河北省平山县2016高考英语阅读理解一轮讲练（3）及答案.doc

1、阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测) in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, chang

2、ing some living patterns, scientists say. Increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth. “Predicting speciesreaction to climate change

3、 is a major challenge in ecology, ” said the researchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services. The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings

4、 from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1, 634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8. 5 times and leafing by 4 times. “Across all species, the experiments under- predicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing

5、 and floweringthat results from temperature increases, ”the study said. The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said. Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (

6、光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet. Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0. 8 since 1900, and nearly 0. 2 every ten years since 1979. So far, efforts to cut emissions (排放) of

7、 planet- warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels. 1. What is the key

8、 information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1? A. Plantsreaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems. B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientistsexpectation. C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns. D. Food chains have been seriously da

9、maged because of weather. 2. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that.A. plantsflowering is 8. 5 times faster than leafingB. there are 1, 634 plant species on the four continentsC. scientists should improve the design of the experimentsD. the experiments failed to predict how

10、 plants react to climate change3. Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because.A. they can prove the climate change clearlyB. they are very important in the food chainsC. they play a leading role in reducing global warmingD. they are growing and flowering much faster than before4.

11、 What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature? A. It has risen nearly 0. 2 since 1979. B. Its change will lead to weather extremes. C. It is 0. 8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900. D. It needs to be controlled within 2 in this century. 【参考答案】14、BCBD阅读理解。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题

12、后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world. It teaches people how to face changes in their lives. Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens. The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or

13、 new friends, dont be afraid. Instead, use this change to make a better life. The book gives an example of a change at school. A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too may students. Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But

14、 Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two little people and some cheese. The four are in a maze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that the

15、y cant change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, cant do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese. After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction

16、 quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.1. The book Who Moved My Cheese is _.A. written all over the world B. read across the worldC. sold only in America D. lov

17、ed only by teens2. What does the text mainly discuss?A. Never change in our life. B. Change when you like to do.C. Change with the changes. D. Pay attention to the changes.3. The underline word four(paragraph 3) refers to _.A. Mice and little people B. Students C. Cheese D. Readers4. In our lives, w

18、e should learn from _.A. Mice B. Little people C. Chris D. Spence Johnson 5. Which of the following statements is true?A. The author is Britain.B. There are three terms in every school.C. Most teens dont understand Chris story.D. The book tells teens how to face changes in their lives. 【参考答案】15、BCAA

19、D 【陕西省2014五校联考】阅读下列四篇短文, 从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。LAST week, the College Board announced that it was revising the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) in an effort to make it more acceptable to test-takers, teachers, college admission officers and the public more generally. Test-takers

20、 who receive lower scores than they have hoped for are likely to be concerned about their academic future. Its no wonder that its hard to discuss the test without negative feelings.The SAT isnt perfect. Like any test, it can be misused, and may reflect unequal educational opportunities. Even before

21、the announcement of the SATs redesign, experts were discussing the tests limitations. Writing in The New Yorker, Elizabeth Kolbert described its questions as limited: “Critical thinking was never called for, let alone curiosity or imagination.” But the SAT provides an effective measure of a persons

22、ability to reason through verbal(文字性的) and mathematical materials, a skill required in college. Although there are conflicting reports on the issue, a study published in the journal Educational and Psychological Measurement in 2011 found that the SAT can meaningfully add to the prediction of a stude

23、nts first-year college academic performance, above his grades in high school alone. The fact that the SAT can help predict this is, to me, an astonishing achievement that cannot be ignored.We cannot afford to ignore tests because they fall short of perfection or make us uncomfortable. But theres a b

24、etter way to make the SAT more acceptable in the long run: We should expand the types of tests we use so as to more fully reflect what students can do. What if, in addition to the SAT, students were offered new tests that measured more diverse abilities? For future artists or musicians, there are te

25、sts that measure creative thinking a largely ignored ability by the SAT. For future engineers, there are tests that measure their sense of space. And new measures of “personal intelligence” the ability to reason about a persons motives, emotions and patterns of activities may also tell us something

26、important about students self-knowledge and understanding of others.53. Why is it difficult for the test takers to discuss the test without negative feelings? A. The SAT is unacceptable for the test takers, teachers, officers and the public. B. They may not get satisfactory scores and it influences

27、their admission to college. C. The SAT cant reflect their creative thinking, curiosity as well as their imagination. D. The board dont know how to make the SAT more suitable for the test takers. 54. Elizabeth Kolbert may consider the SAT to be _.A. imaginative B. creative C. critical D. limited55. A

28、ccording to the text, the author may disagree with the idea that _.A. the SAT can at some point predict how a student will do in the freshman year of college academically【来B. the SAT helps measure students ability of reasoning through their creativity and imaginationC. the SAT will be more acceptabl

29、e if creative thinking, sense of space and personal intelligence are tested as wellD. the SAT has many limitations and it may make a difference to students educational opportunities56. Thearticlemostprobablyappearsinthenewspapercolumn_.2-1-c-n-j-yA.Sports B.Entertainment C.City News D.Education 【参考答

30、案】53-56 BDBD 【附】阅读理解概述（3）题型探究探究点二主旨大意题主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、归纳、推理、判断等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结。 要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有

31、些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。一、题型特点与命题方式【设题类型】1概括文章大意；2选出最佳题目(标题)；3概括人物特点。 【设问形式】1标题类(1)The best title / headline for this passage might be_.(2)The text (passage) could be entitled _.(3)What is the best title for the passage? (4)Which of the following

32、would be suitable as a title for the passage? 2大意类(1)This passage chiefly deals with _.(2)Whats the topic of the article?(3)What is the subject discussed in the text?(4)With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned? 二、解题思路与应试技巧做这类题时常用略读法。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。

33、文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。下面结合高考试题，谈谈标题类和大意类试题的解题技巧。 1标题类标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内

34、容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。 例1 【 2011课标全国卷】Which of the following might be the best title for the text?AFamily Food PlanningBBanking on GardeningCA Belttightening MoveDGardening as a Hobby【解析】 B主旨大意题。全文讲述了在物价飞速上涨的美国，人们为了节省开支自己种植蔬

35、菜的事情。 2大意类解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章大意。概括大意的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意

36、。 例2【 2011安徽卷】The main idea of the text is that _.Atwo heads are better than oneBfriendship is precious in lifeCthe disabled should never give upDa man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated【解析】 B主旨大意题。全文围绕友情、生命讲述了两位朋友一起攀岩的故事，强调了“友情很珍贵”，故答案为B。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每

37、小题2分，满分40分）【2014四川省资阳市第一次诊断性考试】AGalaxy saw a man and a woman who communicated with the sign language at the train station when she was on the way home one evening. She noticed that the woman asked the man for the direction. He told her that he did not know. Galaxy decided to help them. She had learn

38、ed the sign language when she served as a volunteer in the deaf and mute (聋哑) school. Then she showed the woman the direction and left her email address to them in case they needed her help later. She received an email from that man the next day. Kazrim was his name. Galaxy replied his mail sincerel

39、y. They both started chatting online soon after and began seeing each other. Although they only communicated with the sign language, it never bothered her. Galaxy was fond of him gradually. Obviously, Kazrim was the same too. He presented Galaxy with a bunch of sunflowers and asked her sincerely. “A

40、re you willing to be my girlfriend?”Galaxy was pleasantly surprised. She requested him to give her some time to persuade her parents. As she had expected, her parents were very angry after they had learned of their love story. Galaxy explained, “Kazrim is an excellent and a very optimistic person. H

41、e has a very positive attitude towards life and work. He cares for others always. He is 100% better than the normal. Moreover, the mute is still a human. He should possess a perfect and wonderful love.”Her parents asked to see him, then. The very worried Galaxy took Kazrim home a few days later. Whe

42、n they were on the train, Kazrim told her, “Im going to tell your parents that Ill be looking after you well with all my life!” Galaxy was deeply moved. As soon as they had entered the house, Galaxy introduced him to her parents. She said, “This is Kazrim.” Just right after her speech, an unbelievab

43、le thing happened. Kazrim threw the gift away and held her in his arms tightly. He said, “YOU CAN TALK?” It was the same question that Galaxy wanted to ask, too.The four people were shocked all of a sudden. As a matter of fact, Kazrim always believed that Galaxy was a mute and he still fell in love

44、with her deeply.31. How did Galaxy and Kazrim get to know each other?A. They met each other by chance. B. They were introduced to each other. C. They once studied at the same university. D. They both served in a deaf and mute school. 32. How did Galaxy probably communicate with Kazrim before she too

45、k him home?A. Writing words on paper. B. Using the sign language. C. Judging from his expression. D. Speaking her native language. 33. What did Galaxy expect her parents to do?A. To have a talk with Kazrim.B. To prepare for her marriage. C. To treat Kazrim as a normal man. D. To accept Kazrim as her

46、 boyfriend. 34. What can we learn about the two young people from the passage?A. They fell in love at the first sight. B. They cheated each other to win love.C. They mistook each other for being mutes.D. They ignored the anger of Galaxys parents.【参考答案】31-35 ABDC 【2014四川省资阳市第一次诊断性考试】BIve spent over a

47、 year in India, and in those 365 plus days, Ive learned a lot about getting around Indian cities. My biggest lessons have been learned through being cheated, particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers, but that doesnt mean those are bad ways to travel, as long as you know what youre doing. Belo

48、w are the best ways to get around the city of Delhi, India, and tips for how to keep from being the victim of scams (欺骗).Taking taxis is a great way to get around the city of Delhi and chances are, if you arrive in Delhi by plane, as soon as you make it through customs, youll be swarmed by Indian ta

49、xi drivers. At the Delhi airport, be sure to arrange for a taxi to your hotel at one of the two Delhi Traffic Police Taxi Booths. One is inside the airport, and one is outside. The key is to make sure to go to a booth run by the police, rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are one of my

50、 favorite ways to get around Indian cities, partly because its how the locals often travel. Auto-rickshaws are more common, but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi. If you do have a chance to take a bicycle rickshaw, you should do it at least once for a unique experience that should only s

51、et you back about 15 rupees. Auto-rickshaw rates around Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees, depending on distance.If you really want to travel around Delhi like the locals, take a public bus. Indian buses become very crowded and most do not have air conditioning. They are, however, very cheap. A b

52、us trip wont set you back any more than 15 rupees, as long as you stay within the city limits. Since Indian buses get so crowded, try to board the bus at the start of the route so you can get a seat.The train is a great way to get around within the city of Delhi. Fares are reasonable, between six an

53、d 22 rupees. All departure announcements are in both Hindi and English, and tokens can be purchased for between six and 22 rupees.35. What is the author trying to do through this text?A. Expect us to travel around Delhi.B. Show his/her experiences in Delhi.C. Give some advice of traveling in Delhi.D

54、. Explain the difficulties of traveling in Delhi.36. What should you do to avoid being cheated when taking a taxi at the Delhi airport?A. Go to a police-run booth.B. Go out of the airport.C. Show your ticket to the driver.D. Pay more to the drivers to keep safe.37. The author suggests taking a ricks

55、haw in order to _.A. save some moneyB. gain some unique experienceC. enjoy the comfortable tripD. help the local rickshaw drivers38. Which may be the topic that follows?A. Car rentals in DelhiB. Food and drink in DelhiC. Weather conditions in DelhiD. Hotel recommendations in Delhi【参考答案】35、C36-38、 ABA