高中英语应用文写作讲解26页.ppt

1、应用文写作Writing test英语写作试题p 考察学生的书面表达能力（即写作能力）,属于语言能力表达的一方面，指语言学习者与使用者通过书面语言形式表达信息的能力。p 2018年,由教育部和国家语言文字工作委员会正式发布的(中国英语能力等级量表)(Chinas Standards of English)中,明确指出书面表达能力形式包括“书面描述、书面叙达、书面说明、书面论述、书面指示、书面互动”等，作为语言运用能力的集中体现。Practical Writing itself定义：应用文，即“应”付生活，“用”于实务的文章，是人们为解决日常生活实际需要，在学习、生活和工作中经常运用的文体。分类

2、(Text type)：1.语体类型：口头语体和书面语体2.体裁类型-功能：书信（电子邮件）、通知、请柬、便条、演讲稿、倡议书、新闻报道、日记、海报、说明书等。-建议信、咨询信、求助信、道歉信、投诉信、求职信、申请书、邀请信、感谢信和祝贺信等 Topic(主题)：话题或题材。考试大纲明确指出，任何一篇写作文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题,使用合适的句型、词组等 清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。人与自我人与自然人与社会Practical Writing test生活与学习做人与做事社会服务与人际沟通文学、艺术、与体育历史、社会与文化科学与技术自然生态环境保护灾害防范宇宙探索Practical

3、 Writing test题型解读Text type(体裁)Addressess（写作对象）Topic（主题）Operation（写作功能）Address（写作对象）试卷 Topic（主题）content(内容/语境)Addresses（to.）Type Operation2016，10交换生询问信息加拿大寄宿家庭Lynn电子邮件咨询信2017，6邀请参加郊游活动英国朋友Chris电子邮件邀请信2017，11邀请到家过春节外教Mr.Hall 书信邀请信2018，6志愿者应聘校英语协会书信申请信2018，11遗失钱包，寻求帮助航空公司电子邮件求助信2019，6感谢即将回国的Alex在英语学习上提

4、供的帮助外国友人Alex电子邮件感谢信浙江新高考英语试卷应用文人与自我-生活与学习人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通人与社会-历史、社会与文化人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通人与社会-社会服务与人际沟通1.本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。2.评分时，先根据文章内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数少于60和多于100的，从总分中减去2分。4.应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性以及上下文的连贯性。5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英，美拼写及词汇用法均可接

5、受。6.若书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。高考应用文评分原则Content内容要点Support细节拓展Organization组织行文Language遣词造句Content内容要点Support细节拓展Organization组织行文Language遣词造句偏离主题；混淆目的；不分主次；遗漏要点；缺乏合理细节；添加无关细节；体裁不明；结构不清；逻辑不顺；行文不畅；不准确；不恰当；不得体；不简洁应用文习作问题高考应用文高分特点Content内容要点Support细节拓展Organization组织行文Language遣词造句thoroughly-centeredeffectivel

6、y-detailedconhesively-writttenappropriately-employedskillfully-varied高考应用文写作步骤1.审题l 确定应用文体裁，常考的应用文体裁主要有：书信、电子邮件、通知、演讲稿、便条、日记等。l 确定文章格式l 确定文章人称l 确定文章时态l 明确写作对象2.谋篇布局l 文章要点，明确题目所给的提示内容，文章应该包括题目所给要点。考生可增加细节，使文章更饱满。l 文章结构，开头、结尾要简明精炼，照应主题，中间主体内容要具体详细地说明主旨，末段一般是对全文做出总结。l 素材安排，合理安排文章各个要点素材和主次关系。注意逻辑关系和连词。3

7、.润色语言尽量选择自己熟悉和有把握的词语、句型和表达方式，保证语言的正确性和规范性。适度使用加分表达，避免单一句式，简单句、复合句、并列句等可交替使用，但切忌追求运用高级词汇或句型进行堆砌，以免弄巧成拙。4.检查5种必考应用文分析 感谢信【感谢信三要素】1.提出感谢2.感谢原因（别人做了什么事让你感谢）3.如何回报（好好学习，继续努力等）【优秀句式】1.I am writing to extend my gratitude to you because 2.It is your unreserved help that enables me to obtain this splendid op

8、portunity of further education.3.For the following two years I will study hard to reciprocate your sincere help and expectations with excellent grades.道歉信【道歉信四要素】1.开篇点题，就事道歉2.道歉原因3.补救方式（你会怎么做来弥补这次道歉）4.希望再次得到原谅【优秀句式】1.I am terribly sorry to tell you 2.I really regret that I cannot go personally and w

9、ould miss the perfect chance of enjoying myself with all our old friends.申请信【申请信四要素】1.开篇提出申请。2.介绍个人学术背景、个人能力、兴趣爱好、性格特点等。3.工作经验。4.发出期待，希望回复。【优秀句式】1.I learned from the newspaper that your company needs/is in need of/is recruiting 2.Im really interested in this position so I am writing to apply for it.

10、3.Im an excellent student,among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.4.I hope I may be granted an interview,when I can explain my qualifications more fully.5种必考应用文分析 通知【通知四要素】1.开篇点题，说明邀请参加什么活动。2.详细介绍活动时间、地点、参加人员、活动内容。3.【有的作文可能没有】注意事项4.再次发出邀请。【优秀句式】1.Good afternoon,everyone.May I have your attention,

11、please?2.During the party,not only can you sing a Chinese song,but you will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks.3.Please make sure you wont miss it.Thank you for your attention.邀请信【邀请信四要素】1.开篇点题，发出邀请。2.介绍邀请参加的活动（内容、地点、时间、注意事项）3.夸赞对方。4.再次发出邀请。【优秀句式】1.Im writing

12、 to tell you that we intend to.And I sincerely invite you to go with us on behalf of our class.2.You may equip yourself with a camera to record the beautiful scenery and an umbrella or a raincoat is also necessary in case you are caught in a rain.3.Your participation can surely add color to our trip

13、 and we are all looking forward to your involvement.备考策略1.熟知应用文体裁应用文写作类型多样，包括书信、便条、通知、申请信、演讲稿、倡议书等，在写作时，要求考生运用正确的格式进行写作，因此考生在平时的学习中应熟悉应用文各体裁的写作格式，形成自己的写作思路，这样在考场上才能以最快的速度反应出该体裁的写作框架、流程、常用套语和词汇等。2.表达积累英语写作在于积累，考生应在平时的学习中积累写作表达，在平时的训练中练习引用与模仿。书信体作文：应用为主，传情为辅 开门见山，直奔主题 不简单罗列要点，用好高级连接词 分词、倒装、强调、从句等语法点依然

14、可以灵活运用。常用写作句型道歉信1.Much to my regret,I am unable to 让我感到极为遗憾的是自己不能2.I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did,but believe I had no intention to 对于我说的/做的事，我确实感到很抱歉。但请相信，我并非故意要3.I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies from the bottom of heart.我真诚的希望你能够站在我

15、的位置想一想，并且接受我来自心底的道歉。常用写作句型4.I sincerely hope you can understand that I offended you unintentionally.我真心希望你能理解，我并非有意冒犯。5.Anyhow,I sincerely hope that we can fix another time for.无论如何，我真心希望我们可以再找一个时间6.I sincerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.真诚希望你能理解我的处境，并接受我的道歉。7.I hope

16、that the settlement of the matter will meet your wishes.我希望对此事的处理能满足您的愿望。常用写作句型邀请信1.On behalf of my class,I am writing to invite you to come.我代表全班写信邀请您来。2.Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our shod on June I5th我写信邀请您在我校6月15日举办的英语演讲比赛中担任评委。3.We have de

17、cided to hold a farewell party in your honor at 5 pm on March 12th in our classroom.我们决定3月12日下午5点为你举行欢送会。4.We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience.如果您能在方便时尽早确认参加，我们将不胜感澈。常用写作句型5.If you have no other plans for(时间)，will you do us a favor of coming to?如果

18、你(时间)没有其它安排，能否赏脸来6.It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours,during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.它将于下午两点钟开始，四点钟结束，在此期间将会有十五位准备充分的参赛者发表演讲。7.Will you be free during that time?Please contact me at 1234567 at your earliest convenience.那期间你有空吗？请方便时尽快给我打电话1234567。常

19、用写作句型建议信【篇首句】说明事件+写信目的1.Im sorry to hear that+句子（陈述事实）.Such problems are quite normal.Im writing to provide you with some particularly practical suggestions.很遗憾听说。这样的问题是很正常的。我写信是为了给你提供一些特别实用的建议。2.You have asked me for my advice regarding how to learn Chinese,and I will try to make some particularly

20、practical suggestions here.你关于如何学习汉语询问我的建议，那么我就在这里给出一些非常实用的建议。3.Im particularly delighted to receive your letter inquiring my advice on how to fit in the new school life.Below are some extremely useful suggestions.很高兴收到你的来信，信上询问我关于如何适应新的学校生活。以下是一些非常有用的建议。常用写作句型【篇中句】提出具体建议1.What Id like to suggest is

21、 that+句子我想要建议.2.Its necessary for you to read some books about these places before you come to see them with your own eyes，because with more knowledge about these places,you will have a better understanding of Chinese history and culture.在你来亲眼看到这些地方之前，你有必要读一些关于这些地方的书。因为有了关于这些地方更多的知识，你将会更好的理解中国的历史和文化

22、。3.Above all,not only are you supposed to listen to the teacher carefully but also take notes in class so that you can go over your lessons as soon as you can after class.首先，你不仅应该认真听老师讲课。而且上课要做好笔记，以便下课后可以及时复习。常用写作句型4.Additionally，as is known to all，vocabulary is of great importance.Therefore，spendin

23、g half an hour in the morning reciting words and reading texts aloud are well worth doing.而且，众所周知，词汇是非常重要的。早上花半小时背诵单词和大声朗读课文是很值得做的。【篇尾句】希望采纳建议，并祝福1.I sincerely hope these suggestions will be beneficial to you.我真诚地希望我的建议对你有益。2.I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account/considera

24、tion.Whatever you decide to do,may you make great progress！我相信你会认真考虑我的建议。无论你决定做什么，祝你取得更大的进步。写作练习一.留言/请假条【题目要求】假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs.Wilson 不在家，你准备外出，请给Mrs.Wilson写一留言条，内容包括：1.外出购物2.替房东还书3.Tracy 来电话留言:1）咖啡屋（Bolton Coffee）见面取消2）此事己告知 Susan3）尽快回电写作练习【优秀范文】Mrs.WilsonIm going out shopping

25、and wont be back until about 5:00 pm.I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library.At about 1 oclock this afternoon,Tracy called,saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she had something important to attend to.She felt very sorry about th

26、at,but said that you could set some other time for the meeting.She wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home.She has already told Susan about this change.Yours sincerely,Li Hua写作练习二.申请信【题目要求】假定你是李华，从互联网(the Internet)上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营，欢迎各国学生参加。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。内容主要包括：1.自我介绍（包括英语

27、能力）；2.参加意图（介绍中国、了解其他国家）；3.希望获准。写作练习【优秀范文】Dear Sir or MadamThe other day I happened to read your advertisement on the Internet,saying that you are holding a summer camp aimed at students from around the world,and Im interested to participate in it.Im Li Hua,a middle school student in China.As a teena

28、ger,Im interested in making friends with kids of my age from around the world.Your camp will provide a good chance for me to know a lot about other countries and tell them something about China.Whats more,I can improve my English,communicating with people from other countries.I do hope that I can be

29、 lucky enough to be admitted to your camp.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua1.高考作文不同于“自由写作”高考作文为了达到一定的考察目的，考生要“根据要求写作”，在这个基础上鼓励考生发挥想象和联想写出自己的思考和感悟，因此，若要写好高考作文，既不能不顾写作要求信马由缰，也不能被要求所限，畏手畏脚。2.而要既符合要求，又要有张扬个性的出彩的地方。所以说高考作文不是自由写作，既有限制又有开放的空间，既有考生必须完成的规定动作又要有彰显特色的自选动作。3.一篇议论文如果能有几个联系密切并具有较强论证力度的主体

30、段，那就会增加论证的深度、广度和厚度，颇具层次感，使议论文富有说服力。因此，同学们写好议论文的主体段至关重要。4.出现大量的叙述文字，而缺少相应的议论性语言点睛，给人以罗列事例或者啰嗦叙事的感觉，并且暴露自己欠缺说理能力的缺点。5.空洞乏味的议论，缺乏必要的理论和事实支撑，车轱辘话绕来绕去，论述肤浅无力。6.段落中有事例有论述，但却水是水，油是油，没有分析融合，论点就如同生硬地贴在论据上面的标签，缺乏说服力。7.这是一则新材料运用作文，先是列举了古往今来中外青年成人礼仪和节日的沿革；接着从国际和国家层面，对青年提出了明确的希望和要求；最后指出“你们”成年，青年们前赴后继，成就自我人生，勇作社会脊梁。8.在运用部分，则指出结合材料进行联想和思考，致即将成年的自己。整道题条理明晰，从现象到本质，逐一得到揭示，很好地拓展了考生的写作思维。