高一外研版英语必修4同步课件 MODULE 6 UNEXPLAINED MYSTERIES OF THE NATURE WORLD 第3课时 GRAMMAR.ppt

1、1adapt v.1)(使)适应；(使)适合He adapted himself to cold weather.他适应了寒冷的天气。2)改编；改装Here is a letter adapted from“DearAbby”，Philadephia Bulletin,on March 9,1973.这里摘登一封“亲爱的爱华”的回信，刊登在1973年3月9日的费城公报上。知识拓展adapt for 使适合于；为改编(改写)adapt from 根据改写(改编)adapt sth.to 使某事物适应或适合adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事注意：该词的词形与adopt vt.

2、“采用；收养”和adept adj.“内行的；熟练的”较为相似，要注意区分它们。高考直击(2009浙江)The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.AadaptBappealCattach Dapply解析：考查动词词义辨析。adapt“适应”；appeal“吸引；呼吁”；attach“吸附”；apply“申请”。句意：孩子有个好处就是他们很容易适应新的环境。故选A。答案：A即学即用When they came to a new country;they found it diffic

3、ult to_themselves to new circumstances.Aapply BacceptCadmit Dadapt答案：D2evolve v.发展；进化；演变助记evolveHe has evolved his own writing style.他已形成了自己的写作风格。The small company has evolved into a big international firm.这家小公司已发展成为一家大型的跨国公司。即学即用Some people believe that we_from the apes.Aevolved BcameCinvolved Devo

4、lution答案：A1be related(to)和有联系；和有关系；有亲属关系Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与滥用毒品有关。Are you related to Mary?你与玛丽是亲戚吗？知识拓展1)relate v.联系；使有联系；把联系在一起；叙述I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。2)relate to涉及；与相关；理解并同情；了解We should discuss the

5、problem as it relates to our specific case.我们应当针对我们的具体情况来讨论这个问题。The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.第二段谈到苏格兰的形势。Many adults cant relate to children.许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。3)(派)related adj.有关的；联系的relatedness n.有关relationship n.关系；关联relation n.联系；关联；关系relativity n.相对性relative adj.有关联的；有关

6、系的即学即用The matter_yourstudy surely requires_carefully.Arelating to;dealing withBrelated to;dealt withCrelated to;being dealt withDrelating to;having dealt with答案：A2die out1)(指宗族、物种)灭绝；灭亡This kind of bird is dying out.这种鸟正在濒临灭绝。2)(习俗等)渐渐消失Many old customs are gradually dying out.许多旧习俗正在日渐消失。知识拓展die aw

7、ay 逐渐停止；逐渐消失die off 相继死去die down 逐渐减弱；逐渐模糊；平息；平静die of.因而死(因疾病，饥寒，情感等而死)die from.因而死(因外因而死)即学即用The moths habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly_.Adied away Bdied downCdied out Ddied from答案：Cmay/mighthave过去分词：表示对过去发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，即说话人认为过去某事发生的可能性或某状态存在的可能性。可用于肯定句(意思是“可能已经”)和否定句(意思是“可能没有”)；m

8、ight的语气没有may那么肯定。He may not have finished the work.他可能还没有完成那项工作。He might not have got your letter.他或许没有收到你的来信。How quickly time passed!It might have happened yesterday.时间过得好快啊！这事好像就发生在昨天。但有时might可用来表示过去可能发生而没发生的事情。You were so careless that day.You might have made a bad mistake.那天你太粗心了，你有可能会犯错误的。(事实上并

9、没有犯错误)知识拓展其他“情态动词have过去分词”的用法1)“musthave过去分词”表示对过去的某事做出的肯定判断。The ground is wet.It must have rained last night.地面很湿，昨天晚上一定下雨了。2)“can/couldhave过去分词”表示对过去某种行为或存在的状态进行否定推测。can常用于否定句(意思是“不可能已经”)和疑问句；could除用于否定句及疑问句外，还可用于肯定句(意思是“那时可能；本来可以，但实际并未发生”。)Dont worrythey could have just forgotten to phone.别担心他们很可

10、能只是忘了打电话。He cannot have been to that town.他根本不可能去过那座城市。Can he have got the book?他会有那本书吗？The snowstorm was terrible that day.You could have lost your way.那天暴风雪是可怕的，你本可能会迷路的。(事实上你并没有迷路)3)“needhave过去分词”常用于否定句，表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情或过去做某事纯属多余，含有“根本不必；本来不必”之意，也可用于疑问句。You neednt have told them that.你没有必要告诉他们那个

11、。Need they have done it last week?他们上周做这事有必要吗？4)“should/ought tohave过去分词”的肯定式表示“过去本应做某事(但实际上却没做)”；其否定表示“过去不该做某事(但却做了)”。含有不满或责备之意。You should(ought to)have asked for my permission.你本应征求我的同意。(事实上，你并没有请求我准许)You shouldnt(oughtnt to)have kept the books in the damp place.你本不应该把那些书放在潮湿的地方。(实际上已放潮湿的地方了。)5)“w

12、ouldhave过去分词”表示过去本来要做某事却因某种原因未做，通常用来说明某种情况，但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill.我本来要早点给你写信的，但我生病了。高考直击(1)(2008重庆)I cant find my purse anywhere.You_have lost it while shopping.Amay BcanCshould Dwould解析：本题主要考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。句意为：“我到处都找不到钱包”。“你也许在购物时把它丢了”。肯定

13、句中对过去情况的推测应用may/might have done而can/should have done多表对过去能/该做而未做的事情的一种责备或不满，would have done表推测时多用于否定句中或表示“当时就做了”。答案：A(2)(2008天 津)She_have left school,for her bike is still here.Acant BwouldntCshouldnt Dneednt解析：考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：她一定还没有离校，她的自行车还在。can用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真实。其它三项都不表推测。答案：A(3)(2008江西)What a pity.

14、Considering his ability and experience,he_better.Aneed have done Bmust have doneCcan have done Dmight have done解析：考查情态动词与虚拟语气。what a pity表明了一种遗憾的语气。句意为“太可惜了！就能力和经验而言，他应该/或许/一定会做得更好些的。”A明显不正确：B项与上文矛盾，C项中表达虚拟语气应把can改为could，表示对过去的事情进行推测；只有D项might表示对过去的事情的肯定的推测，意为“或许”。答案：D(4)(2010山 东 卷，25)I_have watched

15、 that movieitll give me horrible dreams.Ashouldnt BneedntCcouldnt Dmustnt解析：句意：我不该看那部电影的，那会让我做噩梦。考 查 情 态 动 词。shouldnt“不 应 该”；neednt“不 必”；couldnt“不可能”；mustnt不与have done连用。答案：A(5)(2008江苏)She looks very happy.She_have passed the exam.I guess so.Its not difficult after all.Ashould BcouldCmust Dmight解析：对

16、过去事情的推测用must have done.答案：C(6)(2010天津卷，9)Mark_have hurried.Afterdriving at top speed,he arrived half an hour early.Aneednt BwouldntCmustnt Dcouldnt解析：句意：迈克没有必要急急忙忙。高速行驶之后，他提前半小时到达了。neednt have done表示“本不必干某事而干了”；wouldnt have done表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；must have done表示对过去事实的肯定推测，此结构不能用于否定式；couldnt have done表示对过去事实的否定推测。根据句意A项正确。答案：A(7)(2010安 徽 卷，32)Jack described his father,who_abrave boy many years ago,as a strongwilled man.Awould be Bwould have beenCmust be Dmust have been解析：句意：杰克把多年以前是个勇敢男孩的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人。表示对过去情况的推测，要用must have done结构，故选D。答案：D