师说系列2012届高考英语一轮复习讲义：6.5THE POWER OF NATURE（人教版）.doc

1、Unit 5The power of nature教 材 面 面 观单词拓展1._vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生_n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发2_vt.任命；委派_n任命；选派；职位；约会3_vt.评估；评价；估计_n评价；估价4_adj.绝对的；完全的_adv.绝对地；完全地5_n一套外衣；套装vt.适合；使适宜_adj.合适的；适宜的6_n潜在性；可能性；潜能adj.可能的；潜在的_adv.潜在地7_adj.实在的；实际的_adv.实际上_n现实；现实性8_adj.贵重的；珍贵的_adv.珍贵地9_n文件；证件10_adj.不舒服的；不舒适的_adv.不舒服地；不舒适地11_adj.失去知觉

2、的；未觉察的_adv.不知不觉地12_vt.射中；射伤_n射击；枪炮声13_adj.忧虑的；不安的_n担心；焦虑；渴望14_vi.洗澡；游泳_n浴；洗澡15_vt.保证；担保_n保证人_n保证；保证书；担保物；抵押品短语回顾1.be suitable_适合2be_as 被任命为3take sb.by_ 出乎某人意料4be_about 因而焦虑5_from.to. 由到不等6_ones way to 前往7burn to the_ 全部焚毁8_through 匆匆看一遍9have a_for 有天赋10a tourist _ 一处旅游胜地句型背诵1.I_ _ _go back to sleep_

3、suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。2I became_excited_I forgot my fear.我变得如此兴奋以致忘了害怕。3_ _ _ _this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the.据说这个具有语言天赋和很强说服力的男孩就是4The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this _ my

4、 first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山中去收集供日后研究的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。5_ collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast it will flow.收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家来预测熔岩接着将往何处流去，流速是多少。自我诊断单词拓展1e

5、rupt；eruption2.appoint；appointment3.evaluate；evaluation4.absolute；absolutely5.suit；suitable6potential；potentially7.actual；actually；actuality8.precious；preciously9.document10.uncomfortable；uncomfortably11.unconscious；unconsciously12.shoot；shot13.anxious；anxiety14.bathe；bath15.guarantee；guarantor；guar

6、anty短语回顾1for2.appointed3.surprise4.anxious5.vary6.make7.ground8.glance9.gift10.attraction句型背诵1was about to；when2.so；that3.It is said that4.being5Having考 点 串 串 讲重点单词1.erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生An active volcano may erupt at any time.活火山随时可能喷发。Tensions sometimes erupt in violence.紧张情形有时会引发暴力。This is the pl

7、ace that the antiJapanese war erupted.这里是抗日战争爆发的地方。用法拓展eruption n火山爆发；(战争等)爆发erupt into laughter/shouting突然大笑/叫喊起来burst into laughter/burst out laughing突然大笑起来易混辨析erupt，explode与bursterupt喷出，爆发。强调突然发生，可用作比喻。explode爆炸，爆发。指混合物点燃后空气突然膨胀而释放大量的热能，同时发出巨响。用作比喻时表示一种感情的突然释放或表示对事物的破坏、消灭。burst爆炸，爆发。强调在强大的压力作用下突然

8、释放出能量。也可用作比喻意义，指人的感情的宣泄。即境活用翻译句子谁也不知道埋在现代社会下的社会火山何时爆发。_中国人的智慧将会像火山一样释放出来。_仗打起来，他对我们半信半疑。_答案：No one knows when the social volcano below modern society will erupt.The wisdom of Chinese people will erupt like a volcano.Then when fighting did erupt，he took us half seriously，half skeptically.2evaluate v评

9、价，评估；估计I cant evaluate his ability without seeing his work.没看到他的工作情况，我无法评价他的能力。The research project has only been under way for three months，so its too early to evaluate its success.这个研究项目进行了不过三个月，所以要对它的成绩做出评价为时尚早。用法拓展evaluation n估计；评估evaluate water quality评价水质evaluation method评价方法evaluation factor评

10、价因素I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。You should evaluate your chances of success before making a decision.作出决定前，你应该估计成功的机会。易混辨析evaluate/estimate和valueevaluate很少用来表示“估价”或“估计”某物的市场价值，而是用来表示“评价”。estimate表示的“估价”只是猜测，甚至只是一种想法。value估计某物的价值、价格。Its hard to evaluate the results w

11、ithout knowing more about the research work.没有更多的了解很难评估这些研究工作的结果。We estimated it would cost 350 yuan.我们估计它可能要花350元。The house has been valued at 200,000 yuan.这座房子估价为20万元。即境活用单项填空Its impossible_these results without knowing more about the research method.AevaluateBto evaluateCto evaluating Devaluation

12、Before he started work，I asked him to give me a(n)_of the cost of painting all the walls in the building.Aestimate BvalueCannouncement Devaluation答案：BA3tremble vi.摇晃；摇动；颤抖用法拓展tremble with因为而发抖tremble at听到、看到、想起而颤抖tremble to think.想起就不寒而栗即境活用单项填空When she heard the news that she got the first prize，he

13、r voice trembled_excitement.Afor BinCwith DatPale and thin，the little girl_in the wind.Astood tremblingBstood trembledCtrembled standingDfell trembling答案：C考查介词的用法。表示原因时，常用with。“因而颤抖”应该用tremble withn.，故选C项。A句意为：这个小女孩身体瘦弱，脸色苍白，不停地在风中颤抖。trembling作伴随状语。4vary vi.呈现不同vt. & vi.(使)变化，改变vary from.to.从到变化vary

14、 in sth.在方面不同，有差异vary with sth.随变化Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。The students work varies considerably in quality.学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。The prices of some goods vary with the season.某些货物的价格随着季节的变化而变化。用法拓展variety n品种；多样化various adj.各种各样的；各种不同的varied adj.形形色色的；不同的；许多的Variety

15、 is not a guarantee of good nutrition.品种多并不能确保营养好。There are various ways to solve the problem.解决这个问题有许多种方法。He led a full and varied life.他过着丰富多彩的生活。即境活用翻译句子课程根据学生的需要而有所不同。_答案：Courses vary according to the needs of the students.5adventure vi.冒险n冒险；冒险活动；惊险活动；奇遇The explorer told the boys about his adve

16、ntures in the Arctic.那位探险家把他在北极的冒险活动讲给男孩子们听。Many boys have a thirst for adventure.许多男孩都渴望那个冒险。Adventure stories fired his imagination.冒险小说激发了他的想象力。归纳延伸a story of adventure冒险故事a spirit of adventure冒险精神adventures in the desert沙漠中奇异的经历易混辨析adventure与riskadventure常用作名词，意为“冒险”，用作动词时是不及物动词。risk用作名词时意为“危险，风

17、险”，用作及物动词时，意为“冒的危险，使遭受危险”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。即境活用用adventure的正确形式填空The storm made our hike a real _.Dont break in when the _ is telling his own story.John is an _ man, unafraid of risks.答案：adventureadventureradventurous6absolute adj.绝对的；完全的用法拓展(1)an absolute fact确实的事实(2)absolutely adv.完全地；确实地；绝对地；毫无疑问地(3

18、)absolutely impossible绝对不可能Do you think so?你是这样想吗？Absolutely.当然是。He is absolutely wrong.他完全错了。You are absolutely right.你完全正确。即境活用单项填空I think he is a young player with great potential._. I cant agree more.ASurelyBBadlyCMostly DAbsolutely答案：D7panic v(使人或动物)受惊；惊慌n惊慌；恐慌The banks were panicked into selli

19、ng dollars.银行惊恐抛售美元。用法拓展(1)panic over/about/at因而恐慌(2)panic sb. into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做(3)get into a panic使陷入惊慌状态(4)be seized with a panic惊慌失措(5)(be) in panic惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中She got into a real panic when she thought shed lost the tickets.她十分惊慌，以为自己把入场券丢了。The crowd ran out in panic.群众惊慌失措地跑出去了。The crowd pa

20、nicked at the sound of the gunfire.那群人听到枪声后惊慌失措。特别提醒panic的过去式、过去分词分别为panicked, panicked。即境活用单项填空Hearing a man following her, she _ and ran as fast as she could.AfearedBpanickedCafraid Dfrightened答案：B8guarantee vt.保证；担保I guarantee the success of the show.我保证这场表演会成功。The fridge is guaranteed for three

21、years.这种冰箱保修三年。Buying a train ticket doesnt guarantee you a seat.买到火车票并不保证你有座位。Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?谁能担保他说话算数？用法拓展(1)guarantee sb.s debt为某人的借款担保(2)guarantee the success of.保证的成功(3)guarantee sb. sth.guarantee sth. to sb.向某人保证某事(4)guarantee sth.保证；保修(5)guarantee to do sth.保证做某事

22、(6)guarantee against.担保不(7)guarantee of/that担保(8)guarantee n保证；担保(9)theres no guarantee of./that.不能保证(10)under guarantee在保修期内(11)give/offer/provide a guarantee提供担保If you yell at him, hes guaranteed to do the opposite of what you want.如果你向他大喊大叫，他肯定会跟你对着干。This insurance guarantees you against loss in

23、case of fire.这项保险保证你在发生火灾时不受金钱上的损失。I guarantee that he will appear in court.我保证他会出庭。My watch is still under guarantee.我的表仍在保修期内。The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.那个工艺品商保证这幅画是真品。易混辨析ensure, guarantee和promise这三个动词都有“保证”之意。(1)ensure侧重使人相信某个行为或力量产生的结果。(2)guarantee指对事物的品质或人的行为及履行义务等承担

24、责任的保证。(3)promise侧重表示自己的主观意向，设法用语言使人感到稳当可靠。特别提醒guarantee作“抵押”讲时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。guarantee的同义词是assure或ensure，短语make sure也是“确保，保证”之意。What do you have to offer as guarantee for the loan.你以什么作这笔贷款的抵押呢？即境活用单项填空Working hard is not only a _ of success, but it is among the essential requirements.Asign BsignalCg

25、uarantee DsymbolI need the money badly now and I have to _ my car though Im not at all willing to do so.Adestroy BsacrificeCundertake Dguarantee答案：CB重点短语1.make ones way前进；行走；成功They made their way through the forest.他们穿过森林前进。Edward was just beginning to make his way in life.爱德华刚开始发迹。用法拓展way作“道路；前进”讲时

26、后接to，加动名词或直接跟副词，如：home，here，there等。相似的短语：elbow/shoulder/push ones way推挤前进；挤过去feel ones way摸索前进fight ones way奋勇前进find ones way找到出路wind ones way蜿蜒前进即境活用完成句子杰克是个有抱负的年轻人，他的一个梦想是通过奋斗进入上流社会。Jack was an ambitious young man；one of his dreams was to_into the fashionable world.翻译句子If you want to make your way

27、 in the world，youll have to work hard while you are still young._答案：fight his way如果你想在这个世界里功成名就，就得趁着年少多努力。2burn to the ground全部焚毁；夷为平地The whole building was burnt to the ground in the big fire.在那场大火中，整座大楼被全部烧毁。用法拓展burn(sth.)away(使某物)逐渐烧掉；(逐渐)消失burn sth. down(将某物)焚为平地；烧得精光burn sth. off烧掉某物burn sth. o

28、ut烧坏；烧尽burn oneself out精疲力竭be burned out被烧尽(光)burn(sth.)to sth.(将某物)烧成某种状态burn up(指火)燃烧得更旺；烧掉；使发怒This exercise helps you to burn off fat and tone muscles.这项锻炼有助于你消耗脂肪，使肌肉强健。Half the candle had burnt away.那根蜡烛烧掉了一半。He was badly injured in the accident，and all his hair was burnt off.他在事故中受了重伤，所有头发都烧掉了

29、。He put more wood on the fire to make it burn up.他把所有的木柴都放进火炉来使它燃烧得更旺一些。即境活用单项填空If the bottle of gas_fire，the whole building may_.Awill catch；be burned to the groundBcatches；be burned downCis on；burn downDwill be on；be burned down答案：B3It is said that.据说句中的It是形式主语，它所代表的是后面that引导的主语从句。用法拓展It is believ

30、ed/thought/supposed/reported/hoped/expected that.据相信/认为/报导/希望/预计People believe/think/suppose/hope/expect that.人们相信/认为/希望/预计It is known to all that.众所周知特别提醒以上结构中it是形式主语，它所代替的是后面that引导的主语从句。以上结构除It is hoped that.之外 ，均可转化为：“主语be过去分词不定式”结构，其中不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化。如：It is said that he has gone abroad.He is sa

31、id to have gone abroad.据说他出国了。有时以上结构还可转化为：“Asbev.ed，主句”结构，或者“Whatbev.edisthat从句”结构。如：It is known to all that China is a country with a long history.As is known to all，China is a country with a long history.What is known to all is that China is a country with a long history.众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。即境活用单项填空

32、It was said_was all_he said.Athat that；that Bthat that；whatCwhich it；that Dthat what；thatIs Bob still performing?Im afraid not.He is said_the stage already as he has become an official.Ato have left Bto leaveCto have been left Dto be left答案：A考查It is/wasv.edthat从句。第一个空中的第二个that表示“那”，第二个空中的that引导定语从句修

33、饰all。A考查非谓语动词。由句意可知leave这一动作发生在前，应使用不定式的完成式，排除B、D两项；leave与he为主动关系，所以选A项。4be about to do.when.正在干，这时用法拓展(1)I was on the point of doing.when.我正要干某事，这时发生了另一件事。(2)I was doing.when.我正在干某事，这时发生了另一件事。(3)I had (just) done.when.我已干完了某事，这时发生了另一件事。We were about to start when it rained.我们正要开始就下雨了。I was on the p

34、oint of going when the phone rang.我正要走的时候，电话铃响了。易混辨析(1)be about to do表示“即将(正要)做某事”，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。(2)be going to do表示事先经过考虑，打算去做某事或有明显的迹象要发生某事，它可用于条件状语从句中表示将来，而shall/will则不行。(3)be to do表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性或注定要发生的动作。We are about to leave.我们就要动身了。We are going to have a meeting today.今天我们要开个会。Are you to go

35、 on with this work?你要继续这份工作吗？即境活用单项填空We were just _ call you up _ you came in, _ was unexpected.Aabout to; when; thatBon the point of; as; asCabout to；when; whichDto; when; thatShe opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out _ she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.AwhileB

36、whenCthough Duntil答案：CB5vary from.to.由到不等The prize of the holiday varies from 500 to 1,200, depending on the time of year.度假费用由500到1,200英镑不等，视季节而定。Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression.她的情绪由乐观一下变得极度消极。归纳延伸vary with随而变化vary between.and.与情况不等a variety of种类繁多的，大量的various adj.不同种类的，多种多样的即境

37、活用翻译句子为了增加趣味，教师应该使自己的课多样化。_那种事因人而异。_答案：Teachers should vary their lessons to make them more interesting.That sort of thing varies from person to person.6give birth to生育，生孩子She gave birth to a fine healthy girl.她生了一个健康漂亮的女孩。I am a Chinese by birth.我生来就是一个中国人。He only weighed three pounds at birth.他出生时

38、只有3磅重。归纳延伸by birth生来at birth出生时be of good/noble birth良好的/高贵的出身即境活用完成句子母无尾熊每两年才产仔一次。Mother koalas _ babies only every other year.翻译句子Though a mother gives birth to nine sons, all nine will be different._答案：give birth to一娘养九子，九子九个心。重点句式1.Yet，however weak we are，we are not completely powerless.但是，不管我们是

39、多么的脆弱，我们并不是完全的无能为力。howeveradj.no matter howadj.，是一个让步状语从句，此处however为连词。 however还可以做副词“然而”。如：People like this are usually harmless.They can，however，be a nuisance.这类人通常是无恶意的，不过他们会讨人厌。Well have to finish the job，however long it takes.无论要花多长时间，我们都得把这项工作做完。即境活用单项填空If we work with a strong will，we can ove

40、rcome any difficulty，_great it is.Awhat BhowChowever DwhateverWell have to finish the job，_.Along it takes howeverBit takes however longClong however it takesDhowever long it takes答案：CD2The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience

41、，I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山中去收集供日后研究的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。this being my first experience在句中充当状语，是独立主格结构。独立主格结构没有真正的主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语；可置于句首、句尾，用逗号与主句分开。The guide leading the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。Weather permitting，we will go on an ou

42、ting to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨旅游。用法拓展独立主格结构的其他形式还有：名词/主格代词过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词。独立主格结构可分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词(主格)，起着逻辑主语的作用；另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成，表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。The girl lay on her back，her hands crossed under her head.小女孩仰卧在那里，双手交叉在脑后。I heard that he got injured in the accident，my

43、heart full of worry.听说他在这起事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。Our lessons over，we went to play basketball.下课后，我们去打篮球。即境活用单项填空There_nothing to do，we went to the cinema and saw an adventurous film.Awas BhadCbeing Dhad beenThe plan_，what is to be done now is how to carry it out.Abeen madeBhas been madeChaving been madeDha

44、ving been making答案：CC3Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast it will flow.收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家来预测熔岩接着将往何处流去，流速是多少。Having collected and evaluated.是现在分词的完成式在句中作状语，表明从句动作发生在主句动作之前。Having answered the te

45、achers questions, she sat down and felt much more relaxed.回答老师的问题后，她坐下来，感到轻松多了。Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.没收到回信，他决定再写一封。用法拓展(1)过去分词作状语同现在分词作状语时一样，其逻辑上的主语就是主句的主语，但所不同的是，过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系，但有时无被动意味，只是表示一种状态或动作的完成，而现在分词与主语之间存在着主动关系。(2)如果一个被动的动作在主句谓语的动作之前完成，则可使用现在分词的完成被动式。Seen a

46、t a distance, the picture looks more beautiful.从远处看，那幅画看起来更美。Given better attention, the flowers could have grown better.要是照看得好一点，这些花会长得更好。Dressed in white, she looks really pretty.穿着白衣服，她看起来更美。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help thinking of his good old days.看到那张照片，他禁不住想起了美好的往昔。Having been separate

47、d from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.由于与其他的大洲分离了几百万年了，澳大利亚有许多在世界上其他地方都找不到的动植物。即境活用单项填空The storm left, _ a lot of damage to this area.AcausedBto have causedCto cause Dhaving caused_ in the queue for half an hour, Tom

48、 suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.ATo wait BHave waitedCHaving waited DTo have waited答案：DC知 能 层 层 练一、单项填空1Steve was wearing a red silk shirt that didnt_him at all.Aserve BmeetCsatisfy Dsuit答案：D解析：suit“合适；适合”，常用于指衣服款式、花色等方面的合适。2_the vacant post，Smith felt very happy and decided t

49、o be up to the job.AConcerning BConcerned aboutCAppointed to DApplied to答案：C解析：appointed to是过去分词短语作状语。concerning“鉴于；考虑到”；concerned about“关心”。3He caused much_to his parents by cycling long distance alone，which was very dangerous in their opinion.Acaution BanxietyCeagerness Dfright答案：B解析：anxiety“忧虑；担心

50、”，独自一人骑车到很远的距离，这在父母看来是很危险的，所以他们一定会很担心。caution“谨慎”；eagerness“渴望”；fright“惊恐”。4I appreciate your hard work，but I can not have a_that you will surely get promoted.Aguarantee BresultCbelief Dswear答案：A解析：guarantee“保证；担保”。5Dad，there is a snake at the gate crawling this way.Dont_，boys；theres no danger.Aafra

51、id BfrightenCterrify Dpanic答案：D解析：Dont panic“不要惊慌”。afraid为形容词；frighten和terrify是及物动词。6The teacher_the performance of each student at the end of the term.Acalculates BevaluatesCexamines Dsupposes答案：B解析：老师在学期末对每位同学的表现进行评估。evaluate“评估；评价”。calculate“计算 ”；examine“检查”；suppose“设想”。7Youd better_your diet rat

52、her than eat the same things all the time.Avary BchangeCconvert Dalter答案：A解析：vary指性质、特点等与以往不同，使多样化。change“改变；交换”，为一般用语，既可指本质上的，也可指外形、质量及程度上的变化；convert“使转变，使转化”，常指改变某一局部，从而加强功能或改变其用途；alter指部分改革，不影响事物的本质或总体结构。8Do you allow your son to go to any Internet cafe on holidays?_not!AExtremely BThoroughlyCAbs

53、olutely DCompletely答案：C解析：absolutely not用来强调很不同意或不允许，意为“当然不；绝对不行”。9Hearing the news that he won the first in the competition，his voice trembled_excitement.Afor BinCwith Dat答案：C解析：tremble with excitement“因激动而颤抖”，with表示原因。10Tom，you see，Im a bit tight at hand.Lend me some money，will you?Sorry，I dont ha

54、ve_at hand myself.You see，all I had went to the new MP3 player.Aanything BeitherCany Dnothing答案：C解析：考查代词。该空所在句是否定句，用any表示any money，意为“我手头没钱了”。二、用所给词的适当形式填空1anxious“How long are you going to stay？”she whispered _.As his confidence in his work increased, his _ about it disappeared.We had a(n) _ couple

55、 of weeks waiting for the test results.2comfortableHis father is sitting in his _ chair, reading an adventure story.When the pupil admitted his fault in the class, he felt a little _.3The crowd _(panic) when the gas exploded.4Enough lava has _(erupt)from the volcano to bury the entire village.5We ne

56、ed to carry out a proper _(evaluate) of the new system.6It helps children to develop a(n) _(appreciate) of poetry and literature.答案：fortableuncomfortable3.panicked4.erupted5.evaluation6.appreciation三、用适当的介词填空1Christmas is the most celebrated festival here in our country. The whole country will be ba

57、thing _ a festive atmosphere that day.2We should send them a present to show our appreciation _ their kindness.3We were trembling _ excitement at the news.4I got _ a panic when I found the door was locked.5She was appointed _ a most responsible teaching post.6The mother was anxious _ her daughters h

58、ealth.答案：1.in2.of3.with4.into5.to6.about四、选择合适的单词或短语并用其适当形式填空1make ones way, feel ones way, lose ones wayWhile crossing the river, we must _ through the guide of the stones in it.When the concert was over, they _ out of the hall.I _ in the thick forest and was frightened to death.2suit, fitThe trous

59、ers dont _ me at all. They are tight around the waist.Im usually busy in the morning. I think you might come any time in the afternoon, if that _ you.3glance at, glance throughI cant recall his appearance, because I just _ him when he came into the room.He _ his sons homework before going to bed.4guarantee, assureHe has gone to Beijing secretly. I can _ you of the absolute reliability of the information.Well deliver the fridge to your place free of charge and _ it for up to two years.答案：1.feel our waymade their waylost my way2fitsuits3glanced atglanced through4assureguarantee