2021高一英语寒假作业同步练习题 句子成分（含解析）.doc

1、句子成分1They had to _ (斗争) against all kinds of difficulties.2Its very rude to stick your _ (舌头) out at people.3The new _ (学期) is coming and I have to go back.4As soon as we opened the front door we could smell the _ (燃气).5The price of p_ is coming down by four pence a gallon.6The majority of us feel w

2、orried if we walk through a _ (地下通道).7Eleanor moved into a small furnished a_.8He put on a pair of _ (短裤) and an undershirt.9There are several _ (具体的) problems to deal with.10I was impressed by the v_ of dishes on offer.11Id a_ it if you let me get on with my job.12He was r_ as the most successful p

3、rofessional player.【答案】1struggle2tongue3semester4gas5petrol6subway7apartment8pants9specific10variety11appreciate12regarded【分析】1考查动词。句意：他们不得不与各种各样的困难作斗争。根据汉语意思“斗争”以及上文had to可知应填动词原形struggle“斗争”。故填struggle。2考查名词。句意：向别人伸出舌头是很不礼貌的。根据汉语意思“舌头”以及上文your可知应填名词tongue“舌头”。故填tongue。3考查名词。句意：新学期就要到了，我得回去了。根据汉语意思

4、“学期”以及上文The new可知应填名词semester“学期”。故填semester。4考查名词。句意：我们一打开前门就闻到煤气味。根据汉语意思“燃气”以及上文the可知应填名词gas“燃气”。故填gas。5考查名词。句意：汽油价格每加仑下降四便士。根据单词首字母和句意表示“汽油”名词为petrol。故填petrol。6考查名词。句意：当我们走过地下通道时，大多数人都会感到焦虑。根据汉语意思“地下通道”以及上文a可知应填单数名词subway。故填subway。7考查名词。句意：埃莉诺搬进了一间有家具的小公寓。根据单词首字母和句意表示“公寓”名词为apartment，冠词为a此处用单数名词。

5、故填apartment。8考查名词。句意：他穿上一条裤子和一件汗衫。根据汉语意思“短裤”名词为pants，故填pants。9考查形容词。句意：有几个具体的问题需要处理。根据汉语意思“具体的”且修饰名词problems应用形容词specific。故填specific。10考查名词。句意：所提供的各种菜肴给我留下了深刻的印象。根据单词首字母和句意表示“各种各样的”短语为the variety of，故填variety。11考查动词。句意：如果你让我继续工作，我会很感激的。根据单词首字母和句意表示“感激”动词为appreciate，结合上文Id此处应用原形。故填appreciate。12考查动词。句

6、意：他被认为是最成功的职业运动员。根据单词首字母和句意表示“被认为是”短语为be regarded as，故填regarded。语法专题（句子成分）主语表示句子描述的是“谁”(人)或“什么”(事物)，是谓语的陈述对象，通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。(主语是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般放在句首。)The moon moves around the earth. 月亮围绕地球转。She is a clever girl. 她是一个聪明的女孩儿。 Swimming is a good exercise. 游泳是一项好的运动。 To say is one thing,

7、 and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另外一回事。What we need is food.我们需要的是食物。谓语说明主语的动作或者状态，一般在主语的后面。由动词或者动词短语担当。 I like studying English. 我喜欢学英语。 Chinese is a kind of great language! 汉语是一种伟大的语言！ 宾语是动作的承受者，表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象，或者用于介词后构成介词短语，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或者从句等担当。有些及物动词，如give, pass, send, bring, tell, teach

8、, show等+ sb. sth.可以有两个宾语：一个指人，一个指物。这样宾语就包括直接宾语(表示动作的承受者，多为物)和间接宾语(表示动作是针对谁或为谁而做，多为人)。我们把“直接宾语+间接宾语”叫做“双宾语”。We love our country! 我们热爱我们的祖国！Her mother likes her very much! 她妈妈非常喜欢她！He gave me a book. 他给我一本书。(me是间接宾语；book是直接宾语)补足语是补充说明主语或者宾语用的，通常由名词、形容词、代词、动词(原形)、分词等担当。宾语和宾语补足语之间一般存在逻辑上的主谓关系。We elected

9、 him monitor. 我们选他当班长。(monitor作him的宾语补足语)He was elected monitor. 他被选为班长。 (monitor作he的主语补足语)表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态或者身份，常与系动词一起，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或者从句担当。We are Chinese. 我们是中国人。 The story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来很有趣。定语 用来修饰或者限定名词及代词，起修饰或限制作用。经常由代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或者从句等担当。翻译成汉语时一

10、般定语与中心词之间有“的”字连接。This is a difficult problem. 这是一个很难的问题。I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要写。状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子用的，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或者从句等担当。翻译成汉语时一般状语与中心词之间有“地”字连接。He can speak English fluently. 他能很流利地说英语。练习题：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分13The students got on the school bus.14He handed me the newspaper

11、.15I shall answer your question after class.16What a beautiful Chinese painting!17They went hunting together early in the morning.18His job is to train swimmers.19He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.20There is going to be an American film tonight.21He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.22Hi

12、s wish is to become a scientist.23He managed to finish the work in time.24Tom came to ask me for advice.25He found it important to master English.26Do you have anything else to say?27To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.28Would you please tell me your address?29He sat there, reading a new

13、spaper.30It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.31He noticed a man enter the room.32The apples tasted sweet.【答案】13主语，定语14间接宾语15谓语，状语16定语17状语，状语18定语，表语19宾语，状语20谓语，主语21谓语22主语，表语23谓语，宾语24状语25形式宾语，真正宾语26宾语,定语27插入语，状语28宾语(间宾+直宾)29状语，状语30形式主语，表语，宾补31宾补32表语【分析】13考查句子成分。句意：学生们上了校车。分析句子成分可知，第一处划

14、线部分The students是句子主语；第二处划线部分school是名词作定语修饰名词bus。故答案是主语，定语。14考查句子成分。句意：他把报纸递给我。分析句子成分可知，动词hand是句子的谓语，hand后接了双宾语，即“hand+间接宾语+直接宾语”，所以划线部分me是间接宾语。故答案是间接宾语。15考查句子成分。句意：我会在课后回答你的问题。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分shall answer是“情态动词+动词”构成句子的谓语；第二处划线部分after class是时间状语。故答案是谓语，状语。16考查句子成分。句意：多么美的一幅中国画！分析句子成分可知，划线部分beautiful

15、是形容词作定语，修饰“Chinese painting”，故答案是定语。17考查句子成分。句意：他们一大早一起去打猎。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分hunting作目的状语；第二处划线部分early in the morning在句中作时间状语，故答案是状语，状语。18考查句子成分。句意：他的工作是训练游泳者。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分His是形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词job；第二处划线部分to train swimmers位于be动词后，是作表语，故答案是定语，表语。19考查句子成分。句意：他在北京拍了很多宫殿的照片。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分many photos of

16、the palaces作动词took的宾语；第二处划线部分 in Beijing在句中作地点状语，故答案是宾语，状语。20考查句子成分。句意：今晚将有一个美国电影。分析句子成分可知，本句是there be句型，第一处划线部分There is going to be是句子的谓语；第二处划线部分an American film是句子的主语。故答案是谓语，主语。21考查句子成分。句意：他明天要去上海。分析句子成分可知，划线部分is to leave for Shanghai是句子的谓语。故答案是谓语。22考查句子成分。句意：他的愿望是成为一个科学家。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分His wish是

17、句子的主语；第二处划线部分to become a scientist位于be动词后，是作表语，故答案是主语，表语。23考查句子成分。句意：他设法及时完成了工作。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分managed是谓语动词，所以作谓语成分；第二处划线部分to finish the work in time是作动词的宾语。故答案是谓语，宾语。24考查句子成分。句意：Tom来向我征求建议。分析句子成分可知，划线部分to ask me for advice作目的状语，故答案是状语。25考查句子成分。句意：他发现掌握英语很重要。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分it是动词found的形式宾语；第二处划线部分t

18、o master English是不定式作真正宾语。故答案是形式宾语，真正宾语。26考查句子成分。句意：你有其他要说的事情吗？分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分anything是动词have的宾语；第二处划线部分to say是不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词anything。故答案是宾语，定语。27考查句子成分。句意：老实说，你的发音不是那么好。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分To be honest作插入语；第二处划线部分so是程度副词作状语修饰形容词good，故答案是插入语，状语。28考查句子成分。句意：你能告诉我你的地址吗？分析句子成分可知，划线部分me your address是动词tell

19、的双宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。故答案是宾语(间宾+直宾)。29考查句子成分。句意：他坐在那儿，正在读报纸。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分there作地点状语；第二处划线部分reading a newspaper是非谓语动词作伴随状语，故答案是状语，状语。30考查句子成分。句意：保持教室干净整洁是我们的职责。分析句子成分可知，第一处划线部分It 在句中是形式主语；第二处划线部分位于be动词后，作表语；第三处划线部分clean and tidy是形容词作宾语补足语。故答案是形式主语，表语，宾补。31考查句子成分。句意：他注意到一个男人进了房间。分析句子成分可知，enter the room是对

20、宾语a man的补充说明，所以作宾语补足语，故答案是宾补。32考查句子成分。句意：苹果尝起来很甜。分析句子成分可知，tasted是感官动词，后面的形容词是作表语，所以划线部分sweet是表语，故答案是表语。阅读理解（说明文）There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and w

21、riting skills, you should first master the skills of reading and listening.Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or

22、 try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across. but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or

23、sentences in it.As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily

24、 guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening. For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. A

25、gain the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve quickly, and you can be a fluent English speaker one day.33According to the writer, which should you improve first among the four skil

26、ls?AReading and listening.BReading and writing.CWriting and speaking.DSpeaking and listening.34To improve your reading, when you read you should _.Alook up all the new words in the dictionaryBthink about what you are reading activelyCspend more time studying grammarsDcopy as many words and sentences

27、 as possible35The underlined phrase “come across” in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by “_”.AmeetBdiscoverChearDlook for【答案】33A34B35A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学习英语的四种技巧。33细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills, you shoul

28、d first master the skills of reading and listening.”（你必须记住的最重要的事情是，如果你想提高你的听说能力，你首先应该掌握读和听的技能。）可知，阅读和听力技能是首先要掌握的。故选A。34细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active.It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. ”（尽可

29、能多地阅读。但是你的阅读必须是主动的。这就意味着你必须思考句子的意思、不熟悉的词汇的意思，等等）可知，为了提高你的阅读能力，当你阅读时，你应该积极思考你正在阅读的内容。故选B。35词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子“There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them wh

30、enever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough.”（你不需要太注意语法，也不需要理解你come across的所有不熟悉的单词，但只要你第一次看到它们，只要你一看到就能认出它们，比如在其他文章或书中，就足够了。）可知，根据句意，结合下文的see，可推知划线词的意思是“遇到，看到”。故选A。写作（改错）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出修

31、改后的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Im one of the students in our class who has ever been to England. Last summer I was lucky enough to be sent there to study. As soon as I arrived on England by plane, I was picked up by the Smiths, which I w

32、ould live with for the next two weeks. We felt like a fish out of water when I got there. The Smiths did what they could make me feel at home. I study at an international school, where I met friend from all over the world. I seized the opportunity to practise my speak English. Soon I made such a rap

33、id progress that I received highly praise from all the people around.【答案】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者去年夏天去英国学习的经历和感受。【详解】第一处：考查主谓一致。句意：我是我们班上曾经去过英国的学生之一。分析句子可知，the students是定语从句先行词，在后面定语从句中作主语。所以谓语的单复数要和the students保持一致。故hashave。第二处：考查介词。句意：我坐飞机一到英国，就被史密斯一家接走了，我将和他们一起生活两个星期。arrive in到达（大地点）。故onin。第三处：考查关系代词。句意

34、：我坐飞机一到英国，就被史密斯一家接走了，我将和他们一起生活两个星期。分析句子可知，the Smiths是先行词，指人。在后面定语从句中作介词with的宾语，所以关系代词用whom。故whichwhom。第四处：考查代词。句意：当我到那儿的时候，我感到不舒服。根据句意，故WeI。第五处：考查增加词。句意：史密斯一家人做了他们所能做的让我感到不拘束。分析句子可知，what they could是宾语从句，could之后省略了动词do。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故could后加to 。第六处：考查一般过去时。句意：我在一所国际学校学习，在那里我遇到了来自世界各地的朋友。根据语境可知文章用一般过去

35、时态。故studystudied。第七处：考查名词复数。句意：我在一所国际学校学习，在那里我遇到了来自世界各地的朋友。friend是可数名词，且前无冠词修饰。根据句意。故friendfriends 。第八处：考查形容词。句意：我抓住这个机会练习英语口语。spoken English口语。为固定搭配。故speakspoken 。第九处：考查删除多余词。句意：很快，我取得了迅速的进步，得到了周围所有人的高度赞扬。progress是不可数名词。故去掉a 。第十处：考查形容词。句意：很快，我取得了迅速的进步，得到了周围所有人的高度赞扬。形容词high修饰名词praise。故highlyhigh 。【点睛】在限制性定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词为that ,which。当先行词为人时，关系代词为that，who，whom。在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词为物时，关系代词为which。当先行词为人时，关系代词为who,whom。当先行词作定语从句的主语时，关系代词不能省略。作宾语时，关系代词能够省略。但要注意在引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who 和 whom均可用，但以用 whom 为佳，此时也不能省略。分析第三处句子可知，the Smiths是先行词，指人。在后面定语从句中作介词with的宾语，所以关系代词用whom。故whichwhom。