山东省2021届高考英语二轮复习 考点透析解密10 定语从句讲义 分层训练.doc

1、解密10定语从句考点详解【考点解读】 定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句知识外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近几年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1. 考查关系代词和关系副词的区分。如: that, which和where, when的区分; that, which和why的区分等。2. 考查whose的使用。whose可以指代人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 后跟名词。指物时, whose名词名 词 of which of which名词。如： The classroom whose door/the door of which/of which the do

2、or is broken is on the second floor.3. 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和it，what引 导的主语从句的区分。 4. 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5. 考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom， 指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：

3、The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.6. 考查一些特殊的先行词。如: 当situation, point, case, activity, scene及period, festival, occasion等出现时, 要 注意具体情况具体分析; 作主语、宾语和表语时, 用关系代词that/which; 作状语时, 用关系副词where/when或“介词which”, 表示在某种特定的情形下。7. 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别。【高考预测】定语

4、从句是历年高考的重点，主要考查常见关系代词和关系副词的用法，比如which/that/as/ when/where的用法及区别性的选择等，及与其他从句如名词性从句的区别等。在高考的中主要体现在语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等中，且完形填空80%每年会出一道题。考向1 关系代词1. 定语从句中的引导词及其在从句中的作用所作成分代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whose/of whomwhose/of whichIs he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？(who/that在从句

5、中作主语)He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚才和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语)A child whose parents are dead is called an o

6、rphan. 双亲都死了的孩子叫作孤儿。(whose表示那个孩子的双亲)He lives in a room whose window faces south. 他住在那个窗户朝南的房子里。(whose表示那个房子的窗户)2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别情况说明只用that不用which先行词是不定代词或由不定代词修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰时先行词被the very，the only等修饰时主句是以which，what，who开头的特殊疑问句时先行词既有人也有物时两个定语从句中一个关系代词用which，另一个要用that只用which不用that引导非限制性定语从

7、句时关系代词前有介词时先行词本身是that时It is the best film(that)I have seen.这是我看过的最棒的电影。He is the very man that they are looking for.他正是他们在寻找的人。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈到他们记得的学校的那些人和事。3. 关系代词as引导限制性定语从句的用法（1）as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等，引导限制性定语从句时的固定搭配：the same .as .；such

8、.as .；so/as .as .She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。【注意】This is such a beautiful park that everyone wants to visit it.这是一个如此漂亮的公园以至于每个人都想去参观。This is such a beautiful park as everyone wants to visit.这是一个如此漂亮的每个人都想去参观的公园。句由于从句中不缺少任何语法成分，故从句在这个结构中为结果状语从句。句从句中动词visit缺少宾语，故应用关系代词as引导定

9、语从句。（2）the same .as与the same .that的区别： This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. 这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。This is the same pen that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那支钢笔。1.（2020.山东新高考.语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38.formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39. o

10、pened in 1759.【答案】which/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。2. （2019.全国卷.语法填空）They were well trained by their masters_had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词t

11、heir masters,在定语从句中做主语，所以用关系代词who。3.（2020江苏卷单项填空） Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。故选B。4. (2018新课标卷I语法填空)Two of the auth

12、ors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.【参考答案】that/which【答案解析】that或which 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。5. (2018新课标卷II语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of A

13、griculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【参考答案】that/which 【答案解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者whic

14、h。6. (2017新课标卷III短文改错)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【参考答案】 theythat/which 【答案解析】考查定语从句。they不能引导定语从句，因为指代things，所以把they改为that或者which。7.(2017北京卷单项填空）The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be ins

15、pirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查定语从句。先行词是 the little problems, 在从句中作 meet的宾语，故选关系代词that。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。8.Among the many dangers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when 【参考答案】A【答案解析】分析句

16、子结构可知，_sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。 因此A选项正确。句意为 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。考向2 关系副词1. 常用的关系副词：when，why，where(在从句中只作状语)2. 意义及作用关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when名词，表时间时间状语why名词，表原因原因状语where名词，表地点地点状语Ill never forget the day(that/which)we spent together last week.我将永远不会忘记上周我们一起度过的那一天。

17、Ill never forget the day when I got to know you.我将永远不会忘记我认识你的那天。I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks.我不喜欢他谈话的方式。Do you know the reason why(for which)he was so sorry?你知道他那么难过的原因吗？【注意】 在口语和非正式场合, when, where和why或相当于关系副词的 “介词which”结构可用that来代替并可省略。 Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink? 你知

18、道在哪儿我能喝杯酒吗？why或that引导的定语从句, 先行词是reason, 且reason又作主句 主语时, 表语从句不能用because引导, 而要用that引导。其句型 为：The reason why.is that.或The reason that.is that.。 The reason why he was late for school was that he was injured in the traffic accident on his way to school. 他上学迟到的原因是他在上学路上的交通事故中受伤了。The reason that he explain

19、ed at the meeting was that he had to look after his mother in hospital. 他在会上解释的原因是他不得不去照顾他住院的母亲。 “地点模糊”的先行词后跟where引导的定语从句。当先行词为 point, situation, conditions, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等表示某人/物所处的情况、发展的 阶段或表达某事的某个方面时, 用where引导定语从句, where 相当于from which, under which等, 表示“在

20、这种情况下”, “从中”等。 Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我们只是尽力想能达到双方共同坐下来商谈的地步。3. 关系代词与关系副词的选择依据考虑代替先行词的关系词在从句中充当的语法成分, 如果关系词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语, 就用关系代词；如果关系词在从句中作状语, 就用关系副词。The house where he lives needs repairing. which/that he lives in 他住的房子需要修理。Have you as

21、ked her for the reason that/which my explain her absence? why she was absent? 你是否问过她缺席的原因？辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因。 I dont like the man who always speaks ill of others. 我不喜欢总是说他人坏话的人。 I will never forget the days when we worked together. 我永远也忘不了我们在一起工作的日子。判断从句是限制性还是非限制性定语从句。A dictionary is a book that

22、 gives the meanings of words. 词典是解释词语意思的书。A dictionary is a book, which gives the meanings of words. 词典是一本书, 它给出词语的意思。判断关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语, 取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。This is the point where I disagree. 这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词, 故关系词用where。)This is the point (which/that) I disagree with. 这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语

23、, 用that/which引导, 也可以省略)1.（2020天津卷一单项填空） Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990 s, _he gave it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生一直拥有这幅油画，直到20世纪90年代初，他把它送给了孙子。句中包含定语从句，先行词是theearly 1990 s，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when引导。故选B。2. （2020.新课标卷. 语法填空）Because the mo

24、ons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语

25、，应用where引导。故填where。3.（2019江苏卷单项填空）We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。【答案】C4.（2018江苏卷单项填空）Self-drivingisanarea_Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonth

26、esamestarting line.A. that B. where C. which D. when【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。5.（2018新课标II卷短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【参考答案】which前加in 或which改为where 【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词

27、，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。6.（2016天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导

28、定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）7. Experiments wit

29、h domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where

30、相当于in which。故选B。考向3 介词+关系代词一、有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成介词关系代词结构，关系代词可以用which， whose，whom，不可以用that。介词关系代词引导定语从句常见的有以下几种结构：（1）介词关系代词Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。 （2）名词/代词/数词介词关系代词He wrote a book, the name of

31、which Ive completely forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全给忘记了。The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.那位老人有两个女儿，她们都是医生。（3）形容词最高级介词关系代词China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。 （4）介词关系代词名词I called him by the wrong name，for which mistake I apologized.我叫错了他的名字

32、，为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)二、介词关系代词结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词 与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。2. 表示整体和部分关系，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等 代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。John inv

33、ited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3.有时介词where可以引导定语从句，此时要和介词which引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from th

34、e window)三、 of whom, of which与whose的用法解析。1. whose的用法whose引导定语从句, 后应紧跟名词, 构成名词短语。The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard. 那位小男孩学习很努力, 他的父亲是位工程师。whose引导定语从句时, 先行词既可指人, 也可指物。The bicycle, whose brake was damaged, has now been repaired. 那辆自行车的闸坏了, 现在已修好了。whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语, 可以与介词

35、一起放在先行词与从句之间。 在whose引导的定语从句中, 可用of which代替whose, 但词序不同, 即“whose名词the名词 ofwhich”；而用of whom代替时只能指人, 有时可以与whose互换。The boss, in whose factory Marys father once worked, is kind to her. 老板对玛丽很好, 玛丽的父亲曾经在他的工厂工作过。He lives in the room whose window (the window of which) faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的房间里。2. 下列情况只用of wh

36、ich或of whom, 而不用whose引导定语从句。定语从句的主语是some, many, few, little, much, most等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用 whose。Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you. 就是这些问题, 我认为其中一些对你来说有难度。Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the USA. 出席会议的大多是DNA专家, 其中大部分来自美国。定

37、语从句的主语是all, both, neither, each, none等词时, 用of which/whom, 不用whose。He has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 他有两个儿子, 都是医生。I bought him two pieces of clothing, neither of which he likes. 我给他买了两件衣服, 他一件也不喜欢。定语从句的主语是表示数量的词时, 用of which/ whom, 不用whose。Here are many books, two of which he borrowed. 这儿有许多书

38、, 他借走了两本。1.（2020.新课标.语法填空） In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。2. （2020.天津卷.单项填空）Dr. Rowan, _ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. o

39、f whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。_ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowans ”，表示“的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。3.(2017江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which

40、 B. its C. whose D. whom 【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the World Food Programme，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。4.（2016 江苏卷）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed

41、for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。考向4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句一、可以引导非限制性定语从句的引导词大部分可以引导限制性定语从句的关系词也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是关系代词that和关系副词why通常除外。1.

42、关系代词which先行词通常是指物的名词或代词，其中先行词还可以是短语或整个句子。The villa, which we saw yesterday, is very beautiful. 我们昨天看的别墅很漂亮。（which指代the villa）Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。（which指代整个主句的内容）2. 关系代词who,whom与whose先行词指人时，who在引导的非限制性定语从句中作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。Bobs father

43、, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt. 鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程，在埃及度过了四年。（who作主语）A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻的印象。（whom作宾语）I decided to write about Chaplin, one of whose films I had seen several years before. 我决定写有关卓别林的文章，他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。（w

44、hose作定语）3. 关系副词when与where关系副词在所引导的非限制性定语从句中作状语，where表示地点，when表示时间。Next month, when youll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临，届时你们将在家乡度暑假。（when指代表示时间的名词短语next month，并作从句的状语。）She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去居住，在那里她有几个密友。（where指代表示

45、地点的名词Macao，并在从句中作状语。）4. asas可以引导非限制性定语从句，常有正如的意思，所引导的从句既可置于主句之前， 也可置于主句之后。as多用于固定搭配中：as is known to all众所周知as has been said before如前所说as is often the case情况常常如此as may be imagined这可以想象得出as has been pointed out正如已经指出的那样as often happens这种情况常常发生as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的As you know, David is a photo

46、grapher. =David, as you know, is a photographer. = David is a photographer, as you know. 戴维是名摄影师，你是知道的。（as引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。）【易混辨析】as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别aswhich指代指代整个主句所表达的内容既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句中的一部分位置as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、句中或主句之后which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后意义常常有正如，正像，关于这一点的含义which引导的从句常常说明主句的情况，和主句往往有逻

47、辑上的因果关系。which的意思相当于and thisAs we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。（as引导定语从句，位于句首，指代整个主句内容）Allen has made much progress in English, which delighted us. 艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。（which引导定语从句，相当于and this，表示因果关系）二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句意 义起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整仅作补充或说明，

48、若去掉从句，主句意思完整结构要求紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号用逗号与先行词或主句隔开功 能修饰先行词修饰先行词或整个主句引导词所有的关系代词及副词关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外省略情况关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省The house, which we bought last month, lies in the center of the city. 那套房子位于市中心，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子）The house (which/that) we bought last mo

49、nth lies in the center of the city. 我们上个月买的那套房子位于市中心。（限制性定语从句，暗含可能有若干套房子之意）1. （2020.全国卷.短文改错）Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.【参考答案】what改为which【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：谢谢你的来信，你的信真正让我开心。分析句子，逗号后的从句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your letter，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故将what改为which.2. (2018北京卷单项填空)

50、She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【参考答案】A【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。_ helps them keep fit是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。3.（2017新课标卷I语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good

51、 for the health.【参考答案】 which【答案解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。4.（2017新课标卷II短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改为interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.【参考答案】 which【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用whi

52、ch引导，故将that改为which。5. （2017新课标卷III语法填空）But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.【参考答案】 who【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， 64 has taken part in shows along with top models是非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。6.（2016全国新课标卷I

53、语法填空）But my connection with pandas goes back 64（to） my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66（permitted） (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【参考答案】when【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少状语，又因先行词是时间，故填when。难点剖析一、定语从句

54、中需注意的问题1. 当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。2. as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于下列句式中：such名词as .像一样的；the same名词 as .和同样的。3. 当先行词是time时，若time表示次数，应用that引导定语从句，并且that可以省略；若time表示一段时 间讲，应用when或at/duringwhich引导定语从句。This is the second time(that)the president has visited the country. 这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家。

55、This is at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。4. 定语从句中的主谓一致当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是one of复数名词结构时，关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有the very，the only，the first，the last，the right等修饰one时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most

56、interesting questions that have been asked. 这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一。She is the only one of the girls who studies hard. 她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。二、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。（定语从

57、句）Lets go where we can find a better job. 我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）三、定语从句与强调句型的区别定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制，关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而强调句型是对某部分加强语气，强调语气的连接词只能是that, who，并且句子中的It 没有任何意义；一般比较明显，而有时就难以区别，还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。It is a book that he wants.它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句，就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is th

58、is / that? 这样的问题，意思是：它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What does he want? 这样的问题，那么意思是：他想要的是一本书。显然，句子是强调句型。检测训练题组一 基础过关I. 用适当的关系词填空1. I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，_my classmates recommended to me.2. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of_uses it di

59、fferently.3. John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of_are family members.4. “You cant judge a book by its cover，” _the old saying goes.5. Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children，_is quite unexpected.6. Mr Smith，_foot was badly hurt，was quickly sent to the local hospit

60、al.7. We live in an age_more information is available with greater ease than ever before.8. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_she would stay for an hour.9. The reason _all people present are opposed to the project is that it will cause much pollution.10.

61、What else do you want to say for yourselves? Well，there is one point_we must insist on.11. They have reached the point _they have to separate with each other.12. Ill never forget the days _we studied in the university.【答案】1. which2. which3. whom4. as5. which6. whose7. when8. where9. why10. that11. w

62、here12. when. 把下列句子合成一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句1. He is waiting for his passport. He spent 100 dollars on his passport._2. Cuzoo lies in the south of Peru and it was once known as the City of the Sun._3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris，and Paris is the capital of France._4. The poor cat lived through the

63、 cold and snowy winter. It was beyond my expectation._5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year and 80% of them are sold abroad._【答案】1. He is waiting for his passport, on which he spent 100 dollars.2. In the south of Peru lies Cuzco, which was once known as the City of the Sun

64、.3. My brother, Jim, is working in Paris, which is the capital of France.4. The poor cat lived through the cold and snowy winter, which was beyond my expectation.5. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 单句改错1Some of the boys I invited them didnt

65、 come._2Anyone who break the rules will be punished._3Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth._4This is the house where we lived in last year._5This factory is that I worked in._6Such people who you know are very friendly._7Now children dont play the same games like we played in the past._8

66、. The earth is round，that circles round the sun._9. He had two sons，both of them are college students._10. He failed in the exam，as made his father very angry._11. I may have to work late，in that case Ill phone you._12. He visited the Great Wall again，there he went two years ago._【答案】1.去掉them2.break

67、breaks3.在Children后加who/that4.wherethat/which或去掉in5.在is后加the one6.whoas7.likeas8.thatwhich9.themwhom10.aswhich11.thatwhich12.therewhere题组二 真题在线1.（2020.全国卷.语法填空）61. In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中

68、作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。2. （2020.全国卷.语法填空）Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.【答案】what改成that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：出于对妈妈好意的理解，我满怀感激地吃着妈妈提供的所有食物。这里含有一个定语从句，先行词是all the food，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，可用that或which，先行词被all所修饰，只能使用that，不能使用which，且what不能引导定语从句，所以wha

69、t改成that。3. （2019.全国卷.语法填空）They were trained by their master_64_had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词their masters。将先行词代入定语从句后为：Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.由此可知关系词在从句中做主语，所以要用关系代词who.4. （2018江苏卷单项填空）elf-drivingisan

70、area_Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestarting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。5.（2018天津卷单项填空）Kate, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. t

71、hatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。6.（2018北京卷单项填空）She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。_ helps them keep fit是非限

72、制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中作主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。7.（2017北京）The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。8.【2017天津】9. My eldest son, _ work tak

73、es him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句。先行词my elder son,根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有whose 修饰名词作定语，意为：.的.。故选B。9.（2016北京）I live next door to a couple _children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. why

74、C. whereD. which【答案】A【解析】句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子总是很吵闹。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从 句修饰a couple,且关系词在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。10. （2015浙江）Creating an atmosphere _employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.A. asB. whoseC. in whichD. at which【答案】C【解析】句意:营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。先行词是atmosphere, 空 处在定语从句中作地点状语,

75、 在氛围中用介词in,所以选C。11. （2015天津）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _his employees enjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【解析】句意:公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工们可以在其中快乐工作的轻松的氛围。空处替代先行词 atmosphere,且在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词。12. （2015天津）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always lo

76、nging for the time _he should be able to be independent.A. whichB. whereC. whomD. when【答案】D【解析】句意:作为家里孩子中最小的一个,Alex一直渴望着他能够有独立的时间。根据句子结构来判断,此句中the time后面是一个定语从句,且空处在从句中作状语,表示时间,所以要用关系副词when。13.（2015安徽）Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.A. itB. thatC.

77、whoseD. which【答案】D【解析】Some experts think是主句,主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句;在名词skill之后则是一个由介词upon+关系代词引导的定语从句,定语从句中的主语school education前不需要加限定词,故排除作定语的whose,此处应填入关系代词which。句意:一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。14.（2016江苏）Many young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A.of whichB.

78、of themC.of whomD.of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是young people, most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用most of whom。因为先行词指人,不能选择of which。15.（2016浙江）Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _has been proved.A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意:科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中没有

79、一个得到了证明。该句中的先行词是many theories,关系词在定语从句中作of的宾语,应该用关系代词which, none of which共同构成从句的主语,故选B 项。16.（2016天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _the weather may be better.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,先行词为next week, 且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故用when。17.（2016湖南）It is

80、a truly delightful place, _looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.A.asB.whereC.thatD.which【答案】D【解析】句意：这实在是一个招人喜欢的地方。它看起来一定和一百年前一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的农舍。先行词是place,非限制性定语从句缺主语，故选D。as引导非限制性定语从句时往往有正如，就像的意思。18.（2015四川）The books on the desk, _covers are shi

81、ny, are prizes for us.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意:桌上的书是给我们的奖品,这些书的封面是光亮的。定语从句的先行词为books,它与定语从句的主语是所属关系,所以用关系代词whose引导定语从句。题组三 名校模拟. 语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In the middle of April, if you walk through Jinghong, which is1capital of the Xishuangbanna region in Yunnan provin

82、ce,2(chance) are that youll get very, very wet. The Dai people will be celebrating their Water Splashing(泼水) Festival from April 13 to 16, marking the new year for the Dai ethnic minority.Lonely Planet, one of the worlds3(large) travel brands, has described what happens: People race around the stree

83、ts of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking(浸透) every person4sight with buckets of water.5(tradition), water would be collected and poured only on family members as a symbolic way6(ensure) good luck in the coming year. The Dai people believe that the wetter you get, the luckier you will be.

84、Although water7(play) a vital role in the celebration, there is much more to the festival, especially during the first two days8water splashing is comparatively kept under control, according to Lonely Planet. People wear their best clothes, while older women in nearby villages9(dress) in traditional

85、 outfits(服装). They gather with their families and visit Dai temples. There, they wash the statues of the Buddha(佛) with water, a practice10(know) as Bathing the Buddha【语篇解读】本文介绍了四月份西双版纳景洪市傣族人的泼水节。1the 考查定冠词。此处特指西双版纳傣族自治州的首府，故用定冠词the。2chances 考查名词单复数。你可能会像落汤鸡一样。空后的谓语动词是are,故空处应用名词复数。chances are that.

86、是固定句型，意为可能。3largest 考查形容词最高级。孤独星球是全球最大的旅游品牌之一。故用形容词最高级。4in 考查固定词组。in sight看得见的，在视力范围之内的。5Traditionally 考查副词。传统上来说，人们收集水并只将水泼到家人身上。此处应用副词作状语。traditionally传统上来说。6to ensure 考查非谓语动词。way后常跟不定式或者of doing作定语，故此处填to ensure。7plays 考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，且下文用的是一般现在时，故此处亦用一般现在时；water 是物质名词，不可数，故空处用谓语动词的单数形式。8when

87、考查定语从句。先行词days 是指时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用when。9are dressed 考查语态。附近村庄的年纪较大的女人们穿着传统服饰。be dressed in穿着。10known 考查非谓语动词。在那里，他们用水洗佛像，这就是著名的浴佛习俗。be known as意为作为而出名，故用过去分词作后置定语。. 短文改错This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always bee

88、n waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return. Seeing that

89、, I offered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.【答案】This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to beup. Because I had always been waiting to read it,soa

90、t that moment I was very. Outside the library, I sawman driving around the small parking lot,to find a parking space. Hefor the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of libraryto return. Seeing that, I offered to return themhim. He thanked me and jumpedin

91、 his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someoneneeded it.【解析】第一处：pickingpicked。考查动词语态。根据语境可知，pick up和句子主语book构成动宾关系，故用被动语态。第二处：删除so。考查连词。so和because都是连词，不能同时使用，故删除so。第三处：excitingexcited。考查分词形容词。excited一般修饰人，而exciting一般修饰物。第四处：thea。考查冠词。man第一次在语境中出现。故用不定冠词修饰。第五处：trytrying。考

92、查非谓语动词。try和句子谓语saw之间没有连词。故用非谓语动词。此外。try和句子主语I构成主第九处：quickquickly。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词jumped，在句子中作状语。谓关系。故用现在分词作状语。第六处：headheaded。考查动词时态。由后面的was free可知，应用一般过去时。第七处：bookbooks。考查名词复数形式。根据a pile of可知，书不止一本，故用复数形式。第八处：tofor。考查介词。介词for表示为了，符合语境。第十处：someone后加who。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。【专题专练】.单项填空1. Is there a

93、 bar around _I can have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Edison made a lot of inventions, _ of great importance. A. which I think are B. which I think

94、 they are C. which I think they D. I think which are4. Ill talk about a newly-opened market _ you may get all _ you need. A. in which; which B. where; that C. where; what D. which; that5. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about itC. which you talked withD. y

95、ou talked about6. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It7. The fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where8. When lost in work, _ he often was, he woul

96、d forget all about eating and sleeping. A. what B. so C. just like D. as9. A football fan (球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football.A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _ we said goodbye to each other. A. which B. when C. why D. whe

97、re11. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which12. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office? A. 不填 B. in which C. that D. where13. His sister had become a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be. A.

98、 who B. what C. that D. which14. With the development of agriculture, the people _village I taught before have lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. A. which B. that C. when D. where16. He must

99、be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. it D. what17. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car. A. which B. who C. they D. that18. I, _ your friend, will try my best to help you out. A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am19. Is this ju

100、st the city _ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit _. A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /20. Its one of the most interesting stories _ I have _ read A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady _ I thought was your aunt.

101、 A. who B. whom C. which D. whose22. I remember that _ took part in the ball party had a wonderful time. A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what23. This is the largest clock in the world, _ the minute hand is six metres long. A. that B. of which C. which D. whose24. China is the birthplace of ki

102、tes, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here25. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. it B. As C. That D. What 26. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which B. whoC. whom D. t

103、hat 27. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. thoseC. whichD. what 28. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. thatC. which D. where 29. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all whatC. that all D. all 30. A child _ parents are

104、 dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whosC. whose D. which 31. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. whereC. in which D. the one 32. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in whichD. the one 33. - How do you like the book? - Its quite di

105、fferent from _ I read last month. A. that B. whichC. the one D. the one what 34. Which sentence is wrong? A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers t

106、o produce more food on the same amount of land. D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth. 35. The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. whereC. on which D. in that 36. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. on whichC. u

107、nder which D. which 37. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. whereC. that D. about which 38. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 39. He often helps the students _

108、 he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. whoC. when D. because 40. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. when B. during thatC. in which D. which 41. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _ he spent with his various students. A. when B. whichC. during w

109、hich D. on which 42. This is just the place _ I am longing to visit these years. A. that B. whereC. in which D. to where 43. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 44. The hotel _ during our holidays stands

110、by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 45. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. than 46. He is not _ a fool _. A. such / as he is looked B. such / as he looks C. as / as he is looked D. so / as he looks 47. Is that

111、the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 48. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 49. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of that B. which most C. most of w

112、hich D. that most 50. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that 51. _, the compass was first made in China. A. It is know to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to all 52. He is a man of great experience, _ m

113、uch can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 53. It was such a serious mistake, _ caused by carelessness. A. which I think was B. which I think it was C. I think which was D. I think which it was 54. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight, _ he had

114、been dreaming of for years. A. that / which B. where / that C. in which / what D. where / which 55. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker. A. who B. that C. which D. whom 56. I gave him a warning, _ he turned a deaf ear. A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which 57. My fathe

115、r has made me _ I am. A. who B. which C. what D. that 58. She is one of the few girls who _ passed the examination. A. was B. were C. has D. have 59. You may call on me from one to five oclock, during _ I am always at home. A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time 60. China is the birthpl

116、ace of kites, _ kiteflying（放风筝） spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A. from there B. where C. from where D. there Keys:120: DAABD BBDCD ACDCD BDDCB 2140: ABBBB DABDCADCAC ADCBC 4160: BADAA BCBCC DDADA DCDDC.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.She and her family bicycle to work,which helps them keep fit.2.Kate,w

117、hose sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.3.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.4.Self-driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.5.The little

118、problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.6.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of which has been proved.7.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,when the weather may be better.8.Many young people,most o

119、f whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.9.Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.10.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a m

120、ere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.11.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.12.He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.用定语从句及括号内的提示完成下列句子1.

121、This is the best film that I have seen(see)(我看过的) in the past few years.2.The result must have been disappointing, as/which could be seen from (see)(从可以看出) the disappointed look on his face.3.Youd better ask your teachers and parents for advice, by which means(means)(通过这种方式) you will make a wiser de

122、cision.4.Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone whose functions are more practical(function)(它的功能更加实用).5.This is the reason why he is leaving now(leave)(他为什么现在离开).6.Mary Brown moved to a place which/that lies near the sea(lie)(靠近大海),so she could go swimming every day.7.He got h

123、imself into a difficult situation where he must make a final decision all by himself (make a decision)(在这种情形下他必须完全靠自己做出最终决定).8.Its the same person as we wanted to find(find)(我们昨天要找的)yesterday.9.Learning strategies, to which(the) teachers attach/have attached(attach) importance(老师们认为重要的),have not yet drawn enough attention of students.10.Anyone who wants to show his personal talent(凡是想展示个人才华的人) can go in for the CCTV programme “Amazing Chinese”.