2022届辽宁省大连市高三下学期第四次模拟考试英语试卷.docx

1、高三英语考试注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡，上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完

2、每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例: How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.B. 9. 18.C. 9.15.答案是C。1. What is the man most satisfied with about the shirt?A. The design.B. The color.C. The material.2. What does the woman want to do?A. Buy several books. B. Go to New York.C. Post some books.3. How long h

3、as Harry kept the book?A. For one week.B. For two weeks.C. For three weeks.4. Which character is the womans favorite in Friends?A. Phoebe.B. Monica.C. Joey. 5. Who will go to the art exhibition with the man?A. His grandparents. B. The woman.C. David.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题

4、，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What can we say about the man?A. He went to bed late.B. He was late for work.C. His alarm was broken.7. What does the woman think about the man?A. He often makes excuses.B. He always works

5、 hard.C. He sleeps too much.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What lesson does the man teach in the morning?A. Australian history. B. English grammar. C. English history.9. Why does the woman ask the man for help?A. She is ill.B. She is busy.C. She is a new teacher.10. What is the man going to do this afternoon?A.

6、 Take the woman to the hospital.B. Help the woman repair her watch.C. Take over the class for the woman.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. How many people live in the red house?A. Three.B. Four.C. Five.12. When do the whole family walk the dog?A. On Friday.B. On Saturday.C. On Sunday.13. What housework does Peter

7、 do?A. He does the laundry. B. He cooks food.C. He sweeps the floor.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。14. What is the girl trying to persuade the boy to do?A. Write a play.B. Adapt a play.C. Act in a play.15. Which role does the boy choose?A. The hero.B. Belles father.C. A person in the crowd.16. What makes the boy

8、accept the girl s invitation?A. He has acted in plays before.B. He wants to make new friends.C. He has no excuse to refuse the girl.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17. Where do the tourists probably start from?A. New York.B. London.C. Paris.18. What star do the hotels chosen for the tourists?A. Three-star.B. Four

9、-star.C. Five-star.19. What will the tourists do at the airport?A. Have breakfast.B. Do some shopping. C. Meet the travel agent.20. What does the speaker remind the tourists to do at the end?A. Be always on time.B. Make a plan in their spare time.C. Stay in the hotel without the agent.第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分

10、50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFollow this four-day route, and youll lose yourself in the wizarding world of Harry Potter.Day 1 Overview EdinburghIt was in Scotlands capital city that J. K. Rowling started to plot the adventures of Harry and his pals. With stoned stre

11、ets, winding alleys and medieval(中世纪的) architecture, the city certainly has a few things in common with the settings from the books and films. She wrote the early chapters in various cafes around the citys Old Towns. Day 2 Overview travel to Fort WilliamTravel by train from Edinburgh to Glasgow. Fro

12、m there, you can take the West Highland Line to Fort William. This is a great way to see some famous spots from the window, including the mysterious Rannoch Moor, the place where Death Eaters board the train in the movie Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows.Day 3 Overview all aboard the Hogwarts Exp

13、ressWitness the sweeping cinematic scenery of the movie Harry Potter by booking a seat on the Jacobite Steam Train. Stop for lunch in Mallaig and then make the return journey to Fort William. Please be sure to book the steam train in advance, as it is very popular. By the way, it runs seasonally.Day

14、4 Overview lakes and glens(峡谷)In the films, mysterious, misty landscapes frame the background of Harrys tale, so its no surprise that the film producers chose the Highlands for many scenes. Spend a day wandering through some of these beautiful spots and feel the magical atmosphere.1Where did J. K. R

15、owling create Harry Potter at first?AIn Edinburgh.BIn Mallaig.CIn Glasgow.DIn Fort William.2What should you pay attention to if taking the Jacobite Steam Train?AReviewing the movie.BBooking tickets in advance.CBringing lunch ahead of time.DBuying one-way ticket specially.3In which section of a newsp

16、aper will you read the text?ACurrent Affairs.BTechnology.CTours.DBiography.BFor his 86th birthday, Cheng Xiangwen enjoyed a corn-shaped cake his colleagues had prepared for him. “My birthday wish is to develop better corn varieties,” he says. After the celebration, he began another journey to Sanya,

17、 in South Chinas Hainan Province, where he has worked most of his life. Cheng is a scientist in agriculture and spends most of his life studying and cultivating (栽培) corn. He visits Sanya in November every year and stays there for six months to cultivate corn.Once, when he was conducting a field sur

18、vey, a female farmer said to him in tears, “You graduated from college. Could you please find a way to increase the corn output here? If the yields (产量) are higher, our children will no longer suffer from hunger.” Since then, Cheng has made developing high-yield corn varieties his lifes mission.In 1

19、964, he came to Hainan, where it was warmer, and started his work there. He greatly shortened the cultivation period and created hybrid corn varieties for the first time. With these new varieties, farmers in Xunxian County saw their average corn output was more than 3,750 kg per hectare per year.Des

20、pite the beautiful coastline, the environment where Cheng works used to be troubled by poverty and poor traffic. Locals once described the area as having a large number of rats, mosquitoes, and poisonous snakes. At that time, he did everything on his own. He lived in a local villagers house and he f

21、requently went to the mountains to chop firewood to cook. His hard work, however, has paid off. Now, authorities have approved 14 new, high-yield corn varieties Cheng helped develop.Cheng is dedicated to developing high-yield corn varieties with stronger resistance and they are easier to harvest wit

22、h machines. He still goes to the fields each day and observes and records the corn plants. “Cultivating seeds is like raising kids. Only by careful parenting can you become familiar with their strengths and weaknesses and help them to grow up healthily,” he says.4What can we infer about Cheng accord

23、ing to paragraph 1?AHe was born in Hainan Province.BHe works in Sanya for less than half a year.CHe rested for a long time after his birthday.DHe wants to develop higher-yield corn varieties.5In which paragraph can we know the cause of Chengs lifes mission?AParagraph 1.BParagraph 2.CParagraph 3.DPar

24、agraph 4.6What kind of difficulty did Cheng meet with in Hainan?AUnbearable hot weather.BBuilding a house without help.CLiving on poisonous creatures.DThe terrible living conditions and surroundings.7Which of the following can best describe Cheng?AHard-working and determined.BCalm and caring.CFair a

25、nd sympathetic.DKind and generous.CWhen a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out. They tied up their bikes and outdoor benches, and checked in with neighbors to ensure everyone had enough food and water a

26、s their neighborhood slid up and down its steel foundational pillars (支柱), rising along with the water and going back to its original position after the rain stopped.“We feel safer in storm because we are floating,” says Siti Boelen, a Dutch television producer who moved into Schoonschip two years a

27、go. As sea levels rise and supercharged storms cause waters to rise, floating neighborhoods offer an experiment in flood defense that could allow coastal communities to better fight against climate change.A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by re

28、maining on the top of the waters surface. Unlike houseboats, which can easily be moved and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid. They are structurally similar to houses built on land, but instead of a basement, the

29、y have a concrete hull (船体) that acts as a counterbalance, allowing them to remain stable in the water.Severe wind and rain, or even the passing of large cruise ships, can make the buildings rock. Siti Boelen, the Schoonschip resident, says that when she first moved in, stormy weather made her think

30、 twice. “You feel it in your stomach,” she says, adding that she has gotten used to the feeling. Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system.But the benefits may outweigh the costs. “If there are floods, its expected that many people

31、will move to higher ground. But the alternative is to stay close to coastal cities and explore expansion onto the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. “If you consider that in the second half of the century, hundreds of millions of people will be displaced by sea level rise, we need to start now to increas

32、e the scale of floating developments.”8What did local residents think when a heavy storm hit?AThey could get through it.BThey could control the flood.CThey could get some bikes after it.DThey could gain enough food in it.9What can we know about Siti Boelen?AShe has a sense of security in a storm.BSh

33、e gets along well with her neighbors.CShe has produced TV sets used in the storm.DShe makes contributions to defending against flood.10How does the author describe the floating houses in paragraph 3?ABy listing figures.BBy giving examples.CBy analyzing reasons.DBy making comparisons.11Whats the four

34、th paragraph mainly about?AThe impacts of stormy weather.BThe significance of thinking twice.CThe higher costs of building houses.DThe challenges faced by floating houses.DWith the help of new devices on mice, scientists are using light to switch nerve cells on and off in mices brains to explore the

35、 animals social behavior, a new study shows.The new devices rely on optogenetics(光遗传学), a technique in which researchers use bursts of light to stimulate or control the brain nerve cells, often using tailored viruses to genetically correct cells so they respond to light. Scientists have applied opto

36、genetics to explore neural(神经的) circuits in mice and other lab animals to come to a conclusion on how they might work in humans. Optogenetic devices often feed light to neurons via fiber-optic cables, but such things can influence natural behaviors and social interactions. While scientists recently

37、developed implantable(可植入的) wireless optogenetic devices, these depend on relatively simple remote controls or limited sets of preprogrammed instructions.These new fully implantable optogenetic devices can enable more complex research. Specifically, the researchers can adjust each devices programmin

38、g during the course of experiment. “So you can target what an animal does in a much more complex way,” says Genia Kozorovitskiy, a researcher at Northwestern University.These devices are battery-free, wirelessly powered by the same high-frequency radio waves used to remotely control the intensity, d

39、uration and timing of the light pulses. The devices also allow scientists to control four different neural circuits in an animal simultaneously, thanks to LEDs that give out four colorsblue, green, yellow and redinstead of just one.The widely available wireless technology used in this work, the same

40、 now used in contactless payment with credit cards, could allow broad adoption across the neuroscience community “without extensive specialized hardware”, says Philipp Gutruf at the University of Arizona. “That means that we might see these devices in many labs in the near future, enabling new disco

41、veries.”12Whats scientists purpose of using optogenetics?ATo control humans brain nerve cells.BTo account for humans social interactions.CTo figure out how neural circuits affect humans.DTo correct tailored viruses entering the human bodies.13What does the underlined word “simultaneously” in paragra

42、ph 4 mean?AOnce in a while.BAt the same time.CBy ones and twos.DOn a regular basis.14What can we infer from Philipp Gutrufs words?AThe function of wireless technology.BThe promising future of the devices.CThe novel application of the devices.DThe development of wireless technology.15Which can be the

43、 best title for the text?AScientists Can Kill Mice with LightBScientists Control Humans Social InteractionsCScientists Control Social Behavior of Mice with New DevicesDScientists Can Record Human Neural Circuits with New Devices第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Youd

44、like to exercise more, only to find that you dont have the time, cant afford expensive lessons or concern about injuries on your body. _16_ With walking, however, you can fully enjoy yourself in multiple ways.You can get “me” time Heading out by yourself can be a good way to escape the demands and e

45、xpectations that occupy much of your time. As you walk, you can clear your head, relax, and reflect. _17_You can do it with others. _18_ Its a great way to catch up or get to know someone better. And if you need to have a tough conversation with someone, try doing it while walking. Striding(跨步) side

46、 by side can make discussions easier because youre more relaxed than when youre sitting face to face.You can enjoy the gift of nature. _19_ Walking is a great way to get out in nature.You can gain a new viewpoint. The world is different when you view it at 3 mph instead of 25 or 30 mph. You might di

47、scover an interesting shop, observe complex architecture, or meet a friendly person._20_ Stanford University researchers found that people generated twice as many creative responses to problems when walking compared with sitting.AYou can do it anywhere.BYou can be more creative.CFor some people, exe

48、rcise feels like hard labor.DPeople walk less if they live near parks or paths.EIt can be valuable, allowing you to return refreshed.FInvite family, friends, or co-workers to join you for a walk.GSpending time in parks or near water can improve your mood.第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下

49、面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I have been helping my wife through some difficult medical procedures. After my wifes 6-hour surgery, _21_ her in so much discomfort, pain, and suffering, I couldnt express my _22_ beyond words to the point. I _23_ wanted to be able to share some of her pain.Duri

50、ng the first 3 days, after knowing that her _24_ didnt allow her to eat a single morsel (块) of food, it really _25_ me just how long we can go without food and not damage our health. I decide to give her some _26_ support by not eating for 3 days. Not that she said one word of _27_ in that time but

51、that I knew it would _28_ us to be in this together. To be honest, I did _29_ one small salad every day. I had to take care of myself, so that I could continue to have _30_ to be there for her.The best is that Ive realized what we really can do for each other. The _31_ I can take on for my wife has

52、made me _32_ how much we could take on for ourselves. We _33_ to avid pain, discomfort and difficult situations even when we know it would be better for us to go through the hard times. If we will go through so much because of our love for another person, couldnt we do this for the _34_ of ourselves

53、?The next time you _35_ to take on a big challenge, do love yourself enough to do this to make your life better.21AblamingBobservingCmissingDdebating22AsympathyBproposalCdemandDdream23AeventuallyBtemporarilyCdesperatelyDthankfully24AproblemBcomfortCfitnessDcondition25AhitBputCthrewDdisturbed26Aordin

54、aryBgreatCspiritualDdevoted27AtroubleBcomplaintCunderstandingDmeaning28AforbidBtroubleChelpDpersuade29AgetBhaveCownDabandon30AstrengthBadvantageCforceDlight31AdifficultyBeventCsufferingDload32Atake awayBthink aboutCleave outDbreak up33AplanBfearCfailDtend34AloveBbenefitCruleDcourage35AwantBpreferChe

55、sitateDrequest第二节(共10小题;每小题 1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ayo deji Ajibola started to train as a lawyer, graduating from the Nigerian Law School. She then decided _36_(pursue) a career in Human Resources (HR), _37_(gain) a masters degree from the London School of Economics & Political S

56、cience.She started her HR career in Phillips Consulting before progressing to a role in the Human Capital Management Group, one of the _38_(large) energy solutions providers in Africa at that time. From there, she spent five years in GE, _39_(initial) as GEs first employee services leader in Nigeria

57、 and then as the HR compliance and localisation manager for Sub-Saharan Africa before joining Microsoft. She left Microsoft as _40_ HR leader in Middle East and Africas Multi-Country Cluster. In this role, she worked across 19 diverse _41_(country).Deji joined Guinness Nigeria in April 2020 with a l

58、ot of experience across several industries and Global companies. Her career has shown her to be a strong partner and _42_(trust) advisor of other leaders, _43_ champions the development of talent, a strong advocate for Inclusion and Diversity and the principle of “bringing your whole self to work”.I

59、n an interview with TOBI AWODIPE, she _44_(talk) about how Guinness Nigeria was driving diversity _45_ gender equality.第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46假定你是李华，你校将在下周五下午举行京剧文艺汇演活动，并进行网络直播。请给你的美国朋友Jim发一封邮件，内容包括：1. 活动目的；2. 活动安排；3. 邀请观看。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。3. 参考词汇：The Ruse of the Empty Ci

60、ty空城计；The Drunken Beauty贵妃醉酒Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua第二节(满分 25分)47阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Wed stopped to get coffee at a faraway lights-and-laughter filled cafe somewhere over the bridge. Behind the counter was a young woman with a ready-steady kind of warmth that spilled over into the ord

61、ers she took.When she looked up over a chocolate croissant(羊角面包) at us, her smile deepened, “You two are so cute together!” she shouted happily. My husband told her it was our first anniversary.She wanted to give us something then, “I wish youd told me earlier, and I wouldnt have charged you! Can I

62、offer you a piece of cake on the house?” We refused the free cake, saying that the interaction was a good gift. She told us, “I wish my elder brother were so thoughtful. I dont know whether hell give me a gift. Its my birthday on the 25th and Im really not sure hell remember it, especially since the

63、res some championship finals on the same day.” There was a simplicity and frankness to her sharing that both touched and surprised us. I think what really moved us was her genuine and selfless delight at seeing two happy-to-be-together people. We picked up our coffee and croissant and sat down at a

64、small table in the back to start our next smile secret plan.The young womans name, which we got from another waitress, was Brianna. We were not going to let Briannas birthday pass by unnoticed.On her birthday we made the considerable trip back to the cafe with a little gift bag that held a beautiful

65、ly wrapped forest green box. Inside it was a small stone plaque(牌匾) with this message: Wherever You Go, Go With All Your Heart. We wrote out a small card with it, wishing her a happy birthday and thanking her for the warmth and joyousness she brought to her work. We signed it as Two Travellers, and

66、put a smile card underneath the ribbon around the box. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。We got to the cafe an hour before Brianna was scheduled to arrive. _Brianna stood there, tears filling her eyes. _1A2B3C【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了哈利波特系列电影的经典拍摄地的四天之旅。1细节理解题。根据Day1 Overview Edinburgh部分“It was in Sco

67、tlands capital city that J. K. Rowling started to plot the adventures of Harry and his pals.”(就是在苏格兰的首都J. K.罗琳，开始构思哈利和他的伙伴们的冒险故事)可知，J. K. Rowling最初是在爱丁堡创作的哈利波特。故选A。2细节理解题。根据Day3 Overview all aboard the Hogwarts Express部分“Please be sure to book the steam train in advance, as it is very popular.”(请务必提

68、前预定蒸汽火车，因为它很受欢迎)可知，乘坐Jacobite蒸汽火车务必提前订票。故选B。3推理判断题。根据第一段“Follow this four-day route, and youll lose yourself in the wizarding world of Harry Potter.”(沿着这条四天的路线，你会迷失在哈利波特的魔法世界中)可知，本文主要介绍了一条为期四天的旅游线路，所以本文可能来自报纸的旅游版块。故选C。4D5B6D7A【导语】本文是记叙文。农业科学家程相文用毕生的精力培育出杂交玉米，并且研发出14种高产的玉米新品种。4推理判断题。根据第一段“My birthday

69、 wish is to develop better corn varieties,” he says. (“我的生日愿望是培育出更好的玉米品种，”他表示)”可知，程相文想要培育出高产的玉米品种。故选D。5细节理解题。根据第二段“Once, when he was conducting a field survey, a female farmer said to him in tears, “You graduated from college. Could you please find a way to increase the corn output here? If the yiel

70、ds (产量) are higher, our children will no longer suffer from hunger.” Since then, Cheng has made developing high-yield corn varieties his lifes mission. (有一次，他正在进行田野调查，一个女农民含泪对他说，“你大学毕业了。你能想办法增加玉米产量吗？如果产量更高，我们的孩子将不再挨饿。”从那时起，程相文把开发高产玉米品种作为他一生的使命)”可知，在程相文做实地调查时，一位农民的诉求让他从那时起把培育高产玉米品种当成毕生的事业。故选B。6细节理解题。

71、根据第四段“Despite the beautiful coastline, the environment where Cheng works used to be troubled by poverty and poor traffic. Locals once described the area as having a large number of rats, mosquitoes, and poisonous snakes. At that time, he did everything on his own. He lived in a local villagers house

72、 and he frequently went to the mountains to chop firewood to cook. (尽管有美丽的海岸线，程工作的环境曾经受到贫穷和交通不便的困扰。当地人曾经形容这个地区有大量的老鼠、蚊子和毒蛇。那时候，他什么都是自己做的。他住在当地村民家里，经常到山上砍柴烧饭)”可知，程相文当时在海南的生活环境和生活条件很差。故选D。7推理判断题。根据第四段“Despite the beautiful coastline, the environment where Cheng works used to be troubled by poverty and

73、 poor traffic. Locals once described the area as having a large number of rats, mosquitoes, and poisonous snakes. At that time, he did everything on his own. He lived in a local villagers house and he frequently went to the mountains to chop firewood to cook. His hard work, however, has paid off. (尽

74、管有美丽的海岸线，程工作的环境曾经受到贫穷和交通不便的困扰。当地人曾经形容这个地区有大量的老鼠、蚊子和毒蛇。那时候，他什么都是自己做的。他住在当地村民家里，经常到山上砍柴烧饭。然而，他的努力终于有了回报)”和最后一段“Cheng is dedicated to developing high-yield corn varieties with stronger resistance and they are easier to harvest with machines. He still goes to the fields each day and observes and records

75、 the corn plants. (程致力于开发抗性强、易于机器收割的高产玉米品种。他仍然每天去田里，观察和记录玉米)”可知，程相文是一位认真敬业、不畏艰难且意志坚定的科学家。故选A。8A9A10D11D【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个对抗暴风雨的新方法漂浮房屋。8细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“When a heavy storm hit, residents of the floating community of Schoonschip in Amsterdam had little doubt about whether they could ride it out.(当一场猛烈的

76、风暴来袭时，阿姆斯特丹Schoonschip水上社区的居民毫不怀疑他们是否能安然度过。)”可知，当暴雨来袭时，当地居民认为他们可以安然度过，故选A。9细节理解题。根据第二段的“We feel safer in storm because we are floating(我们在风暴中感觉更安全)”可知，Siti Boelen在暴风雨中有安全感。故选A。10推理判断题。根据第三段的“A floating house can be constructed on any shoreline and is able to deal with rising seas by remaining on the

77、 top of the waters surface. Unlike houseboats, which can easily be moved and relocated, floating homes are fixed to the shore and are usually connected to the local sewer (污水管道) system and power grid.(漂浮的房子可以建在任何海岸线上，并且能够通过保持在水面的顶部来应对海平面的上升。与可以轻松移动和重新安置的船屋不同，浮动房屋固定在海岸上，通常与当地的下水道系统和电网相连。)”可知，本段比较了漂浮房

78、屋与供居住的船。故选D。11主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Severe wind and rain, or even the passing of large cruise ships, can make the buildings rock.(剧烈的风雨，甚至大型游轮的驶过，都能使建筑物摇晃。)”和“Floating homes also require extra infrastructure and work to connect to the electricity grid and sewer system.(漂浮房屋还需要额外的基础设施和工作来连接电网和下水道系统。)”可知，第四段主要

79、是关于漂浮房屋面临的挑战。故选D。12C13B14B15C【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述科学家研发了一种新型装置，它可以远程控制老鼠的社会行为。12细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have applied optogenetics to explore neural(神经的) circuits in mice and other lab animals to come to a conclusion on how they might work in humans.”(科学家已经应用光遗传学来探索老鼠和其他实验室动物的神经回路，从而得出它们可能在人类身上起作用的结论。)可知，

80、科学家使用光遗传技术是为了弄清楚神经回路是如何影响人类的。故选C。13词句猜测题。根据第四段“The devices also allow scientists to control four different neural circuits in an animal simultaneously, thanks to LEDs that give out four colorsblue, green, yellow and redinstead of just one.”(这种设备还可以让科学家simultaneously控制动物的四个不同的神经回路，这要归功于发光二极管，它可以发出四种颜

81、色蓝色、绿色、黄色和红色而不是一种颜色。)可知，simultaneously是副词，描述这些装置还能让科学家控制动物的四个不同神经回路。根据发光二极管可以发出四种颜色可知，这四个不同神经回路是同时被控制的，所以simultaneously意为“同时地”和B选项意思一致。故选B。14推理判断题。根据最后一段“without extensive specialized hardware, says Philipp Gutruf at the University of Arizona. That means that we might see these devices in many labs

82、in the near future, enabling new discoveries.”(亚利桑那大学的菲利普古特鲁夫说，“没有广泛的专业硬件。这意味着我们可能在不久的将来，在许多实验室看到这些设备，从而有新的发现。”)可知，Philipp Gutruf说的话告诉了我们这种新型装置的发展前景。故选B。15主旨大意题。根据第一段“With the help of new devices on mice, scientists are using light to switch nerve cells on and off in mices brains to explore the anim

83、als social behavior, a new study shows.”(一项新的研究表明，在老鼠身上的新装置的帮助下，科学家们正在利用光来开关老鼠大脑中的神经细胞，以探索老鼠的社会行为。)可知，本文讲述科学家研发了一种新型装置，它可以远程控制老鼠的社会行为，C项“科学家们用新的设备来控制老鼠的社会行为”为最佳标题。故选C。16C17E18F19G20B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了散步给人带来的好处。16根据上文“Youd like to exercise more, only to find that you dont have the time, cant afford

84、 expensive lessons or concern about injuries on your body. (你想多锻炼，却发现没有时间，负担不起昂贵的课程或担心身体受伤。)”可知，这里继续陈述锻炼的困难。C项“For some people, exercise feels like hard labor. (对一些人来说，锻炼就像是苦工一样。)”符合语境。故选C。17根据上文“As you walk, you can clear your head, relax, and reflect.(在你散步时，你可以让头脑清醒、放松和反思。)”可知，这里陈述散步的好处。E项“It can

85、be valuable, allowing you to return refreshed. (它可能是有价值的，让你重新振作起来。)”符合语境。故选E。18根据上文“You can do it with others. (你可以与他人一起散步。)”可知，本段介绍可以邀请他人一起散步。F项“Invite family, friends, or co-workers to join you for a walk. (邀请家人、朋友或同事和你一起散步。)”符合语境。故选F。19根据上文“You can enjoy the gift of nature. (你可以享受大自然的礼物。)”及下文“Wal

86、king is a great way to get out in nature.(散步是亲近大自然的一种好方法。)”可知，公园或水边是亲近大自然最好的地方。G项“Spending time in parks or near water can improve your mood. (花时间在公园或水边可以改善你的心情。)”符合语境。故选G。20根据下文“Stanford University researchers found that people generated twice as many creative responses to problems when walking com

87、pared with sitting.(斯坦福大学的研究人员发现，人们在走路时对问题产生的创造性反应是坐着时的两倍。)”可知，走路时的创造力更佳。B项“You can be more creative. (你可以更有创造力。)”符合语境。B项和下文都出现了creative。故选B。21B22A23C24D25A26C27B28C29B30A31C32B33D34A35C【导语】本文是记叙文。在帮助妻子渡过术后的不适和痛苦时，我选择与她一起分担痛苦。这让我认识到我们可以因为爱为身边的人做出努力。我们应该为了让我们自己将来生活得更好去接受挑战。21考查动词词义辨析。在我妻子6个小时的手术后，我观察

88、到她如此不适、疼痛和痛苦，我无法用言语表达我的同情。A.blaming责备；B. observing观察；C. missing错过；D. debating辩论。根据后文“her in so much discomfort, pain, and suffering”可知作者观察到了妻子手术后的痛苦，故选B。22考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我妻子6个小时的手术后，我观察到她如此不适、疼痛和痛苦，我无法用言语表达我的同情。A. sympathy同情；B. proposal提议；C. demand要求；D. dream梦想。根据常识和结合语境可知，看到妻子如此痛苦，作者自然是充满同情，但无法表达出。故选

89、A。23考查副词词义辨析。句意：我非常想分担她的痛苦。A. eventually终于；B. temporarily暂时地；C. desperately非常；D. thankfully感谢地。根据后文“wanted to be able to share some of her pain”可知，作者非常想分担她的痛苦。故选C。24考查名词词义辨析。句意：在术后的前三天，知道她的身体状况不允许她进食，这让我突然想到，我们能坚持多久不进食而不损害我们的健康。A. problem问题；B. comfort安慰；C. fitness健康；D. condition条件，健康状况。根据后文“didnt al

90、low her to eat a single morsel of food”可知，妻子的健康状况不允许她进食。故选D。25考查动词词义辨析。句意：在术后的前三天，知道她的身体状况不允许她进食，这让我突然想到，我们能坚持多久不进食而不损害我们的健康。A. hit打击；B. put放；C. threw扔；D. disturbed打扰。根据后文“me just how long we can go without food and not damage our health”可知，作者突然想到了，我们可以坚持多久不进食，hit意为“使突然想起”。故选A。26考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我决定给她一些

91、精神上的支持，三天不吃东西。A. ordinary普通的；B. great极好的；C. spiritual精神的；D. devoted奉献的。根据后文“support by not eating for 3 days”可知，作者决定给她精神上的支持，也三天不吃东西。故选C。27考查名词词义辨析。句意：并不是因为妻子说过抱怨的话，而是我知道这会帮助我们一起度过。A. trouble麻烦；B. complaint投诉，抱怨；C. understanding理解；D. meaning意思。根据上文“Not that she said one word of”以及妻子当时状况不好，所以是抱怨的话。故选

92、B。28考查动词词义辨析。句意：并不是因为妻子说过抱怨的话，而是我知道这会帮助我们一起度过。A. forbid禁止；B. trouble麻烦；C. help帮助；D. persuade说服。根据后文“us to be in this together”可知作者认为这一举动可以帮助他们一起度过难关。故选C。29考查动词词义辨析。句意：老实说，我确实每天吃一个小沙拉。A. get得到；B. have有；C. own拥有；D. abandon抛弃。根据后文“one small salad”指进食沙拉应用have。故选B。30考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须照顾好自己，这样我才能继续有力量陪伴她。A.

93、strength力量；B. advantage优势；C. force武力；D. light灯光。根据上文“I had to take care of myself, so that I could continue to have”可知，作者吃东西是因为必须照顾好自己，这样才能继续有力量陪伴她。故选A。31考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能为我妻子承受的痛苦让我想到我们能为自己承受多少。A. difficulty困难；B. event事件；C. suffering苦难；D. load负载。呼应上文“her in so much discomfort, pain, and suffering”指为妻子

94、承受痛苦。故选C。32考查动词短语辨析。句意：我能为我妻子承受的痛苦让我想到我们能为自己承受多少。A. take away拿走；B. think about考虑；C. leave out忽略；D. break up分手。根据后文“how much we could take on for ourselves”可知，与妻子分担痛苦让作者开始思考我们能为自己做多少。故选B。33考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们倾向于避免痛苦、不适和困难的处境，即使我们知道度过困难时期对我们来说更好。A. plan计划；B. fear恐惧；C. fail失败；D. tend趋向于。根据后文“to avid pain”可知

95、人们都趋向于避免痛苦，tend to do sth.“倾向于做某事”。故选D。34考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们会因为对另一个人的爱而经历这么多，难道我们不能为了对自己的爱而这样做吗？A. love爱；B. benefit益处；C. rule规则；D. courage勇气。对应上文“because of our love for another person”指如果我们出于爱而为了另一个人经受那么多，我们难道不能因为爱我们自己而这样做吗？故选A。35考查动词词义辨析。句意：下次当你犹豫要不要接受一个大挑战时，你一定要用对自己足够的爱去接受挑战，让你的生活更美好。A. want想要；B. pr

96、efer更喜欢；C. hesitate犹豫；D. request要求。结合后文“do love yourself enough to do this to make your life better”可知，作者认为要接受挑战，可见本空是在说明犹豫接受挑战。故选C。36to pursue37gaining38largest39initially40an41countries42trusted43who44talked45and【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述Ayo deji Ajibola的职业生涯。36考查动词不定式。句意：Ayo deji Ajibola开始接受律师培训，从尼日利亚法学院毕

97、业，然后她决定从事人力资源方面的工作，获得伦敦政治经济学院的硕士学位。decide后跟不定式作宾语，decide to do，表示“决定做某事”的意思。故填to pursue。37考查现在分词。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，gain与其逻辑主语She是主谓关系，所以要用现在分词，表示主动，现在分词作结果状语表示意料之中的结果。故填gaining。38考查形容词。句意：她在菲利普斯咨询公司开始了她的人力资源职业生涯，后来进入人力资本管理小组，当时是非洲最大能源解决方案供应商之一。根据设空处前的one of the可知，此处要用形容词最高级。one of the+形

98、容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最之一”。故填largest。39考查副词。句意：从那以后，她在通用电气工作了五年，最初是通用电气在尼日利亚的第一个员工服务领导，后来在加入微软之前，她担任撒哈拉以南非洲的人力资源合规和本地化经理。分析句子结构可知，这里修饰句子，作状语，所以需要用副词。故填initially。40考查冠词。句意：她离开微软，作为中东和非洲多国集群的人力资源主管。leader是可数名词单数形式，这里表示泛指“一个”的意思，且HR是以元音音素开头，所以此处填an。故填an。41考查名词。句意：在这个角色中，她跨越了19个不同的国家。根据此空前的19可知，此处需要填名词的复数形式。故填c

99、ountries。42考查过去分词。句意：她的职业生涯表明，她是其他领导人的强有力的合作伙伴和值得信赖的顾问，他们支持人才的发展，强烈倡导包容性和多样性，以及“全身心投入工作”的原则。设空处作定语修饰名词，且与被修饰的名词是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填trusted。43考查定语从句。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是a strong partner and 7(trust) advisor of other leaders，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。44考查时态。句意：在接受TOBI AWODIPE的采访时，她谈到了吉尼斯尼日利亚是如何推动

100、多样性和性别平等的。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语。根据句首的In an interview with TOBI AWODIPE和后面的动词形式可知，本句描述过去的事，所以要用一般过去时。故填talked。45考查连词。句意：见第9题详解。根据句意可知，diversity和gender equality是并列的名词，所以此处要填and，表示“和”的意思。故填and。46Dear Jim,How is everything going? Glad to tell you that therell be a performance to be held in our school hall nex

101、t Friday, whose theme is Peking Opera.The performance is scheduled to take place from 14:00 to 17:00, accompanying live broadcast on the Internet at the same time. The activity is aimed to show the students positive spirits and their passion for Chinese traditional culture. Therell be various fully

102、prepared programs, including The Ruse of the Empty City, The Drunken Beauty, instrument playing and so on.I do expect you can join us online and share the happiness with us.Yours,Li Hua【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Jim发一封邮件，邀请他一起观看学校下周五下午举行的京剧文艺汇演活动的网络直播。【详解】1.词汇积累高兴：gladhappy举办：holdthrow主题：themetopic各种各样的：va

103、riousvarieties of2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Therell be various fully prepared programs, including The Ruse of the Empty City, The Drunken Beauty, instrument playing and so on.拓展句：Therell be various fully prepared programs, which include The Ruse of the Empty City, The Drunken Beauty, instrument playing and so

104、on.【点睛】【高分句型1】Glad to tell you that therell be a performance to be held in our school hall next Friday, whose theme is Peking Opera.（由that引导的宾语从句和whose引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】I do expect you can join us online and share the happiness with us.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句）47We got to the cafe an hour before Brianna w

105、as scheduled to arrive. We spotted a friendly waiter whom we met last time at the very cafe. Learning that we wanted to give Brianna a birthday surprise, he was more than happy to be our partner in smiles. He found some colourful balloons as well as a bunch of fresh flowers, with which we decorated

106、the counter and the doorway. We had just done all the work when Brianna came into sight. Gathering at the door, we greeted her with our smiles and the gift I had prepared before.Brianna stood there, tears filling her eyes. When I handed the gift to her, she could not help bursting out, “This is the

107、best birthday surprise I have ever received! You all make my day!” she cried, hugging me tightly. I never thought that my little act of kindness should light her up greatly, which, indeed, encouraged me to carry on spreading kindness under any circumstance. Kindness and love make us all together, no

108、 matter who we are.【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要描述作者和丈夫一周年结婚纪念日旅行时，碰到了一位热心的服务员，并帮助她过了25岁生日。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“我们在Brianna预定到达前一小时到了咖啡馆。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们为给Brianna过生日提前做的准备。由第二段首句内容“Brianna站在那里，眼里充满了泪水”可知，第二段可描写Brianna得知作者他们给她做的生日准备之后的反应。2.续写线索：碰到另一位服务员帮忙布置迎接BriannaBrianna感动送上礼物决定继续传递善良3.词汇激活行为类出现：came into sight/tu

109、rn up/show up继续：carry on/go on情绪类非常高兴：more than happy/very happy让她高兴：light her up/make her happy【点睛】高分句型1We spotted a friendly waiter whom we met last time at the very cafe.（由whom引导的定语从句）高分句型2Learning that we wanted to give Brianna a birthday surprise, he was more than happy to be our partner in smiles.（由that引导的宾语从句）高分句型3He found some colourful balloons as well as a bunch of fresh flowers, with which we decorated the counter and the doorway.（由with which引导的非限制性定语从句）