江苏省栟茶高级中学校本化资料考前一周自主复习英语（5）.doc

1、江苏省栟茶高级中学校本化资料 考前一周自主复习英语（5）课标内容回顾重点语法三 主谓一致的基本原则（一）主谓一致的种类1语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of the students present is 200. Jane and Mary look alike. 2意义上一致1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The crowd were shouting. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有：people, police, cattle等。2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。

2、如：The news was so surprising. 形复意单的单词有news和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics, economics等。3就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，eitheror, neithernot, not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如： Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this. （二）主谓一致的应用1名词作主语1）某些集体名词，如family, team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，

3、谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His family is a happy one. The whole family are watching TV. 这类名词有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。名词population一词的使用情况类似。“a group(crowd) of +复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。2）某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等

4、，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The police are searching for the thief. 3）单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 4）名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The doctors is across the street. My uncles is not far from here. 常见的省略名词有：the bakers, the barbers, the carp

5、enters, the Zhangs等。表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardsons have a lot of goods to sell. 5）当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Three years has passed since then. 6）不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl wants to go to

6、 the cinema. 7）如果主语有more than one或many a构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：More members than one are against your plan. 8）一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers,

7、shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk. 9）this kind of book =a book of this kind（这种书），其谓语动词用单数；短语this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语动词用单数，men of this kind

8、和these kind of men的谓语动词用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous. Men of this kind are dangerous.10）复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致原则，作用单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有：means（方法），works（工厂），species（种类），Chinese，Japanese等。如： The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. (这家玻璃厂建于1980年。)The（These）

9、glass works are near the railway station. （这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。）当它们前面有a, such a , this, that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means, no means, the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。11）如果名词词组中心词是all，most, half, rest等词语，所指的复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。如： All of my classmates like music. All of the water is go

10、ne.12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由连接词连接的名词作主语 1）用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot. Walking and riding are good exercises.但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girls teache

11、r and friend is a young doctor.2）当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library.A large amount of(A great de

12、al of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3）表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.4）half of, (a) part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。3名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，

13、这类词有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The blind study in special schools.The departed was a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man, person或表

14、示人的单数连和，如：an old man, a rich person, the(a)wounded soldier4从句作主语1）由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2）在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。如：This is one of the most interesti

15、ng stories that have been told.但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.重点语法四 情态动词1can, could1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）2) 表示请求和允许。-Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you

16、cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true? This cant be done by him.

17、2 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1）He may /mi

18、ght be very busy now.2）Your mother may /might not know the truth.3must, have to1) 表示必须、必要。在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt.2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have t

19、o 有更多的时态形式。3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now.4 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there tha

20、t day， we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。I dare to swim across this river. He doesnt dare (to) answer.5. shall, should1) s

21、hall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)He shall be punished.(威胁)6. will, would1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。I will nev

22、er do that again.3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.4) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home.7. should, ought to1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。I should help her because she is

23、in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。1. Should I open the window?3) 表示推测should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)They ought to have arrived at the village.(表示对过去事情的推测)版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()