人某物2). lots of 许多2. 高级句型With the help of the computer, I have learned lots of knowledge about computers, and my life has become more interesting.在这台电脑的帮助下，我已经学到了很多有关

33、电脑的知识，而且我的生活也变得更有趣了。作业10【答案】 How to protect our environment in our daily lifeOur environment is becoming worse and worse. Everyone should try his or her best to protect it. I always do the following things in my daily life to protect the environment.I usually recycle newspapers and cans rather than

34、throwing them away. Besides, I usually go to school by bike because it can not only make me keep healthy but also help reduce air pollution. I also pick up the rubbish on the street whenever I see it. When I leave a room, I will make sure that I turn off the light. If I go shopping, I always use a c

35、loth bag instead of a plastic one.Our environment will become better if everyone takes action.【解析】 一、审题本文为描述我们为了保护环境具体如何做的说明文，全篇是对日常生活的描述，所以通篇一般现在时。第一段可以用“I always do following things in my daily life to”来引出第二段主体内容。然后第二段开始描述自己如何做的，由于文章给了五个要点，所以注意句式不要太单一，书写时可以换一些花样来写，比如可以用I usually, I often, When I,

36、I, If I, I will等。最后一段一般加一些希望，祝愿或号召。二、写作思维1. 引出话题：I always do the following things in my daily life to protect the environment.2. 具体描述：I usually I also I always3. 表达心愿：Our environment will become better if everyone takes action.三、写作亮点1. 重点短语：1). throw away 把扔掉2). not only but also 不但而且3). make sure 确保4). instead of 代替；而不是2. 高级句型1). I usually go to school by bike because it can not only make me keep healthy but also help reduce air pollution. 我通常骑自行车上学，因为这样不但能使我保持健康，而且还能帮助减少空气污染。2). If I go shopping, I always use a cloth bag instead of a plastic one. 如果我去购物，我总是使用布袋子，而不是用塑料袋。