2021届通用版高考英语一轮语法复习专练学案：考点二十一说理议论类练习 WORD版含解析.doc

1、考点二十一说理议论类A限时7分钟I recently came in contact with celebrity magazines. My family isnt one to give money for pictures of skinny, drunk celebrities with paragraphs about their relationships and shopping cart times. Thus, I was excited to finally get a chance to read about other peoples attractive yet tr

2、oubled lives.Right away I noticed how each magazine seemed to be a copy of the other. They had headlines and pictures that were almost the same. Still, the pictures of perfectly constructed faces with cute designer outfits going on with their daily lives made me read on.Wait, celebrities taking thei

3、r dogs for a walk? Spending an afternoon at a park? All of these things seemed so ordinarythings my own family and I do together often. I suddenly realized how unextraordinary the people in these magazines were. They are simply normal people who happen to have a cool job and much money. For some rea

4、son, pictures of them doing things like buying milk at the store appeal to millions of readers. Then, when these regular people mess up, their mistakes are painted onto hundreds of newspapers and Internet sites.What if every time we made a mistake, it was made public? Have you ever failed a test? Im

5、agine seeing pictures of you on the front of a newspaper with headlines like, “Regular Schooling Isnt Enough”. Youd be embarrassed. Now, Im not necessarily taking the celebritys side. Im more realizing the fact that these people we are crazy about are just ordinary human beings with many photographs

6、 following them around. Role models? Id think not. Personally, Id rather look up to people in any community who have accomplished a lot instead of an ordinary person walking his dog in Berverly Hills.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者通过阅读时尚杂志，发现名人只不过是受大家关注的普通人而已，而作者更喜欢的是做了大事的普通人，进而呼吁我们应该正确看待名人。1What do we know a

7、bout the authors family?AThey admire celebrities very much.BThey often buy celebrity magazines.CThey are not interested in celebrities.DThey are curious about the life of celebrities.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可推知，作者家人对名人的八卦新闻不感兴趣，故选C。2What does the author think of celebrities?AThey live a happy life.BThey s

8、eldom do usual things.CThey deserve peoples admiration.DThey are just ordinary people like us.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，作者突然明白，名人都是些普通人，只不过他们从事着看似光鲜、收入丰厚的工作，故选D。3Who is most likely to be the authors role model?ACelebrities who live an ordinary life.BCommon people who do great things.CExtraordinary peop

9、le who accomplish a lot.DPeople who make great contributions to communities.答案：B推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者更喜欢以那些虽生活在社区里，但能做出不平凡事情的普通人为榜样，而不是那些虽生活在Berverly Hills而事实上很平庸的人，结合选项可知选B。4What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo describe the actual life of celebrities.BTo ask us to be realistic about

10、others mistakes.CTo show peoples different attitudes towards celebrities.DTo advise us to have a right attitude towards celebrities.答案：D推理判断题。根据本文可知，在作者看来名人只不过是受大家关注的普通人，我们需要以正确的态度去看待他们，故选D。B限时8分钟Its not easy feeling like youre always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make

11、. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule (时间囊) to go back and make things change if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.Ac

12、ademically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks. Although most would say “its good to have high standards”， they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you dont achieve the desired goal you feel as though you have failed, bu

13、t youre far from failing, you just dont see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that youre stupid and not smart. The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough” label each and every day.You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have

14、 them for others. If people dont perform up to your expectations, then you think them incompetent. This causes a lot of frustration because you cant trust anyone to get things right. So instead or being a team player you fly solo (单飞) and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expecta

15、tions cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and its damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In a society

16、that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect?We all have flaws, fears and make mistakes, and thats perfectly OK. Its our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person. We d

17、ont have to be a stronger and more adaptable person. We dont have to strive to achieve the impossible goal. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。过度追求完美不仅影响身心健康，还会对别人苛求进而产生很多问题。我们注定不完美，我们要接受自己的不完美。5Where is this text most likely from?AA diary. BA novel.CA magazine. DA guidebook.答案：

18、C推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇议论文，主要观点是：过度追求完美影响身心健康和人际关系进而导致其他问题，因此我们不必追求完美。据此可推知，本文最可能摘自杂志，故C项正确。6Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?ABe generous with praise.BNobody is perfect.CThere is no best, only better.DA contented mind is an everlasting feast.答案：C推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“The attemp

19、t to be perfect is called perfectionism”可推知，“没有最好，只有更好”是典型的完美主义者的观点，故C项正确。A项“不要吝惜赞美”、D项“知足常乐”均不属于完美主义，故排除。7What can we infer from Paragraph 4?AThe society is partly to blame for perfectionism.BMore and more people are tolerating mistakes.CMany young people find it impossible to be perfect.DIts unusu

20、al for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.答案：A推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“In a society that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect？”可知，在这个过分夸大错误的社会里，有那么多的年轻人尝试变得完美这一不可能完成的任务是不足为奇的。据此可推知，社会应当对完美主义承担一定的责任，故A项正确。8What does the author think o

21、f imperfection?AIts unbearable.BIts part of our life.CIt deserves to be overcome.DIt does harm to our mental health.答案：B推理判断题。根据末段内容尤其是最后一句“We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.”可推知，作者认为不完美是我们人生的一部分，故B项正确。C限时8分钟Growing PainsThe term “adulting” started as a sort of jokewhenever a millennial (千禧一

22、代) would do something ageappropriate, this was an act of “adulting”. Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.Rachel Flehinger has cofounded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is

23、 that many millennials havent left childhood homesin America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.Theres a good deal of truth to this. If youre living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil (溺爱) you, youre less

24、likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency_breeds_enervation.But living at home doesnt necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25 to 29yearolds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parent

25、s expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that weve simply become lazier as parents.So whats the real problem?Were more likely to let our kids crash on our couches (长沙发) than tell them to ge

26、t a job and pay rent. We dont push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans arent expected to start building a life, particularly middle and upperclass Americans, until theyre nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage

27、 young people to “adult” in noncircumstancedriven fashion.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。千禧一代的孩子接受着父母的宠爱，他们很多人不能独立生活需要接受生活技能培训。事实上，是父母的养育方式导致孩子不能独立。9What does the last sentence “Dependency breeds enervation” in the third paragraph mean?AParents would like to do housework by themselves.BPresent kids are too lazy to d

28、o housework.CDependency makes kids unable to do things.DKids depend on their parents.答案：C句意理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里，爸爸妈妈竭尽全力溺爱你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做饭或平衡收支。画线句为进一步的总结，据此可推知，画线句意在表达，过度依赖父母会使孩子丧失做事情的能力，故C项正确。10Which of the following statements is TRUE?AMillennials would like to be trained in being an adult.BP

29、arents are too lazy to do chores.CMillennials dont adult because they still live in their childhood homes.DIn the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.答案：D细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，自20世纪40年代起，有超过30%的25至29岁的人与父母或祖父母一起住在家里；但即使和家人同住，他们也很成熟。故D项正确。11Which of the following statements is th

30、e main idea of the passage?A“Adulting” is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids.BMillennials should leave home early to adult.CAmericans arent expected to start building a life until theyre nearing their 30s.DAdulting schools with online courses are popular.答案：A主旨大意题。根据第四段末

31、句“The truth is that weve simply become lazier as parents.”并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要论述了由于父母的过分宠爱和懒得教孩子们生活技能，现在许多千禧一代的孩子不能独立，不知道如何洗衣、做饭、管理生活收支等。故A项正确。12According to the passage, what will be written about next?AThe government should put off the age of adulthood.BParents should leave kids in charge of society.C

32、Parents should put responsibility on young people.DPushing kids to adult is painful for parents.答案：C推理判断题。根据本文最后一句可知，接下来的问题是，我们如何鼓励年轻人以非环境驱动的方式“成年”。据此可推知，下文将介绍家长如何鼓励孩子们承担生活的责任，故C项正确。D限时8分钟When asked to identify the qualities that lead to success in life, experts often list the ability to overcome ob

33、stacles. Getting over the difficulties, through determination and persistence, is the characteristic of the greatest leaders, the most successful parents and the most prized employees. Those who make no excuses, who do whatever it takes to get something done, are the ones who have the capacity to ac

34、hieve greatness.In education, we focus a lot on meeting our students needs. Its our job to teach them. But to truly help them be successful, we ourselves have to have the “no excuses” attitude. The problem is that by allowing ourselves no excuses, and doing whatever it takes to make students success

35、ful, we often find ourselves accepting excuses from them. Students dont complete an assignment, and we give them a second chance. A test is failed and we provide a chance to retake it, or do test corrections for extra credit. But theres always a reason for a childs behavior. Its important to underst

36、and the reason, but its equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse. Theres a girl in my class with terrible handwriting. “Maybe if I had a mother who had taught me that, I would have better handwriting！” she says. She has been in and out of foster care (寄养照管) for years. She has an

37、explanation for her bad handwriting, but when does it become an excuse that reduces her ability to communicate for the rest of her life?We must understand the kids and work to find ways for them to succeed. Simultaneously (同时), we must draw lines, set limits, show them the difference between right a

38、nd wrong. The real work is figuring out when we stop letting reasons be excuses, and start to teach kids about taking responsibility for themselves. Maybe there is failure on the path to success. Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannot cross.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍教师在教育

39、学生的过程中要培养他们“不找借口”的态度，使他们对自己的言行负责。13The example of the girl in Paragraph 4 shows that _.Achildren cant tell a reason from an excuseBchildren need to improve their ability to communicateCchildrens behavior is greatly affected by their parentsDchildren have reasonable explanations for their behavior答案：

40、A推理判断题。结合第三段尾句中的“but its equally important to remember that a reason is not an excuse”可知，原因不等于借口，女孩的例子正是说明了孩子们往往无法辨别借口和原因，故选A。14What is a teachers real work in the authors opinion?ATo show kids the difference between right and wrong.BTo help kids become responsible for themselves.CTo set specific li

41、mits to the behavior of kids.DTo meet the needs of different kids.答案：B细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知，一个教师真正的工作是弄清楚什么时候不再让理由变成借口，并开始教孩子们要对他们自己的言行负责，故选B。15What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?AChildren should try to avoid failure.BFailure may benefit children in the long run.CChildren should

42、be careful on their way to success.DFailure is easy to conquer if children are confident.答案：B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句“Sometimes a child has to fail in order to discover the line that he cannot cross.”可以推断，从长远来看，让孩子经历失败并不一定是坏事，孩子们能从中受益，故选B。16The passage is probably written by _.Aa working parentBa college s

43、tudentCan experienced teacherDa newspaper reporter答案：C推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句“In education, we focus a lot on meeting our students needs. Its our job to teach them.”以及第四段首句“Theres a girl in my class with terrible handwriting.”可推知，这篇文章很可能是由一个有经验的教师写的。A限时15分钟(2020全国卷)During the rosy years of elementary schoo

44、l (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on ot

45、hers, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status seekers. The likables playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,

46、jumpstart interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequ

47、ences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and

48、the highest in status based on student surveys (调查研究). “We found that the least wellliked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opp

49、osite effect on us.”Dr Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing, kindness, opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr Prinstein came to another conclusi

50、on：Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage，” he said.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章从社会心理学视角讨论青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一

51、青少年心理健康话题。 1What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind. BLonely.CGenerous. DCool.答案：C推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“early years of elementary school”可定位到第一段第一句，根据句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。2What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe classification of the popula

52、r.BThe characteristics of adolescents.CThe importance of interpersonal skills.DThe causes of dishonorable behavior.答案：A段落大意题。根据第二段第二句可知Dr Prinstein，一位临床心理学教授将受欢迎的人分为两类，第三句和第四句分别用“The likables . ”和“Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence .”引出后文内容，恰恰就是介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢型和追求地位型。同时本段

53、第二句中的关键词sort . into . (把分成)与A项中的classification相呼应，所以A项可以概括本段大意。3What did Dr Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?AThey appeared to be aggressive.BThey tended to be more adaptable.CThey enjoyed the highest status.DThey performed well academically.答案：B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句中的“likability can lead t

54、o healthy adjustment”可知，Dr Prinstein的研究发现，最讨人喜欢的孩子往往适应性强。B项中的adaptable与第四段中的adjustment相呼应。故选B项。4What is the best title for the text?ABe NiceYou Wont Finish LastBThe Higher the Status, the BetterCBe the BestYou Can Make ItDMore SelfControl, Less Aggressiveness答案：A标题判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本文主要介绍了研究者发现讨人喜欢与积极

55、的人生结果有关，因此A项作为标题最合适。B限时10分钟(2020成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)Please take a few seconds and think of your personal biggest goal. Imagine telling someone you meet today what youre going to do. Imagine their congratulations and their high image of you. Doesnt it feel good to say it out loud? Dont you feel one step clo

56、ser already? Well, bad news: you should have kept your mouth shut, because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it.Any time you have a goal, there is some work that needs to be done to achieve it. Ideally, you would not be satisfied until youd actually done the work. But when you tell s

57、omeone your goal and he acknowledges (承认) it, psychologists have found its called a “social_reality”. The mind is kind of tricked into a feeling that its already done. And then, because youve felt that satisfaction, youre less motivated to do the actual and necessary hard work. This goes against the

58、 traditional wisdom that we should tell our friends our goals, right?In 1982, Peter Gollwitzer, a professor of psychology, wrote a whole book about this. And in 2009, he did some new tests that were published. It goes like this: 163 people across four separate testseveryone wrote down their personal

59、 goal. Then half of them announced their commitment (承诺) to this goal to the room, and half didnt. Then everyone was given 45 minutes of work that would directly lead them towards their goal, but they were told that they could stop at any time. Finally those who kept their mouths shut worked the ent

60、ire 45 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said they felt they had a long way to go to achieve their goal. But those who had announced it quit after only 33 minutes on average, and when asked afterwards, said that they felt much closer to achieving their goal.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。实现一个目标需要做一些工作。试

61、验表明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，则有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作；而在实现目标之前没有说出目标则会使你工作更努力。5What do the words “social reality” in Paragraph 2 mean?ACompletion of the goal.BNecessary hard work.CPeoples acknowledgement.DA sense of satisfaction.答案：A推理判断题。根据画线词组后一句“The mind is kind of tricked into a fee

62、ling that its already done.”并结合画线词组所在句可推知，social reality在此处意为“目标的完成”。6What does Peter Gollwitzer try to tell us?AWriting down the goal is very helpful.BAchieving personal goal needs more time.CKeeping the goal secret makes people work harder.DMaking the goal public makes people less satisfied.答案：C推理

63、判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Finally those who kept their mouths shut . to achieving their goal.”可推知，Peter Gollwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标让人们工作更努力。7How did Peter Gollwitzer prove his idea about peoples goal?ABy giving figures.BBy giving examples.CBy making a survey.DBy making comparison tests.答案：D细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Peter G

64、ollwitzer把所测试的对象分成两部分，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停止。试验表明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作33分钟。由此可知，Peter Gollwitzer是通过进行比较测试来证明他的观点的，故选D。8What will probably happen if you tell your friends your goal?AYou will be more confident.BYou will not gain satisfaction.CYou are less likely to realize it.

65、DYoull be much more motivated.答案：C推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“because that good feeling will make you less likely to do it”可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你实现目标的可能性会变小，故选C。C限时10分钟(2020兰州一中高三月考)Weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasin

66、g linecutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service)Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things, and

67、 each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue“First come, first served.” have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occa

68、sions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle shoul

69、d apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.B

70、ut dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course, marke

71、ts and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is

72、striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but the

73、se are not the only places that markets have entered.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。讲述了生活中购物、买票等时的插队问题，作者通过举例子、讲道理来解读道德和市场的平衡问题。要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付更多的费用。作者还对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行了探讨。9According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served.”？ATaking buses.BBuying houses.CFlyi

74、ng with an airline.DVisiting amusement parks.答案：A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句、第三段第一句“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.”可知，等公共汽车是受“先到先得到服务”这一标准制约的。10The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _.Athe necessity of patience in queuingBthe advantage of modern technol

75、ogyCthe uncertainty of allocation principleDthe fairness of telephonic services答案：C细节理解题。第四段第一句“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”说明了适用规则的不确定性，故选C项。11The passage is meant to _.Ajustify paying for faster servicesBdiscuss the morals of allocating thingsCanalyz

76、e the reason for standing in lineDcriticize the behavior of queue jumping答案：B主旨大意题。第二段和第六段的第一句都表明了这篇文章的核心话题就是对有关分配的道德问题的探讨。B项所述符合且准确地体现了文章的主旨。D限时12分钟(2020江苏高考)Who cares if people think wrongly that the internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that peopl

77、e are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, r

78、epresented by the internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in“postindustrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector (制造业), with negative consequences for their econo

79、mies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy

80、computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have impro

81、ved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative longterm costs and benefit

82、s of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or s

83、o, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on crossbor

84、der flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with

85、the latest, and our undervaluation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文，文章论述了盲目夸大新科技可能带来的严重后果。因特网和洗衣机哪个更有影响力？如果只是个人观点的话，做出错误判断也无大碍，但是，对新科技影响力的误判对社会却会有切切实实的影响，因为这会导致稀缺资源的浪费。12Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to

86、 _.Aa lack of confidence in technologyBa slow progress in technologyCa conflict of public opinionsDa waste of limited resources答案：D细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，这些误判有真正的影响，因为它们会导致稀缺资源的误导使用，故选D项“对新技术影响力的误判会导致有限资源的浪费”。13The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should _.Atake peoples essential needs into ac

87、countBmake their programmes attractive to peopleCensure that each child gets financial supportDprovide more affordable internet facilities答案：A细节理解题。由第四段可知，作者认为与其给发展中国家的人们捐钱买电脑及网络设备，倒不如买能切实提高人们生活水平的物品，言外之意，捐献者应该把人们的基本需求考虑(take . into account)进来，故选A项。14What has led many governments to remove necessary

88、 regulations?ANeglecting the impacts of technological advances.BBelieving that the world has become borderless.CIgnoring the power of economic development.DOveremphasizing the role of international communication.答案：B细节理解题。由第五段第一句中的“now we live in a borderless world”可知，世界已经变得无国界，第五段最后一句的意思是，正是因为相信有这样

89、一个世界，所以许多政府终止了一些非常有必要的规定。故选B。15What can we learn from the passage?APeople should be encouraged to make more donations.BTraditional technology still has a place nowadays.CMaking right career choices is crucial to personal success.DEconomic policies should follow technological trends.答案：B推理判断题。通读全文，尤其

90、是第三段可知，对ICT(信息通信技术)革命的着迷让一些富裕国家做出错误判断，认为制造业已经是明日黄花。这种“后工业社会”信念使得一些国家忽视制造业，从而给他们的经济带来负面影响。由此可知，制造业已经过时的推断是错误的，真实情况是传统工艺在当今社会仍有一席之地，故B项正确。E限时10分钟(2020河北调研)The arts, especially music, should be part of every schools lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical e

91、xperience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and following directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas.Music not only makes child

92、ren better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music program, children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang (团伙). Parents can enjoy listening to their childrens music instead of seeing them glued_to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be par

93、t of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through music.Music builds selfconfidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music give

94、s children an opportunity for selfexpression, and that helps develop their selfconfidence.Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every sch

95、ool.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了为什么音乐应该成为学校每个年级的一门必修课程。16According to the passage, music could make students smarter by _.Aimproving their classroom skillsBimproving their classroom skills and imaginationCimproving their attention, direction and imaginationDlearning music, making music and trying out their o

96、wn ideas答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience.”，第三句中的“They could improve their classroom skills .”和第五句“Making music also lets children use their imagination.”可知B正确。17What does the underlined phrase “glued to” in the second paragraph mean?AUnwilling to

97、turn on. BAlways looking.CUnwilling to leave. DAlways playing.答案：C词义猜测题。B、D两项中的动词均无法和“a computer”及“TV screen”构成动宾关系；A项中的“unwilling to turn on”与前后语境矛盾；再根据本句意在强调音乐对孩子的积极作用可知，电脑或电视对孩子将不再有吸引力。孩子们不再像以前那样离不开或迷恋电视或电脑。故选C。18The third paragraph mainly tells us that music could _.Agive children selfexpression

98、 and selfconfidenceBbring children achievement and successCgive children something to be proud ofDdevelop childrens selfconfidence答案：D段落大意题。根据第三段首句“Music builds selfconfidence, too.(音乐也能帮助孩子构建自信。)”可知，D项正确。19Whats the best title of this passage?AMusic is a must as a course at schoolBMusic builds childrens selfconfidenceCMusic makes students much smarterDLearning music and making music答案：A标题判断题。第一段第一句“The arts, especially music, should be part of every schools lessons at every grade level.”即文章的主题句，文章最后一句再次对此进行呼应；再根据概括标题需遵循“针对性、概括性、醒目性”的原则可知，A为最佳答案。