2021_2022版高中英语Unit1GreatscientistsUsingLanguage素养评价检测含解析新人教版必修5202103091226.doc

1、课时素养评价三Unit 1Using Language. 单句语法填空1. He came to the conclusion (conclude) that the machine was out of order. 2. Mike found a challenging (challenge) job as a computer programmer. 3. He was completely absorbed (absorb)in reading and forgot even to take his meal. 4. It is probably the most polluted (

2、pollute) body of water in the world. 5. She made her announcement(announce)after talks with the president. 6. Please note the enclosed instructions(instruct). 7. The local government raised large sums for highway construction (construct). 8. They actually monitor the movement (move) of the fish goin

3、g up river. 9. The physician is a very cautious (caution) man. 10. I am very enthusiastic (enthusiasm), and I like to make friends and chat with friends. . 选词填空contribute. . . to. . . ; with caution; make sense; be strict with; under construction; apart from; be enthusiastic about1. My father contri

4、buted a lot of books to the Hope Project. 2. If you are a teacher, you should be strict with every student. 3. Apart from their house in London, they also have a villa in Spain. 4. Though too old to work much, the retired worker is enthusiastic about neighborhood affairs. 5. Most of the factories un

5、der construction have been designed by Chinese engineers. 6. It makes sense to take care of your health, for it is the most important. 7. The old man stepped down the stairs with caution. . 完成句子1. Only if you study hard will you pass the final examination. 只有努力学习, 你才能通过期末考试。2. He lay on the grass wi

6、th his eyes looking at the sky. 他躺在草地上, 仰望天空。3. There is no doubt that you will be helped by others if you have any difficulties. 毫无疑问, 如果你有困难的话, 大家也会帮助你的。4. The reason why he did not attend the meeting yesterday was that he was ill. 昨天他没有参加会议的原因是他生病了。5. It was announced that the Prime Minister woul

7、d speak on television that evening. 据通告, 首相将于当晚发表电视讲话。. 阅读理解A(2020安庆高二检测)Famous ScientistsScientific discoveries over the centuries have helped shape the way we live today. Without pioneering scientists working towards cures for diseases, new inventions, and better ways to do things, life today woul

8、d be different. Here are some of the most famous scientists, who have made important contributions to our everyday lives. HippocratesNationality: GreekKnown for: Father of MedicineHe was credited with writing the Hippocratic Oath that todays medical professionals still follow in their practice. He h

9、ad the theory of the vapors, which stated that many diseases were the result of a bad diet. AristotleNationality: GreekKnown for: Theory of Three Psyches, Scientific MethodHe wrote about many scientific topics, including biology, physics and zoology. His ideas helped shape western scientific thought

10、s into the Renaissance until they were replaced with Newtonian physics. ArchimedesNationality: GreekKnown for: Archimedes Principle, Archimedes ScrewHe was an astronomer, a scientist, and a physicist with several inventions to his name. He created a formula (公式) to calculate the area of the undersid

11、e of a parabola (抛物线). He also designed many ancient machines. GalenNationality: RomanKnown for: Father of MedicineGalen was best known as Galen of Pergamon. He was a famous philosopher and surgeon among the Romans. His work contributed greatly to the knowledge of pharmacology (药物学), logic and philo

12、sophy. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。介绍了对人类科学做出了重大贡献的四位著名的科学家。1. Which Greek scientist contributed much to medicine? A. Galen. B. Aristotle. C. Archimedes. D. Hippocrates. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据对科学家Hippocrates的介绍中“Nationality: Greek”和“Known for: Father of Medicine”可知, 希腊科学家Hippocrates被称为医学之父。所以, 他对医学的贡献非常大。2. What was Aris

13、totles achievement? A. He influenced western scientific thoughts. B. He designed lots of ancient machines. C. He invented many chemicals. D. He produced the theory of the vapors. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据对科学家Aristotle的介绍中“His ideas helped shape western scientific thoughts into the Renaissance until they were

14、replaced with Newtonian physics. ”可知, Aristotle的思想帮助西方科学思想进入了文艺复兴时期, 直到它们被牛顿物理学所取代。此处shape 作动词, 意为“影响, 塑造”, 与influence同义。3. What did these scientists have in common? A. Having good luck in the field of science. B. Making important contributions to science. C. Writing many poems about science. D. Exp

15、eriencing many difficulties. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段“Here are some of the most famous scientists, who have made important contributions to our everyday lives. ”可知, 这里有一些最著名的科学家, 他们对我们的日常生活做出了重要的贡献。接下来文章介绍了四位科学家在不同领域的贡献, 因此他们的共同点是: 他们都对科学做出了重要贡献。B(2020郑州高二检测)In science, a theory is a reasonable explanatio

16、n of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular (分子运动) theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles (微

17、粒) that are in constant motion. A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists predictions, the theo

18、ry is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected. Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as colle

19、cting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a hous

20、e. ”Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated

21、 (制定). These possible solutions are called hypotheses (假设). In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientists thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, furth

22、er investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated (合并) into theories. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了什么是科学理论以及如何获得科学理论。4. What will a useful theory helps scientists to do according to paragraph 2? A. Observe events. B. Make predictions. C. Publicize new findings.

23、D. Find errors in past experiments. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的“A useful theory . . . helps to predict events”可知, 有用的理论能够帮助科学家预测。5. Which of the following statements is true according to paragraphs 3 and 4? A. Science is more than a collection of facts. B. Hypotheses are made before an observed event. C. Hy

24、potheses are facts that are not proven to be true. D. A scientists most difficult task is collecting information. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的“but a collection of facts cannot be called science”可知, 科学并不简单地等同于收集事实。6. According to the last paragraph a major function of hypotheses is _. A. confirming known fact

25、sB. linking together different theoriesC. providing direction for scientific researchD. communicating a scientists thoughts to others【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句的“For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. ”可知, 假设的主要功能是为科学研究提供方向。7. What may be the best title of this passa

26、ge? A. HypothesesB. ObservationsC. Scientific TheoriesD. Creative Thinking【解析】选C。主旨大意题。纵观全文结构, 从首段的“In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. ”到后几段作者论述“A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, . . . In a way, any hypothesis is a leap i

27、nto the unknown. ”可知, 在某种程度上, 任何假设都是对未知的一次飞跃。所以全文都在围绕“科学理论”这个主题展开解释说明。故选C。. 完形填空Can you imagine being able to remember every single experience of your life and every word in your favorite book? Thats 1 Beckys life is like. Three years ago, Becky was reading a newspaper article which mentioned that i

28、t was 2 for people to 3 the details of their life in the first three years. “What 4! ” she thought, because she could 5 remember her life all the way back to when she was just 12 days old. Her parents had carried her to the drivers seat of their car and 6 her down for a photo. But it wasnt nonsense.

29、 She was just one of only 80 known people 7 a mysterious condition called HSAM. Beckys unusual 8 was shown on a program called 60 Minutes, where reporter Allison 9 her ability by asking her about her favorite book series, Harry Potter. Allison would pick up a 10 and open a page and read her a line.

30、11 Becky would name the book, chapter number, chapter name and could recite every word 12 Allison told her to stop. Being able to remember every little 13 is great, but as every HSAM sufferer will tell you, its also 14 to deal with it. We always 15 things to get over sad experiences in our lives, bu

31、t its something that people like Becky cant do. Even walking on the street and lightly 16 somebody can bring back 17 memories from Beckys childhood. Also, like Becky, people with HSAM 18 do well in school, because they have problems picking up the important information from what theyve learnt. Becky

32、s great brain could help scientists find a 19 for terrible mental illnesses like Alzheimer. Her condition could hold the secret to treating or even 20 Alzheimer. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了拥有超忆症的Becky的生活, 她能够记住每一个细节, 但能记住每一个细节也会让她的生活非常困扰, 会让她回忆起很多不好的事情。但超忆症可以帮助科学家找到治疗阿尔茨海默症的一些方法。1. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. w

33、here【解析】选A。句意: 这就是Becky生活的样子。分析句子可知, is后接表语从句, 表语从句中缺少宾语成分, 因此需使用what作like的宾语。故选A。2. A. possibleB. impossibleC. necessaryD. important【解析】选B。句意: 三年前, Becky在读报纸时看到人们不可能记住自己三岁前的所有细节。根据后文可知, Becky认为报纸在乱说, 因为她自己就可以清楚地记得她三岁前的每一件事, 而对于大多数人来讲是不可能记住的。故选B。3. A. forgetB. thinkC. imagineD. remember【解析】选D。根据后文可知

34、, Becky自己就可以清楚地记得她三岁前的每一件事。故选D。4. A. funB. interestC. meaningD. nonsense【解析】选D。句意: 真是胡说! 根据后文可知, Becky自己就可以清楚地记得她三岁前的每一件事, 说明Becky认为报纸在胡乱报道。且第三段第一句“But it wasnt nonsense”有相应的提示。fun搞笑的; interest有趣的; meaning有意义的; nonsense荒谬的。故选D。5. A. clearlyB. naturallyC. hardlyD. surprisingly【解析】选A。句意: 因为她可以清楚地记得她从1

35、2天大到现在所有的事情。Becky看到报纸说人们不可能记得自己三岁前的所有事, 第二段最后一句提到“Her parents had carried her to the drivers seat . . . her down for a photo”Becky还记得她的父母带她照的照片这一些细节的事情, 说明她记得很清楚。故选A。6. A. knockedB. placedC. layD. pulled【解析】选B。句意: 她的父母把她带到驾驶位并把她放下照了一张照片。knock敲击, 敲打; place放置; lie躺; pull拉。根据句意, 应该是将她放在座位上, place down意

36、为“放下”。故选B。7. A. going throughB. getting overC. suffering fromD. bringing back【解析】选C。 句意: 她只是80名已知患有一种叫作HSAM神秘疾病的人之一。根据第四段提到, Becky无法忘记生活中让她觉得难受的事, 可知这对于她而言就是一种折磨。go through通过, 忍受; get over恢复, 克服, 原谅; suffer from忍受, 遭受; bring back使回忆起来, 使恢复。故选C。8. A. thingB. matterC. problemD. case【解析】选D。考查名词。句意: Bec

37、ky这一不寻常的案例在一个叫作60分钟的节目中展示出来了。第三段第二句提到, 像Becky这样的情况只有80例, 并且可以根据她这样的情况来研究阿尔茨海默症。thing事情; matter问题; problem难题; case案例。故选D。9. A. testedB. recognized C. knewD. proved【解析】选A 。句意: 主持人Allison 通过询问她最喜欢的哈利波特系列小说来测试她的能力。该段提到Allison随便选择了一本书并给Becky随便读一句话, 由此可见Allison也不相信Becky的能力, 需要通过这样的方式来测试真假。test测试; recogniz

38、e认识; know认识; prove证明。故选A。10. A. filmB. bookC. magazineD. chapter【解析】选B。句意: Allison随便选了一本书, 随便打开一页, 随便读了一句话给她。根据前文可知, Harry Potter是系列小说, 因此是随便选择了一本书。故选B。11. A. ProbablyB. SlowlyC. ImmediatelyD. Gradually【解析】选C。句意: Becky立刻就能说出是哪一本书、章节数、章节名称, 并且可以重复出每一个词, 直到Allison叫她停下来。根据文章可知, Becky有着超强的记忆力, 因此可以快速地复述

39、出来。probably很有可能地; slowly缓慢地; immediately立刻地; gradually逐渐地。 故选C。12. A. whenB. ifC. unlessD. until【解析】选D。分析句子可知, 句子(主句)的谓语动词是延续性动词(即动作可以延续一段时间的动词), 表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。故选D。13. A. detailB. informationC. messageD. moment【解析】选A。句意: 能记住每一个小细节是非常好的。根据第四段“Even walking on the street and lightly. . . memor

40、ies from Beckys childhood. ”可知, Becky走在街上随便看到一个人都能让她想起小时候的回忆, 说明细节能让人产生回忆。故选A。14. A. freshB. greatC. toughD. easy【解析】选C。分析文章可知, but是具有转折含义的连词, 因此需选择与great意思相反的形容词。同时根据第四段“Even walking on the street and lightly. . . memories from Beckys childhood. ”可知, Becky走在街上随便看到一个人都能让她想起小时候的回忆, 这对于Becky而言是非常痛苦的,

41、而且Becky无法忘记让她难过的回忆。故选C。15. A. rejectB. forgetC. mentionD. discover【解析】选B。句意: 我们通常会通过遗忘来熬过生命中难过的经历。该段提到“but its something that people like Becky cant do”像Becky这样的人是无法做到的, 因为Becky能够记得她生命中的每一件事, 说明她无法忘记, 故选B。16. A. knocking atB. talking withC. knocking intoD. coming across【解析】选C。句意: 即使走在大街上, 轻轻地撞到某人都会唤

42、起Becky童年时不好的记忆。knock at敲门; talk with和交谈; knock into 撞上; come across偶遇。在街上走很有可能撞到别人。故选C。17. A. happyB. wonderfulC. rapidD. bad【解析】选D。第四段提到患有HSAM的Becky能记住每一个小细节, 而且她不能通过遗忘来摆脱伤心的记忆, 这对于她是非常痛苦的。故选D。18. A. neverB. everC. alwaysD. often【解析】选A。句意: 此外, 像Becky一样的HSAM患者在学校的表现不好, 因为他们很难提取学习重点。分析句子可知, because引导

43、原因状语从句, 解释说明了HSAM患者在学校表现不好的原因。never从不; ever曾经; always总是; often经常。故选A。19. A. wayB. cureC. solutionD. suggestion【解析】选B。句意: Becky强大的大脑可以帮助科学家发现阿尔茨海默症等精神疾病的治疗方法。分析句子可知, 阿尔茨海默症的症状是记忆力衰退, 科学家正好可以通过Becky的案例找出治疗方法。way方式; cure治疗方法; solution解决手段; suggestion建议。故选B。20. A. suspendingB. researchingC. preventingD.

44、 studying【解析】选C。句意: 她的情况可能蕴含着治疗或预防阿尔茨海默症的秘密。分析文章可知, Becky的情况可以帮助科学家对阿尔茨海默症进行研究, 只要研究出治疗方法就可以防止人们患上阿尔茨海默症。suspend暂停; research研究; prevent预防; study学习。故选C。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并

45、在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2020成都高二检测)Everyone has a dream. So do me. When I grow up, its my dream to be a scientist. As the matter of fact, being a scientist had been one of my dreams since my childhood because scientists are the most knowledgeable and selfless i

46、n my mind. They devote themselves to help work out difficult problem in our life. They work hardly to help people in need, asking nothing in return. Science can push forward the development of the world, and Im sure I will make the world good if I can become a scientist. I know it will be no easy jo

47、b. Therefore, I believe my dream will be come true. 答案: 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己的梦想是当一位科学家。1. 【解析】第二句me I。考查代词。句意: 每个人都有梦想。我也一样。用so表某人某物“也”时用部分倒装, 即so+助动词+主语, 此时人称代词作主语仍使用主格, 不用宾格。故将me改为I。2. 【解析】第四句第一个the a。考查固定短语。句意: 事实上自童年开始, 当一位科学家就是我的梦想之一。as a matter of fact意为“事实上”, 固定短语。故将第一个the改为a。3. 【解析】第四句hadh

48、as。考查时态。句意: 事实上自童年开始, 当一位科学家就是我的梦想之一。分析句意可知, “当科学家”成为作者的梦想这件事发生在过去, 但是一直持续到现在, 符合现在完成时的条件, 要用现在完成时。故将had改成has。4. 【解析】第五句helphelping。考查非谓语动词。句意: 他们致力于帮助我们解决生活中的难题。devote oneself to这一结构中, to是介词, 后接动词时要使用动词的现在分词形式。故将help改为helping。5. 【解析】第五句problem problems。考查名词。句意: 他们致力于帮助我们解决生活中的难题。分析句意可知, 解决的问题必定不止一个

49、, 要用可数名词的复数形式。故将problem改为problems。6. 【解析】第六句hardly hard。考查副词。句意: 他们辛勤工作帮助需要帮助的人, 却不求任何回报。hard和hardly都可以作副词, 但hard意为“艰难地, 辛苦地”, 而hardly意为“几乎不”, 这里要表达“努力工作”。故将hardly改为hard。7. 【解析】第六句asking和nothing中间加for。考查介词。句意: 他们辛勤工作帮助需要帮助的人, 却不求任何回报。根据句意这里是“不要求任何东西”, 而非“不问任何东西”, 要用ask for。故在asking和nothing之间加上for。8.

50、 【解析】第七句good better。考查形容词比较等级。句意: 我确定我如果成为了科学家, 会让这个世界变得更美好。分析句意可知, 这里作者要表达自己成为科学家从而使世界变得比现在更好, 要用比较级。故将good改为better。9. 【解析】第九句Therefore However。考查副词。句意: 但是我的梦想一定会实现的。前句指出要成为科学家不容易, 后句表示这个梦想将会实现, 显然逻辑关系是表转折的, 又因为but不能单独置于句首而however可以。故将Therefore改为However。10. 【解析】第九句去掉be。考查动词。句意: 但是我的梦想一定会实现的。这个句子的主语

51、和谓语不论从结构还是句意来看都是齐全的, 动词be在这里是多余的。故将be去掉。话题写作表达升级如何写一封劝说信(1)劝说信是以信件的方式表达自己的观点和立场, 并期待对方认同或接受。(2)劝说的理由要客观、真实、有说服力, 要重点突出、层次分明。假设你叫李华, 请给Nicolaus Copernicus写一封100词左右的信, 劝说他出版自己的理论著作, 这样可以让每个人都了解他的理论, 从而推动科学的发展。完成句子1. 某些恒星的亮度似乎在改变, 这也很奇怪。It is also strange that the brightness of some stars seems to chan

52、ge. 2. 如果发表您的新理论, 您将面临巨大的挑战。You will face a great challenge if you publish your new theory. 3. 如果人们没有勇气提出自己的观点, 科学就永远得不到进步。Science will never advance if people dont have the courage to put forward their ideas. 4. 不管人们怎么反对, 时间将会证明您的观点是正确的。No matter how people oppose it, time will prove that your idea

53、s are right. 句式升级5. 用副词strangely作状语改写1。Strangely, the brightness of some stars seems to change. 6. 用The challenge+定语从句+be+表语的形式改写2。The challenge you will face is great if you publish your new theory. Dear Nicolaus Copernicus, I am a student studying astronomy and I am dying to read your new theory a

54、bout the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons. The present theory doesnt make sense. On the one hand, the way the planets move is not what you have observed if the earth is the centre of the universe. On the other hand, strangely, the brightness of some stars seems to change.

55、 So the sun is the centre of the solar system. As we all know, your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Of course, the challenge you will face is great if you publish your new theory. However, science will never advance unless people have the courage to put forward the

56、ir ideas. No matter how people oppose it, I think, time will prove that your ideas are right. So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory. Yours sincerely, Li Hua1. 话题词汇(1)make sure确保(2)essential必要的(3)improve改善(4)have trouble in doing/with sth. 做某事有困难(5)take exercise锻炼(6)take/follow my advic

57、e接受我的建议(7)get into the habit of养成的习惯(8)change ones mind改变主意2. 话题句式(1)Im writing to tell you not to smoke any longer. 我写信告诉你不要再抽烟了。(2)Im sorry to hear that you have trouble in learning English. 听到你学英语有困难我很难过。(3)Now Im writing to give you some suggestions. 我现在写信是为了给你一些建议。(4)Im writing to persuade you

58、to change your mind. 我写信是为了劝说你改变主意。(5)Not only will you broaden your horizons, but you will promote your abilities. 你不仅能开阔眼界, 还能提升能力。(6)I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration and make a final decision. 我的确希望你能考虑我的建议, 并做出最终决定。(7)If I were you, I would apply for a scholarship. 如果我是你, 我会申请奖学金。(8)I hope you will find these suggestions useful. 我希望你会发现这些建议对你有用。