2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionPeriod3素养检测含解析新人教版选择性必修第三册20210324113.doc

1、Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时素养检测 十一Unit 3Period 3. 阅读理解 In an attempt to handle the nations food wastage problem, Denmark has opened the worlds very first supermarketWeFood, which sells products that are damaged or soon expired. Ever since the grand opening in Copenhagen last Monday, people hav

2、e been lining up outside WeFood for a chance to purchase discounted items that would otherwise have ended up in the rubbish bin because of damaged packaging or very short use by date. The items at WeFood are priced at least 30 to 50 percent lower than at regular stores. “WeFood is the first supermar

3、ket of its kind in Denmark and perhaps the world, as it is not just aimed at low-income shoppers but anyone who is concerned about the amount of food wastage produced in the country, ” said project head Per Bjerre. “Many people see this as a positive and politically correct way to deal with the prob

4、lem. ”While Denmark alone is expected to waste about 700, 000 tons of food every year, the United Nations has stated that globally, food wastage amounts to 1. 3 billion tons. These are shocking figures, considering the fact that about 795 million people in the world are still starving. Denmark, howe

5、ver, has adopted several measures to clean up its act, wasting 25% less food than it did five years ago. One such active move is founding the Food Bank, a local nonprofit that distributes extra food to homeless shelters. The WeFood project is a cooperation between the Food Bank and a religious chari

6、ty Dan Church Aid. The WeFood and other similar projects have raised nearly $150, 000 over the past year. The store is now run mainly by volunteers. Profits are used to support Dan Church Aids other projects in developing nations like South Sudan. Provided WeFood remains popular in the long term and

7、 if it is able to keep up its food deliveries, Dan Church Aid plans to open more branches across Denmark. 【语篇概述】本文为说明文。面对世界越来越严重的食物浪费问题, 丹麦的哥本哈根开了世界上首家专卖包装损坏或者即将过期的商品的另类超市。1. What does the underlined word “expired” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Broken. B. Abnormal. C. Past-date. D. Rotten. 【解析】选C

8、。词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的. . . which sells products that are damaged or soon expired以及第二句中的. . . because of damaged packaging or very short use by date可知, 该超市出售的是包装损坏或即将过期的商品, past-date过期的, 故选C项。2. What can we learn about WeFood from the passage? A. It is managed by the Denmark government. B. It has won gre

9、at popularity since its opening. C. It has largely reduced the worlds food wastage. D. It provides foods for poor families free of charge. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中的Ever since the grand opening. . . people have been lining up outside. . . 可推知, 这家超市从开业以来就大受人们的欢迎, 故选B项。3. Whats the purpose of the the pas

10、sage ? A. To call on people to stop wasting food. B. To list some figures about food wastage. C. To present a successful managing pattern. D. To introduce a project against food wastage. 【解析】选D。写作意图题。本文主要介绍了为解决食物浪费的问题, 哥本哈根开了一家特别的超市, 所以作者的写作目的就是介绍一项反对食物浪费的计划, 故选D项。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项

11、, 选项中有两项为多余选项。Every minute, every single day, about a truckload of plastic enters our oceans. 1. _ And to date, only 9% of that has been recycled. We buy a bottle of water, drink it for a few minutes, and toss its permanent packaging “away”. We eat potato chips, finish them, then throw their permane

12、nt packaging “away”. We buy produce, take it out of the unnecessary plastic wrap, then throw its permanent packaging “away”. The cycle is endless, and it happens countless times every single day. 2. _ As far as we try to toss a piece of plasticwhether its into a recycling bin or notit does not disap

13、pear. Chances are, it ends up polluting our communities, oceans or waterways in some form. For years, weve been told the problem of plastic packaging can be solved through individual action. 3. _ But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess. Recycling alone will never stop the fl

14、ow of plastics into our oceans; we have to get to the source of the problem and slow down the production of all this plastic waste. Think about it: if your home was flooding because you had left the tap on, your first step wouldnt be to start mopping. Youd first cut the flooding off at its sourcethe

15、 tap. 4. _We need corporationsthose like Coca-Cola, Unilever, Starbucks and Nestl that continue to produce throwaway plastic bottlesto step up and take their responsibility for the mess theyve created. 5. _. We will continue to do our part, but its time for the worlds largest corporations to do thei

16、rs. A. This is their problem to deal with. B. Plastic pollution is becoming very serious. C. But here is the problemthere is no “away”. D. In many ways, our plastic problem is no difference. E. We think that if we simply recycle were doing our part. F. Its impossible for us to get rid of plastic pol

17、lution completely. G. Since the 1950s, some 8. 3 billion tons of plastic have been produced worldwide. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。塑料污染正严重破坏着我们的环境。作者认为, 除了我们个人要养成环保习惯外, 那些制造塑料垃圾的大公司应该负起主要责任。 1. 【解析】选G。下句And to date, only 9%of that has been recycled. 中的only 9% of that暗示上文提到了塑料的数量, 因此G项正确。 2. 【解析】选C。上段出现了三次“away”,

18、 与C项中的there is no “away”相呼应。3. 【解析】选E。下句But the truth is that we cannot recycle our way out of this mess. 指出仅仅靠个人循环利用塑料制品是不够的, 与E项中的“if we simply recycle were doing our part”相呼应。 4. 【解析】选D。上文Youd first cut the flooding off at its sourcethe tap. 作者通过房子水龙头漏水一例, 来说明解决问题应该抓住源头。当然, 解决塑料污染也是一样的道理, 故D项正确。

19、5. 【解析】选A。上下文作者都在呼吁企业承担自己应有的责任来解决塑料污染问题, 因此A项符合语境。 . 完形填空One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her 1swung between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly2by an urgent call from her sister. “Get over here! Turn on NBC and check the

20、se guys out. They are just like you. . . ” One Facebook message and a phone interview later, Catherine3herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering desert heat of Utah, picking up trash and4awareness about zero-waste and climate change. With a deep love of the environment and a

21、desire to make a5, Catherine, Davey, and a group of self 6“environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast road side trash pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only covering 0. 9 miles in an entire day, they7and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a tot

22、al of 201, 678 pounds of trash. Catherine and Davey shared with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that 8 their efforts to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently 9how she would have enough money to fly home for their two-week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentifi

23、ed envelope10with $850 cash in the desert. Just enough to get her home and back. After their bus11outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where12 from all over the state came together with a13of c

24、leaning up trash all over the park. Being at the right place at the right time became almost normal, and they realized that much of what they14was more than just a coincidence. Together, their team learned to simply15themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey. 【语篇概述】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了凯瑟琳、戴维和一群

25、自命为“环保拾荒艺术家”的人带着对环境的热爱和想要有所作为的愿望, 沿着海岸公路边进行垃圾拾荒的故事。他们的故事也激励了更多的志愿者加入了这样的行动中来。1. A. handsB. balanceC. thoughtsD. position【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。 根据between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening可知此处指她的想法。故C项正确。2. A. disturbedB. interruptedC. movedD. frightened【解析】选B。上下文语境题

26、。她正在想事情, 这时来了电话, 当然是“打断”了她的思考。故B项正确。3. A. droppedB. cheeredC. foundD. taught【解析】选C。上下文语境题。一条Facebook信息和一个电话采访之后, 凯瑟琳发现自己和8个陌生人坐在一辆公交车上。故C项正确。4. A. abandoningB. shakingC. raisingD. hiding【解析】选C。词义辨析题。abandon“抛弃; 遗弃”; shake“摇动”; raise“提高”; hide“藏”。根据下文的awareness可知此处表示: 通过捡垃圾来提高环保意识。故C项正确。5. A. differe

27、nceB. promiseC. mistakeD. plan【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。此处表示他们希望他们对环境的热爱能够对环境产生影响。make a difference“有影响, 起作用”。故A项正确。6. A. correctedB. describedC. repeatedD. discovered【解析】选B。上下文语境题。根据他们所做的事情, 他们把自己描述为“环保拾荒艺术家”。故B项正确。7. A. slowlyB. secretlyC. helplesslyD. frequently【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。有时他们一整天才走了0. 9英里路, 所以是缓慢而稳定地穿越美国。故A

28、选项正确。8. A. madeB. fueledC. combinedD. sought【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。凯瑟琳和戴维与我们分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事, 此处缺少定语从句的谓语动词, 表示增加力气继续他们的旅行。故B项正确。9. A. worrying aboutB. replying toC. depending onD. meeting with【解析】选A。上下文语境题。根据how she would have enough money to fly home for their two-week spring break可知凯瑟琳一直在默默地担心。故A项正确。10. A.

29、equippedB. suppliedC. decoratedD. filled【解析】选D。词义辨析题。equipped“装备”; supplied“提供”; decorated“装饰”; filled“装”。她在沙漠里发现了一个空白的、身份不明的信封, 里面装着850美元现金。故D项正确。11. A. set offB. broke down C. headed forD. held on【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据下文they unexpectedly got help“没想到有人帮助了他们”可知“他们的车坏了。”故B项正确。12. A. membersB. volunteersC.

30、touristsD. reporters【解析】选B。上下文语境题。根据语境可知此处指“来自全国各地的志愿者们聚集到一起参加活动”。故B项正确。13. A. purposeB. questionC. decisionD. lesson【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据下文的cleaning up trash all over the park可知此处表示“带着目的”。故A项正确。14. A. introducedB. expectedC. experiencedD. reformed【解析】选C。词义辨析题。introduced“介绍”; expected“期望, 预料”; experienced

31、“经历”; reformed“改革, 改造”。他们所经历的很多事情都不仅仅是个巧合。故C项正确。15. A. turnB. limitC. compareD. devote【解析】选D。词义辨析题。turn“转向”; limit“限制”; compare“相比”; devote“奉献”。devote. . . to. . . “把奉献给; 投身于”。他们的团队在一起学会了投身于任务中。故D项正确。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our p

32、lanet. The good news is 1. _there are seven times more trees than we 2. _ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a 3. _(calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. Thats three 4. _ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr. Thomas Crowthe

33、r told the BBC that this new number is unable 5. _(change) anything. What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the Earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet 6. _ half. A good example of this is 7. _ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant

34、forests. Dr. Crowther said people are 8. _(responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation(毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “9. _ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr. Crowther added, “This study highl

35、ights how much more effort 10. _(need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide. ”【语篇概述】本文为说明文, 主要介绍了地球上树木的现存状况。1. 【解析】that。考查连词。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导表语从句, 从句成分和句意完整, 故用that。2. 【解析】thought。考查时态。此处表示“比我们原以为的”, 故要用一般过去时。3. 【解析】calculation。考查词性转换。根据空前的a可知, 此处要用名词形式。4. 【解析】followed。考查非谓语动词。follow与three之间

36、有逻辑上的动宾关系, 故用过去分词作后置定语。5. 【解析】to change。考查非谓语动词。be (un)able to do sth. (不)能做某事, 为固定搭配。6. 【解析】in。考查介词。in half “减半”。7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。根据后面的从句可知, 此处应用定冠词the限定范围。8. 【解析】responsible。考查词性转换。根据空前的are可知此处应用形容词responsible作表语。be responsible for“对负责”, 为固定搭配。9. 【解析】extremely。考查词性转换。根据句意及句子结构可知, 空处作状语修饰形容词比较级highe

37、r, 应用副词形式。10. 【解析】is needed/will be needed。考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。主句主语effort与need之间为动宾关系, 故用被动语态。主语为effort, 谓语应用单数, 故用is needed; if引导的条件状语从句表示将来要发生的动作, 故也可用一般将来时will be needed。完形填空It is reported that Americans would discard(丢弃) over 130 million cellphones a year for the next three years. Cellphones are fille

38、d with 1materials such as lead, zinc(锌)and arsenic(砷). The discarded2will do great harm to the environment. There are, however, recycling programs for cellphones. 3, most people dont know these programs. The4to these problems is not heavy regulations, but education. Currently, students rarely learn

39、about environmental problems. If people understood the dangers of plastic bags, they would 5 reusable ones. If people knew what was in their fertilizer, there would be a change in their 6. Over the past years, American children have responded to education: After realizing the bad effects of smoking,

40、 the first place people 7was the school. As a result, the percentage of teenagers smoking dropped8. Education did work! Why not use it to solve environmental problems? Also, with more education about the environment, more students could go into9professions. With more bright people researching the cl

41、ean energy, we could 10from coal and gasoline to hydrogen or solar power more quickly. Of course, this education does not have to be11to schools. Any12can have exhibits on what you can do for the environment. Television PSAs(公益广告) can 13about not just general issues but14things people can do to prot

42、ect environment. With more children learning about their15and entering into relevant professions, our environment will be saved. 【语篇概述】本文为应用文。据报道, 未来三年, 美国人每年都将丢弃1. 3亿多部手机, 手机中的有毒物质会对环境产生巨大的危害。环境问题应该怎样解决呢? 作者认为, 保护环境重在教育, 但环保教育不能仅限于学校。1. A. usefulB. poisonousC. harmlessD. sustainable【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据空

43、处所在句的下一句“会对环境造成巨大的伤害”, 可推断手机里充满了“有毒的”物质。useful“有用的”; poisonous“有毒的”; harmless“无害的”; sustainable“可持续的”。所以答案选B。2. A. citizensB. buttonsC. phonesD. affairs【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据上文中的cellphones可知选C项。3. A. Luckily B. UnfortunatelyC. Eventually D. Originally【解析】选B。上下文语境题。根据空后的dont know these programs可知大多数人都不知道这些项

44、目, 这是不幸的。luckily“幸运地”; unfortunately“不幸地”; eventually“最后, 终于”; originally“起初”。B项符合语境 。4. A. reasonB. resultC. solutionD. attention【解析】选C。上下文语境题。根据下文的内容可知, 尤其是第三段最后一句可知, 此处指解决这些环境问题的办法。故选C项。5. A. decideB. chooseC. abandonD. restrict【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。句意: 如果人们了解了塑料袋的危害, 他们就会选择可重复使用的袋子。decide“决定”; choose“选择”

45、; abandon“放弃; 抛弃”; restrict“限制”。故选B项。6. A. lifestyleB. customC. foodD. place【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意: 如果人们知道化肥中有什么, 他们的生活方式将会改变。故选A项。7. A. argue with B. talk aboutC. set aside D. turn to【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意: 在意识到吸烟的危害后, 人们求助的第一个地方就是学校。根据本段第一句中的have responded to education及空处下一句可知, 学生对教育会有良好的反应, 且取得了很好的效果, 由此可知, 此处

46、指人们首先想到的是向学校求助。argue with“和争吵”; talk about“谈论”; set aside“把放置一旁, 不理会”; turn to“转向, 求助于”。故选D项。8. A. sharplyB. slightlyC. hardlyD. specially【解析】选A。上下文语境题。根据上文向学校求助以及下文的Education did work可知结果是青少年吸烟的比例急剧下降。sharply“急剧地”; slightly“轻微地”; hardly“几乎不”; specially“特别地, 专门地”。根据上下文可知选A。9. A. medical B. chemicalC

47、. environmentalD. physical【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据上文with more education about the environment“随着对环保教育宣传力度的加大”可知此处表示更多的学生可能会从事环保职业。所以答案选C。10. A. adaptB. transferC. lackD. produce【解析】选B。词义辨析题。adapt“改编, 适应”; transfer“转变”; lack“缺乏”; produce“生产”。根据空后的from coal and gasoline to hydrogen or solar power可知此处指能源的转变, 故选

48、B项。 11. A. blamed B. loadedC. addictedD. limited【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据下文中的. . . can have exhibits on what you can do for the environment. Television PSAs can. . . 可知环保教育包含多个方面, 而不能仅限于学校。blame“责怪”; load“使担负, 装载”; addict“使沉迷”; limit“限制”。故选D项。12. A. museum B. hospitalC. school D. shop【解析】选A。上下文语境题。根据空后的exhibi

49、ts 可知此处指任何一家博物馆(museum)都可以就人们能为环境做什么举办多次展览会。 所以答案选A项。13. A. inform B. broadcastC. declare D. debate【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意: 电视的公益广告可以不只是告知一般问题, 而是要告知人们可以做什么具体的事情来保护环境。inform“告知”; broadcast“广播”; declare“宣布, 声称”; debate“辩论; 争论”。根据公益广告的作用可知选A项。14. A. commonB. specificC. normalD. comprehensive【解析】选B。词义辨析题。common“常见的, 普遍的”; specific“具体的”; normal“正常的”; comprehensive“全部的, 详尽的”。根据general和but可知选B项。15. A. thoughtsB. customsC. surroundingsD. habits【解析】选C。上下文语境题。根据下文的our environment will be saved. 可知孩子应该了解的是他们周围的环境并且从事相关的职业。所以答案选C项。