高中英语语法同位语从句（32张PPT）.ppt

1、Appositive Clausenoun clauses名词性从句subjective clause主语从句objective clause宾语从句predicative clause表语从句appositive clause同位语从句1.名词性从句的引导词that,whether,if,as ifwhat,which,who,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whosewhen,where,why,how连词：连接代词：连接副词：2.如何判断从句？宾语从句：位于及物动词或介词之后表语从句：位于连系动词之后主语从句：位于句首，即在谓语动词之前1.What he

2、wants to tell us is not clear.2.It is not important who will go.3.He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.4.I want to know what he has told you.5.The fact is that we have lost the game.6.I have no idea when he will come back home.主从宾从表从同位语从句宾从主从我不知道你在这儿.I didnt know that you were here.I

3、had no idea that you were here.宾语从句同位语从句The news that our team has won the game is true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。名词同位语从句连接词 一.同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句就叫同位语从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact,idea,reason,problem,order,doubt,news,word,hope,truth,wish,promise,belief，advice4.连词 that/whether/who

4、/whom/whose/which what/when/where/why/how同位语从句，即从句在句中作主语或宾语的同位语，是对句子主语或宾语的解释、说明。I have no idea that you were here.The news that we won the game is exciting.The question whether hell attend the meeting is important.连接词that引导的同位语从句如果同位语从句意义完整，用that连接；that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用，但是不可以省略。He told me the news th

5、at he would come home from aboard soon.1.他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.（解释说明）如果同位语从句不完整，需用“是否”的含义，只用whether引导,不用if.1.这个问题是否正确还未被证实.The problem _ is righthasnt been proved.连接词whether引导的同位语从句whether.连接词代词what/which/who whom/whose引导的同位语从句e.g 1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.1.The question _ should go abroad hasnt been d

6、ecided yet.2.I have no idea _ one I should choose.whichwho(定语)(主语)如果同位语从句意义不完整，需加“什么”“哪个”“谁”等连接代词，需用what,which,who等在从句中充当成分.连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句e.g 1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.1.Ive got a good idea _ they left early.2.The question _ we should go has not been decided.whywhere如果同位语从句意义不完整

7、，需增加“什么时候”,“什么地点”,“什么原因”,“什么方式”，需用when,where,why,how 引导同位语从句。1.同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）注意:1:The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.2:Word came that their team had won.（word：n消息）分隔式同位语从句Word came that 消息传来说 News came that 消息传来说A story goes that 传说 A saying goes tha

8、t.有一句谚语说1、Well discuss the problem ifthe sports meeting will be held on time.2、They expressed the hope they would come to visit China again.3、I have no idea where is she.从句里要用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+4.My suggestion was that we canceled the examination.demand，suggestion,proposal等同位语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即:(should)+动词

9、原形she is.(should)cancelwhetherthat1.Word came _ our army had won the battle A.whenB.where C.what D.that2.There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.that B.which C.until D.if D考考你A3.I have no idea _ he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./4.His suggestion _ the meet

10、ing be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it 5.We havent settled the question _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.A.if B.where C.whether D.thatBCA大家注意啦！同位语从句与定语从句区别:1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（他告诉

11、我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）定语从句宾语同位语从句(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴，如:They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope(that)she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.Lets have a try at once同位语从句：they would come

12、 to visit China 对hope 进行具体的说明。定语从句：hope 充当express的宾语。有些词如可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。如:That question whether we need it has not been considered.(同位语从句)whether,how,whatThe news that our team has won the game was true.The news that he told me yesterday was true.news=our team has won the gameThe news 是从句里he to

13、ld me 的直接宾语(是同位语从句）（是定语从句）1.The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.()2.The news that you heard is not true.()3.Have you any idea who he went with?()4.Is there any hope that they will be home in time?()5.The problem that you referred to doesnt exist at all.()同位语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语

14、从句定语从句1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all.2)We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3)The next thing _ must be done is to make a plan.that同that/which定that定测试性评价4)Word came _ our army had won the battle.5)The president has given an order everyone in the co

15、untry should prepare for a war_ might last for several years.6)Weve just heard a warning on the radio _ a hurricane is likely to come.that同that同that同1.We dont think you two have met before.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。2.It is certain that John will do well in his exam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)3.Whet

16、her they are coming or notdont matter too much.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)4.Now is when we need him most.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)5.I have no idea how she got through the forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)6.The fact that they won the prizemade us happy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。7.I cant decide _ book I should buy.8.China is no longer _ it used to be.9.I am very interested in _ he improved his English in such a short time.10._ we need is more money.which what how What11.The truth _ the earth turns around the sun is known to us.12._ and _ we will meet has not been decided yet.thatWhenwhere