高中英语语法——被动语态（30张PPT）.ppt

1、 GrammarThe passive voice被动语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：We speak English.主语谓语宾语English is spoken

2、by us.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。The task h

3、as been finished.任务已经完成了。结构：be+done(+by)The structure of the simple future voicebe going to do sth.be about to do sth.shall/will do sth.be to do sth.GrammarThe usage of the future passive voice将来时的被动语态1.We will discuss the problem at the meeting.The problem will be discussed at the meeting.2.I will

4、finish my homework in ten minutes.My.Homework will be finished in ten minutes.3.They will invite us to the party.We will/shall be invited to the party.将来时的被动语态的基本形式：主语+will/shall be doneShall 用于第一人称，will用于各种人称They will have a show tomorrow.A show will be had(by them)tomorrow.A talk will be given(by

5、him)soon.He will give a talk soon.Have a try!Turn the following sentences into the future passive voice.一般将来时的其他常见的被动语态形式1be going to do sth.be going to be done常用来表示按计划或安排将来要发生的被动动作。The old library is going to be pulled down soon.E.g.:那座旧的图书馆很快要被拆除了。E.g.:他的新书下个月就要出版了。His new book is going to be publ

6、ished next month.2be to do sth.be to be doneYour homework is to be handed in tomorrow.E.g.:你们的家庭作业明天必须要交上来。E.g.:这个任务要在10分钟之内完成。The task is to be finished in ten minutes.3be about to do sth.be about to be doneThe wall is about to be painted by the worker.E.g.:工人将要去粉刷那堵墙。Obama has becomethe first Afri

7、can-American president in the United States of America.The Present Perfect TenseSentence structure:主语+have/has done现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,并持续到现在或者是过去的动作对现在的影响.经常用于现在完成时的时间状语:recently,up to now,since then,so far,already,just,yet 等.How many Harry Porter books has J.K.Rowling written?She has writtenseven Harry

8、 Porterbooks.Seven Harry Porter books have been written by J.K.Rowling.The Present Perfect Passive VoiceSentence structure:subject+have/has+been+doneIn what cases do we use the passive voice?1.不知道或没有必要说明的动作的执行者是谁。2.强调动作的承受者，而不是发出者。Change the following sentences into active or passive voice.1.Liu Xia

9、ng has ever broken the world record.The world record has ever been broken by Liu Xiang.2.The floor has been cleaned by my mother.My mother has cleaned the floor.电影画皮2是由陈嘉上最近导演的。Painted Skin hasrecently been directed by Chen Jiashang。The Present Progressive Passive Voice现在进行时的被动语态The present progress

10、ive passive voice 1)表示“某人/事此时此刻正在被”,主语是动作的承受者。2)现在进行时的被动语态形式：am/is/arebeing过去分词。它的否定形式是把not放在第一个助动词之后,即am/is/arenotbeing过去分词。疑问形式是把第一个助动词放到句首，句末改为问号，即Am/Is/Are主语being过去分词？“三变”:原句主语变为by短语,宾语变为主语,谓语由主动变为被动；“三不变”:原句意思不变,原句时态不变,原句主谓宾以外成分不变。They are building nine parks.Nine parks are being built.How many

11、 parks are being built?主动语态变被动语态:现在进行时的被动语态基本用法：1.表示现在正在进行的被动动作。e.g.Mary is being interviewed now.My car is being repaired now.Whats the matter?2.表现阶段正在进行的被动动作。The disease is being studied at present by scientists.The life of the panda is being studied at present.现在正在研究熊猫的生活环境。Practice1.I dont suppo

12、se the police know who did it.Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and _now.A.has being questionedB.is questioning C.has questionedD.is being questioned语法填空 1.Its said(据说)that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _（discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widel

13、y_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）downwill be builtis being discussedisspokenhasnt been foundwere cutError correcting1.I have a lot of homework to be donetonight2.Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？3.Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people4.The music is sounded beautiful.5.By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed?6.The boy was made cry by his sister.to dolistened towas rememberedsoundedwhomto