2021年高考英语大一轮复习 课时作业41 Module 5 Ethnic Culture（含解析）外研版.doc

1、课 时 作 业 .阅读理解(张家口一中高三月考)Scientists have solved the mystery of why the overwhelming majority of mammoth fossils (化石) are male.Much like wild elephants today, young male Ice Age mammoths probably travelled around alone and more often got themselves into risky situations where they were swept into rive

2、rs, or fell through ice or into mud, lakes or sinkholes that preserved their bones for thousands of years, scientists say.Females, on the other hand, travelled in groups led by an older matriarch who knew the landscape and directed her group away from danger.“Without the benefit of living in a herd

3、led by an experienced female, male mammoths had a much higher risk of dying in natural traps such as mud holes, rock cracks and lakes，”said coauthor Love Dalen of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in a report published on Thursday in the journal Current Biology.The study used genetic data to det

4、ermine the sex of 98 woolly mammoth fossils in Siberia Researchers found that 69% of the samples were male, a heavily unbalanced sex ratio, assuming that the sexes were fairly even at birth.“We were very surprised because there was no reason to expect a sex bias in the fossil record，” said first aut

5、hor Patricia Pecnerova, also of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. Therefore, researchers believe that something about the way they lived influenced the way they died.Most bones, tusks, and teeth from mammoths and other Ice Age animals havent survived, explained Dalen.“It is highly likely that t

6、he remains that are found in Siberia these days have been preserved because they have been buried, and thus protected from weathering.”These giant, tusked plant eaters disappeared about 4,000 years ago. While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, m

7、ost believe that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家们做了一项研究调查，揭开了mammoth化石大部分是雄性的原因，并且还指出mammoth灭绝的可能性原因。1The underlined word “matriarch” in paragraph 3 means _.Afigure head Bfemale leaderCe

8、xperienced animal Dmature mammoth答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段可知，雌性动物成群迁徙，肯定是在年老的“雌性领队”的带领下迁徙的，这头“领队动物”对环境更了解，能带领团队避开危险。故选B。2Why do the majority of mammoth fossils come from male animals?AScientists find it easier to study male fossilized bones.BThere were more male mammoths in comparison to females.CMale mamm

9、oths were better able to adapt to the changing circumstances.DMale mammoths more frequently died in places where fossils could form.答案：D解析：推理判断题。题干问的是为什么大多数的mammoth化石都是雄性的。根据第二段可知雄性常常单独行动，因此使自己陷入困境而丧失生命，它们死的地方常常能够形成化石。故选D。3Which of the following is suggested as a reason for mammoths dying out?AThe i

10、ncreasing competition for food.BThe cooling of the earths temperature.CThe disappearance of male mammoths.DThe risky behaviour of younger mammoths.答案：A解析：推理判断题。题干问的是下列哪一项是文章暗示出的这种动物灭绝的一种原因。根据最后一段 While there is no scientific agreement about the causes of their disappearance from the planet, most bel

11、ieve that climate change, excessive hunting by humans and the spread of other animals into mammoth feeding grounds were influential factors可知，其他动物蔓延到mammoth的觅食地，即抢走mammoth的食物也是这种动物从地球上消失的一个因素；也就是说，对食物竞争的日益激烈是其灭绝的一种原因。故选A。4What is the text type of the passage?AA newspaper article. BAn academic essay.

12、CA historical description. DA science fiction story.答案：A解析：推理判断题。题干问的是本篇文章的语篇类型是什么。根据第一段 Scientists have solved the mystery of.和第五段 The study used genetic data to determine.以及最后一段可以看出，该文揭示了mammoth化石大部分是雄性的原因，所以这是刊登在报纸上的一篇文章。故选A。.完形填空(太原市高三调研)I am an educator born to make a difference. I have spent m

13、y entire life at the _1_. And we know why kids drop out. But one of the things that we never discuss or we _2_ discuss is the value and importance of human _3_.A colleague said to me, “They dont pay me to _4_ the kids. They pay me to teach a _5_.” Well, I said to her, “You know, kids dont learn from

14、 people they dont like.” Some think that you can either have it in you to build a _6_， or you dont. I have had classes that were so _7_ that I cried. I wondered, “How am I going to _8_ this group, in nine months, from where they are to where they need to be? It was difficult, awfully _9_. How do I _

15、10_ the selfesteem (自尊) of a child and his academic achievement at the same time？”One year I _11_ a bright idea. I told my students, “You were _12_ to be in my class because I am the best and you are the best.” One of the students said, “Really？” I said, “Really. We have to show the other classes ho

16、w to do it, so when we walk down the hall, people will _13_ us, so you cant make noise.” And I gave them a saying to say： “I am _14_. I was somebody when I came. Ill be a better somebody when I leave. I _15_ the education that I get here. I have things to do, people to impress, and places to go.”Tea

17、ching and learning should _16_ joy. How _17_ would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a _18_ ? Every child deserves a champion. An educator should be an adult who will never _19_ on them, who understands the power of connection, a

18、nd insists that they become the _20_ that they can possibly be.本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己教学的亲身经历告诉我们教育者应该懂得联系的价值和重要性，对学生不放弃，做最好的自己。1A.school building BcollegeCcommunity center Dprison答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。A.school building教学楼；B.college大学；C.community center社区中心；D.prison监狱。根据I am an educator和why kids drop out.可知作者是教育工

19、作者，所以是一生在学校的教学楼度过，故选A。2A.frequently BpartlyCfinally Drarely答案：D解析：考查副词辨析。A.frequently频繁地；B.partly部分地；C.finally最后；D.rarely很少。句首But意思转折，与or前的we never discuss并列，指我们从未讨论或很少讨论人类关系的价值和重要性。rarely和never意思一致，故选D。3A.relative BconnectionCexperience Dunderstanding答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。A.relative亲戚；B.connection关系；C.expe

20、rience经验；D.understanding理解。根据下文的the selfesteem (自尊) of a child and his academic achievement, Teaching and learning, the power of connection可知是自尊和学业，教和学的这些人类关系。故选B。4A.please BsatisfyClike Dtreat答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.please使高兴；B.satisfy满足；C.like喜欢；D.treat治疗，对待。此处指家长花钱不是让我喜欢他们的孩子，而是花钱让我教他们的孩子课程。故选C。5A.lesson

21、 BjokeCway Dclass答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。A.lesson课；B.joke玩笑；C.way方法；D.class班级。此处指家长花钱让老师教他们的孩子课程，故选A。6A.friendship BbridgeCgap Drelationship答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.friendship友谊；B.bridge桥；C.gap间隙；D.relationship关系。有的认为你有能力建立关系，或者不能。与文中的connection意思一致，故选D。7A.excellent BlowCsad Dadaptable答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.excellent极好的；B.l

22、ow低的；C.sad难过的；D.adaptable适合的。我曾经上过水平很低的课，以至于我都哭了。指讲课水平低，故选B。8A.join BownCtake Dmanage答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。A.join参加；B.own拥有；C.take拿，接受；D.manage管理。此处指我怎样接受这群人，在九个月内改变这些人。指接受学生们，故选C。9A.upset BboringCfrustrated Dhard答案：D解析：考查形容词辨析。A.upset心烦的；B.boring无聊的；C.frustrated失意的；D.hard困难的。与difficult意思一致，指改变他们很难，非常难。故选D。

23、10A.raise BariseCshow Dcontrol答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.raise提高；B.arise出现，上升；C.show显示；D.control控制。此处指怎样同时提高他们的自尊和学业水平，表示提高，故选A。11A.came out Bcame toCcame up with Dcame about答案：C解析：考查动词短语辨析。A.came out结果是；B.came to共计；C.came up with提出；D.came about发生。此处指有一天我提出了一个聪明的想法，come up with idea想出主意，提出想法。故选C。12A.led Bplace

24、dCchosen Dthrown答案：C解析：考查过去分词辨析。A.led领导；B.placed放置；C.chosen选择；D.thrown扔掉。我告诉学生们：“你们被选入我的班级是因为我是最好的，你们也是最好的”。表示选择，故选C。13A.notice BlookCfind Dcall答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。A.notice注意；B.look看；C.find找到；D.call呼叫。我们经过走廊时，人们会注意我们，所以我们不能制造噪音。表示注意，故选A。14A.nothing BsomebodyCanybody Dsomething答案：B解析：考查代词辨析。A.nothing无事；B.s

25、omebody有人；C.anybody任何人；D.something某事。与句中I was somebody when I came. Ill be a better somebody when I leave.两次提到的somebody一致，告诉我们应该是什么样的人。故选B。15A.reserve BexpectCobserve Ddeserve答案：D解析：考查动词辨析。A.reserve预定；B.expect期望；C.observe观察；D.deserve应受。此处指我应该得到这里的教育，表示应受，应得，故选D。16A.catch BbringCexpress Dindicate答案：B

26、解析：考查动词辨析。A.catch赶上；B.bring带来；C.express表达；D.indicate表明。作者认为教和学应该带来快乐，根据句意选B。17A.powerful BmagicalCfearful Dimaginative答案：A解析：考查形容词辨析。A.powerful强大的，强有力的；B.magical有魔力的；C.fearful可怕的；D.imaginative富于想象的。如果我们的孩子不害怕冒险，不害怕思考，世界会多么强大。故选A。18A.prize BsupporterCteacher Dchampion答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。A.prize奖品；B.support

27、er支持者；C.teacher教师；D.champion冠军，战士。此处指孩子们是冠军，描述对象是孩子们，下句Every child deserves a champion.给了提示，故选D。19A.put up BdependCgive up Drefuse答案：C解析：考查动词和动词词组辨析。A.put up建造；B.depend依靠；C.give up放弃；D.refuse拒绝。教育者永远不要对孩子们表示绝望，故选C。20A.bright BbestCconfident Ddetermined答案：B解析：考查形容词辨析。A.bright明亮的；B.best最好的；C.confident

28、自信的；D.determined坚决的。教育者应该坚信他们会成为最好的自己。与上文I am the best呼应，故选B。.语法填空(唐山一中高三模拟)“Be careful, doctor. I can stand anything _1_ pain.” When returning from the hospital, I thought about what my previous patient said. Arent we all like that? Well do anything _2_ (avoid) pain.We look for weight loss programm

29、es _3_ dont require us to count calories or give up our favorite foods, and exercise programmes that wont make us sweat toe much or feel _4_ (tire). We avoid the strict teachers and the tough classes in school _5_ we dont want to deal with the difficult tasks.When it comes right down to it, we dont

30、like the hard work _6_ (require) to accomplish the goals we truly want in our lives. Why cant we _7_ (nature) take the path that we know is best for us? Our earthly nature is to avoid the pain of diet, exercise, difficult classes, and hard work.Only if we change our nature, can we choose the tough,

31、troublesome, and trying pathway. Because it is in _8_ (face) the difficult choices that we will truly grow, and our being will be advanced once we decide to face the tough tasks.We _9_ (give) a choice when we comes across our earthly nature. We can overcome the problems that challenge us or we can e

32、njoy _10_ (we) by avoiding all difficulties in following our earthly nature. Its our choice. My hope is that well step forward in faith.逃避现实的痛苦和不幸，是人类的天性，但人的成长恰恰是要逆着天性，面对痛苦，接受挑战才能有收获。希望我们能坚定地向前迈进。1except/but解析：考查介词。根据句意得知：可以忍受除了疼痛之外的一切事情。用except/but表示“除了，不包括”，故填except/but。2to_avoid解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意得知：

33、做任何事情为了避免痛苦。用不定式表示目的，故填to avoid。3which/that解析：考查关系代词。programmes是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，故填which/that。4tired解析：考查形容词。feel是系动词，它后面用形容词作表语，故填tired。5because/as解析：考查连词。根据句意得知：因为我们不想完成困难的任务，我们不去上难学的课程。表示原因用“因为”，故填because/as。6required解析：考查非谓语动词。dont like是谓语动词，require做work的后置定语，“工作”和“需要”是被动关系，故填required。7naturally解析：

34、考查副词。副词修饰动词，很自然地走这条道路，故填naturally。8facing解析：考查动名词。介词后用动名词形式，故填facing。9will_be_given解析：考查动词时态和语态。主将从现，when引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，主语we和谓语give是被动关系，故填will be given。10ourselves解析：考查代词。根据句意得知：我们也可以通过避免困难来享受快乐。用enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”，故填ourselves。.短文改错(陕西省咸阳市高三质检)Dear Peter，Hows it going? We dont seen ea

35、ch other for months. Im writing to tell you that I am planning to go to Zhejiang University next year.You know, I have been interesting in computer science since my childhood. I have made up my mind to studying computer science in Zhejiang University. Id like to express my sincerely gratitude to you

36、 for your help, with which allowed me to improve my English greatly. Your encouraging word promote my confidence and motivate us to work hard. I hope you have chance to come to China in the future so as we can travel around China together.I look forward to hear from you.Yours，Li Hua答案Dear Peter，Hows

37、 it going? We seen each other for months. Im writing to tell you that I am planning to go to Zhejiang University next year.You know, I have been in computer science since my childhood. I have made up my mind to computer science in Zhejiang University. Id like to express my gratitude to you for your help, which allowed me to improve my English greatly. Your encouraging promote my confidence and motivate to work hard. I hope you have chance to come to China in the future so we can travel around China together.I look forward to from you.Yours，Li Hua