人教版高中英语选修八 Unit1A land of diversity-词汇篇（学生版）.docx

1、第1讲 A land of diversity 词汇篇_1. 熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。一. 重点词汇1. distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著常用结构：make a distinction between 对加以区分win a distinction for 因而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地拓展:distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct in .from . 在某方面与不同He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。You should

2、make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。 2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）常用结构：by means of 用办法；借助by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）by every means 用尽一切可能的办法易混辨析 means/way/methodmeans指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概

3、念“条理”。a way to do sth.a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做的方法in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种些方法by the way 顺便问一下 on one s way to . 在去的路上in the way 挡住路注意:means作主语且有every, each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some, several, many, few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Radio and television are important means of communic

4、ation. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport. 请另外找一种运输方式。Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。3. majority n. 大多数；大半 A/The majority of doctors agree that smok

5、ing is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。常用结构：be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数拓展:major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻minority adj.&n. 少数；少数民族；未成年4. occur vi. 发生；存在；出现常用结构:occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到it occurs t

6、o sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事it occurs to sb. that . 某人想到Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。易混辨析 happen/occur/take placehappen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。occur 文言意味较浓,常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。 take place 指事先计划或预

7、料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。New things are happening all around us. 新事物在我们周围不断发生。The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行？ 5. Indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。Research indi

8、cates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究显示男人比女人更容易戒烟。常用结构：indicate sth. (to sb.) 向（某人）表示某事；把指给（某人）看indicate that .表示；示意拓展:indication n. 指出；表明indicative adj. 指示的；暗示的 二. 重点词组6. live on 继续存在；继续生存She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。拓展:live on sth. 以某物为

9、食；靠某种经济来源生活live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象live to be. = live to the age of. 活到岁live a. life 过着的生活 7. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与合作The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个

10、公司已合作研制新型赛车。8. mark out 划线；标出的界线They marked out the tennis court with white paint. 他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。 Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training. 已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。拓展:mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事mark down 写下，记下；降低的价格mark up 标出；提高的价格mark in 加画；绘入mark out for 看中；选定Just a moment

11、. Let me mark down your name and address. 等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Some shops marked up the goods unfairly. 有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。He marked the book down to 49 cents. 他把书的标价降为49分。 9. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。 He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to tak

12、e him in. 他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。 拓展:take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使回忆起昔日take care of 照料；保管take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来take over 继承；接收，接管take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞take on 承担，从事；呈现take ones place 入座；代替某人的位置take one s time 不急，慢慢干 三. 重点句子10. Exactly when

13、the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语, what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。拓展:名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what

14、必须作句子成分。名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。What he said sounds reasonable.他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)That our team has won the game has been proved. 已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)There are many books available. I don t know which to read. 有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)Wha

15、t book do you want to buy? 你想买哪种书？(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)1. (2019北京高考) There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon . A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD. to be solved 2. (2019湖南高考) As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived Wo

16、rld Warhad a different experience.3. (2019安徽高考)-I get at least half an hour of exercise almost everyday. -Oh great! .A. Good luckB. Cheer upC. Same to youD. Keep it up4. (2019陕西高考)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month .A. Take upB. put upC. add upD. break

17、 up5. (2019山东潍坊高二下)Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to (solve) problems in industry. 基础演练一. 用take的相关短语填空。 Don t be by his promises.Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed? These boxes of yours are too much space. I was really when seeing old photos. Dear ladies and

18、 gentlemen, please now .The opera is soon to begin.Tom carefully what the teacher said.巩固提高二. 单项填空 1. May I have a look at your book?A. By this means B. By all meansC. By this way D. By any means2. It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter. A. Happen

19、ed B. occurred C. thought D. took place三. 用live的相关短语填空。 The lonely old man charity. Mozart was dead but his music .My grandfather both world wars.We should work hard and try to our parents expectations.The brave girl is learning to her disability.一. 单词拼写:1.The Taiwan _(海峡) separates Taiwan Island fr

20、om the mainland.2.It was becoming _（明显的） to me that she didnt like me.3.She has six pieces of _（行李）.4.I was one of the _ （申请人）for the job.5.Statistics_（表明） that the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.6.What _（百分比）of the students in our school were admitted to college?7.Air is a

21、 m_混合物）of gases.8. Our team has five head of _（牛）.9.I was in half the way when it suddenly _(想到) to me that I had left my notebook home.10._(显然), he was mistaken about by the others.二. 翻译句子1. A good idea _ all at once. 我突然想到了一个好主意。2. _ he knew nothing about how to repair cars. 很明显他根本不知道如何修车。3._ will

22、 we fail. 用任何方式我们也不会失败。4. My mother_ by the businessmans offers and stupidly gave him most of her money. 我妈妈因为一个商人提供的条件而受骗了，愚蠢地把她大部分钱给他了。5. He likes to sleep_. 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。_一. 单项选择1. Shall I give you a ride as you live so far?A. It couldnt be betterB. Of course you canC. If you likeD. Its up to you 2.

23、 You fool! How can you let such a chance through your fingers.A. SkiB. SpreadC. SlipD. glide3. People have views on the policy published recently, because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey.A. ExcitedB. SurprisedC. FrightenedD. mixed4. Every possible means to help the poor people in Afri

24、ca.A. have triedB. have been triedC. has triedD. has been tried 5. He can hardly his wifes bad-temper, so he decided to seek divorce with her.A. teamed up withB. caught up withC. put up withD. kept up with 6. Peter is no longer a lazy boy he used to be.A. WhatB. WhomC. WhenD. how7. Human beings are

25、different from animals they can use language as a tool to communicate.A. in thatB. for thatC. in whichD. for which 8. The window in my room shut. So I have to get it repaired.A. doesntB. shouldntC. wontD. couldnt9. Shirley, can I have a look at your photos? .Here you are.A. By any meansB. By no mean

26、sC. By this meansD. By all means10. is no possibility he can finish the task within two days.A. There; thatB. It ; that C. There; whetherD. It; whether二. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 With the number of college graduates climbing to a record high this yearsome 2.12 million are entering

27、the job market, an increase of 670,000, or 46.2 percent, over last year, many people are asking if Chinas first “McDonalds generation, born in the early 1980s,can stand the intense competition and find a place in the job market. They say this will be a test of both Chinas job market and its carefree

28、 younger generation. “Do not worry. Well get whatever we want，they tell each other to ease their own anxiety. Born in the early days of the countrys reform and opening to the outside world, growing up in the market economy, the youngsters, familiar with McDonalds and Mickey Mouse, love to eat hambur

29、gers, and wear foreign brand jeans and T-shirts and worship Bill Gates. Compared with their parents, they enjoy more freedom in looking for a joband with that freedom coming burdens. These college graduates are seen scouring recruitment information in newspapers and journals, the Internet and job ma

30、rkets nationwide. Shortly after hotel management major, Hao Wenhua, a young woman from Chongqing in Southwest China, failed the recruitment test of a five star hotel in Guilin, South Chinas Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. She appeared at a job market in Nanning, approximately 300 kilometers from G

31、uilin, looking rather tired. Many businesses and companies say that they would take on experienced staff rather than the new graduates who are short of the experience of how to succeed in todays fast paced society. 45. Which of the following groups of people belongs to Chinas first McDonalds generat

32、ion? A. People who were born in the early days of Chinas reform and opening to the outside world. B. People who like to eat hamburgers and wear foreign brand clothes.C. People who admire Bill Gates. D. People who lack the experience of how to succeed in todays fast changing world.46.What can we infe

33、r from the story of Hao Wenhua in the passage? We can infer_ . A. that there are many chances to find jobs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionB. that hotel management is not a good major in college C. that there is intense competition in the job market D. that many businesses and companies dont like

34、 new college graduates 47.What is the best title for the passage? A. Fierce Competition in the Job Market.B. McDonalds Generation Has Grown up. C. McDonalds Generation Faces Job Hunting.D. The Number of College Graduates Climbs to the Highest Point.三. 书面表达假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示，用

35、英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括： 部分同学的饮食习惯 良好的饮食习惯 个人看法不吃早餐 爱吃零食 偏食 饮食过量饮食多样化饮食定时定量重要性：有助于身体健康注意：1发言稿必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥； 2发言稿开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数； 3词数：100左右。 4参考词汇：偏食be particular about food 零食snackDear friends,As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, its very important for us to form healthy eating habits.Thats all. Thank you!