天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十二主旨大意_文章大意题优选习题.doc

1、十二、主旨大意文章大意题(2018北京，A)My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class，the teacher required u

2、s to run laps and then hit a softball.I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athleti

3、c.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I s

4、topped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！”By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21，I was starving!As I approached mile 23，I could see my w

5、ife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be

6、 myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不畏艰难，挑战自我，坚持跑完马拉松，实现了一次从自我砥砺到自我认识的人生“长跑”的励志故事。文章旨在向人们传递积极的价值观：只要勇于挑战，拼搏进取，人人皆为胜者。36.A month before the marathon，the author .A.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind to r

7、unD.lost hope答案C解析细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Yet，I was determined to go ahead.”并结合上句最后的“leaving me only two weeks to train”可知，虽然作者在马拉松比赛前一个月脚踝受伤需休息两周，但他决心在仅剩的两周训练时间里继续前行，去参加马拉松长跑。此处的关键信息determined与选项C中的made up his mind相吻合。故选C。37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge the suppor

8、t of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was not athletic.”可知，作者列举小时候第一次上体育课的例子，说明自己跑圈不行，打垒球也不行，所以老师告诉作者他不擅长体育运动。这显然表明了作者在运动方面没有天赋，与选项C的意思相匹配

9、。38.How was the authors first marathon?A.He made it.B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.答案A解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！”可知，作者跑完了这次马拉松。这与选项A中的“made it(做成)”意思相吻合。39.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success t

10、o his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.答案B解析文章大意题。根据作者对自己马拉松情况的叙述可知，对于一位脚踝有伤、不具有运动天赋的人来说去跑马拉松面临的挑战可想而知，但作者不畏艰难，凭着强大的意志力，最后成功到达终点，显然就是选项B提到的“一位具有强大意志力的获胜者”。故选B项。一、题型解读说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明

11、类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text?(2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on?(3)The passage is mainly about .(4)The general/main idea of the passage is .(5)The passage mainly focuses on .二、解题技巧“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中

12、心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提

13、出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述归纳主题进一步解释。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however，but，in fact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion等词。例如：【真题感悟】中第39题，通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determ

14、ined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a marathon winner.”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选B。A(2018天津十二区县二模)While learning the science lessons，I used to get a doubtwhy ears，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that

15、these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs，they do show some connectivity.Interestingly，our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.Isnt it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full mea

16、l？That does not mean we go deaf after a meal，but the hearing pitch(强度) does change after a heavy meal.We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue，but do you know that unless saliva(唾液) dissolves something，our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten.Taste is nothing but the food che

17、micals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue.Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something.Women are much better smellers than men.They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint(准确说出) the exact frag

18、rance of the sample.We all can store almost 50,000 different scents，which are strongly tied to the memories.Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone，but to the slightest bit of noise around too.Thus surgeons，watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to hav

19、e a sound-free environment.Even a small noise can dilate(扩大) their pupils，change the focus and blur(使模糊) their vision.If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision，you are just among the one third of the human population.It is now statistically proved that only one third of t

20、he population has perfect vision，rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision.Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.This smell is very subtle(微妙的) yet can be sen

21、sed even by a newborn.It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues.A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also changed by the environment，diet and

22、personal hygiene.This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.1.We can learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.after a full meal our hearing is as good as beforeB.all sensory organs are connected and can be exchangedC.sensory organs functions can never be changed for

23、 their particular characterD.we feel and learn about the world around us through our eyes，ears，nose and tongue答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“.I used to get a doubtwhy ear，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special senses？The basic reason is that these are.surroundings.”可知，我们通过感官和外界保持联系。2.What may happe

24、n after you have had a rich lunch?A.Your eyes become dim.B.You may feel energetic and fresh.C.Your hearing pitch may be decreased.D.Your tongue may lose the function of taste.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一、二、三句可知，吃饱后人的听觉会降低，但不会变聋。3.What does the author mean by the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A.Our tong

25、ues cant be dried while eating something.B.If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it，it will not work.C.A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues.D.If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper，it may work as well as before.答案B解析句意理解题。根据第二段内容可知，舌头必须在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道，如果用纸把

26、舌头擦干，舌头的味觉功能就会丧失。故选B。4.What makes each person different from anyone else except identical twins?A.The number of sensory organs.B.The functions of sensory organs.C.The particular smell of a person.D.The style of ones behaviour.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Each and every one of us has a particular or individu

27、alistic or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.”可知，除同卵双胞胎以外，我们每个人身上都有独特的味道。故选C。5.What is the text mainly about?A.The functions of sensory organs.B.The connectivity of our tongue and ear.C.A newborns senses of the sensory organs.D.The differences of senses betwee

28、n women and men.答案A解析主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，这篇文章讲的是感觉器官的联系和功能。B(2018天津部分区县一模)Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you dont.You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler.But here is what scientists found recently：p

29、eoples music tastes change as they age，according to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.So its likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents，whether you like it or not.We used to think that culture and personality are the only fa

30、ctors that affect ones music choice.But researchers at the University of Cambridge，UK，gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years.They noticed that as people age，their social circumstances change，and so does their music tastes.There are three musical periods that people pass t

31、hrough as they mature“intense”，“contemporary” and “sophisticated”.The first period comes in the teenage years，during which time people like intense music such as punk and rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as independent individuals.But as people move i

32、nto early adulthood，their lifestyle changesthey socialize more and want to build close relationships with others.As a result，they become more fond of contemporary music，such as pop and R&B，which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties where people hang out together and chat.When mid

33、dle age comes，things have settled down for most people.This period will be dominated(支配) by more “sophisticated” music，such as jazz and classical，as well as more catchy music like country，folk，and blues.“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a requirement f

34、or relaxing，emotive(有感染力的) music，” Jason Rentfrow，a researcher member，told The telegraph.But you must be thinking：“Arent there old people who are still into rock music？” Of course there are.But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed.“We use music for diffe

35、rent reasons，” he said，and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.语篇解读本文主要讲述了“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？” 研究发现音乐品味随着年龄的增长而变化。6.Why do children usually like different songs from their parents according to the passage?A.Children prefer cool music.B.Music taste changes with age.C.P

36、arents songs are always dull.D.Parents have better social circumstances.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“But here is what scientists found recently：peoples music tastes change as they age”可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化，所以孩子与父母喜欢的音乐不同。可知答案为B。7.The underlined word “catchy” in Paragraph 7 probably means “ ”.A.touching and easi

37、ly rememberedB.awkward and easily capturedC.elegant but difficult to understandD.flexible and difficult to catch答案A解析词义猜测题。由该画线词后列举的例子，如乡村音乐、民谣音乐和蓝调音乐，以及倒数第二段中的“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(动情的) music”可知，画线词的意思是“吸

38、引人的，容易记住的”，故答案为A。8.Middle age is a period when people .A.have an aggressive goalB.like pop and R&BC.desire close connections with othersD.lead a stressful life答案D解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(动情的)

39、music”可知，对很多人来说，这个人生阶段经常被工作和家庭所累，需要放松的、有感染力的音乐。由此可知，中年是一个有压力的生活时期。故答案为D。9.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Old people dont like rock music.B.Music can serve as a reminder.C.Rock music makes old people younger.D.Listening to rock music needs reasons.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We use music for dif

40、ferent reasons， he said，and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.”可知，音乐可以作为一个引起人回忆的事物。故答案为B。10.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Why do people like music?B.How can you improve your music talent?C.What influences peoples music taste?D.Why do different people like

41、 different music?答案C解析主旨大意题。根据文章第一段及第二段首句可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化。所以本文讲述的是“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？”故选C。题型组合练(十五).单项填空1. many people said the smartphone made their lives easier，others pointed out its shortcomings.A.If B.OnceC.Unless D.While答案D解析句意为：虽然很多人说智能手机让他们的生活更轻松，但也有人指出了它的缺点。if如果；once一旦；unless除非。前后句之间是让步关系，whi

42、le在此是从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，符合语境。故选D。2.Exerciseor at least get moving，which helps the blood to and gets ideas moving around.A.circulate B.transformC.accelerate D.develop答案A解析句意为：做锻炼，至少(身体)活动一下，有助于血液循环，想出好主意。circulate传播，循环；transform转变，改变；accelerate加速，促进；develop发展，形成。故选A。3.A large quantity of books and newspa

43、pers in foreign languages up to now，not to mention those in Chinese.A.has been subscribed toB.have been subscribed toC.had been subscribed toD.is subscribed to答案B解析句意为：到目前为止，大量的外语书籍和报纸已经被订阅了，更别提那些中文的。主语是books and newspapers，谓语用复数，且主谓之间是被动关系，且由up to now可知应用现在完成时。故选B。4.Do you have any shoes which my j

44、acket?Im afraid not.But you may have more choices.A.agree with B.begin withC.go with D.compare with答案C解析句意为：有和我夹克相配的鞋吗？恐怕没有了。但是你可以有更多的选择。agree with与某人(观点)一致，同意(赞同)某人的意见；begin with以开始，从开始；go with相伴，跟相配；compare with(把)与相比，比得上，可与相比，比较。故选C。5.The argument arouses quite in society it is good to cancel Eng

45、lish test in the College Entrance Examination.A.why B.where C.what D.whether答案D解析句意为：在高考中取消英语考试是否有好处，这常常引起社会的争论。whether在此处引导同位语从句，故选D。6.The retired teacher said，“By the year 2020，my savings off all my debts.”A.will have paid B.would have paidC.have paid D.had paid答案A解析句意为：这位退休教师说，“到2020年，我的存款将还清我所有的

46、债务。”将来完成时表示“到将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作”，符合语境。故选A。7.What Im going to say may offend some sensitive listeners at the meeting， I offer my apologies in advance.A.from whom B.for whomC.to whom D.towards whom答案C解析句意为：我的发言可能会冒犯一些敏感的听众，我事先向这些人致歉。offer sth. to sb. 是固定搭配。这是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。故选C。8.Our country has su

47、ccessfully established the temporary space lab，which proves that，with and determination，all obstacles can be overcome.A.requirement B.commitmentC.extension D.distinction答案B解析句意为：我国已成功建立了临时太空实验室，这证明，有了投入和决心，所有的障碍都能被克服。requirement要求；commitment投入，奉献；extension延期，延伸；distinction区别，差别。故选B。9.As has been a c

48、onsensus，though someone has different opinions，that under no circumstances any practice of dividing China.A.may we accept B.we may acceptC.we could accept D.did we accept答案A解析句意为：尽管有人有不同意见，但是我们决不可以接受任何分裂中国的行径，这一点已形成共识。under no circumstances“决不”，当其位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。由语境可知应用一般现在时，排除D项。故选A。10.Is this your f

49、avorite?The new kind of computer is OK style，but its a bit out of color，Im afraid.A.in spite of B.regardless ofC.in terms of D.for the sake of答案C解析句意为：这是你的最爱吗？这种新型电脑在款式方面没有问题，但是颜色恐怕有点过时了。in spite of虽然，尽管；regardless of不管，不顾；in terms of根据，就而言；for the sake of为了的缘故。根据句意，C项是最佳答案。.阅读理解(2018河东区一模)When I ar

50、rived at university，I had nothing in my bank account but was given a brand new overdraft(透支).Id never had one before.So it was very exciting to spend money on shopping，nights out，and all the junk food my mum had never let me eat.I managed to max out(达到最高限度) my account within three months and suddenl

51、y life wasnt so much fun.I spent the last two weeks before Easter on a diet of porridge and became self-loathing(自我憎恨的) and I also blamed Asda(阿斯达超市) for all the two-for-one deals I couldnt resist.Now Im working full-time to repay my debts.Im also setting up a separate bank account for my student lo

52、an to go into to cover rent and bills.So Ill be able to keep an eye on my spending.With a lot of hard work and saving over the holidays Im hoping that Ill be in better financial shape for next year.After my experience in hallsbeing kept awake until 4 a.m.and work surfaces permanently covered in mind

53、Im looking forward to moving into a house with friends.The partying and social life in halls are fantastic，but sometimes youre put with people you dont get on with，and its hard to cope with that.It helped me to stay strong，but I wish I had stood up to them rather than felt bullied.I had a really bad

54、 time in my first year，which is why Im going to make the most of university next year.Im going to balance work with a social life，hit Freshers week hard and join some societies.With university handing me so many opportunities on a plate，I want to take up as many as I can and enjoy myself.11.The auth

55、or could do so much shopping as a freshman because .A.she was permitted to overdraft from the bankB.her parents sent her money through the bankC.she wanted to max out her accountD.she could work full-time答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I arrived at university，I had nothing in my bank account but was given a

56、 brand new overdraft(透支).Id never had one before.So it was very exciting to spend money on shopping.”可知作者在大一时被给了一个透支账户，所以他很兴奋地购物。故选A。12.What can we infer from the second paragraph about the author?A.She enjoyed eating porridge for her meals.B.She had to work to pay for her education fee.C.She regret

57、ted spending so much money on shopping.D.She wanted to borrow more money for shopping.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“became self-loathing”“working full-time to repay my debts”和“keep an eye on my spending”可知作者为自己的挥霍后悔，努力工作还债。故选C。13.From this text we can see that the author .A.gained a lot of money through workin

58、gB.didnt get on well with her workmatesC.felt bullied by her friendsD.worked and slept in bad condition答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“being kept awake until 4 a.m.and work surfaces permanently covered in mind”和“sometimes youre put with people you dont get on with，and its hard to cope with that”可知，作者的工作和睡眠状况很差。故

59、选D。14.The author made up her mind to next year.A.make good use of her university lifeB.find a better jobC.take up more platesD.form some organizations答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I had a really bad time in my first year，which is why Im going to make the most of university next year.Im going to balance work w

60、ith a social life，hit Freshers week hard and join some societies.”可知，作者决定明年好好利用她的大学生活。故选A。15.The author mainly introduces her in the passage.A.opportunities at first year of universityB.freshman experiences at universityC.working experiences at universityD.thoughts on her daily spending答案B解析主旨大意题。文中

61、作者介绍了自己挥霍后悔的大一生活，自己为之付出的代价和今后的打算。B项概括了全文的主旨。故选B。.阅读表达A brave 9-year-old American boy，James Barney，is recovering in hospital after he fought with a 9-foot,400-pound alligator with his bare hands.And he now plans to make a necklace from a tooth of the alligator，which doctors found in a wound on his ba

62、ck.James Barney spoke calmly and vividly about his experience in hospital.He was covered in about 30 teeth marks，doctors said.The little boy described that it was a hot day so he had parked his bike and jumped into Lake Tohopekaligaa lake that people are forbidden to swim inwhen he felt something br

63、ush against his leg.“It really amazed me what happened.At first，I thought someone was just playing with me，and I didnt know what happened，” he said.“I soon became calm and reached down to grab it，and I felt its jaw，I felt its teeth，and I didnt know what to do，so I immediately reacted and hit it with

64、 my hands.And I had enough strength to make its jaw open.” The child pulled the powerful jaws open long enough to slide out and swim to the shore quickly.Witnesses said the boy surfaced，screaming that hed been bitten by an alligator.They immediately called 911.“There was a big alligator，about five f

65、eet away from him，” one witness said.“He was crawling up the shore，screaming and crying and the alligator bit all over his back.”He was taken to hospital where doctors found he had suffered three superficial bites and about 30 teeth marks as well as scratches from the alligators claws.Doctors found

66、a tooth in one of the little boys wounds，which he wanted to make use of.“I want to put it on a necklace so that I can tell all my friends to warn them.And I will inhibit them from swimming in the lake，”he said.16.What did the boy use to fight with the alligator? (no more than 5 words)His bare hands.

67、解析根据文章首句“A brave 9-year-old American boy，James Barney，is recovering in hospital after he fought with a 9-foot,400-pound alligator with his bare hands.”可知，这个男孩是赤手空拳和短吻鳄斗争的。17.What did the boy do before he swam to the shore? (no more than 10 words)He hit the alligator and pulled the powerful jaws open

68、.解析根据第二段的句子“.so I immediately reacted and hit it with my hands.And I had enough strength to make its jaw open.”可知，男孩游上岸之前用手击打短吻鳄，让它的上颚张开。18.What did the witnesses do when they saw the boy? (no more than 6 words)They immediately called 911.解析根据第三段前两句“Witnesses said the boy surfaced，screaming that hed

69、 been bitten by an alligator.They immediately called 911.”可知，目击者看到男孩后，立即拨打了911。19.What does the underlined word “inhibit” most probably mean? (1 word)Stop/Prevent.解析根据画线词上文的句子“I want to put it on a necklace so that I can tell all my friends to warn them.”可知，男孩想阻止他的朋友去湖里游泳。inhibit最可能是“阻止”的意思。20.What do you think of James Barney? Give your reasons.(no more than 20 words)He is calm and brave，for he can fight with the alligator with bare hands and describes the accident calmly.解析由他敢赤手空拳和短吻鳄斗争，事后很冷静地描述这件事可知，他很冷静和勇敢。