2021版英语全能大一轮复习人教版话题语篇专攻练 三十七　CLONING WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。话题语篇专攻练三十七选修8Unit 2Cloning(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AChina became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday. By December 2017 , the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques(猕猴) nam

2、ed “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transferring of body cellsany cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996. Telra, a monkey born in 1999 , is the worlds first ever-cloned monkey, but it was done usin

3、g a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分裂), and cannot be genetically modified to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate(灵长类)that shares its gen

4、etic makeup, therefore all of its complexity, with humans, he said. For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes, Pu said. By cloning

5、monkey using body cells, we can mass reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs, he added. “This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medic

6、ine. ”Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different. Monkeys and humans

7、are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans. This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to study of primate brains. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类说明文。讲述了中国在克隆技术上取得的成就中国成了第一个使用

8、非生殖细胞克隆猕猴的国家。1. Which description of the two clone macaques is true? A. They were the first monkeys ever-cloned in the world. B. They were created using reproductive cells. C. They would be fed to suit experimental needs. D. The technology used to create them was similar to that of creating Dolly. 【

9、解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996. ”可知, 克隆猕猴使用的技术与著名的克隆羊多利使用的技术是相似的。2. The underlined word in the fourth paragraph is closest to “_ ”in meaning. A. same B. similarC. relevantD. close【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据画线句中提的reproduce以及下文提到的“we can e

10、ven change their genes to suit our needs”可推断, 通过体细胞克隆猴子, 我们可以在很短的时间里克隆大量基因相同的猴子, 甚至改变他们的基因满足我们的要求。因此推断画线词词义与A项“same”相同。3. What can be learned from the passage? A. Pu Muming and Sun Qiang were doing most work in cloning the two macaques. B. Genetic research on monkeys can be seen as effective as that

11、 on humans. C. Most drug trials have been done on mice because mice share the same genetic makeup and complexity with humans. D. Scientists can mass reproduce cloned monkeys to cut down experiment costs. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第一段第一句“Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related a

12、nd testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans. ”可知, 猴子和人都是灵长类, 因此他们关系密切, 因此对于猴子的基因研究与对人类的研究一样有效。4. This passage above can be most probably read in_. A. a science magazineB. a guidebookC. a science fictionD. a brochure【解析】选A。推理判断题。纵观全文可知, 本文主要讲述克隆技术方面的研究成果, 中国成功用非生殖细胞克隆出猕猴

13、。因此推断文章很可能在科学杂志上读到。【知识拓展】长难句分析Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate that shares its genetic makeup, therefore all of its complexity, with humans, he said. 他说, 用体细胞克隆猴子是世界级的挑战, 因为灵长类有共同的基因组合, 因此, 与人类有一样的所有的复杂性。using body cells作方式状语。that shares its

14、genetic makeup是定语从句。【知识拓展】词汇积累nuclear transferring 核移植makeup n. 化妆; 补充; 构成方式; 性格complexity n. 复杂性, 错综复杂的状态; 复杂的事物; 复合物BBritain faces social problems as lots of people are set to lose their jobs in technological revolution, Bank of Englands chief economist warned. Andy Haldane said the so-called Four

15、th Industrial Revolution will make the machine replace humans to do thinking things. The dark side of the change could be a much bigger breakdown of employment than in Victorian times, with professions such as accountancy (会计) among those at risk. A report by the accountancy firm PwC last month warn

16、ed that more than 7 million jobs in Britain had been lost over the next 20 years as technological change sweeps through workplaces. The majority of these are in jobs in the retail, transport and manufacturing industries. However, other traditional professional sectors could also be at serious risk.

17、Economists treat the arrival of increasingly intelligent computers and robots as the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The first was the shift from agricultural to urban societies, the second saw the widespread use of electricity and steel, and the third was the digital revolution when computers, the In

18、ternet and mobile phones were developed. Mr Haldane said the hollowing-out (空洞化) experienced in the past years could be on a greater scale in the future so it is important to learn the lessons of history and ensure that people are given training to take advantage of new opportunities. “Jobs were eff

19、ectively taken by machines of various types, there was a hollowing-out of the jobs market, which left many people for a long period out of work and struggling to make a living, ” Haldane added, “That heightened social and financial tensions, and led to a rise in inequality. This is the dark side of

20、technological revolution. ”“That hollowing-out is going to be potentially on a much greater scale in the future, when we have machines thinking and doing the cognitive and technical skills of humans. ” Mr Haldane said professions like accountancy could be among those hardest hit by the rise of AI. B

21、ut he suggested economists could escape. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述了新技术革命导致了很多人失业。人们应该把握新的机遇去创造更多的就业机会。5. What is the dark side mentioned in the text? A. The hollowing-out has become a major social problem. B. Less and less people have the desire to learn accountancy. C. Intelligent computers and robots decr

22、ease good workers. D. The technological revolution causes people to lose jobs. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段和第七段的描述, 可知新技术革命带来的负面影响是指让很多人们失去了就业的机会。6. Why are economists the lucky dog in the new technological revolution? A. The study about economy is at a low level. B. Economists work on a traditional professio

23、nal job. C. There is no machine that can work as an economist. D. Economists have the chance to avoid technological revolution. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。文章讲了人们之所以会失业, 是因为新技术创造出来的机器会取代人们从事很多方面的工作。然而, 经济学家能够幸免是因为目前还没有一项技术能扮演他们的角色。7. What should be done to deal with the serious situation? A. To call for people to

24、devote more to studying history. B. To teach people to grasp the chances technological revolution brings about. C. To warn people not to work on transport and manufacturing industries. D. To ask workers to develop and think as the intelligent computers and robots do. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第六段中的“so it is im

25、portant to learn the lessons of history and ensure that people are given training to take advantage of new opportunities”, 可知面对着新技术革命, 人们应该学会去把握新的机遇。8. What attitude did Haldane have towards the future employment? A. Positive. B. Hopeful. C. Critical. D. Worried. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章多处提到 Haldane担心新技术革命造成

26、人们失业的现象在未来会越来越严重, 由此可知答案。. 完形填空From a young age, I was taught to be kind to people around. My parents 1 explained to me the importance of giving generously to the less 2. So out of habit, whenever there is something I can 3, I give it to someone on the streets. Last week, as I left the house for wor

27、k, I carried with me some4 clothes, a handbag and some food to hand over to someone 5. As the car stopped at a traffic red light, I saw a girl of five or six asking for6. I 7 her to come to me and quickly 8 all the stuff I had into the handbag. As I started handing it over, she seemed 9. She looked

28、up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked what was in the 10. I told her there were some clothes and food for her. Once again she11 me, “Can you give me some water? ” It was then that I 12 her dry lips. It seemed that she had not had a 13 of water all day. I took out the water bottle that I

29、always carry with me and 14 her to drink from it. She finished it quickly and gave me a heartwarming smile of 15. I was thankful that I could16 what she really wished and realized once again that day that you dont necessarily have to make big 17 to help someone. And this incident, as well as a lot t

30、hat followed, 18 my belief in the simple acts of kindness and how they can make someones day. The next time you want to do something19 for someone, dont hold back, seizing the right 20, or it would be late. Go ahead and do it! 【文章大意】本文作者通过自己的一次亲身经历, 讲述了作者给了一个乞讨的小女孩一杯水喝, 这个小女孩就非常地满足、感激, 说明了这样一个道理: 你不

31、一定非得做出巨大的捐赠来帮助别人, 简单的善意的行为, 同样可以改变他人的一天。下次你想要为别人做一些好事, 不要退缩, 抓住合适的机会, 否则就晚了。1. A. cheerfullyB. particularlyC. confidentlyD. repeatedly【解析】选B。考查副词。我的父母特别(particularly)给我解释慷慨地给予不幸的人(帮助)的重要性。2. A. fortunateB. richC. comfortableD. difficult【解析】选A。less fortunate不太幸运的, 符合语境。3. A. findB. spareC. exchangeD.

32、 abandon【解析】选B。出于习惯, 每当我有空闲的(spare)东西, 我都会给街边的乞丐。4. A. casualB. wornC. oldD. clean【解析】选C。我带着一些旧(old)衣服、手提包和一些食物。5. A. clumsyB. luckyC. lonelyD. needy【解析】选D。去交给贫困的(needy)人。6. A. candyB. troubleC. clothesD. money【解析】选D。我看到一个五六岁的小女孩儿在要钱(money)。7. A. wantedB. orderedC. signaledD. touched【解析】选C。我向她示意(sig

33、nal)来我这边。8. A. threwB. collectedC. draggedD. dropped【解析】选B。并且快速地把这些东西都收到(collect)我的手提袋里。9. A. surprisedB. satisfiedC. panickedD. amused【解析】选A。由She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked what was in the _. 可知这里意思是她看起来很吃惊(surprised)。10. A. pocketB. carC. bagD. hand【解析】选C。她问我这个包(bag)里

34、是什么。11. A. waved atB. nodded atC. shook hands withD. looked up at【解析】选D。由She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face可知这里意思是她再一次抬头看(look up at)着我。12. A. realizedB. noticedC. discoveredD. saw【解析】选B。就在那时, 我注意(notice)到了她干燥的嘴唇。13. A. dropB. bottleC. lotD. cup【解析】选A。看起来她一天没有喝一滴(drop)水。14. A. requir

35、edB. advisedC. helpedD. directed【解析】选C。我拿出我一直携带的水杯, 帮助(help)她喝了一些水。15. A. satisfactionB. communicationC. expectationD. appreciation【解析】选D。她快速地喝完, 并且给了我一个表示感谢(appreciation)的暖心的微笑。16. A. offerB. affordC. understandD. remember【解析】选A。我非常感谢可以提供(offer)给她真正渴望的东西。17. A. differencesB. donationsC. sensesD. ki

36、ndness【解析】选B。我再次明白了, 你不一定非得做出巨大的捐赠(donations)来帮助别人。18. A. changedB. shookC. strengthenedD. destroyed【解析】选C。这件小事加强(strengthen)了我这样的信念, 简单的善意的行为, 同样可以改变他人的一天。19. A. niceB. braveC. bigD. great【解析】选A。下次你想要为别人做一些好(nice)事。20. A. ideaB. powerC. positionD. opportunity【解析】选D。抓住合适的机会(opportunity), 否则就晚了。. 语法填

37、空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One day in 1998, I went to visit my 90-year-old grandma in a nursing home. She had lived there for 15 years. But it was becoming a little bit sad, partly because the place was full of people who 1. _(be) at the last stage of their life. Whats 2. _(bad), it was takin

38、g her longer and longer 3. _(recognize) me. She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party. I was not a big fan of dancing, 4. I was a big fan of grandma, so I accepted her 5. _(invite). During the party, an old lady 6. (sit) next to me chatted with me, saying how much she lo

39、ved music and dancing. Not knowing 7. to say, I stood up and invited her for a dance. I danced with all the ladies, 8. _(particular) with grandma, which was awesome. However, I felt discomfort throughout 9. _ party. I didnt know the reason at that moment. But now, I realize it was my fear of watchin

40、g grandma grow older, my powerlessness to do anything about it and the thought of losing 10. _(she) that made me uncomfortable. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者去养老院看望90岁的奶奶。在那里的一次舞会中, 作者与养老院所有的老奶奶都跳了舞。1. 【解析】 were。分析句子结构可知, 此处为who引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词people; 结合句意可知, 从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。所以填were。2. 【解析】 worse。Whats worse意

41、思是“更糟糕的是”, 相当于副词短语Even worse/Worse still。所以填worse。3. 【解析】 to recognize。句型It takes (took) sb. some time (money) to do sth. 意为“花费某人的时间或金钱做某事”。所以填to recognize。4. 【解析】 but/yet。根据空处前后句子结构可知空处应该填连词; 结合空前的“not a big fan of dancing”和空后的“a big fan of grandma”可知, 空处前后有转折含义, 所以填but/yet。5. 【解析】 invitation。根据空前的

42、“accepted her”可知, 空处应该是名词作宾语, 意思是“接受她的邀请”, 所以填invitation。6. 【解析】 sitting。从句子结构可知, 空处是非谓语动词作后置定语, 且主语an old lady与动词sit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。所以填sitting。7. 【解析】 what。根据“疑问代词+不定式”结构及空前的“knowing”可知, 空处应该填疑问代词, 意思为“不知道说什么”, 所以填what。8. 【解析】 particularly。空后是介词短语“with grandma”, 介词短语只能用副词修饰。所以填particularly。9. 【解析】 the。根据句意可知, 此处的party特指上文中的“a dance party”, 所以填the。10. 【解析】 her。根据空前的“losing”且结合句意可知, 空处应该填人称代词she的宾格her。关闭Word文档返回原板块