英语必修Ⅳ外研版MODULE6名师课件（共55张）语法.ppt

1、成才之路 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索外研版 必修4 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural WorldModule 61.1.1 集合的概念第二课时 Grammar1.1.1 集合的概念Module 6课内合作探究2课后强化作业5新课标语法3基 础 巩 固4课前自主预习1课前自主预习品句会意，正确翻译出黑体部分的汉语意思。One thing is for surethe fire must have been caused by some cigarette butts(烟头)。有一件事情很确定_。I think that he cant have g

2、one abroad；I saw him just now._；刚才我还看见他了。I shouldnt have watched that movie，because it gave me horrible dreams._，因为它让我做恶梦了。I neednt have got there so early，because she didnt come until 10._，因为她直到10点才来。这场火灾一定是由一些烟头引起的我认为他不可能去了国外我本来不该看那部电影的我本来没必要那么早到那儿的课内合作探究1.adapt v.(1)(使)适应；(使)适合He adapted himself

3、to cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。(2)改编；改装Here is a letter adapted from“Dear Abby”，PhiladephiaBulletin,on March 9,1973.这里摘登一封“亲爱的爱华”的回信，刊登在1973年3月9日的费城公报上。知识拓展adapt for 使适合于；为改编(改写)adapt from 根据改写(改编)adapt sth.to 使某事物适应或适合adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事注意：该词的词形与adopt vt.“采用；收养”和adept adj.“内行的；熟练的”较为相似，要注意区分它们。

4、即学即用语法填空The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.答案：adapt考查动词词义。adapt“适应”；句意：孩子有个好处就是他们很容易适应新的环境。故用adapt。2extinct adj.绝种的；消亡了的Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years.恐龙已灭绝数百年了。This custom is almost extinct in big cities.这种习俗在大城市中已几乎不存在了。知识拓展extinction nU

5、灭绝；绝种；消亡About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinction.大约有一千种动物濒临灭绝。即学即用语法填空Without nature reserves,more animals are likely to become _，which is known to us all.答案：extinctextinct“绝种的”。句意为：众所周知，如果没有自然保护区，很有可能更多的动物将要灭绝。1.die out1)(指宗族、物种)灭绝；灭亡This kind of bird is dying out.这种鸟正在濒临灭绝。2

6、)(习俗等)渐渐消失Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧习俗正在日渐消失。知识拓展die away 逐渐停止；逐渐消失die off 相继死去die down 逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊；平息；平静die of.因而死(因疾病，饥寒，情感等而死)die from.因而死(因外因而死)即学即用语法填空(1)Throughout the earths history,thousands of species have died_.答案：outdie out“灭绝，绝迹”。句意为：纵观地球的历史，成千上万的物种已经灭绝。(2)Although the wi

7、nd has died _，the rain remains steady.So you still need a raincoat.答案：downdie down“渐渐消失”。句意为：尽管不刮风了，但雨还下着，因此你仍然需要一个雨衣。2throw light on/upon 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事Recent research has thrown new light on the cause of the disease.最近的研究使人们进一步了解了这种疾病的起因。He threw light on his ideas at the meeting.他在会议上阐明了自己的观点。知识拓展lig

8、ht构成的其他常用短语：come to light 为人所知；暴露Some new information has come to light about the accident.关于那次事故，已经了解到一些新的情况。即学即用语法填空I believe the teachers explanation will throw light_ this puzzling problem.答案：onthrow light on“阐明；帮助弄清楚”，符合题意。句意为：我相信老师的解释可以阐明这个令人疑惑的问题。3come straight to the point 谈正题；开门见山Ill come s

9、traight to the pointwe need more money.我就直说吧我们需要更多的钱。知识拓展get to the point快点说出正题Theres no point(in)doing sth.做没有什么意义(用处)Theres no point in wasting time.耗时间没用。to the point 简明恰当；简洁中肯；切题off the point离题on the point of正要的时候I was on the point of going to bed when you rang.你来电话时我正要睡觉。即学即用语法填空Dont talk round

10、 the question;lets come straight to_.答案：the pointcome straight to the point“谈正题，开门见山”。句意为：不要在这个问题上绕圈子，咱们开门见山地谈出来吧。新课标语法图解语法助记表解语法助记表一：“情态动词have done”表示对过去的推测musthave done常用来表示说话者对已经发生的动作或存在的状态进行的一种合乎情理的推断，或很有把握的推测，一般只用于肯定句中，可译作“准是已经，肯定已经了”。I posted a book to her three weeks ago.She must have receive

11、d it.三周前我邮给她一本书，她一定收到了。cant/couldnthave done表示说话者对过去某种行为或存在的状态进行否定的推测，可译作“不可能”。She cant have been to your house.She doesnt know your address.她不可能去过你家；她不知道你的地址。may/mighthave done常用来表示说话者对过去可能已经发生的动作或存在的状态进行的推测或猜想。一般用于肯定句(可能已经)中，可译作“或许已经，可能已经了”；用于否定句中，表示“可能还没有”。might的语气没有may强。Nobody stopped him;he mig

12、ht have been a passengers child.没有人制止他，他或许是一个旅客的孩子。He may not have finished his homework.他或许还没有完成作业。表二：“情态动词have done”表示对过去的虚拟mighthave done表示“过去本可以做而实际上却没有”。You might have written to me when you were free.你有空时本可以给我写信的。could have done常用来表示“过去本来有可能或能够做到，但因为种种原因而实际上并没有做到”，含有劝告、责备的意思，可译作“本来能够，本来可以”。He

13、could have finished his work all by himself.他本来可以独立完成他的工作的。neednthave done表示过去做了本来不必做或不需要做的事或过去做某事纯属多余，含有“根本不必，本来没必要做”；也可用于疑问句。It was so near.We neednt have taken a taxi.路这么近，我们本来没必要坐出租车来的。should/ought tohave done常用来表示句子的主语“过去本该做而实际上却没做”的事，常带有后悔、埋怨或责备的口气，可译作“本该的”。ought to 比should语气强。The bus has left

14、.You should have come here a few minutes earlier.那班车开走了，你本该早来这儿几分钟。shouldnt/oughtnt tohave done表示“过去本不该做而实际上却做了”，可译作“本不应该(但却)”。You oughtnt to have talked to your mother like that.你本不该那样对你母亲说话的。wouldhave done表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不含责备之意。I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill

15、.我本来要早点给你写信的，但我生病了。(实际没写)had betterhave done用于事后的建议，含有轻微责备的口吻，意思是“当时最好做了某事”，其否定形式为had better not have done.We had better have followed his advice.我们当时最好听取他的建议。would ratherhave done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定形式为would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”的意思。I was angry with her,but now I would rather not have d

16、one that.我曾很生她的气，但现在我希望没有那样做。即学即用语法填空(1)They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.答案：should考查情态动词。should have done意为“本该做某事(但实际上未做)”，符合句意。句意：他们本该在午饭的时候到达，但是他们的航班延误了。(2)I_(go)through that bitter period without your generous help.答案：couldnt have gone考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你们慷慨相助，我不可能度过那段艰辛的岁月

17、。表达与过去事实相反的虚拟时，主句常用“would/could/should/mighthave done”。(3)We_(put)Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.答案：would have put考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是因为约翰最近受伤的缘故，我们昨天就把他的名字写在参赛名单上了。根据句意及but for(倘若没有，要不是)可知，这里考查针对 过 去 的 虚 拟，所 以 主 句 谓 语 部 分 要 由would/could/might/shouldhave done的形式构成。(4)I left

18、 my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone_(steal)it.答案：might have stolen考查情态动词。根据语境可知，手提包失而复得。这里是猜测，但并不确定，意为“这个手提包可能会被偷”。might的可能性小。(5)I _ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.答案：shouldnt考查情态动词。shouldnt ha

19、ve done“本不应该做某事而做了”，表示与过去事实相反，符合句意。句意为：我本不应该去看那部电影这会让我做可怕的梦。(6)Jack described his father,who _(be)a brave boy many years ago,as a strongwilled man.答案：must have been考查情态动词。句中包含一个关系代词who引导的非限制性定语从句，由定语从句中的时间状语many years ago可知，此处应是对过去发生动作的肯定的推测，故用“must have done”结构，理解为“(过去)一定”。(7)Mark _ have hurried.Af

20、ter driving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.答案：neednt考查情态动词。句意：马克本没必要那么匆忙的。在高速行车后，他早到了半小时。neednt have done“本没有必要做，但实际上做了”。(8)“You _ have a wrong number，”she said.“Theres no one of that name here.”答案：must考查情态动词的推测性用法。根据题中“Theres no one of that name here.”可知，说话人肯定地推断出对方拨错了号码，表示非常有把握的推测要用mus

21、t。(9)Sorry,Professor Smith.I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh,you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.答案：should根据上文的“我昨天没有完成任务”和下文的“因为昨天是最后期限”判断，此处含有责备的意思，所以用should have done，表示“该做的事情而没有做”。(10)(浙江高考改编)Had they known what was coming next,they _(have)second thoughts.答案：might have had本

22、题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们知道然后会发生什么事情的话，他们就会三思了。根据从句的时态可知，本题是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用过去完成时态，主句用should/could/might/wouldhave done结构。(11)(江苏高考改编)Happy birthday!Thank you!Its the best present I _(wish)for.答案：could have wished考查情态动词。句意：祝你生日快乐！谢谢！这是我能想到的最好的礼物。could have done能够做某事；should have done本该做但未做；must have done过去肯定做了

23、；may have done或许做了。基 础 巩 固.单词拼写1She _(适应)herself quickly to the new climate.2Many beautiful fish are fast _(消失)because of the severe pollution.3 Zoos can help people to stop animals from going_(灭绝)4Many scientists think that birds probably _(进化)from reptiles.5We checked in and went_(直接)to a big hall

24、 to wait for our flight to be called.答案：1.adapted2.disappearing3.extinct4.evolved5.straight.根据所给汉语提示完成句子，每空一词1_ _ _(可能)something wrong with my bike.2_ _ _(据说)a big earthquake happened in Italy.3If you can _ _(适应)something,you can change in order to make the situation better.4Perhaps too much fightin

25、g caused the species to _ _(灭绝)5Your investigation has _ _ _(阐明)this question.答案：1.There may be2.Its said that3.adapt to4.die out5.thrown light on.用may,might,may have,might have及所给动词的适应形式填空1Scientists say it _(be)five or six years before it is possible to test this medicine on patients.2John _(phone

26、)tonight.I dont want to go out in case he phones.3 Jane walked away from the discussion yesterday.Otherwise,she _(say)something she would regret later.4People _(have)different opinions about Helen，but I admire her.After all,she is a great musician.5Are you going to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I _(go)to

27、the concert instead.6He _(know)the truth;otherwise he wouldnt be so angry now.7Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?Sorry，I am not sure.But it _(be)答案：1.may be2.may phone3.might have said4.may have5.might go6.might have known7.might be.语法填空1Now some animals are in danger of_(die out)

28、答案：dying out句意：现在一些动物面临灭绝的危险。die out意为“灭绝”，由句意可知有ving形式。2Its no use just telling me to do it;give me some _(积极的)advice as to how to do it.答案：positive句意：只告诉我去做这件事没有用，关于如何做这件事，给我点建设性的建议吧。positive意为“正面的，积极的，建设性的”，符合句意。3Believe it or not,Mike,I was chosen as an exchange student to Canada.Congratulations

29、！Thats quite_.答案：something句意：Mike，信不信由你，我被选作去加拿大的交换生了。祝贺！真是件了不起的事情。something意为“了不起的人或事”，符合题意。4 How do you react_ this modern artists paintings?I like every painting of his.答案：to句意：你对这位现代艺术家的画有何评价？我喜欢他的每一幅画。react to意为“对作出反应”符合句意。5Mr.Wang was caught in a snowstorm yesterday.I know that，and _(fortunate

30、)his new car was completely destroyed.答案：unfortunately句意：王先生昨天遇上暴风雪了。我 知 道，并 且 很 不 幸，他 的 新 车 完 全 被 毁 了。unfortunately意为“不幸地”，符合句意。6You mustnt do that matter.It will ruin your_。答案：reputation句意：你决不要做那件事，它会毁了你的名声。reputation意为“名声，名誉”，符合句意。7 Its agreed that the traffic accident was largely due_ the driver

31、s carelessness.答案：to句意：人们都认为这次交通事故很大程度上是因为司机的粗心。due to意为“由于”，表示原因，符合句意。8Ill come_to the pointI dont agree with what you ve said.答案：straight句意：我要开门见山地说，我不同意你说的话。come straight to the point是固定词组，意为“谈正题；开门见山”。9Look!The black clouds are gathering,which _(indicate)that it will rain soon.答案：indicates句意：看！乌云正在聚集，这表明天快下雨了。indicate意为“暗示，表明”，此处which指代前面的句子，且在定语从句中作主语，因此谓语动词用单数。10Please keep calm and the police will _ light on the cause of the fire.答案：throw句意：请保持冷静，警方会弄清火灾的起因的。throw light on是固定词组，意为“帮助弄清楚”。课后强化作业（点此链接）