高一外研版英语必修4同步课件 MODULE 4 GREAT SCIENTISTS 第3课时 GRAMMAR.ppt

1、1award n.C奖；奖品；奖金；奖学金vt.授予；给予；判给；裁定She was awarded the first prize.她被授予了一等奖。The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire.法官判给在火灾中受伤的人一大笔钱。辨析：1)award与rewardreback“回”，故reward指某人因做了好事或有益的事而得到“回报”。a是ad(to)的变体，故award指give sth.to sb.。award后接双宾语：award sb.a medal授予某人奖章；reward不接双宾语：reward

2、 sb.for sth.因奖赏某人；reward sb.with 用酬劳某人2)prize,reward与award这三个词都有“奖品；奖金”的意思，但略有不同。prize,award指因成绩贡献而由政府或组织颁发的奖或奖金；而reward则指因给他人提供服务或帮助而得到的赏金。即学即用Martin Luther King was_the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for advocating nonviolence in the movement for civil rights.AawardedBrewardedCpaid Daccepted答案：A2equal

3、adj.1)相同的；相等的；同等的；同样的Cut the cake into 6 equal pieces.把蛋糕等分成六块。Mary is quite equal to Bill in brains.玛丽跟比尔一样聪明。2)(能力，力气)胜任的Bill is quite equal to(the job of)running the office.比尔的能力足以管理这个部门n.同等的人I am not Marys equal/the equal of Mary in beauty.我不及玛丽漂亮。He feels that they are his equals.他觉得他们和他地位相等。高考

4、直击(2008浙 江)Running a company is not_amatter of hiring people.They also need to be trained.Asimply BpartlyCseriously Dequally解析：考查副词。句意：开一家公司不是简单的雇人的事情，也需要培训这些人。simply“仅仅；简单的”；partly“部分地”；seriously“认真地；严重地”；equally“平等的；相等的”。答案：A即学即用They asked to be treated equal_other people in all ways.Aas BwithCto

5、Dlike答案：C3measure n.1)量度；量度器The rules is a foot measure.这尺是英尺量度器。2)(常复数measures)措施；办法If he refuses to pay I shall take measures against him.如果他拒绝付钱，我就会想办法对付他。v.1)度量(大小、长短等)2)仔细考虑(结果)She works hard and doesnt measure the cost to her health.她奋力工作置自己的健康于不顾。即学即用When his wish was realized,his joy knew no

6、_.Ameasures Bthe measureCmeasure Da measure答案：C4graduate v.1)大学毕业；获得学位Only thirty students graduated in Chinese last year.去年只有三十名学生获得了汉语学士学位。2)(from)毕业(尤指中学)Martha graduated from high school two years ago.马莎两年前高中毕业。3)逐渐发展(或变化、进展、上升)She recently graduated from being a dancer to having a small role in

7、 a movie.她最近从一个舞蹈演员逐步地过渡到电影里扮演小角色。知识拓展graduation n.毕业graduate from.从毕业辨析：finish与graduate1)finish是“完成；结束”之意，可指中学学业，也可指大学学业。When do you finish your college course?你什么时候大学毕业？2)graduate是“(大学)毕业”之意。He has just graduated from Oxford.他刚刚从牛津大学毕业。即学即用He will have learned English for eight years by the time h

8、e_from the university next year.Awill graduate Bwill have graduatedCgraduates Dis to graduate答案：C5case n.1)事例；病例2)特殊情况；事例；实情3)案件There are five cases of high fever.有5个发高烧的病人。Such being the case,you cant go away.既然情况如此，你就不能离开。What a difficult case I must have been to this young teacher!对于这位年轻的教师来说，我该是

9、个多么难教的学生啊！知识拓展in any case 无论如何；总之in case 万一；以防in case of 要是；如果；万一In any case,youll have to be at the station by nine.无论如何，你九点钟得到车站。In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.如遇大火，即按警铃。Take warm clothes in case that the weather is cold.带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。高考直击(2007天津)_fire,all exits must be kept clear.AIn place o

10、f BInstead ofCIn case of DIn spite of解析：考查介词短语的用法。句意为“万一发生火灾，所有的出口必须保持畅通无阻”。A项意为“代替”；B项意为“而不是；代替”；C项意为“万一；以防”；D项意为“尽管”。答案：C即学即用(2009厦 门 模 拟)It might rain tomorrow,_well have to put off the sports meeting until next week.Ain that case Bif possibleCin which case Din case答案：C1be known for 因为而著名；其后常跟表示人

11、或物的特点、特长等方面的词语。The islands are known for their hospitality.岛上的居民以好客闻名。知识拓展1)be known as意为“作为而著名；以而著称”，其后常跟表示身份、职业的名词。She was well known as an excellent dancer.她被称为一位杰出的舞蹈家。2)be known to意为“为某人所知”。The beggar is known to everybody in the neighbourhood.住在这个地区的人都知道这个乞丐。高考直击(2007全 国)Speaking of all the so

12、ngs he has written,I think this is probably his_one.AbetterknownBwellknownCbestknownDmostknown解 析：wellknown的 比 较 级 和 最 高 级 分 别 为betterknown和bestknown。根据句意比较范围是他写的所有的歌“all the songs”，判断应用最高级。答案：C即学即用Beijing is very known_the world_itsbeautiful scenery_an old and great city in China.Ato;as;for Bfor;to

13、;asCfor;as;to Dto;for;as答案：D2earn ones living 谋生He earned his living by teaching.他以教书谋生。知识拓展1)同义短语：make a(ones)living 谋生2)earn可以加双宾语earn sb.sth.“为某人赢得某物”3)earn moneymake money 挣钱(注意make money不是“造钱”)即学即用单句改错These peasants earn their livings by growing flowers._答案：livings改为living3come to(into)power(开始

14、)掌权；上台When did the labour government come into power?工党政府什么时候执政的？知识拓展1)同义短语：come into office 就职2)come inton.表示进入某种状态。注意记忆类似短语：come into notice 引起注意come into operation 开始工作/运转；生效come into service 投入使用3)take power 取得政权in power 当权；执政out of/beyond ones power 不能胜任；力所不及即学即用It has been eight years since Ge

15、orge.W.Bush_.Ahas come to power Bcame to powerChas been in power Din power答案：B1被动语态当谓语表示一个动作时，若主语是动作的执行者，谓语要用主动语态；若主语为动作的承受者，谓语就要用被动语态。试比较：We finished the work this morning.今天上午我们完成了这项工作。(主动语态)The work was finished(by us)this morning.这项工作今天上午(由我们)完成了。(被动语态)被动语态是由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。由助动词be来表示时态，由及物动词的

16、过去分词来表示语态。2被动语态的用法1)不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者时，一般都要使用被动语态。Your dictionary was found by the garden.你的词典在花园旁边找到了。2)以动作的承受者为谈话的中心(一般要接带by的介词短语)时，一般都要使用被动语态。His kite is being mended by Uncle Wang.他的风筝正在被王叔叔修理。3主动语态变为被动语态应注意的事项1)主动语态在变为被动语态时，时态要保持一致，但谓语用单数或复数则由变化后的主语的数来确定。They saw his daughter at the station.His

17、daughter was seen by them at the station.他们在车站看到了他女儿。2)不及物动词没有被动语态，常见的有come,go,fall,happen,last,arrive,die等。自1978年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。【误】My hometown has been taken place great changes since 1978.【正】Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1978.3)有些动词有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，其中一个宾语变为主语后，另一个宾语仍保留在谓语之后。Th

18、e old man was given only a piece of bread for supper.这位老人仅被给了一块面包当作晚饭。4)动词短语变为被动语态时，短语中的介词和副词不能省略。The young man was sent away last month.那个小伙子上个月被解雇了。5)feel,have,hear,make,see,watch,listen to等动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。这些动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式仍需带to(let通常不用于被动语态)。He is made to finish his homework tonight.他被强迫今晚做完作

19、业。4主动语态表示被动意义英语中，有许多句子的主动语态可以表示被动意义，这些主动句一般都用表示物的词作主语。常见的有以下几种情况：1)有许多动词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。The food tastes delicious.这食物尝起来味道很鲜美。2)及物动词need,want等词之后接动名词表示被动意义，它可以转化为表示被动的动词不定式结构。The rooms want tidying.The rooms want to be tid

20、ied.这些房间需要整理。3)有些形容词之后的不定式用主动语态也可以表示被动意义。The work is easy for me to do.这项工作对我来说很容易做。4)当动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，其主动形式表示被动意义。I have some questions to ask.我有一些问题要问。5)在“疑问词what/which/whom不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I really dont know what to do next.我真的不知道下一步该干什么。She will tell you which to choose.她将告诉你选哪

21、个。6)有些动词的主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词是一些表示主语的特征、性质的不及物动词，如sell,wash,wear,shut,open,read,write,cut,end,begin等。连系动词look,feel,taste,smell,sound等，也是用主动形式表示被动意义，但后面要接形容词作表语，不能接副词。The cloth looks good and washes well.这种布料美观易洗。5有些动词形式上是被动的，但含义却是主动的。He was dressed in a policemans clothes at that time.他当时穿着警服。He was drun

22、k at the dinner party.他在宴会上喝醉了。The girl was lost in the forest.这女孩在森林中迷路了。My uncle has been engaged in the study of cotton growing for 20 years.我叔叔从事棉花生产研究已经20年了。The boy was seated on a chair.那男孩坐在一把椅子上。They are hidden behind the trees.他们藏在树后。The soldiers were stationed on the top of the mountain.士兵

23、们驻扎在了山顶上。bydoing的用法by.表示“以某种方式进行”，引导的成分作为方式状语。I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell,but she was fast asleep.我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。She earned money by writing.她通过写作赚钱。高考直击(1)(2010天津卷，10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjinlike paper cutting_at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Exp

24、o.Aare exhibiting Bis exhibitingCare being exhibited Dis being exhibited解析：句意：像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。考查了现在进行时的被动语态。艺术品是被展出，且主语为复数arts，故C项正确。答案：C(2)(2010福建卷，28)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _before leaving their hometowns.Apromised Bwere prom

25、isedChave promised Dhave been promised解析：考查时态与语态。由every year这一时间状语确定了需用现在时态，排除A、B两项；jobs后紧跟了定语从句，they指代前文中的farmers，与promise构成逻辑关系，由此可知D项正确。答案：D(3)(2010北京卷，22)In the spoken English of some areas in the US.the“r”sounds at the end of the words_.Aare dropped BdropCare being dropped Dhave dropped解析：句意：在美

26、国一些地区的口语中，单词最后的“r”音被省略了。此题考查被动语态的用法，故BD两项首先被排除，又因为整个语境表示的是一般现在时态，故C项错误。答案：A(4)(2010湖 南 卷，24)This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.Awas named BnamedCis named Dnames解析：句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。考查一般过去时的被语态。该地区是被命名，且时间状语为last year，故A项正确。答案：A(5)(2010陕西卷，24)It is reported that many a n

27、ew house_at present in the disaster area.Aare being built Bwere being builtCwas being built Dis being built解析：句意：据报导，现在许多新房屋正在灾区兴建。由at present 可知本句要用现在进行时态，而当“many a可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，尽管含有复数意义。答案：D(6)(2010全 国 卷，15)Linda,make sure the tables_before the guests arrive.Abe set BsetCare set Dare setting解析：句意：林达，你要确保客人到来之前摆好餐桌。考查被动语态。餐桌应该是被放好。答案：C(7)(2010江西卷，32)There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Dbeing discovered解析：句意：在那儿有许多有才华的演员等着被发现。to be discovered为不定式作目的状语。答案：B