新教材2021-2022学年英语译林必修第一册学案：UNIT 3 SECTION Ⅳ EXTENDED READING .doc

1、Section Extended reading & Project & Assessment be alone with ones own thoughts 独自思考reflection n沉思；反射； 映像；反映reflect v. 反思；反映；反射seek (sought, sought)vi. 试图；寻找；争取vt. 寻求；寻找seek to do sth寻求做某事escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘n. 逃离，逃脱escape into 逃进，躲进escape from 逃离smooth out 消除(问题)， 克服(困难)be meant to do

2、sth 注定要做某事， 应做某事benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益vi. 得益于benefit from 从中获益comfort vt. 宽慰，抚慰n. 舒服；安慰comfort the heart安慰心灵advise the head出谋划策more satisfied humans 更满足的人failure n失败；失败的人 (或事)；未 履行；故障take on 呈现，具有result from 由引起in full measure 最大程度地， 最大限度地moment n. 时光，时机;瞬间；某个时刻moments of closeness 亲密的时刻indeed

3、adv. 其实，实际上； 的确；真正地wellmeaning adj. 出于好心的， 善意的wellmeaning and wise friends 好心而明 智的朋友recognize vt. 承认，意识到； 认出，辨别出 onesided adj.片面的offer advice on sth就某事提供建议talk problems over with sb和某人讨论问题put our thoughts into words 把我们的想法用语言表达出来thorough adj. 彻底的，全面的；仔细的be known as 被认为是； 号称；叫作with the help of借助于skil

4、l n. 技能，技巧；death n. 死，死亡；死亡状态die vi. 死point out 指出company n. 陪伴，作伴；公司 crowd n. 一伙人，一帮人；人群vt. 挤满，使拥挤vi. 聚焦；挤，涌crowded adj. 拥挤的 enjoy the company of a crowd 享受一群人 的陪伴the same as 和一样such as 诸如Of FriendshipAs we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts， for quiet

5、periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.Social life is also important to us.More often than not, close friendships will help smooth out the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant

6、to travel.11本句是主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the sometimes rocky road；副词性短语More often than not在句中作状语。As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.2 Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”： they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achie

7、ve the goals we set for ourselves.Through friendship, we can become happier, wiser and more satisfied humans.2本句是主从复合句。As引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词benefits of friendship。The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure.3 Here, frien

8、dship has a double advantage happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! Naturally, this kind of openness results from a close friendship.With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness in full measure.We know that our friends will both respect ou

9、r feelings and treasure these moments of closeness.Indeed， the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.3本句是主从复合句。主句是“主系表”结构；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the peace，并且在从句中作主语。The second fruit of friendship is the better understanding and judgement that may be achieved through conversat

10、ions with wellmeaning and wise friends.We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own. 4As a result, if we are guided only by our own feelings, our judgements might be onesided.On the other hand, our friends are better able to offer advice on important decisions that we a

11、ll have to make.Also, when we want to talk our problems over with a friend, we have to put our thoughts into words first.This alone helps make our thoughts clearer and brings us a more thorough understanding of our problems.4本句是简单句。基本结构是“主语findit形容词to do .”。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构。The third fruit of

12、friendship is the help that a friend may offer in many different ways.Sometimes a friend is even known as our “second self”There are so many things in life that can only be achieved with the help of friends.Friends may have many different ideas and skills.They can help us achieve what we want during

13、 life and, perhaps, even after death.Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the same as being with friends.5 Friends should be carefully chosen and relationships carefully developed.In this way, we can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and

14、 help from our trusted friends.(Adapted from “Of Friendship”， an essay written by Francis Bacon, a great English writer, scientist and philosopher)5本句是主从复合句。it作形式主语， that引导主语从句作真正的主语。在从句中，动名词短语enjoying the company of a crowd作主语。论友谊当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为一段时间的安静的沉思可以带来个人的进步。然而，当我们试图独处时，我们必须小心，不

15、要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。社交生活对我们也很重要。更多的时候，亲密的友谊将有助于铺平有时我们都注定要走的崎岖之路。由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。一般来说，亲密的友谊有三个“成果”：它们可以抚慰心灵，出谋划策，帮助我们实现我们为自己设定的目标。通过友谊，我们可以成为更快乐、更聪明、更满足的人。友谊的第一个成果是与朋友分享我们的喜悦、悲伤、成功和失败所带来的和平。在这里，友谊有双重优势幸福具有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！当然，这种开放是由亲密的友谊而引起的。和真正的朋友在一起，我们可以尽情地分享我们的快乐和悲伤。我们知道，我们的朋友不仅会尊重我们的感情，而且会珍惜这些亲密

16、的时刻。事实上，人类的内心依赖于这样的安慰和被保护的机会。友谊的第二个成果是通过与善意而智慧的朋友交谈所获得的更好的理解和判断。我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别我们自己弱点的更容易。因此，如果我们纯粹被自己的感情所支配，我们的判断就可能是片面的。另一方面，我们的朋友能更好地为我们都必须做出的重要决定提供建议。此外，当我们想和朋友讨论我们的问题时，我们必须先把我们的想法用语言表达出来。只有这样才能使我们的想法更加清晰，并使我们对我们的问题有更透彻的理解。友谊的第三个成果是朋友可以以许多不同的方式提供的帮助。有时朋友甚至被称为“第二自己”。生活中有很多的事情只有在朋友的帮助下才能实现。朋友可能有许

17、多不同的想法和技能。他们可以帮助我们在生命中，甚至在死亡之后实现我们想要实现的目标。最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。选择朋友须谨慎，经营友情须用心。只有这样，在值得信任的朋友的安慰、建议和帮助下，我们才能更好地走好“人生之路”。(改编自散文论友谊，作者是英国伟大的作家、科学家和哲学家弗朗西斯培根).Skim the text and summarize the main idea for each part.Part 1(Para.1)AThree fruits of friendship.Part 2(Paras.25) BClose friendships wil

18、l help smooth out the sometimes rocky road.Part 3(Para.6) CAdvice on making friends.答案：Parts 13BAC.Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.1How many “fruits”of friendship are mentioned in the passage?AOne.BTwo.CThree. DFour.2Which advantage of friendship is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 2?AC

19、omfort the heart.BLend us some money.CHelp us reach our goals.DAdvise the head.3Where does the first “fruit” of friendship come from?AOne who has joy, sadness, success, and failure.BA friend respecting our feelings.CA person who is free from failure.DAn individual with whom we can share our joy, sad

20、ness, success and failure.4The words “This alone” in Paragraph 4 mean .Afinding weakness of our own firstBachieving what we want to achieveCoffering advice on important decisions to othersDputting our thoughts into words before we talk with a friend5What can we learn from the last paragraph?AA caref

21、ully chosen friend will bring us advantages.BPeople can succeed as soon as he has friends.CIndividuals can choose friends carelessly.DWe ought to enjoy the company of a crowd.答案： 15CBDDA.Master the key content of the text.Fill in the blanks using the proper words according to the text.When we walk t

22、he “path of life”， social life is really important. More often than not, sometimes friendship can help us 1.(to) smooth (smooth) out the rocky road that we are 2.meant (mean) to travel. Generally speaking, close friendships have three main 3. benefits (benefit). The first one is that they can comfor

23、t the heart, because the peace comes from having someone 4.whom/that we share with our joy, sadness, success and 5.failure (fail). The second one is that they can advise the head because we may have better 6.understanding (understand) and judgement that are achieved through conversations with wellme

24、aning 7.and wise friends. The third one is that they can help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves because friends may offer help 8. in many different ways. Finally, if we want to 9.better (well) walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our 10.trusted (trust) friends, we s

25、hould choose friends and develop relationships carefully.重点单词1seek permission 征求同意2escape the pull of the earths gravity 挣脱地球的引力3bring joy to people 给人民带来喜悦4in a few moments 过了一会儿5A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难朋友才是真正的朋友。6wellmeaning invitation 善意的邀请7thorough competence 全面的能力8keep me company

26、 陪伴我9the great poet Qu Yuan 伟大的诗人屈原10homemade wine 自酿的葡萄酒11Tom is greedy to do his homework to have a comfortable (comfort) holiday.12The cat felt curious when she saw her own reflection (reflect) in the mirror.13The doctor considered that the change would be beneficial (benefit) to her health.14Aft

27、er 25 years the town centre has changed beyond recognition (recognize)1抽象名词具体化failure：失败失败的人或事物success：成功成功的人或事delight：高兴令人高兴的事pleasure：乐趣令人高兴的事attraction：吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty：美；美丽美丽的人或事物danger：危险危险的人或因素shock：震惊令人震惊的事情2“comfort”家族comfort n舒适；自在comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的comfortably adv.舒适地；舒服地uncomfortable

28、 adj.不舒服的；不自在的uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地 .重点短语1They finally smoothed out (克服) all the difficulties and made a big breakthrough.2There is no doubt that stress can lead to (导致) physical illness.3My expectations had been met in full measure (最大限度地) after three years of trying.4The mountain will take o

29、n (呈现) a new look after the rain.5I believe he is meant to (注定) be a soldier because thats what hes been chasing.典型句式1.教材原句As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.因为我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。句式分析as引导原因状语从句佳句仿写As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with thi

30、s material.由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样用这块布料。2.教材原句We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weakness than our own.我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别自己的更容易。句式分析主语及物动词it宾语补足语真正的宾语佳句仿写You may find it hard to concentrate in class.你可能发现很难在课上集中注意力。1reflection n沉思；反射；映像；反映(教材p.39)As we walk the “path of life”， we may sometimes w

31、ish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.当我们走在“人生之路”上时，有时我们可能希望独自思考，因为一段时间的安静的沉思可以带来个人的进步。(1)on reflection仔细想来，经过慎重考虑without reflection 不假思索地(2)reflect vi. 思考vt. 思考；映射；反射reflect on/upon 思考，反省(3)reflective adj. 沉思的；深思的；反光的图解助记(经典佳句)Your c

32、lothes are often a reflection of your personality.穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。巧学助记One day, Mary was reflecting on/upon the meaning of a science essay by the lake when she suddenly saw herself reflected in the water.She was scared at her reflection.一天，玛丽在湖边思考一篇科学论文的意义时，突然看到倒映在水中的自己。她被自己的倒影吓了一跳。练透单句语法填空On dark nigh

33、ts children should wear reflective (reflect) clothing.When the suns rays hit the earth, a lot of the heat is reflected (reflect) back into space.写美句式升级The man was lying on the grass and reflected on what happened that day.The man was lying on the grass，reflecting on what happened that day.(用现在分词短语作状

34、语改写)2seek (sought, sought) vi.试图；寻找；争取vt.寻求；寻找(教材p.39)However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that w d not always escape into our own world.然而，当我们试图独处的时候，我们必须小心，不要总是逃避到自己的世界里去。seek to do sth试图做某事；努力做某事seek out 找到；寻出seek for 找寻；寻求seek after 追求；寻求seek ones fortune 外出寻找发财机会(经典佳句)Now a num

35、ber of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is often not enough.如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。巧学助记In order to seek happiness, he went to big cities to seek (for) his fortune.After searching every corner of the cities for it, he didn

36、t find any job fit for him, so he had to return to his village to explore.为了寻找幸福，他去了大城市淘金。在找遍了城市的各个角落之后，他没有找到适合他的任何工作，因此，他只好回到农村去探索。练透单句语法填空I am always seeking to improve (improve) my teaching method.He is a man who likes seeking after wealth and power.写美补全句子We seek to help every student to discover

37、 the joy and fulfillment in learning.我们试图帮助每一位学生发现学习的乐趣与满足感。Every one has the right to make friends, seek after happiness and dreams.每个人都有交朋友、追求幸福和梦想的权利。3escape vi.& vt.逃脱，逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘n.逃离，逃脱(1)escape from 从逃脱/逃跑escape名词/doing sth 避开(做)某事escape ones attention 逃过某人的注意(2)a narrow escape 九死一生(经典佳句)As a

38、 child he would often escape into a dream world of his own.小时候他常常躲进自己的梦幻世界中。名师点津注意下面两个短语的区别：escape from prison越狱escape prison逃过牢狱之灾练透单句语法填空Fortunately, he escaped from the burning house without being injured.It is said that he narrowly escaped being killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other da

39、y.写美句式升级After he had escaped from prison, he came to a small town.After escaping from prison, he came to a small town.(用非谓语动词改写)4benefit n优势，益处，成效vt.使受益vi.得益于(教材p.39)As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.由于我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享受友谊的许多好处。(1)be of benefit to .对

40、有益的for the benefit of . 为了的利益(2)benefit from/by . 从中受益benefit sb 使某人获益(3)beneficial adj. 有益的be beneficial to . 对有益(经典佳句)There is no doubt that being honest is for the benefit of the country and the individual.毫无疑问，诚信对于国家和个人而言都有好处。练透单句语法填空It is said that the company has benefited a lot from/by the ne

41、w policy.The doctor thought the change would be beneficial (benefit) to the patients health.It was for the benefit of your company that we did that.写美句型转换It is said that yoga is very beneficial to human health.It is said that yoga is of great benefit to human health.The new teaching method will bene

42、fit a large number of students.A large number of students will benefit from/by the new teaching method.5failure n失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障(教材p.39)The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure.友谊的第一个果实是与朋友分享我们的喜悦、悲伤、成功和失败所带来的和平。(1)a fai

43、lure一个失败的人，一件失败的事(2)fail v. 失败；不及格fail to do sth 没做成某事fail (in) sth 失败，没有通过(经典佳句)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help shape your year ahead.到了年底，快速回顾一年的成败将会影响你来年的发展。名师点津抽象名词用作本义时，一般是不可数的。但个别抽象名词可用来表示可数的人或物，被称作抽象名词具体化，此时名词的词义将发生变化。failure 作可数名词，意为“失败者，失败的事”；作不可数名词，意为“

44、失败”。类似的词还有success, surprise, honour, difficulty等。练透单句语法填空You will learn about the schools class sizes, areas of success and failure (fail), and so on.Im not talking about those who fail to get (get) to the top.We cant all get there.写美补全句子The man failed to persuade his wife to go with him.这个人没能说服他的妻子

45、和他一起去。He was a failure as an actor, but he was a great success as a father.作为演员他是失败的，但作为父亲他是成功的。6take on呈现，具有；承拉；雇用(教材p.39)Here, friendship has a double advantagehappiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 在这里，友谊有双重优势幸福有更大的意义，分担的烦恼减半！take away拿走；使离开；消除病痛等take

46、down 记下来；拆掉take over 接收，接管，取代take in 吸收；理解；欺骗take up 开始从事；占用，花费(时间、空间或精力)(经典佳句)The city has been developing very fast and it has taken on a new look.这个城市发展很快，呈现出新的面貌。练透写出下列句中take on的汉语意思Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day.呈现He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he d

47、id.承担Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.雇用写美补全句子Peter will take up the management of the finance department.彼得将从事财务部的管理工作。The young man will take over the company when his father is old.这个年轻人会在父亲年老时接管这个公司。7recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出(教材p.39)We often find it easier to recognize ot

48、her peoples weaknesses than our own.我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别我们自己的更容易。(1)recognize ones voice辨别出某人的声音recognize sb as/to be . 承认某人是It is recognized that . 人们公认(2)recognition n. 承认；认出(3)recognizable adj. 容易认出的(经典佳句)We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push them to work hard to achieve a goal

49、.我们应该特别认可孩子的努力来使他们更加努力地去实现目标。练透单句语法填空The Yellow River is recognized as/to be our mother river.My hometown has changed beyond recognition (recognize)Yao Ming is easily recognizable (recognize) as he is very, very tall.写美句型转换People recognize that the sports meeting is a great success.It is recognized

50、that the sports meeting is a great success.It is recognized that traffic jam has become one serious problem to citizens.Traffic jam is recognized to have become one serious problem to citizens.8company n陪伴，作伴；公司(教材p.40)Finally, it should be pointed out that enjoying the company of a crowd is not the

51、 same as being with friends.最后，应该指出，与一群人在一起和与朋友在一起，不是一回事。(1)keep sb company陪伴某人(2)accompany vt. 伴随，陪同；为伴奏accompany sb to sp 陪伴某人去某地accompany sb at/on 为某人伴奏be accompanied with/by . 伴随；由陪同(经典佳句)Even when walking in the company of two other men, I am bound to learn from them.三人行，必有我师焉。名师点津“陪伴某人做某事”不能表达

52、成accompany sb to do sth，而是表达成do sth in the company of sb。练透单句语法填空There was strong wind accompanied (accompany) by heavy rain last night.While she danced wonderfully on the stage, her mother accompanied her on/at the piano.Children, when they are accompanied by/with their parents, are allowed to ente

53、r the stadium.写美一句多译我生病时我的朋友过来陪我去看医生。My friend came to accompany me to hospital while I was ill.(accompany)My friend came to keep me company to hospital while I was ill.(company)9crowd n一伙人，一帮人；人群vt.挤满，使拥挤 vi.聚集；挤，涌(1)crowd in (on sb)/into sth(想法、问题等) 涌上心头；涌入脑海crowd into . 大批涌入(2)the crowd 人群，观众，群众a

54、 crowd of 一群(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的be crowded with . 挤满，满是(经典佳句)There were crowds of fans at the gate waiting for her signature.大门口有很多粉丝等着她签名。练透单句语法填空Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.The electric car show was crowded with people, which shows the popularity

55、of the electric cars.写美补全句子Memories crowded when I saw the photo.当我看到这张照片时，往事涌上心头。On the National Day, the streets were crowded with a large number of people.国庆节这天，大街上人头攒动。1句型公式： as引导原因状语从句(教材p.39)As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.因为我们生活在社会群体中，我们可以享

56、受友谊的许多好处。(1)As we live in social groups为as引导的原因状语从句， as在此表示“因为，由于”。(2)as作从属连词的其他用法总结：引导时间状语从句，表示“当时候；随着；一边一边”。引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，如，像”。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”。(从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面；单数可数名词提前时应省掉冠词)引导比较状语从句，表示“像一样地”。(经典佳句)As the teacher was satisfied with what we had done, she began to smile.因为老师对我们所做

57、的感到满意，所以她露出了会心的笑容。练透写出下列句中as的汉语意思/补全句子He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.当时候Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired.虽然As he was busy, he had no time to play with his children.因为Youd better do as the teacher has told you.按照As I was busy preparing

58、for my final exam, I didnt reply to your email as soon as I received it.因为我正忙着准备期末考试，所以我没能及时回复你的邮件。写美句式升级Although they were tired, they stayed up preparing the report.Tired as they were, they stayed up preparing the report.2句型公式：主语及物动词it宾语补足语真正的宾语(教材p.39)We often find it easier to recognize other pe

59、oples weaknesses than our own.我们经常发现识别别人的弱点比识别我们自己的更容易。句型基本结构是：主语及物动词it(作形式宾语)宾语补足语真正的宾语。(1)常用于以上结构的动词还有feel, think, find, consider等；(2)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词；真正宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。(经典佳句) It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.让他很难适应国外新环境

60、的是文化而不是语言。练透单句语法填空My car makes it possible for me to reach (reach) my office on time.Ive found it interesting to talk with foreigners in English.We thought it no use explaining (explain) to him what had happened.写美句型转换Frankly speaking, at first I found it was difficult to learn English pronunciation rules.Frankly speaking, at first I found it difficult to learn English pronunciation rules.