北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高三上学期期末试卷英语试题 WORD版含答案.docx

1、大兴区20222023学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语2022. 12考生须知:1. 本试卷共10页, 满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。4. 在答题卡上, 选择题用2B铅笔作答, 其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。第一部分 知识运用（共两节, 30分）第一节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On a Saturday afternoon, you find

2、most kids outside playing games. Kids are made for the _1 _1, with their endless energy and the easy way in which they make friends. Its not _2 _for Kameron, an ordinary, fun-loving 7-year-old girl who loves to draw out the worlds longest hopscotch（跳格子） on the sidewalk. But in between _ 3 _, Kameron

3、 takes time to do something special for her _4 _neighbors whose children have long since left home. Kameron first started waving to them. Most of them smiled back. Then Kameron decided that some of them needed a little _5 _ . So she ran home, took her violin and made the rounds. “Can I play you a so

4、ng?” she asked, after knocking on the door. Gustav smiled wide. His wife Vivian, who has had muscular dystrophy（肌肉 萎缩）for over 20 years, stood _ 6 _ , and had difficulty moving about. It looked terribly uncomfortable. Theyve _7 _ their daily walks with afternoon drives, but even those are getting to

5、o difficult for Vivian. Gustav let Kameron in, and Vivian _ 8 _ both arms of her chair and pulled to it. On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were young and energetic. “Want me to play your favorite song?” Kameron asked. “Of course, ” Gustav answered. It was the only song

6、 Kameron knew. The small violin _ 9 _seriously under Kamerons chin（下巴）. She played as best as she could. Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron. Gustav held Vivians other hand. It was not the performance that was moving, but the _10 _ it brought. 1.A. lessonsB. outdoorsC. classroomsD. experi

7、ences2.A. easyB. normalC. differentD. necessary3.A. gamesB. examsC. destinationsD. conversations4.A. youngB. proudC. elderlyD. lovely5.A. pressureB. emotionC. ambitionD. pleasure6.A. honestlyB. awkwardlyC. gratefullyD. determinedly7.A. replacedB. linkedC. repliedD. combined8.A. took care ofB. took c

8、harge of C. took out ofD. took hold of9.A. rockedB. restedC. jumpedD. wandered10.A. stylesB. profitsC. memoriesD. adventures第二节（共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 共15分）阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ATwo decades _11 _（pass） since newspapers launched websites, and yet here

9、 we are. Big papers have gone under, thousands of journalists have lost _ 12 _（they） jobs, and the idea that digital news will eventually become a decent business _ 13 _（feel） like a rumor（谣言）. The reality is this: no social network has come close to matching the success of print readership. BWhile

10、Lobby Boy takes its name from a character in the film, the band doesnt want to be known as anything reductive. But one of the films ideas that everyone in your life has the incredible power to tell their own story is _14 _（amaze）. “In my personal life, I try to remember that even if Im struggling or

11、 having a conflict _15 _ someone, no matter what the interaction is, no matter how small or large it is, this is a story _16 _ is unfolding in front of me, ” he says. CAfter 15 years of working to raise climate urgency, Ive concluded _17 _ the public and world leaders underestimate how rapid, seriou

12、s climate and ecological breakdown will be if humanity fails _18 _（organize）. There may only be five years _19 _ （leave） before humanity expends the remaining “carbon budget” to stay under 1. 5 of 20 （globe） heating. And there may only be five years before the Amazon rainforest and a large Antarctic

13、 ice sheet pass irreversible points. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIts exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be a writer. Rather than bombard them with fancy pens and motivational reading, direct them to a comfort

14、zone: the Internet. These sites are great resources and landing spots for future storytellers. FigmentSpecially tailored for the teen reader/writer, Figment is a community dedicated to reading and writing stories online. Addictively fun, users can rate stories by whether they made them laugh, blush,

15、 cry, or just say “wow. ” The site frequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors who sometimes drop in for Figment chats with the sites community. WattpadIt is the largest online reading platform, and allows authors to share their work with the world. Well-known writ

16、ers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctorow even post their work here. Teens can find and follow their favorite authors and release their own works as serial novels. Teen InkSupported by the nonprofit Young Authors Foundation, Teen Ink is the twenty-five-year veteran in the fostering-teen-writers

17、game. The magazine, book series, and website are devoted entirely to writing, art, and photos by teens. Its also a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays and articles as well as poetry. One Teen StoryDirect kids here to introduce them to the nonprofits monthly magazin

18、e. Each issue features one short story about the teen experience, usually from a known young adult author. Teens drawn to the short story form can also submit their work for consideration in ani annual issue that features a story written by a teen for teens. NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMo is an awesome thirty-d

19、ay adventure for any writer, but teens might be especially inclined to join. In November, would-be novelists over the world attempt to write a 50, 000-word（or more） book in thirty days. 21. The passage is intended for _.A. teachersB. teensC. parentsD. writers22. Which sites may provide the chance to

20、 interact with recognized writers?A. Figment and Wattpad. B. Figment and Teen Ink. C. Teen Ink and NaNoWriMo. D. Wattpad and One Teen Story. 23. What can be learned from the passage?A. One Teen Story is a nonprofits annual magazine. B. Figment regularly features young adult writers works. C. NaNoWri

21、Mo offers teens a thirty-day adventure around the world. D. Teen Ink is the first choice of teens who are keen on writing poems. BMany parents dream of their children growing up and seeing the world. But Edith Lemay, a mother of four from Canada, worried her children were running out of time to do t

22、hat. When her first child, Mia, was little, she noticed she would bump into things. In 2018, Mia was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa（色素性视网膜炎）. “What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision. Theres a chance they will go completely blind by midlife

23、, said Lemay. The disease is genetic, meaning Lemays other kids were at risk. She soon noticed two of her sons, Collin and Laurent, had the same symptoms. They were soon diagnosed, too. “Of course it was devastating（令人极为震惊的）. And when you have a kid, you always have an image of what their future is

24、going to be like and all of a sudden, you get that news and you need to erase that and think it over. And it really is a grieving process, ” Lemay said. Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory. In March, Lemay, her husband, and her four kid

25、s left Canada and embarked on an epic journey, traveling the globe for a whole year- showing their kids the world, before it is too late. During their trip, Lemay is homeschooling her kids. The family also made a bucket list of fun activities they want to accomplish, so each kid can see their dreams

26、 come true. Lemay said her kids are not only making visual memories. Theyre also learning important life lessons, like focusing on the positive. “Sometimes theyre tired and theres frustration. Its difficult. But with the travel, I want them to be resilient. ” “I want them to know that any situation

27、thats hard is temporary, because through their life, theyll need lots of resilience, ” she said. “Theyre going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later, theyll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,

28、” Lemay continued. Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did. 24. What risk may the children face in the future?A. They will bump into things. B. They will be unable to grow up. C. They may get genetic disorders. D. They may totally lose their sight. 25. What can we learn from

29、the passage?A. Lemay tried to erase the devastating news. B. The travel was not easy but helped the kids stay positive. C. The parents filled their kids visual memory through books. D. The children dropped out of school and were educated at home. 26. Which can best describe Lemay?A. Affectionate and

30、 tough. B. Considerate and committed. C. Patient and generous. D. Sympathetic and sensitive. CWe all know that eating later in the day isnt good for our waistlines, but why? A new study weighed in on that question by comparing people who ate the same foods-but at different times in the day. “We foun

31、d that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels, the way we burn calories after we eat, and the way we store fat, ” Vujovi said, a researcher at Bostons Brigham and Womens Hospital. Together, these changes may explain why late eating is associated with increased o

32、besity risk reported by other studies and provide new biological insight into the underlying mechanisms. ” The study provides support for the concept that circadian（生理节 奏）rhythm, which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate, affects how our bodies absorb fuel, r

33、esearchers said. The study does show eating later results in “an increase in hunger, impacts hormones（荷尔蒙）and also changes gene expression, especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition, ” said Dr. Bhanu Prakash Kolla, a professor of psychia

34、try and psychology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and a consultant to Mayos Center for Sleep Medicine and Division of Addiction Medicine. The study was small-only 16 overweight or obese people-but carefully planned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain, the authors said. “While

35、there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates with an increased risk for obesity, this may be the most well controlled, including strictly controlling the amount, composition and timing of meals, physical activity, sleep, room temperature and light exposure, ” said senior au

36、thor Frank Scheer, director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brighams Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders. All participants were in good health, with no history of diabetes or shift work, which can affect circadian rhythm, and had regular physical activity. Each person in the study

37、kept to a strict healthy sleep/wake schedule for about three weeks and were provided with prepared meals at fixed times for three days before the lab experiment began. Results showed that hunger pangs doubled for those on a night-eating regime. People who ate later in the day also reported a desire

38、for starchy and salty foods, meat and, to a lesser extent, a desire for dairy foods and vegetables. By looking at the results of blood tests, researchers were able to see why: Levels of leptin, a hormone which tells us when we feel full, were decreased for late eaters versus early eaters. In compari

39、son, levels of the hormone ghrelin, which spikes our appetite, rose. 27. According to the passage, the following may contribute to the obesity except _.A. the breakdown of less fatB. the changes in gene expressionC. the increase in the levels of leptinD. the disturbance of the circadian rhythm28. In

40、 Paragraph 4, the writer intends to _.A. highlight the results of the studyB. illustrate the process of the studyC. present the purpose of the studyD. demonstrate the reliability of the study29. What does the underlined word “spike” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A. Stimulate. B. Reduce. C. Maint

41、ain. D. Control. 30. What can we learn from the passage?A. Eating late accounts for obesity. B. Obesity can be well controlled by eating late. C. When you eat is irrelevant to how fat you are. D. Eating late may impact the expression function. DAutomation（自动化）was a hot topic. Nearly everyone agreed

42、that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions

43、 of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved. A. J. Hayes, a leader（and no relation to me） , wrote in 1964: Automation is not j

44、ust a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient-and thus more valuable-automation threatens to make them superfluous（过剩的）-and thus without value. The opinions I have cited here represent extreme posi

45、tions, and there were also many milder views. But I think its fair to say that most early students of automation, including both critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less. As for economic consequences, worries about unemployment hav

46、e certainly not gone away-not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone. But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation, such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system. In any case, the vision of

47、 a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass. The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways. In many cases, the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people u

48、sed to do. Instead weve dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines, and weve learned to run them ourselves. These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation, both optimists and pessimists. So far, automation has neither liberated us from the n

49、eed to work nor deprived（剥夺） us of the opportunity to work. Instead, were working more than ever. What about trades closer to my own vital interests? Will science be automated? Technology already has a central role in many areas of research; for example, genome sequences could not be read by traditi

50、onal lab-bench methods. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think well just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research. And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automa

51、ton, then surely the science writer cant hold out either. Im ready for my 15-hour workweek. 31. In Paragraph1, the writer mainly wants to convey that _.A. automation results in unemploymentB. automation does more harm than goodC. the issue of automation was still in discussionD. automation brings in

52、 much convenience in life32. According to A. J. Hayes, we can infer _.A. automation is more valuable than what we imagineB. automation is a revolutionary force to better developmentC. the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantagesD. the new technology would lead people into working much

53、 less33. Whats the authors attitude toward automation on jobs?A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disapproving. D. Neutral. 34. What can we conclude from this passage?A. People neednt work so hard due to automation. B. Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future. C. Automation should be a

54、ccepted reasonably in development. D. Automation results in more job losses in the writers country. 第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）Not every day is going to be great. Not every day is going to be your wedding day, graduation, or birthday. We have our routines; we go to school and meet a lot of the same peopl

55、e. Usually long periods of time in our lives are devoted to doing a specific set of things. The stress of life can disconnect us from our surroundings and make it easier to lose touch with our need and emotions. _35_Essentially, casual magic is practicing the habit of seeing the beauty in small mome

56、nts of mundane（单调的）life. _36 _In a study that investigated what this does to your mood, 282 participants were observed on the positive effect of something they did. Researchers found that being present and focusing on positive moments gave a higher positive effect and resulted in a higher life satis

57、faction. _37 _Have you ever walked through a patch of forest or seen the sunshine over rooftops and noticed how vibrant the colors were? Or have you ever felt a breeze on the side of your face? You just need to learn how to treasure and enjoy these moments. Now this is not to say that life shouldnt

58、be negative and that we should just ignore all the bad things that happen in life. _38 _Such emotion may be a sign that it is time to propel change and growth. Negative things should be considered to be opportunities for learning and should not be dwelled upon. Hence, I urge you to try it. _39 _Appr

59、eciate something small: the sunlight resting on a window curtain, how green the leaves are, the happiness of laughing with a friend, the taste of an ice-cream. Not every day is going to be the best day of your life; but it can still be special. A. However, casual magic is the road to happiness. B. T

60、o prevent this, apply the concept of casual magic. C. An adequate example to practice casual magic is nature. D. Casual magic instead allows us to listen to and examine any negative feeling. E. Put aside your screen, be present and give yourself a chance to find that special moment. F. We should lea

61、rn from negative things and move on to appreciating moments of causal magic. G. It is centered around curiosity and focuses the energy on observing and reflecting on the little things. 第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 32分）第一节（共4小题; 第40、41题各2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12分）White sand beaches of the Cocos Islands, which are kn

62、own as a gorgeous tourist destination surrounded by greenish blue water, have now been filled with plastic wastes. Jennifer Lavers, a marine scientist, went to these tropical islands with her research team. Knowing that lots of beaches were polluted by plastic wastes, the team conducted a careful sc

63、ientific examination on the coast, only to find the problem caused by pieces of trash humans left was worse than expected. Not all plastics are to blame. They are necessary in places like hospitals and airplanes, and make our vehicles lighter and more efficient. However, other plastics, especially d

64、isposable（一次性的） plastics, account for the growing mess on the beaches. Islands all over the world are jammed with plastics. And the Cocos Islands are no exception. Apparently, demand for disposable plastics must be reduced greatly. “Why dont we carry around bags that we can use over and over again?”

65、 asked Richard Gross, a chemist who researches innovative ways to make more sustainable plastics. “Lets carry around reusable lunch boxes. We should understand how serious the situation is. ”Although it is important for individuals to make an effort to avoid using disposable plastics, it is also gen

66、erally believed that only with international rules can such a deep-rooted, common, and worldwide scourge（灾害）be tackled. However, the U. N. , which engages in dealing with accelerating climate change and public health crises, obviously isnt paying enough attention to calling for international action

67、on plastic pollution1. As a result, billions of plastic products will still be produced every year, many of which will end up in the ocean. It requires the greatest effort of all time to control plastic pollution in modern society. No matter how tall the hurdles（栏架）are, something has to be done. 40.

68、 What did Jennifer Lavers and her research team find?41. What kinds of plastics lead to the increasing wastes on the beaches?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Individual efforts and international rules are both required to tackle the plastic pollution, and the U. N. pays much attention to calling for international action. 43. As a student, what will you do to reduce white pollution?第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华, 你的英国笔友Jim来邮件询问你的居家学习和生活情况。请你给他回一封邮件, 内容包括: 1. 充实的学习活动2. 丰富的课余生活注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。Dear Jim, Yours, Li Hua