上海市杨浦高级中学2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期中考试试卷（Word版附解析）.docx

1、杨浦高级中学2021学年度第二学期期中测试 高二英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间90分钟，试卷满分115分。2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1页-第8页）和第II卷（第9页），全卷共9页。所有答题必须通过问卷星提交，1-70直接在问卷星勾选或输入答案，71-75在答题纸上作答后，分别拍照上传到问卷星对应序号区域。第I卷（90分）I. Listening Comprehension(25分)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.

2、At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question

3、you have heard.1. A. The experiment turned out well. B. The experiment took a lot of time.C. He hasnt had time to do the experiment. D. He only did part of the experiment that day.2. A. In a courthouse. B. In a warehouse.C. In a department store. D. In a fashion designers studio.3. A. Linda doesnt w

4、ant any birthday gifts.B. Linda would probably prefer some coffee.C. There is no reason to buy this book for Linda.D. She was thinking of giving Linda the same copy.4. A. The boxes might be too heavy for her to lift.B. There are a lot of boxes in the way.C. Hes checking the tonnage. D. Hes almost fi

5、nished.5. A. Keep the check. B. Send a wire.C. Inspect the wiring. D. Replace the lamp.6. A. He doesnt have any idea about what he wants to do.B. He wonders whether the woman has a job.C. He cant decide where to go on vacation.D. Hed like to work this summer.7. A. He went to see a film on campus.B.

6、He was taking pictures of the campus.C. His photographs were on the evening news.D. His television appearance was unintentional.8. A. Orchestra seats are best. B. Theres standing room only.C. All tickets are essentially the same. D. The man should play in the orchestra.9. A. It is in the center of t

7、he campus. B. It provides a city map.C. It organizes the summer camps. D. It provides a campus map.10. A. She knows shell like the dish.B. She cooked every bit of the food.C. She likes the current temperature. D. She wishes the weather would get hotter.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hea

8、r two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once, when you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your p

9、aper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A final copy of the research project. B. Copies of the midterm.C. A textbook and pencils. D. A few pens.12. A. It will include both multiple-choice and

10、essay questions.B. It will include nothing but multiple-choice questions.C. It will include an oral and a written section.D. It will include nothing but essay questions.13. A. It will be easy to understand.B. Students must complete all parts of it.C. It will cover topics from a wide variety of acade

11、mic fields.D. Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. They should go through some natural process of decay.B. They should be put into boiling water for a little while.C. They should be preserved by any other meth

12、od first.D. They should be exposed to air for some time.15. A. To state that blanching is expensive but every effective.B. To show that many people waste food by blanching improperly.C. To warn that not blanching will harm the foods nutritional value.D. To emphasize the importance of blanching only

13、a few times a time.16. A. It eventually causes vegetables to spoil.B. It stops after the vegetables have ripened.C. It preserves the flavor of frozen vegetables.D. It is a necessary step in the blanching process.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A line drawing. B

14、. An oil painting.C. A wood carving. D. A stone sculpture.18. A. Highly functional. B. Both abstract and realistic.C. Brightly colored. D. Large but lightweight.19. A. The seal. B. The caribou. C. The polar bear. D. The white whale.20. A. White snow. B. Survival skills. C. A tasty food. D. An artist

15、s model.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word tha

16、t best fits each blank. Mini-Biographies Help Clinicians Connect with PatientsBog Hall was recovering from yet another surgery in March 2014 when a volunteer walked into his hospital room. The volunteer wasnt there to check on his lungs or breathing. Instead she asked Hall _1_ he wanted to tell his

17、life story. The interview was part of a program _2_（call）My Life, My Story. Volunteer writers seek out veterans（老兵）at the hospital like Hall, and ask them all about their lives. Then they write up a thousand-word biography, and go over it with the patient, _3_can add more details or correct any mist

18、akes. When the story is finished, it _4_（attach）to the patients electronic record, where a doctor or nurse _5_（work）anywhere in the Veterans Affairs medical system can read it. Today more than 2,000 patients at the Madison VA _6_（share）their life stories. Project organizers say it could change the w

19、ay providers interact with patients. _7_ clinicians can access a lot of medical data through a patients electronic medical record, theres nowhere to learn about a patients personality or learn about his career, passion or values, said Thor Ringler, who has managed the My Life, My Story project _8_20

20、13. _9_idea for My Life, My Story came from Dr. Elliot Lee, a medical resident who was doing a training programme at the Madison VA in 2012. The typical programme for medical residents lasts only about a year, so Lee wanted to find a way to bring new, young doctors up to speed on the VA patients. He

21、 wanted a way for them _10_（absorb）not just their health histories, but more personal pieces of knowledge.【110题答案】【答案】1. if 2. called 3. who 4. is attached 5. working 6. have shared 7. Though 8. since 9. The 10. to absorb【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述麦迪逊退伍军人事务部为每一位病人撰写了一份一千字的传记，其目的是为了更好地让医生和病人联系，这一项目的名字叫“我的生活

22、，我的故事”。【1题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：相反，她问霍尔是否愿意讲述自己的人生故事。分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，意思为“是否”，所以用if引导。故填if。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次采访是“我的生活，我的故事”节目的一部分。分析可知，句子谓语动词为was，且和空处无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，call和其逻辑主语program之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然后，他们写一篇一千字的传记，和病人一起回顾，病人可以增加更多的细节或纠正任何错误。分析可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词patient

23、，且关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以用who引导。故填who。【4题详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：当故事完成后，它会附在病人的电子病历上，在退伍军人事务部医疗系统中工作的医生或护士可以阅读它。分析可知，空处为句子谓语，且和主语it之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态，表达的是客观的情况，所以要用一般现在时，it作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填is attached。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当故事完成后，它会附在病人的电子病历上，在退伍军人事务部医疗系统中工作的医生或护士可以阅读它。分析可知，句子谓语动词为can read，且和空处无连词连接，所以空处为非谓语动词，work和其逻辑主语a

24、 doctor or nurse之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填working。【6题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天，超过2000名弗吉尼亚州麦迪逊医院的病人分享了他们的人生故事。分析可知，share这一动作从过去持续到现在，有可能继续持续下去，所以用现在完成时，主语为patients，所以谓语动词也要用复数形式。故填have shared。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：从2013年开始管理“我的生活，我的故事”项目的托尔林格尔说，尽管临床医生可以通过患者的电子病历获取大量医疗数据，但却无法了解患者的性格，或者了解他的职业、激情或价值观。分析可知，前后句为让步转折关系，所

25、以空处用though引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，句首字母需大写。故填Though。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：从2013年开始管理“我的生活，我的故事”项目的托尔林格尔说，尽管临床医生可以通过患者的电子病历获取大量医疗数据，但却无法了解患者的性格，或者了解他的职业、激情或价值观。根据句意和前面的谓语动词用了完成时可知，托尔林格尔自从2013年就开始管理这一项目，所以用介词since，表示“自从”，符合句意。故填since【9题详解】考查冠词。句意：我的生活，我的故事的灵感来自于艾略特李医生，他是一名住院医生，2012年在弗吉尼亚州麦迪逊进行一个培训项目。分析可知，idea后面有for My

26、 Life, My Story修饰限定，所以是特指，要用定冠词the，句首字母需大写。故填The。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他希望找到一种方法，让他们不仅能了解自己的健康史，还能了解更多的个人知识。表示“一种的方法”为a way to do sth.，用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰a way。故填to absorb。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one wo

27、rd more than you need.A. generation B. inevitable C. killer D. marks E. occasionally F. outbreakG. overstated H. promising I. recognizes J. remains K. usually Atishoo, we all fall downFLU season has arrived in the northern half of the planet. That is not news - it happens every year, and for most of

28、 us it is _11_ little more than a nuisance (令人讨厌的事物). But the flu of 2018 could be as bad as an annual winter _12_ gets.You may think you have heard it all before, but you probably havent. To be clear, we are not talking about bird or swine flu, the kind that keeps virologists awake at night fearing

29、 a pandemic (流行疾病). Right now the warnings are about regular winter flu. But it looks like a bad one. For people who are weak because of age, pregnancy, obesity or other risk factors, it could be a(n) _13_.And yet the world _14_ astonishingly uncaring about a virus that regularly kills hundreds of t

30、housands and _15_ more. We defend ourselves against it half-hearted with a vaccine from the 1940s, which is better than nothing - but we know we can do more. We spend a small amount of money on developing vaccines that will actually defeat it, even though researchers have some very _16_ leads.Why? P

31、artly because of complacency (自满): most of us have flu and lived to tell the tale. Partly because denialists push the lie that the threat is _17_ so medical companies can sell vaccines and drugs. And partly because a better vaccine wont be very profitable.This month also _18_ the 100th year of the s

32、o-called Spanish flu, the worst pandemic we know about. This years “Aussie flu” is a later _19_ of that virus. It wont be as bad, but we must hope that its _20_ impact is enough to tell the world that ordinary flu is still a serious disease and that a repeat of 1918 is supposed to happen.【1120题答案】【答

33、案】11. K 12. F 13. C 14. J 15. E 16. H 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冬季流感对于那些由于年龄、怀孕、肥胖或其他危险因素而身体虚弱的人来说，可能是一个杀手。然而，令人惊讶的是，世界仍然对这种经常导致数十万人死亡，偶尔还会更多的病毒漠不关心。文章还分析了背后的原因。【11题详解】考查副词。句意：这不是什么新闻它每年都会发生，对我们大多数人来说，它通常只是一件麻烦事。根据上文“it happens every year”以及句意“通常”可知应填副词usually，故填usually。故选K。【12题详

34、解】考查名词。句意：但2018年的流感可能与每年冬季爆发的流感一样严重。根据上文“the flu of 2018 could be as bad as an annual winter”以及句意“爆发”可知应填单数名词outbreak，故填outbreak。故选F。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：对于那些由于年龄、怀孕、肥胖或其他危险因素而身体虚弱的人来说，它可能是一个杀手。根据上文“For people who are weak because of age, pregnancy, obesity or other risk factors”以及句意“杀手”可知应填名词killer，作表语。故

35、填killer。故选C。14题详解】考查动词。句意：然而，令人惊讶的是，世界仍然对这种经常导致数十万人死亡，偶尔还会更多死亡人数的病毒漠不关心。根据后文“astonishingly uncaring about a virus”以及句意“仍然”可知应填动词remain，此处为一般现在时，主语为，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填remains。故选J。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，令人惊讶的是，世界仍然对这种经常导致数十万人死亡，偶尔还会更多死亡人数的病毒漠不关心。根据上文“a virus that regularly kills hundreds of thousands and”以及句意“

36、偶尔”可知应填副词occasionally，作状语。故填occasionally。故选E。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：我们花了少量的钱来开发疫苗，实际上可以打败它，即使研究人员已经有了一些非常有希望的线索。根据上文“even though researchers have some very”以及句意“有希望的”可知应填形容词promising，作定语。故填promising。故选H。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：部分原因是否认者散布谎言，说威胁被夸大了，这样医药公司就可以销售疫苗和药品。根据上文“Partly because denialists push the lie that th

37、e threat is”以及句意“夸大”可知应填动词overstate，此处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填overstated。故选G。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：这个月也是所谓的西班牙流感100周年，这是我们所知道的最严重的流行病。根据后文“the 100th year of the so-called Spanish flu”以及句意“标志”可知应填动词mark，此处为一般现在时，主语为month，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填marks。故选D。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：今年的“澳洲流感”是这种病毒的下一代。根据后文“of that virus”以及句意“一代”可知应填单数名词gene

38、ration，作表语。故填generation。故选A。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：它不会那么糟糕，但我们必须希望，它不可避免的影响足以告诉世界，普通流感仍然是一种严重的疾病，1918年的重演应该会发生。根据后文“impact”以及句意“不可避免的”可知应填形容词inevitable，作定语。故填inevitable。故选B。III. Reading Comprehension (45分)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,

39、 B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The 6th -century dramatist Ben Johnson generously called Shakespeare a writer “not of an age, but for all time.” And so it has proven to be, for Shakespeares plays are still the most translated and most _21_ of any pl

40、aywriters in the world. But if you ask people what accounts for Shakespeares _22_ popularity, you will get a number of different answers. Some will say that he was a great storyteller, others that the _23_ lies in the beauty of his poetry. Some scholars point out that he was born in a lively period

41、of Englands history, time of great national confidence and cultural activity, particularly in the theatre. _24_, they claim, he was able to produce an extraordinary volume of work.This last explanation seems a little _25_. A more interesting answer is put forward, although a little over-enthusiastic

42、ally, by Harold Bloom in his book Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. Bloom argues that Shakespeare gave us something in his writing that the world had not seen in _26_ before: characters with a strong personality. These lifelike characters gave us a real insight into the human _27_: Iago, the

43、trusted advisor of Othello, whose jealousy leads him to betray his honest master; Rosalind, the heroine in As You Like it, who remains true to her friends and family despite the danger to herself. Through the mouths of such characters, we learn truths about life that we can all _28_. These truths ar

44、e made more moving and more memorable by the way in which they are _29_: briefly and poetically.Shakespeare has been dead almost 400 years, but the words and saying attributed (归功于) to him still _30_ the English language today. So whether you are “fashionable” or “sanctimonious,” thank Shakespeare,

45、who probably _31_ the terms. In fact, it is amazing just how great Shakespeares influence on everyday language has been. Take, for example, these phrases from Michael Macrones light-hearted book Brush Up Your Shakespeare.foregone conclusion seen better daysfull circle the world is (my) oysterat one

46、fell swoop neither here nor thereMacrone is more interested in the Shakespearean language that has survived than the reasons for its _32_. According to his research, some of these sayings are slightly different from their original meaning once taken out of the _33_ of the plays in which they first a

47、ppeared. For example, “the be all and end all” is used today to mean “the most important thing”, but in Macbeth, it means “the end of the matter”.Regardless of such technicalities, it is still remarkable that so many of Shakespeares words have survived the large _34_ in language between their time a

48、nd the present day. The beauty of those words is certainly one reason, but as Johnson suggested, it is the humanity and lasting relevance (相关性；实用性) of their _35_ that brings them to life.21. A. selectedB. performedC. evaluatedD. revised22. A. temporaryB. varyingC. individualD. enduring23. A. magicB.

49、 evidenceC. creativityD. count24. A. In a wordB. As a consequenceC. By contrastD. To some degree25. A. possibleB. convincingC. unsatisfactoryD. annoying26. A. manB. literatureC. historyD. focus27. A. conditionB. emotionC. languageD. status28. A. qualify forB. judge fromC. specialize inD. identify wi

50、th29. A. provedB. phrasedC. believedD. understood30. A. colorB. defineC. maskD. involve31. A. honoredB. improvedC. coinedD. chose32. A. significanceB. varietyC. livelihoodD. popularity33. A. conceptB. timeC. contextD. outline34. A. shiftsB. conflictsC. similaritiesD. trends35. A. pronunciationB. wor

51、dingC. originalityD. message【2135题答案】【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了使莎士比亚经久不衰的原因。21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实也证明了这一点，因为莎士比亚的戏剧仍然是世界上翻译最多、表演最多的剧作家的作品。A. selected挑选；B. performed表现，表演；C. evaluated评价；D. revised修改，修订。根据“any play

52、writers in the world”可知，此处表示莎士比亚的戏剧仍然是世界上翻译最多、表演最多的剧作家的作品。故选B。22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果你问人们是什么原因使莎士比亚经久不衰，你会得到许多不同的答案。A. temporary暂时的；B. varying不同的，变化的；C. individual个体的，独热的；D. enduring持久的，不朽的。根据上文“The 6th -century dramatist Ben Johnson generously called Shakespeare a writer “not of an age, but for all

53、time.”(6世纪的剧作家本约翰逊慷慨地称莎士比亚为“不属于某个时代，而是永远”的作家。)”可知，莎士比亚的作品经久不衰。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人会说他是一个伟大的讲故事的人，也有人说他的诗歌的魅力在于他的诗歌之美。A. magic魔法，魔力；B. evidence证据；C. creativity创造力；D. count总数，数量。根据“Some will say that he was a great storyteller”可知，此处表示他的诗歌具有魔力。故选A。【24题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：因此，他们声称，他能够创作出大量的作品。A. In a wor

54、d总之；B. As a consequence结果，因此；C. By contrast相比之下；D. To some degree在某种程度上。根据上文“Some scholars point out that he was born in a lively period of Englands history, time of great national confidence and cultural activity, particularly in the theatre.(一些学者指出，他出生在英国历史上一个充满活力的时期，一个充满民族自信和文化活动的时期，尤其是在戏剧方面。)”可知

55、，上文在解释莎士比亚经久不衰的原因，上下文之间是因果关系。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后一种解释似乎不太令人满意。A. possible可能的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. unsatisfactory不满意的；D. annoying使恼怒的。根据下文“A more interesting answer is put forward(提出了一个更有趣的答案)”可知，最后一个解释不太令人满意，人们又提出了新的解释。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：布鲁姆认为，莎士比亚在他的作品中给了我们一些世界在以前的文学作品中从未见过的东西：具有强烈个性的人物。

56、A. man人类；B. literature文学；C. history历史；D. focus关注，焦点。根据“characters with a strong personality.”可知，此处指以前的文学作品中从未见过的东西。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些栩栩如生的人物让我们真正了解了人类的处境：伊阿古，奥赛罗信任的谋士，嫉妒使他背叛了诚实的主人；罗莎琳德，皆大欢喜中的女主人公，她不顾自己的危险，对朋友和家人保持真诚。A. condition条件；B. emotion情感；C. language语言；D. status地位。根据下文“Iago, the trusted

57、advisor of Othello, whose jealousy leads him to betray his honest master; Rosalind, the heroine in As You Like it, who remains true to her friends and family despite the danger to herself.”可知，莎士比亚通过一些栩栩如生的人物让我们真正了解了人类的处境。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过这些人物的嘴巴，我们了解了我们都能认同的关于生活的真理。A. qualify for有资格；B. judge

58、 from以来判断；C. specialize in专攻，专门研究；D. identify with认为等同于，认同。根据“These truths are made more moving and more memorable”可知，通过这些人物的嘴巴，我们了解了我们都能认同的关于生活的真理。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些真理因其简短而富有诗意的措辞而更令人感动，更令人难忘。A. proved证明；B. phrased措辞；C. believed相信；D. understood理解。根据“Through the mouths of such characters”可知，此

59、处表示通过戏剧人物的嘴巴说出其简短而富有诗意的措辞。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚已经去世近400年了，但是那些被认为是他的词语和话语仍然影响着今天的英语。A. color给上色，影响；B. define下定义；C. mask掩饰；D. involve涉及，包括。根据下文“In fact, it is amazing just how great Shakespeares influence on everyday language has been.( 事实上，莎士比亚对日常语言的影响之大令人惊叹。)”可知，那些被认为是莎士比亚的词语和话语仍然影响着今天的英语。故选A

60、。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，无论你是“时髦的”还是“伪善的”，都要感谢莎士比亚，他可能改进了这些术语。A. honored尊重，尊敬；B. improved提高，改善；C. coined创造，提出；D. chose选择。根据上文“but the words and saying attributed (归功于) to him still _10_ the English language today.”可知，莎士比亚改进了一些术语。故选C。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Macrone更感兴趣的是幸存下来的莎士比亚语言，而不是它受欢迎的原因。A. significanc

61、e重要性；B. variety品种，多样性；C. livelihood生计；D. popularity流行，受欢迎。根据上文“But if you ask people what accounts for Shakespeares _2_ popularity,”可知，此处是信息词popularity的词汇复现。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据他的研究，这些谚语一旦脱离最初出现的戏剧语境，它们的本意就会略有不同。A. concept概念，观念；B. time时间；C. context上下文，语境；D. outline概述，纲要。根据下文“For example, “the b

62、e all and end all” is used today to mean “the most important thing”, but in Macbeth, it means “the end of the matter”.( 例如，“the be all and end all”今天用来表示“最重要的事情”，但在麦克白中，它的意思是“事情的结束”。)”可知，有些谚语一旦脱离最初出现的戏剧语境，它们的本意就会略有不同。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：撇开这些专业术语不谈，在当时和现在语言的巨大变化中，如此多的莎士比亚词汇得以幸存，仍然是值得注意的。A. shifts转

63、移，改变；B. conflicts争端；C. similarities相似点；D. trends趋势。根据“in language between their time and the present day.”可知，当时和现在的语言是有巨大变化的。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这句话的美妙当然是原因之一，但正如约翰逊所指出的，正是这些话所传达的人性和持久的相关性赋予了它们生命。A. pronunciation发音；B. wording措辞；C. originality创意，原创性；D. message消息。根据“brings them to life”可知，这句话的美妙当然是

64、原因之一是传达信息。故选D。Section BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I confes

65、s I hesitated when the editor in chief of The New York Times Magazine told me in late 2014 that I would be editing a new front-of-book column called Letter of Recommendation, about stuff people really like. The column was the brainchild of our staff writer, Sam Anderson, he explained. Sam figured th

66、at there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love. We would push against this trend, 900 words a week, 40-something times per year.The reason for my hesitation was a simple, unfortunate fact about writing. Writing about things yo

67、u hate is easy: not just fun, but generative. The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesnt. The writerly tone is well-suited to our age, but its hard not to see it as a collective defense mechanismas if revealing your true feelings exposes your unmentionable secrets to

68、the public. Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as peoplewe come to love things for often weird reasons. When the column really works, its as revealing about the author as it is its subject. One writer, a man in his late 30s, for example, recommended Pedialyte, which he

69、 drinks to balance the effects of both drinking and exercise, and to cheat his way back to youth.I probably see somewhere between three and five Letter of Recommendation pitches a day. Its a great spot for trying out new writers in the magazine, so I try my best to keep up with all the email, but I

70、often fail.（I feel genuinely terrible about this every day of my life.） Determining which to assign involves seeing how it meets the various criteria weve settled on over the years. We dont like the column to be timelyeverything else in the world is timely. But on the other hand, we need to put a he

71、adline on the thing that people might reasonably recognize, stop and read about. There should be a personal angle to the recommendation, but also some universally recommendable aspect. But then again, it shouldnt be too recommendable; this isnt a column for lifehacks. The recommendation itself shoul

72、d be attractively unexpectedsideways, as editors are perhaps too fond of sayingbut really, its just an excuse to cut brilliant writers loose to amuse or inspire us.36. Sam Anderson proposed a column called Letter of Recommendation because he found _.A. the fashion trend was not easy to push againstB

73、. there was a shortage of good quality columnsC. writers could hardly find a place to share their likesD. his brainchild could sometimes increase readership37. The word ode（in paragraph 2）is closest in meaning to _.A. praiseB. blameC. hesitationD. determination38. Why is the writer in his late 30s m

74、entioned in paragraph 2?A. To give an example of the writerly tone.B. To highlight the way that the column selects writers.C. To show how a collective defense mechanism works.D. To illustrate how writers reveal themselves in the column.39. The writer hopes that in the column, _.A. the recommended it

75、ems are quite familiar to readersB. the recommended items should follow the latest trendC. readers can learn about life skills from the recommendationsD. readers will find the recommendations beyond their expectation【3639题答案】【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文讲述了山姆安德森提出要创办一个名为“推荐信”的专栏，让作

76、家讨论自己喜欢的东西。作者对此专栏提出了自己的一些看法。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Sam figured that there was no shortage of places to find out what writers hate but few spaces for writers to talk about what they love.”可知，萨姆发现，虽然有很多地方可以发现作家们讨厌什么，但作家们却很少有地方可以谈论他们喜欢什么。由此可知，山姆安德森提出了一个名为“推荐信”的专栏，因为他发现作家们几乎找不到一个地方来分享他们的喜好。故选C项。【37题详解】词句猜测题

77、。根据第二段“The criticism tends to entertain, even if you disagree, but the ode doesnt.”可知，即使你不同意，批评也容易引起人们的兴趣，但ode却不同。but前后为转折关系，前半句是批评，由此判断出，ode指的是赞扬,故选A项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Obsessions（喜欢）, meanwhile, are inseparable from our peculiarities as peoplewe come to love things for often weird reasons. When t

78、he column really works, its as revealing about the author as it is its subject.”可知，同时，喜欢与我们的个性是分不开的，因为我们喜欢某些东西往往是出于奇怪的原因。当这个专栏真正起作用的时候，它既能揭示作者，也能揭示主题。由此判断出这位30多岁的作家就是一个例子来说明作家是如何在专栏中展现自己的。故选D项。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The recommendation itself should be attractively unexpected”可知，建议本身应该是出人意料的。由此可知，作者希望在专

79、栏中，读者会发现这些建议超出了他们的预料。故选D项。(B)Nowadays, bikes are getting smarter. Although it may seem confusing to mess with the simplicity of a bicycle, e-bikes are actually the perfect fit for a variety of circumstances, including living in a hilly area, looking for a greener transportation alternative or just t

80、o make riding a bike more fun. Here are four typical models of e-bikes.Best for a tight budget: Schwinn Monroe 250Not interested in breaking the bank? Try Schwinns Monroe 250. Its an urban rider with a single speed and is great for zipping across town or around campus. It lasts up to 50 miles and re

81、quires a five-hour battery charge from zero. Plug it in before bed, and youre golden in the morning.Best for the tech-savvy: Specialized Turbo VadoSpecializeds entry-level Turbo Vado 2.0 comes equipped with a customized touchscreen smart computer. With it, you can control the assist mode and connect

82、 through Bluetooth to the Specialized Mission Control app.The app lets you map out your ride, and then the motor will adjust to that specific distance so you never have to worry about the battery dying mid-route. It also offers direction and diagnostics and stores your ride history and personal pref

83、erences.Best for all-around use: Cannondale Quick NeoFor those who want a does-it-all option, the Cannondale Quick Neo is your best bet. It was designed for people who lead active lifestyles but may not be “cyclists”.The Quick Neo has three assist modes eco, normal and high and the battery lasts up

84、to 70 miles before it needs a four-hour recharge. It also has front suspension, so itll handle bumps, pot-holes and even dirt paths well, and its brakes make it easier to stop if the weather gets wet.Best for replacing a car: Trek Super Commuter+If you live in a big city and owning a car is not an o

85、ption, then the Super Commuter+ could be for you. Its expensive, but less expensive than most cars when you allow for the amount of money you spend on gas, maintenance, insurance, parking or public transportation, an e-bike is a more economical choice for urban citizens looking for a new way to get

86、around.With four assist modes, it can go up to 28 mph and as far as 120 miles on a battery that takes just three to five hours to charge, so its basically like the Ferrari of e-bikes.40. If you are not an experienced cyclist, which of the following might be your best choice?A. Schwinn Monroe 250.B.

87、Specialized Turbo Vado.C. Cannondale Quick Neo.D. Trek Super Commuter+.41. Which e-bike is most suitable for those who knows much about technology?A. Schwinn Monroe 250.B. Specialized Turbo Vado.C. Cannondale Quick Neo.D. Trek Super Commuter+.42. Which of the following statements is true according t

88、o the passage?A. Schwinn Monroe 250 is the most economical choice among the four e-bikes.B. Specialized Turbo Vado allows the doctor give your diagnosis according to the data.C. Cannondale Quick Neo doesnt function as well as expected on rainy days.D. Trek Super Commuter+ need five hours to recharge

89、 before it can go 70 miles.【4042题答案】【答案】40. C 41. B 42. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款电动自行车的情况。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Best for all-around use: Cannondale Quick Neo部分中“It was designed for people who lead active lifestyles but may not be “cyclists”.(它是为那些生活方式活跃但可能不是“自行车手”的人设计的)”可知，如果你不是一个经验丰富的自行车手，Cannondale Quic

90、k Neo可能是你最好的选择。故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Best for the tech-savvy: Specialized Turbo Vado部分中的“Specializeds entry-level Turbo Vado 2.0 comes equipped with a customized touchscreen smart computer. With it, you can control the assist mode and connect through Bluetooth to the Specialized Mission Control app.(专业

91、化的入门级涡轮Vado 2.0配备了定制的触摸屏智能电脑。有了它，你可以控制辅助模式，并通过蓝牙连接到特殊任务控制应用程序)”可知，Specialized Turbo Vado最适合对科技有所了解的人。故选B。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据Best for a tight budget: Schwinn Monroe 250部分中“Not interested in breaking the bank? Try Schwinns Monroe 250.(不想倾家荡产？试试Schwinn Monroe 250吧)”可知，A选项“Schwinn Monroe 250是四款电动自行车中最经济的选择”

92、正确。故选A。(C)In the Pacific Northwest, no tree is as crucial as the Douglas fir, which dominates the regions rainforests. It was the basis of the traditional economy and is still an important source of timber (木材) in plantations around the world. But research now suggests the tree may be threatened wit

93、h disease and decline, fuelled by a warming climate.The cause is Swiss needle cast (SNC), a fungus (真菌) that grows only on Douglas firs. SNC can live on the tree kindly. Under certain environmental conditions, however, its activity intensifies, causing a yellowing and falling of needles that slows g

94、rowth. In severe cases, it kills the tree.Because our understanding of infection patterns is limited, researchers from the US Environmental Protection Agency and Oregon State University came together to reconstruct the conditions leading to outbreaks. In doing so, they found that the increasingly mi

95、ld conditions expected with climate change will drive an increase in SNC disease.The team took tree core (核心) samples from mature Douglas firs in different forests in Oregons Coast and Cascade mountain ranges. The growth rings in each core provided years of information, with sharp reductions in grow

96、th rate indicating SNC impacts. By combining the information collected from tree rings with information on climatic changes, the team found ties between climatic events and the intensity of outbreaks.Periods with mild winters and more summer rain led to some of the most extreme SNC impacts. Similar

97、climatic conditions are expected to become more frequent due to climate change.Traditionally, SNC outbreaks have been more common in the mild, coastal fog zone than in the high Cascade peaks, but warming of these inland elevations will invite major outbreaks.The effects of climate change are likely

98、to extend beyond the trees, as they are vital to many animals, such as spotted owls, says David Shaw, a forest biologist at Oregon State University and director of the Swiss Needle Cast Cooperative. These threatened birds nest in bigger mature trees like Douglas firs. Slow growth from SNC may reduce

99、 nesting opportunities.If, as feared, SNC outbreaks worsen and Douglas fir growth declines, Shaw expects broad and fundamental changes to Pacific Nothwest forests, including declining carbon fixation and lower timber harvests.43. Under which of the following conditions will SNCs activity intensify?A

100、. When Douglas firs needles fall down.B. When its warm in winter and damp in summer.C. When the temperature varies greatly in a day.D. When the fungi living on Douglas firs gets infected.44. Which of the following reveals SNC impacts?A. Douglas firs slow growthB. Douglas firs getting mature.C. Dougl

101、as firs decreasing rings.D. Douglas firs change in colour.45. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about SNC outbreaks?A. Their influence took a long time to appear.B. They used to be ignored by some biologistsC. Their frequency had nothing to do with other creatures.D. They used

102、to be less common in the high Cascade peaks.46. The last two paragraph talk mainly about _.A. possible chain reactions due to SNC outbreaksB. future changes in the climate all over the worldC. ways to deal with the threats caused by global warmingD. animals that may be affected by declining nesting

103、opportunities【4346题答案】【答案】43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。在太平洋西北地区，没有比道格拉斯冷杉更重要的树了，它主宰着该地区的雨林。它是传统经济的基础，仍然是世界各地种植园的重要木材来源。但现在的研究表明，由于气候变暖，这种树可能面临疾病和衰退的威胁。文章介绍了这种树目前所面临的状况。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Periods with mild winters and more summer rain led to some of the most extreme SNC impacts.（冬季温和和夏季雨水

104、较多的时期导致了一些最极端的SNC影响）”，可知，“冬天温暖，夏天潮湿”的情况下SNC的活动会加强。故选B。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Under certain environmental conditions, however, its activity intensifies, causing a yellowing and falling of needles that slows growth. In severe cases, it kills the tree.（然而，在某些环境条件下，其活动加剧，导致针叶变黄和脱落，从而减缓生长。在严重的情况下，它会杀死树木）”，可

105、知，“道格拉斯冷杉生长缓慢”揭示了SNC的影响。故选A。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Traditionally, SNC outbreaks have been more common in the mild, coastal fog zone than in the high Cascade peaks, but warming of these inland elevations will invite major outbreaks.（传统上，SNC的爆发在温和的沿海雾区比在高喀斯喀特峰更常见，但这些内陆海拔的变暖将引起重大爆发）”，可知，从这篇关于SNC爆发的文章中推断出

106、来“它们过去在喀斯喀特高峰不太常见”。故选D。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“The effects of climate change are likely to extend beyond the trees, as they are vital to many animals, such as spotted owls（气候变化的影响可能会延伸到树木之外，因为它们对许多动物都至关重要，比如斑点猫头鹰）”和最后一段“If, as feared, SNC outbreaks worsen and Douglas fir growth declines, Shaw expects

107、broad and fundamental changes to Pacific Nothwest forests, including declining carbon fixation and lower timber harvests.（如果像人们担心的那样，SNC的爆发情况恶化，道格拉斯冷杉的生长下降，肖预计太平洋西北地区的森林将发生广泛而根本的变化，包括碳固定能力下降和木材收成下降）”，可知，最后两段主要讨论了SNC爆发可能引起的连锁反应。故选A。Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank w

108、ith a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Volcanoes in Indonesia“The hardest bit of the job is having enough sleep,” admits Martanto, a 29-year-old geophysicist at the monitoring centre for Agung, a volcano in Ba

109、li which started erupting(爆发) on November 25th. For the past two weeks he and half a dozen others have relocated from Bandung, in West Java, to keep watch on Agung every hour of the day, occasionally in continuous 32-hour shifts._47_ It was home to both the biggest eruption of modern times, that of

110、Tambora in 1815, and the second-biggest, of Krakatoa in 1883. Agungs previous eruption, in 1963, was the most explosive of the 20th century in Indonesia. Gas, rock and ash were ejected to a height of 25km above the crater(火山口). More than 1, 000 people died. “Previous eruptions, in 1843 and 1710-11,

111、were similarly destructive”, says Devy Kamil Syahbana of the Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Centre(PVMBG) in Bandung._48_ The first, of which there are 69, are active volcanoes which have erupted at least once since 1600. The second are active but have not erupted since 1600. The thi

112、rd are potentially active openings in the earths crust, such as fumaroles. The first type, of which Agung is one, are monitored 24 hours a day by an observer in a station nearby, from which they can see the peak. They then feedback information to the main centre in Bandung.Eruptions, in short, are h

113、ard to predict with precision. Sinabung, on the island of Sumatra, erupted suddenly in 2010 and then again in 2013 and 2016. _49_ As a result, PVMBG had not been monitoring it, and those living nearby were not prepared to evacuate. It is still erupting; thousands of people have had to be permanently

114、 relocated.Even when volcanoes are known to be active, and there are enough monitoring data, it is not easy to judge how destructive an eruption might be. _50_ Call for an evacuation too early, and people might decide the risk is overblown and return to their homes.A. Mr. Syahbanas colleagues have d

115、ivided the countrys volcanoes into three categories.B. But before that it had not erupted for more than 400 years.C. Technology helps with the monitoring too.D. “Such decisions” says Matthew Watson of the University of Bristol, “require a good deal of expert judgment under great uncertainty”.E. Late

116、 on October 24th 2010 he decided that an eruption was at hand and called for an evacuation.F. Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoes in the world, with 127 active ones.【4750题答案】【答案】47. F 48. A 49. B 50. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以印度尼西亚的火山为话题，讲述了印度尼西亚是世界上火山最多的国家，其火山分为3类，但由于其不稳定性，在预测方面，即使对于专家来说也

117、是有困难的。【47题详解】根据后文“It was home to both the biggest eruption of modern times, that of Tambora in 1815, and the second-biggest, of Krakatoa in 1883.(1815年坦博拉火山和1883年喀拉喀托火山的第二大喷发都发生在这里。)”可知，后文内容主要介绍了一些著名的大火山喷发都发生在印度尼西亚，因此，设空句作为该段首句，应为主旨句，概括“火山之国”这一核心内容。选项F“Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoe

118、s in the world, with 127 active ones.(印度尼西亚是世界上火山最多的国家，有127座活火山。)”在句意上概括了该段内容，可作主旨句，符合语境。故选F项。【48题详解】根据后文“The first, of which there are 69, are active volcanoes which have erupted at least once since 1600. The second are active but have not erupted since 1600. The third are potentially active openin

119、gs in the earths crust, such as fumaroles.(第一种是自1600年以来至少喷发过一次的活火山，共有69座。第二种是活跃的，但自1600年以来从未爆发过。第三种是地壳中可能活跃的开口，如喷气孔。)”可知，该段主要介绍了印度尼西亚的三种火山分类，因此，设空句作为该段首句，应是主旨概括句。选项A“Mr. Syahbanas colleagues have divided the countrys volcanoes into three categories.(希巴纳的同事将该国的火山分为三类。)”在句意上贴合该段主旨，是对后文的概括，“three categ

120、ories”对应后文的“The first”，“The second”，“The third”，前后呼应，衔接紧密。故选A项。【49题详解】根据后文结果句“As a result, PVMBG had not been monitoring it, and those living nearby were not prepared to evacuate.(因此，PVMBG没有对其进行监测，住在附近的人也没有做好撤离的准备。)”可知，该火山没有被监测，因此可推知，设空句应是原因句，讲述没有被监测的原因。选项B“But before that it had not erupted for mor

121、e than 400 years.(但在此之前，它已经有400多年没有喷发了。)”讲述了没有被监测的原因是“400多年没有喷发了”，与后文之间形成因果关系，逻辑紧密。故选B项。【50题详解】根据前文“Even when volcanoes are known to be active, and there are enough monitoring data, it is not easy to judge how destructive an eruption might be.(即使已知火山活动，并且有足够的监测数据，也不容易判断火山爆发的破坏性有多大。)”可知，该段的话题是“判断火山爆发

122、是不容易的”，因此可推知，设空句承接此话题“判断火山爆发的不容易”继续讲述。选项D“Such decisions, says Matthew Watson of the University of Bristol, require a good deal of expert judgment under great uncertainty.(布里斯托尔大学的马修沃森说，这样的决定需要“在很大的不确定性下进行大量的专家判断”。)”讲到了判断火山爆发需要在不确定性下的专家判断，进一步讲到了其不容易，与主题相呼应。故选D项。第 II卷（25分）IV. Summary (10分)51. Directi

123、ons: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Television is doing irreparable harmTelevision hasnt been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was

124、 like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never found it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amus

125、ements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the television. We rush home or have our meals quickly to be in time for this or that pro

126、gramme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesnt interfere with the programme.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, t

127、elevision consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmers are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole became a village.Television encourages passive enjoyment. We beco

128、me satisfied with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware ho

129、w totally irrelevant television is to real Jiving when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the television.【51题答案】【答案】The author thinks that TV does great harm to us. First, it robs up of

130、 the ability to enjoycivilized pleasures. Secondly, there are so many TV programmes that most of them are not good in quality and lack variety or creativity. Finally, TV gives us passive enjoyment so we will gradually get isolated from the real world.【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。因为电视的出现人们变得很依赖电视，不再去享受文明的乐趣，有时间就坐

131、在电视前看着毫无创意的节目来消磨时光，久而久之人们欣然体验二手经验。【详解】这篇总结首先表明作者的观点，认为电视有害；其次，从以下三个方面进行说明：电视使得人们不再去享受文明的乐趣；电视节目大都无创意，千篇一律；电视让我们被动享受，最终与外界隔绝。故本文可总结为：The author thinks that TV does great harm to us. First, it robs up of the ability to enjoy civilized pleasures. Secondly, there are so many TV programmes that most of t

132、hem are not good in quality and lack variety or creativity. Finally, TV gives us passive enjoyment so we will gradually get isolated from the real world.V. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 在他看来，值得投资的是体验，而不是物品。（wort

133、h）(汉译英）【52题答案】【答案】In his view, it is experience, not goods, that is worth investing in.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查强调句、固定短语、名词、动词等。表达“在他看来”应使用固定搭配in his view，与主句用逗号隔开；表达“值得做某事”应使用固定短语be worth doing；表达“投资”应使用动词短语invest in；表达“体验”应使用不可数名词experience；表达“物品”应使用名词goods。分析句子可知，应使用一般现在时，主句可使用强调句（It is+强调部分+that+其余成分），强调“体

134、验”。句子首字母大写。故翻译为In his view, it is experience, not goods, that is worth investing in.53. 近期，专家呼吁市民空闲时到户外走走，呼吸新鲜空气。（call）（汉译英）【53题答案】【答案】Recently, the experts / specialists have called on citizens to go outdoors and breathe (in) fresh air at (their) leisure time / in (their) spare time.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态

135、。call on sb to do 呼吁某人做某事；go outdoors到户外（走走）；breathe (in) fresh air呼吸新鲜空气；at ones leisure time / in ones spare time 在某人空闲时，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，故翻译为：Recently, the experts / specialists have called on citizens to go outdoors and breathe (in) fresh air at (their) leisure time / in (their) spare ti

136、me.54. 最好请人审阅一下你的文章，看看自己的想法是否有条不紊地表达出来了。（convey）(汉译英）【54题答案】【答案】Its a good idea to ask someone to review your article to see if your ideas are conveyed in an organized way.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查it作形式主语、动词（短语）及介词短语等。表达“最好”可使用it作形式主语Its a good idea to do sth.；表达“请人”应使用动词短语ask sb. to do sth.，与to构成不定式，作真正的主语；表达

137、“审阅”可用动词review；表达“你的文章”应使用名词短语your article；表达“来看看是否”应使用to see if；表达“你的想法”应使用your ideas；表达“表达”应使用动词convey（由于与所修饰词ideas之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态；表达“有条不紊地”应使用介词短语in an organized way。故翻译为Its a good idea to ask someone to review your article to see if your ideas are conveyed in an organized way.55. 上周，政府安排卡车为地震灾区的

138、灾民运送应急物资，鼓励他们保持乐观，等待救援。（inspire）（汉译英）【55题答案】【答案】Last week, the government arranged for trucks to deliver emergency supplies to the victims in the earthquake-stricken areas and inspired them to be optimistic and wait for rescue.【解析】【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和时态。 arrange for 为作安排；deliver sth. to sb.把某物运送给某人；emerg

139、ency supplies应急物资；the earthquake-stricken area地震灾区； inspire sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事；be optimistic 乐观；wait for等待。根据句中时间状语last week可知，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Last week, the government arranged for trucks to deliver emergency supplies to the victims in the earthquake-stricken areas and inspired them to be optimistic and wait for rescue.听力答案：1 5: ACCAC 6 -10: DDADA 11-13: DDD 14 16: BCA 17 20: DBCB