高中英语动词不定式考点归纳.ppt

1、不定式考点归纳要求用不定式作宾语的动词有:offer,learn,plan,agree,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,want,fail,pretend,seem,happen,hesitate等。一.考查不定式作宾语1.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met2.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.no

2、t to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not see3.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking二.考查不定式作定语动词不定式(短语)作定语时,与其所修饰的名词有以下几种关系。1)同位关系2)主谓关系3)动宾关系同位关系不定式所修饰的名词是抽象名词,不定式说明这个名词的内容。这类名词有:chance,way,right,need,decision,hope,wish,reason等e.g:

3、Then they talked about the way to improve it.He is looking for a chance to go abroad.His brother expressed his wish to become a doctor.The black people had no right to share freedom.主谓关系当被修饰的名词在逻辑上与不定式存在主谓关系,特别当其前有序数词、形容词最高级或 the only修饰时,常用不定式作定语。根据汉语填空:John Smith is (唯一知道秘密的人)The director is always

4、 (最后一个离开的人)Please take the best (治咳嗽的药)the only man to know the secret.the last to leave.medicine to cure your cough.动宾关系当被修饰的名词与不定式在逻辑上存在动宾关系时，常用不定式作定语，且不定式用主动形式表被动意义。不定式通常修饰have，give，want，need，find等动词的宾语。1)Please give me something.A.to eat B.to be eaten2)He has got a lot of questions.A.to be asked

5、 B.to ask3)When I handed the report to John，he said that George was the person.A.to send B.for sending C.to send it to D.for sending it to注:作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式须有相应的介词。如:1)He is looking for a room to live in.2)There is nothing to worry about.3)Please give me a knife to cut with.上面的不定式短语均可改成:“介词+which

6、 /whom不定式”结构。=He is looking for a room in which to live.=There is nothing about which to worry.=Please give me a knife with which to cut.1.The travel was so tired that he anxious to find a bed.A.to sleep B.to sleep on was C.to be slept on D.sleeping2.Without fact,we cannot form a worthwhile opinion,

7、for we need to have actual know-ledge our thinking.A.which to be based on B.upon which to base C.which to base upon D.to which to be based3.Id like to buy an expensive camera.-Well,Tom,we have several models.A.to choose B.to choose from C.for choose D.of choose 考查不定式作宾补使用不定式作宾补的动词有:ask，tell，allow，pe

8、rmit，force，invite，advise,persuade,warn,want,beg,cause,wait for,call on,long for等。使役动词和感官动词notice,listen to,hear,let,make,see,watch,observe 后接不定式作宾补,不定式符号to必须省去,但改成被动语态时,须保留to。1.Mr.Smith warned his daughter after singer drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive2.John wa

9、s made the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing3.Though he had often made his little sister,today he was made by his little sister.A.cry;to cry B.crying;crying C.cry;cry D.to cry;cry4.The girl was listened a Chinese song.A.to sing B.sing C.to to sing D.sang四.考查

10、不定式作状语1.作目的状语,可在不定式前加in order 或so as,其中so as不能位于句首。1)He studied hard enter college.A.so as to B.in order to C.to D.all above2)late for school,he got up early.A.So as not to be B.In order not to be C.In order to not be D.Dont be3)late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sl

11、eep D.Having slept4)-Mum,why do you always make me eat an egg every day?-enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be getting up2.作结果状语1)用“so+adj./adv.+as to do”结构来表达。He was so angry as to say such words.2)用“suchas to do”结构来表达。Im not such a fool as to believe y

12、ou.3)有时用“tooto”结构或“adj./adv.+enough to do”结构来表达。一句多译:他太小,不能上学。He is too young to go to school.He is not old enough to go to school.注:某些形容词在“tooto”结构中没有否定含义,而表示肯定含义。这类形容词有:anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised等。She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.4)不定式与only连

13、用,通常表示相反或出乎意料之外 的结果,而现在分词表示意料之中的结果。European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make They lifted a rock only _ it on their own feet.A.drop B.dropped C.dropping D.to drop五.考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法“疑问词+不定式”相当于一个名词,在句中作主语、宾语或表语等。这一结构常作 decide,f

14、orget,find out,know,learn,remember,teach,understand,wonder等的宾语。The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.what It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do it with C.what to d

15、o with it D.to do what with itIve worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expect When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.Has not decided D.have not decided六.考查不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有时态和语态变化,以动词为例,看下表:主动被

16、动意义一般式to doto be done与谓语同时发生或在其之后发生进行式to be doing_不定式动作正在进行完成式to have doneto have been done不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know which country he studied in.A.to study B.to have studied C.to be studying D.to have been studyingHaving a trip is certainly good for the old couple,but it

17、remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seenHe claimed(声称)_ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.being badly treated B.treating badly C.to be badly treated D.to have been badly treated-Did you see Tom?He said he would come back for supper at six ocl

18、ock.-He seems _ with Bob in the lake.A.to swim B.to be swimming C.to have swum D.swimming七.考查动词不定式的省略句中重复出现的不定式(短语)要省去,以避免重复,但要保留不定式符号to,to后如有助动词(be,have等)还要保留助词。The boy wanted to ride his bike in the street.But his mother told him.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to -Does your brother inte

19、nd to study German?-Yes,he intends.A./B.to C.so D.that -You should have thanked her before you left.-I meant,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so八.对“It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do”结构的考查该结构中的介词一般用for,但该结构中如有表示人的特征的形容词(如:foolish,silly,stupid,wise,clever,bright

20、,kind,careless,polite等)时则用of,其它形容词(如:necessary,important,possible等)说明不定式性质,其后用介词for。Its difficult for me to move such a big stone.Its naughty of you to say such words.九.不定式符号“to”的省略1)在cannot(help/choose)but之后一般必须接不带to的不定式,意为“不得不”。Its raining hard,I cannot help but _ at home.A.to say B.staying C.stay

21、 D.stayed2)在介词but,except等前若有实义动词do,其后常用不带to的不定式作宾语;若没有实义动词do,则用带to的不定式。Sandy could do nothing but _ that he was wrong.A.admit B.admitting C.admitted D.to admit3)两个不定式并列时,为了避免重复,后一个不定式的to一般省略。但两个不定式有对比之意时,则不可省to。Im really puzzled what to think or say.I came not to scold you,but to praise you.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make