2014《创新设计》高中英语外研版选修8（天津专用）配套课件 5-4.ppt

1、重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句表一 名词性从句的引导词Period Four Grammar名词性从句分类词形词义成分连接词thatwhether/if是否重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地连接代词which(ever)(无论)哪一个(些)主语、宾语、表语、定语what(ever)(无论)什么，东西 主语、宾语、表语、定语who(ever)(无论)谁(主格)主语、表语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)主语连接副词when什么时间状语where什么地点状语how怎样，如何状语why为什么状语重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注

2、意：1连接代词和连接副词引导的从句不用倒装语序。2连接代词和连接副词在句中担任句子成分。3连接词whether，if 以及that在句中只起连接作用，不担任句子成分。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表二 主语从句主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it做形式主语放在句首，尤其是连接词that引导的主语从句，即：It be adj.that从句。而what，whatever，whichever，whoever引导的主语从句一般不后置。但是，若要强调主句的谓语部分，则不用it，而直接将that从句置于句首，且that不可省略。It is possible that he may not be abl

3、e to come.他可能不能来。That he is still alive is sheer luck.他仍然活着那是十足的运气。That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.她将拒绝提议好像是不可能的。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地whoever，whatever和whichever也可引导主语从句。whoeveranyone who表明泛指关系，意为“任何的都，凡是的人都”。whateveranything that表示“所的一切，无论什么”。whichever意为“无论哪个；无论哪些”，既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词

4、，也可以跟of短语连用。Whoever comes will be welcome.任何人来都将会受到欢迎。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在这里所说的一切必须保密。Whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me.你选择哪一本书对我无关紧要。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地只能用it作形式主语的三种结构在that从句作主语的疑问句中Is it probable that they will come tomorrow?他们明天可能来吗？Itbe过去分词that从句It is demanded

5、that he leave at once.命令他立刻离开。Itseems/happens等that从句It appears that George might change his mind.似乎乔治可能改变主意。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表三 宾语从句that在宾语从句中不省略的情况and连接两个宾语从句，放在and后面的that宾语从句，that不能省略Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.大家都会看出所发生的事并知道汤姆非常害怕。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略The n

6、ew system is similar to the old one in that there is still a strong central government.新体制类似于旧体制，因为仍有一个强有力的中央政府。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后，其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导则需用it先行一步作形式宾语I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。动词find，feel

7、，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置I think it necessary that we(should)take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略Mother was very pleased her daughter had

8、 passed the exam.妈妈为女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。连词whether(or not)或if引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知道它是真是假。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地当think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词的主语为第一人称，且本身为一般现在时态时，其后的宾语从句的否定词通常转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致I feel it

9、 a pity that I havent been to the gettogether.我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾。I dont believe that man is killed by Jim，is he?我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀，是不是？重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态，但客观真理除外。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球围绕着太阳转。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表四 表语从句在句中作表语的从句

10、叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语系动词从句The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want.那正是我想要的。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他来晚的原因是他今天早上

11、差一分钟没赶上火车。在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，用“(should)动词原形”表示。My suggestion is that we(should)start early.我的建议是早点出发。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表五 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常用that引导，后常接同位语从句的名词有advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion

12、，truth，wish，word等。The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注意事项that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导同位语从句时只起连接从句的作用，无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。that在定语从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分，如果在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。The news that Mr.Li will teach us English i

13、s true.李先生将教我们英语这个消息是真的。(同位语从句，that不可省略)The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。(定语从句，that 在从句中作told 的宾语，可省略)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地注意事项一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用“should动词原形”表示，should可省略This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的请求是尽快解决这个问题

14、。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地表六 几个区别what/who/whatever/whoever等的用法区别一般说来，what/who 等的含义是特指，而whatever/whoever等的含义是泛指，意为“无论什么/无论谁”Whoever leaves the room last must turn off the lights.无论谁最后离开房间必须关灯。I cant remember who talked about it.我记不得谁说过它。(who特指某人)whatever引导名词性从句时不能用no matter what代替，因为后者只能引导让步状语从句。重点语法精析解码书面表

15、达勤思巧学园地where/when/why/how等连接副词引导的名词性从句中，使用的关键是：这些词必须符合句子的逻辑要求I have no idea when she will make the speech.我不知道她什么时候演讲。That is why he gave up his plan.这就是他为什么放弃了计划的原因。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地whether/if 的区别：二者都有“是否”的含义。下列情况下，用whether不用ifwhether引导主语从句且置于句首Whether he can finish his task on time remains to be

16、seen.他是否能按时完成任务有待观察。whether引导表语从句The question is whether the enemy is marching to us.问题是敌人是否正在向我们逼近。whether从句作介词的宾语We are interested in whether Yao Ming will attend the party.我们对姚明是否参加聚会感兴趣。从句后有or not 时Whether he will come or not is not clear.他是否要来还不确定。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地that和what的区别that仅起连接作用，不担任句子成

17、分；what既引导名词性从句，又在句中担任句子成分。That he passed the exam was true.他通过了考试是事实。The important thing is not what you say，but what you do.重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地用适当的连词填空Isnt it amazing _so many passengers were unhurt in the accident?This is _our problem lies.That is _he didnt come to the meeting.It l

18、ooks _it is going to rain._hell attend the meeting isnt clear.答案thatwherewhyas ifWhether重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地根据下列内容以Chinese Space Exploration为题，写一篇描写太空探索的文章。1中国人的飞天梦想由来已久；219992002年成功发射三艘无人飞船；320022005年先后成功发射并回收“神舟、神舟和神舟”，完成了多项科学实验；42003年神舟V第一次载人飞行成功，实现了飞天梦想；过程描述类记叙文重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地52008年9月25号至9月28号，

19、神舟VII实现了太空行走，并成功返回，为登月做好准备；6中国人有能力进行太空探索。注意：1.词数：120左右；2参考词汇：manned 载人的；spacecraft飞船；launch 发射。【写作分析】第一步：认真审题一审体裁：本文要求介绍中国航天事业的发展过程，属于记叙文写作范畴。重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地二审格式：本文按照记叙文要求即可。时态用过去时，用第三人称较合适。三审结构：首先概述中国航天事业的基本情况，然后详细介绍具体航天事件，最后阐述自己的观点。第二步：提炼要点1dreaming of doing sth2succeed in launching and regaini

20、ng spaceship3come true第三步：扩点成句1Chinese have been dreaming of going to space for a long time.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地2Between 2002 and 2005，China succeeded in launching and regaining Shenzhou，and，finishing many scientific experiments.3This success is to make preparations for manned landing on the moon in t

21、he future.4All of the success shows that our Chinese are able to explore and study space independently.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【品味佳作】Chinese Space ExplorationChinese have been dreaming of going to space for a long time.From 1999 to 2002 China had launched three unmanned spacecraft successfully.Between 200

22、2 and 2005，China succeeded in launching and regaining Shenzhou，and，finishing many scientific experiments.In 2003，the first manned spacecraft，Shenzhou，was sent into space successfully，Chinese dream coming重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地true.Another big success that China succeeded in launching and regaining Shenzh

23、ou VII on September 25th，2008 made the world a shock.And China realized walking in space during this flight.This success is to make preparations for manned landing on the moon in the future.All of the success shows that our Chinese are able to explore and study space independently.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地

24、【名师点津】1文章符合新闻报道的结构和要求，新闻报道的四个主要组成部分：标题、导语、正文和结束语齐全，语言表达多样化，句式变化丰富，内容表述条理清晰，适当地变换句型结构和所用词汇，尽量避免重复和单调，很好地完成了这次的写作任务。2亮点句式回放：In 2003，the first manned spacecraft，Shenzhou，was sent into space successfully，Chinese dream coming true.(独立主格结构)Another big success that China succeeded in launching and regainin

25、g Shenzhou VII on September 25th，2008 made the world a shock.(抽象名词具体化)重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地【写作模板】Chinese have been dreaming of _(写作的主题)From 1999 to 2002 China had launched three unmanned spacecraft successfully.Between 2002 and 2005，China succeeded in _(成果)，finishing _(成就)In 2003，the first manned space

26、craft，Shenzhou V，_(具体事件一)Another big success_(具体事件二)made _(意义)And China realized _(成就)This success is to make preparations for _(意义)All of the success shows that our Chinese are able to _(评价)independently.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地一、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。如：1误：Some of the boys I invited them didnt come.正：Some of the

27、 boys I invited didnt come.2误：The book that you need it is in the library.正：The book that you need is in the library.定语从句易犯错误重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：1误：Anyone who break the law will be punished.正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.2误：Those who has finished may go home.正：Those

28、who have finished may go home.3误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.4误：This is one of the rooms that is free now.正：This is one of the rooms that are free now.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如：1误：C

29、hildren eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.正：Children who/that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.2误：The key opens the bike is missing.正：The key that/which opens the bike is missing.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如：1误：The house where he lives in needs repairing.正：The house where he

30、lives needs repairing.或：The house he lives in needs repairing.2误：I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing.正：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.或：I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。1误：I still re

31、member the day when we spent together.正：I still remember the day that/which we spent together.2误：This is the house where we lived in last year.正：This is the house which/that we lived in last year.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地六、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如：1误：Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her abse

32、nce?正：Have you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?2误：I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late.正：I dont believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地七、误将强调句型当定语从句。如：1误：It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.正：It

33、was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.2误：Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come?正：Was it because it snowed last night that you didnt come?重点语法精析解码书面表达勤思巧学园地误：Is this book that your teacher gave you yesterday?正：Is this book the one that your teacher gave you yesterday?正：Is this the book that your teacher gave you yesterday？八、主句不完整。如：