2021届高考英语二轮语法复习学案：非谓语动词 专题考点汇总.doc

1、非谓语动词专题考点汇总&专项训练【考情分析】*改错1.谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用；2过去分词与现在分词的错用；3不定式符号to的多余或缺失；4to是介词还是不定式符号的误判。示例：1.The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “TurningTurn left！”2When summer comes，they will invite their students 加上to pick the fresh vegetables!3We can choose between staying at home and

2、 taketaking a trip. *语法填空1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能(状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等)；2考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。1.Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.2But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting(rest)3Skilled w

3、orkers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create(create) special designs.【语法剖析】*考点一非谓语动词的形式及意义非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生不定式进行式to be doing表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been done表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本

4、上同时发生现在分词/动名词完成式having donehaving been done表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词一般式done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。Many Chinese brands，having developed their reputations over centuries，are facing new challeng

5、es from the modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉，它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。示例：单句语法填空1Having worked(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.2Henry cant attend the party being held(hold) at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party to be held(hold) at Maries hou

6、se tomorrow.3The engine just wont start.Something seems to have gone(go)wrong with it. *考点二非谓语动词作主语&表语1动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time doing.；Its no use/good doing.；It is useless doing.；There is no doing.等中。Facing up to your problems rather than

7、 running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My job is cleaning the house three times a week(Cleaning the house three times a week is my job)我的工作是每星期打扫

8、三次房子。(3)remain作连系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待；留待”时，后常接to be done。She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。It remains to be seen whether the newlyformed committees policy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。易错提示不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单

9、数，这是短文改错中常考的语法点。2不定式作主语和表语(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when its better to remain silent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。(2)不定式作表语时：表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim，purpose，idea，plan，wish，decision，choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。His wish is

10、 to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。示例：.单句语法填空Take care！Being exposed(expose) to frequent smog does great harm to your health.单句改错1My task is get the rest of us to finish the remaining part of the project.在ge

11、t前加to2Understanding your own needs and styles of communication are as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.areis *考点三非谓语动词作宾语1只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit，avoid，consider，escape(避开)，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。此外，have difficul

12、ty/trouble (in) doing sth.；have fun (in) doing sth.等句型中也用动名词作宾语。I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？2只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，expec

13、t，fail (未能)，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate，wait，happen (碰巧)等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。3接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室

14、之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。That would mean wasting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。Really？I dont mean to waste any labour.是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out?她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货呢？易错警示：(1)介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有

15、实义动词do，不定式要省略to。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn，decide，know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether，where，when，who 等。(3)动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。示例：.单句语法填空1Life isnt a match.Its a journey.If you spend that journ

16、ey always trying(try) to impress others，youre wasting your life.2Nervous and anxious，Jill failed to make(make) a good impression at the job interview.单句改错He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.knowingknow *考点四非谓语动词作宾补1分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动

17、词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help？听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find，leave，keep等。Back from his t

18、woyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。(3)with的复合结构为：with宾语doing表示主动说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with宾语done表示被动或完成；with宾语to do表示将要发生的动作。With such a short time left before the deadline，it doesnt seem likely that Joh

19、n will finish the job.截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of work to do，she wasnt allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。(4)使役动词have，get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：have sth.doneg

20、et sth.done让别人做某事；have sb./sth.doing让一直做某事；get sth./sb.doing 使开始做某事；have sb.do sth.get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed.在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。2不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，fo

21、rbid，force，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on等。If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Having finished her project，she was invited by the school to speak

22、 to the new students.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think，consider，believe，suppose，feel，find，understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。Chinese people are considered to be the most hardworking people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语

23、。He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。 *考点五非谓语动词作定语1分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形

24、式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。2不定式作定语(

25、1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way 等。And the best way to strengthen wil

26、lpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。(3)序数词，形容词最高级，the last，the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(4)当句子

27、的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。Have you got anything to buy?你有什么东西要买吗？(you是buy的执行者)I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought？我要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者)名师点津非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用

28、to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the skies.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important.

29、示例:单句语法填空1Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend)with his students.2The name “cheongsam” meaning(mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of Chinas Guangdong Province.3I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to cat

30、ch(catch) *考点六非谓语动词作状语1分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系；过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的船

31、员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师点津部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：located (坐落于)，lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。Absorbed in painting，John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。2不定式作状语(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order

32、 to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。(2)作原因状语，常用在“主语系动词形容词to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous，surprised，astonished，delighted，dis

33、appointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。(3)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果。常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做)；too.to do.(太而不能)；so/such.as to.(如此以至于)等。Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入

34、高空。易错警示：语法填空和短文改错中常考查 “主语be形容词不定式”结构，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。3独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致，但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子

35、分开。独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词分词；名词/代词不定式；with/without名词/代词分词/不定式。The test finished(When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。4独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from/by，taking everything into considera

36、tion，compared to/with，to be frank，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent，he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。To tell you the truth，I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。示例：.单句语法填空1Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save(save) th

37、eir valuable time.2The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.单句改错The national park has a large collection of wildlife，ranged from butterflies to elephants.rangedranging【技巧点拨】非谓语动词与语法填空非谓语动词与短文改错1.对非谓语动词类考题，解题时首先要通过句子结构判断所给提示词是否要用其非谓语动词。再通过分析

38、句子成分判断应使用哪种非谓语动词，如：作主语、宾语用动名词或不定式；作目的状语常用不定式，作伴随状语常用现在分词等。1.检查谓语动词后是否该有不定式符号to；2检查介词后的非谓语动词是否正确；3检查并列结构中非谓语动词形式是否一致；2确定要用非谓语动词后，再根据非谓语动词与被修饰词之间的主动、被动关系、动作发生的时间以及句意，判断出该使用何种非谓语动词形式。4检查作主语和宾语的非谓语动词形式是否合适；5检查分词作状语是主动还是被动。【综合训练】*单句改错1Although dancing helps to keep healthy，the longtime dancing and loud n

39、oise causing by the loudspeaker really brought inconvenience.2From then on，I devoted more time to play the piano because I firmly believe that practice makes perfect.3Watch the flag rising in the brilliant sun，we were quite excited and proud of our motherland.4Seeing them are working so hard on such

40、 a cold morning，I was moved and made up my mind to do something for them.5Since the director wants us settle the matter as soon as possible，we now have to work it out. *短文改错Last weekend we went camping in the mountains with our teacher，Anna.When we arrived，we made a camp fire first.Then，Anna taught

41、us to catch fish so that they could have more food to eat that night.I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up highly in the sky and the moon looked bright.We all sat around the fire，listening Annas stories about her childhood.She was born into a poor family or she wor

42、ked very hard to be successful.I was very touched that I couldnt sleep the whole night，and thinking about being a teacher in the future.When I get home，I spoke to my parents，“Everything was great about the camping.I want to be the teacher like Anna in the future.” *单句语法填空1I want this precious opport

43、unity very much (improve) my organizational ability.2Imagine (climb) up to the 80th floor of your office building without an elevator.3Nearly all the people (interview) believe confidence is the key to success. 4The problems (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow are really hard (solve)5 (remind) myself

44、of the past pleasant days，I have some related photos pinned beside my desk.6The student (absorb) in the games on the smart-phone during class did not notice his teacher behind him.7In the beauty competition，women are asked (perform) some of the exercises to the music.8China has strengthened security

45、 checks of government websites， (hope) to clean up those that are not up to standard by the end of 2017.9 (wait) for the bus for thirty minutes，he lost his patience and felt very anxious.10The volunteers are reminded of taking everything (belong) to them before leaving the hotel. *语篇语法填空It was about

46、 two in the morning when I returned home.I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell，but she was fast 1 (sleep)，so I got a ladder from the garden，put it against the wall，and began climbing 2 the bedroom window.I was almost there 3 a sarcastic (讽刺的) voice below said，“I dont think the windows n

47、eed 4 (clean) at this time of the night.” I looked down 5 (surprise) and nearly fell from the ladder when I saw a policeman.I immediately 6 (regret) answering in the way I did，but I said，“I enjoy cleaning 7 (window) at night.”“So do I，” answered he in the same tone.“Excuse 8 (I) for interrupting you

48、.I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working，but would you mind coming with me to the station？”“Well，Id prefer 9 (stay) here，” I said.“You see.I have forgotten my key.”Fortunately， 10 shouting woke up my wife and she opened the window.参考答案：*单句改错1. causingcaused2. playplaying3. WatchWatching4. 去掉

49、are5. 在settle前加to*短文改错Last weekend we went camping in the mountains with our teacher，Anna.When we arrived，we made a camp fire first.Then，Anna taught us to catch fish so that could have more food to eat that night.I liked the there because it was fresh and clean.Many stars were up in the sky and the

50、moon looked bright.We all sat around the fire，listening Annas stories about her childhood.She was born into a poor family she worked very hard to be successful.I was touched that I couldnt sleep the whole night, / about being a teacher in the future.When I home，I to my parents，“Everything was great

51、about the camping.I want to be teacher like Anna in the future.” *单句语法填空1) to improve2) climbing3) interviewed4) to be discussed；to solve5) To remind6) absorbed7) to perform8) hoping9) Having waited10) belonging*语篇语法填空1asleep2toward(s)/to3when4cleaning/to be cleaned5surprisingly6regretted7windows8me9to stay/staying10the