2021-2022学年高中新教材英语人教版必修第一册学案：UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS SECTION Ⅰ　LISTENING AND SPEAKING WORD版含解析.docx

1、Unit 4Natural disasters 先 知必 记 单 词重 点 短 语单 元 语 法话 题 写 作disaster; rescue; damage; destroy; affect; ruin; shock; electricity; trap; bury; breathe; effort; wisdom; suffer; supply; survive; power; emergency; calm; aid; crash; wave; strike; deliver; effectas if; in ruins; in shock; in the open air; on ha

2、nd; sweep away关系代词引导的限制性定语从句概要写作Section Listening and Speaking语音技能1清辅音和浊辅音的发音技巧辅音类别示例清辅音/p/pay，peach，supply，speed，spend/t/foot，sit，team，table，student，stop/k/kiss，class，clock，cat，sky，skirt/f/life，first，fast，father，far，photo/s/face，stop，study，star，sad，nice/fish，wish，wash，shirt，short/three，thank，mouth，

3、tooth，think/h/home，horse，house，he，his，him/tr/tree，try，train，trip，true，street/t/cheap，chair，check，child，watch浊辅音/b/bee，buy，but，black，blue，basket/d/dog，do，sad，bad，dad/g/big，get，good，guest，glass/v/very，never，five，fever/z/busy，easy，nose，zero/usual，pleasure，decision/that，these，there，father，brother/r/red，

4、room，run，right，rat，rose/dr/driver，dress，draw，dry/d/large，cage，bridge，change，job注意(1)在/s/后/p/要读成相应的浊辅音/b/(2)在/s/后/t/要读成相应的浊辅音/d/(3)在/s/后/k/要读成相应的浊辅音/g/2.以ed结尾的单词的发音规律(1)在清辅音/p/t/k/f/s/h/等后读/t/，如：watched, marked，finished，stopped，cooked等。(2)在浊辅音/g/v/z/r/m/n/等后或元音后读/d/，如：cleaned，played，prepared等。(3)在/t/

5、d/后读/id/，如：painted，started，visited, minded等。即学即练1选出字母组合发音与其他三项不同的单词(1)A.breathe B1engthCdeathDthank(2)A.sport Bpercent Cpipe Dtap(3)A.affect Berupt Cwhistle Deffect(4)A.cheap Bache Cwatch Dchild(5)A.cleaned Bworked Cwashed Dhelped2在含有所给音标发音的单词下面画线(1)Peter was sleeping on the pillow./p/(2)Its very di

6、fficult for us to finish it before five./f/(3)Bob will be back before six oclock./b/(4)Every dog has his day./d/(5)Time and tide wait for no man./t/(6)We visited the museum where there are some painted pictures./id/技法指导听力测试中经常涉及时间的考查，此时在听力材料中通常会出现多个时间信息。答题时应注意不要直接选取首次听到的时间词，而应把录音听完，注意其中隐含的时间信息词、时间状语

7、或句子的时态。最终的答案通常是对这些信息进行分析推断，特别是经过简单计算后得出的。典例1What time does the train leave?AAt 6：15. BAt 6：25.CAt 6：50.听力原文M：Im afraid well miss the train. What time is it now?W：Its 6：1 5. There is 10 minutes left. Lets hurry.分析此题考查时间。由“Its 6：15. There is 10 minutes left.”可知，火车6：25离开。故选B。典例2When is the man going to

8、 leave for New York?AIn October. BIn September.CIn December.听力原文W：Are you going to leave for New York in September?M：No. Im going to leave for New York the following month.分析本题三个选项均为表月份的词，录音中只听到September这个关于月份的词，考生很可能受误导而选B。但是对话中男士回答时用了一个关键词following。这个重要信息词说明他是下个月动身去纽约，从September算起，下个月自然就是October了，

9、故选A。对点演练1What will James do tomorrow?AWatch a TV program. BGive a talk.CWrite a report.2What can we say about the woman?AShes generous. BShes curious.CShes helpful.3When does the train leave?AAt 6：00.BAt 8：30.CAt 10：30.4How does the woman go to work?ABy car.BOn foot.CBy bike.核心单词1flood n洪水；大量v淹没；充满(

10、教材P48)Where are the floods?哪里发生了水灾？in flood (河水)上涨，泛滥under flood 遭受洪灾flood in/into. 大量涌入flood out of sth. 蜂拥而出Telephone calls came flooding in from the local inhabitants.当地居民的电话像潮水般打来。Memories of my time in Paris flooded back.在巴黎生活的回忆又涌上我心头。As a result of the flood, the transport of industrial goods

11、 and agricultural produce has been affected.由于洪水，工业产品和农产品的运输受到了影响。 即学即练完成句子/单句语法填空数以百计的人的捐款如潮水般涌来。Donations began _ from hundreds of people.The child was _ (泪流满面)The office _ (堆满了) applications for the job.Seeing what the homeless were experiencing, memories of her childhood came _ (flood) back.Larg

12、e quantities of food are needed in the _ (flood) areas now.Our washing machine broke down yesterday and _ (flood) the kitchen.归纳拓展：a flood of complaints大量投诉flood.with.把大量送至；使充满flood back (感觉或回忆)突然涌现flood the place with brightness让这个地方充满光亮佳句赏析：But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him wi

13、th questions：“Who are you? What antique shop？”但是当他终于联系到她时，女人就(在电话中)向他提了一串问题：“你是谁？什么古董店？” 2.rescue n&vt.营救；救援(教材P48)What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the floodhit area?救援人员和士兵正在洪灾区做什么？(1)n.营救；救援come to ones rescue 来援救某人rescue workers 救援人员(2)vt.营救；救援rescue.from. 把从中救出来rescue the compan

14、y from ruin 拯救公司免于破产Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.汤姆在回家的路上从河里救了一个男孩。The police came to his rescue and sent him home.警察救了他，并把他送回家。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子They are trying to rescue the company _ ruin.A large number of soldiers were sent there _ (rescue) those trapped in the building.The mot

15、her, along with her two children, _ (被从里救出来) the sinking boat by a passing ship.When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers _(赶来救援)他们拿我开玩笑时，你为什么不来为我解围？Why didnt you _ when they were making fun of me?我是第一个被允许拍摄保护野外大熊猫免于饥饿的特别看护区的西方电视台记者。I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a speci

16、al unit caring for pandas _ starvation in the wild.归纳拓展：a rescue team救援队rescue operation救援行动cry for rescue呼喊救援make/perform a rescue进行营救attempt a rescue设法(实行)营救rescue a child from drowning救起一名落水儿童同义词比较：rescue/saverescue：一般仅指从危险和伤害(如水、火灾)中拯救出来。save：普通用语，可指从危险、伤害中拯救出来，也可指从不良的精神状态中拯救出来。3.damage vt.损害；破坏

17、n损坏；损失damaged adj.被破坏的(教材P48)Which buildings were damaged in Seoul？在首尔，哪些建筑物被毁？(1)damage sth. badly 严重损害某物be badly damaged 遭受严重损害(2)do/cause damage to. 对造成损害suffer damage 遭受损害repair the damage 弥补损失Smoking can damage our health.Smoking can do damage to our health.抽烟会损害我们的健康。Plants were badly damaged

18、by the freeze.植物在冰冻期遭到严重破坏。This could cause serious damage to our environment.这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。The death of a parent can cause longlasting psychological damage.父母亲有一方去世都会(给子女)造成长久的心理伤害。 即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the _ (damage) wooden shi

19、p.The damage _ the computer is not very serious.Eating too much meat one time will do damage _ your stomach.Damage _ (cause) by the earthquake disaster was very serious.这个老农民非常难过，因为强风给他的小麦带来很大损害。The old farmer was very upset because the strong winds _ his wheat.The old farmer was very upset because

20、his wheat _ by the strong winds.常见搭配：形容词damageserious/heavy damage严重损害lasting damage持久的损害total damage总损失brain damage脑损伤environmental damage环境损害；环境破坏(the) damage from.由引起的损害(the) damage to.对的损坏suffer damage遭受损害pay for the damage赔偿损失prevent serious property damage防止严重的财产损失 4.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭destructio

21、n n. 破坏；毁灭(教材P49)2,400 homes destroyed.2 400所房屋被毁。句式分析此句省略了were。在简短新闻中常常出现被动语态被省略助动词be的情况。如教材本页中At least 8,500 killed也同样省略了were。destroy Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more precious to her than mountains of gold.阿利亚担心战争之火会毁掉这些书，对她来说，这些书比堆积如山的金子更珍贵。 即学即练辨析填空：

22、destroy, damage或ruinThose rare scrolls (字画) will be _ through long exposure to the sun.The building was completely _ by the big fire.My new sweater is _ by the ink splashed over it.He has _ his health through drinking.The smell _ my appetite, and I pushed the dish away.易混词语比较：destroy/damage/ruindest

23、roy指彻底破坏，无法或很难修复。damage指部分性毁坏，可以修复。damage the crop损害庄稼ruin指严重毁坏，常表抽象含义。如毁坏健康、荣誉等。ruin oneself毁掉自己5.death n死；死亡die v死，死亡dead adj.死的(教材P49)No deaths, no injuries.没有死亡，没有受伤。句式分析death n. U死，死亡(不可数)，与birth相对应，指生命的停止，死亡之状态，C死亡，死者，如：The fire caused 3 deaths.这场火造成三人死亡。a matter of life and death 生死攸关之事die a

24、heros death 英勇牺牲scare/frighten.to death 把吓得要命starve to death 饿死suffer death 遭受死亡Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death and everything else in between.舞蹈表达爱与恨，欢乐与悲伤，生与死，以及两者之间的一切。She regrets that she spent her youth travelling and not studying.她后悔年轻时旅行而不学习。 即学即练完成句子/单句语法填空这场炸弹袭

25、击造成数千人死亡。Thousands of people _ as a result of the bomb attacks.该计划旨在减少癌症死亡人数。The program is aimed at reducing the number of _ (dead) from cancer.No doubt the theater has contributed to the areas development and economic _ (grow)归纳拓展：be sentenced to death被判死刑death rate死亡率death of ones hopes某人希望的破灭词语链

26、接：v/adj.thn.grow v增长growth n增长long adj.长的length n长度wide adj.宽的width n宽度deep adj.深的depth n深度true adj.正确的truth n真理young adj.年轻的youth n青春6.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动；使感染(疾病)affection n喜爱；钟爱感情；影响；感染affecting adj.动人的；感人的(教材P49)82 killed, 500,000 affected.82人遇难，500 000人受到影响。affect sb. greatly 对某人影响很大affect

27、ones decision 影响某人的决定be affected by. 被感动the affected area 被感染处；被影响的地区have an affection for 喜爱Your opinion will not affect my decision.你的意见将不会影响我的决定。Diseases affect almost everyone.几乎每个人都生病。The students were deeply affected by the story.学生们被那个故事深深地打动了。对比记忆：effect n作用；影响have an effect on.对有影响in effect

28、事实上，实际上bring/put sth. into effect实行，实施，使生效come into effect生效，开始实施side effect副作用 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子With the governments aid, those _ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.Deeply _ (affect) by the story of the girl whose eyesight _ (affect) by the disease, all the students moved in

29、to tears.I feel a lot of _ (affect) for my grandmother, who often tells me some _ (affect) stories.显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。Apparently, blindly following others advice will _ (affection) our own judgment.The new law has _ (生效); surely it will _ (对有影响) the industry of the country.What _ you _ take up

30、nursing？是什么影响你去从事护理工作的？易混词对比：affect/effect/influenceaffect vt.指影响大，着重动作，有时指不利影响。effect作名词指“影响，结果”；作动词指“引起，使发生”。influence n&v.指潜移默化的影响。7.shelter n避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)(教材P49)Shelters set up by the government.政府建立的避难所。(1)take shelter (from) 躲避()seek shelter 寻求庇护construct a shelter 搭个避难所(2)shel

31、ter. from 使免于shelter under. 躲在下面They were standing under the shelter of a huge tree.他们站在一棵大树下躲着。We took shelter from the pouring rain in a bus stop.我们在一个公共汽车站里躲避倾盆大雨。 即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The great elm trees gave them shelter _ the wind.We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere _ (shelter)Hannahs

32、 Place is divided into several areas, _ (provide) shelter for people when it is so cold that sleeping outdoors can mean death.We reached an abandoned house, where we _ (避雨)Some parents are just too protective. They want to _ (保护他们的孩子免受) every kind of danger, real or imagined.归纳拓展：provide shelter for

33、为提供庇护a temporary shelter临时避难所under the shelter of在的庇护下a homeless shelter无家可归者的收容所shelter behind.躲在后面shelter the homeless收容无家可归者基础知识自测.单词拼写1When the volcano erupted, many villagers did not _ (撤离) in time, so they had to wait for rescue.2The crops failed because of the _ (干旱)3The _ (洪水) came about as

34、a result of the heavy spring rains.4We _ (躲避) in a car until the shower passed.5He dived from the bridge and _ (营救) the drowning child.6Wool usually _ (毁坏) if washed in hot water.7After the disaster, the spread of diseases _ (影响) human health and even leads to death.8The volcanic eruption damaged a

35、lot of farmland and _ (毁坏) many houses.9A _ (直升机) has been sent to pick up the sick man from the sea.10His wifes _ (死亡) was a great blow to him.单句语法填空1Touched by their enthusiastic expression of _ (affect), Mabry thanked them all.2She encouraged a sense of community by creating _ (shelter) and promo

36、ting education and services for people in need.3Mcintyre and his colleagues documented a widespread _ (die) of big tress that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.4Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to

37、cause surface flooding and other _ (disaster)5Adults understand what it feels like to be _ (flood) with objects.6I was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued _ starvation in the wild.7Without oxygen, the brain _ (damage) quickly.8Machines with specific purposes are associated wit

38、h living things partly because they might be able to prevent themselves from _ (destroy)9Water pollution did great damage _ the crops.10She described how she had narrowly escaped _ (die).短语填空volcanic eruption， slide into， be rescued from， do damage to， shelter from， be affected by 1The villagers had

39、 to evacuate because of the _.2The production of the machines _ the price of the steel.3The child _ the fire, but died soon because of the terrible burns.4The heavy snow _ the fruit trees.5These plants must _ direct sunlight.6Quickly we _ the bush and then watched.完成句子1躲在树下的女孩很快就离开了，消失在人群中。(定语从句)The

40、 girl _ soon left and disappeared in the crowd.2学生们被那个故事深深地感动了。The students _ the story.3你能告诉我们龙卷风发生时我们该怎么办吗？ (宾语从句)Can you tell us _ when a tornado happens?4当她看到老虎跳出笼子向她跑来时，吓得要死。She _ when she saw the tiger jump out of the cage and run to her.5从洪水中被救出来的那个人是我的邻居。(过去分词短语作定语)The man _ is my neighbor.学

41、科素养提升.七选五How to survive an earthquakeIf you are indoors：Dont run, but protect yourself. Dont try to run out of the building during an earthquake. The most important thing is to protect yourself as much as you can._1_. DROP down onto your hands and knees. COVER your head and neck with your hands, arm

42、s or hard objects. If possible, find a strong shelter nearby which will cover your whole body. HOLD ON to your shelter until the shaking stops.Find the triangle of life. _2_ so that if a wall falls down, it will create a space for you to survive._3_：Move away from anything that can fall. Move to ope

43、n areas. Buildings, trees, streetlights and power lines can all fall down during an earthquake.Find a shelter where you can stay. If you are near objects that call fall, _4_.Wait a moment before moving to any other place. Objects may also fall after an earthquake and there are always strong aftersho

44、cks. Observe carefully before you move away.If youre in a car：Stop. Stop your car as quickly as you can, _5_.Stay seated. Stay calm in your car. The cars metal body can protect you from falling objects.Drive away carefully when the earthquake stops. Avoid bridges that have been damaged or may be dam

45、aged by aftershocks.AIf you are outdoorsBIf you are in the forestCDrop, cover and hold onDbut you need more patienceEfind a shelter to protect yourself from themFSit on the floor next to a sturdy piece of furnitureGbut avoid stopping near a building or under a treeUnit 4Natural disastersSection List

46、ening and Speaking即学即练1(1)(5)AACBA2(1)Petersleepingpillow(2)difficult forfinishbefore five(3)Bobbe back before(4)dogday(5)Timetidewait(6)visitedpainted对点演练答案：14BCCB听力材料Text 1W：James, youve been watching TV for the whole evening. Whats on?M：Its a science program on the origin of the universe. Ill giv

47、e a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.Text 2M：Hello, do you have “The Best of Mozart”？W: Um, sorry, weve just sold out. But we can order one for you. If you give us your number, well call you when the CD arrives.Text 3W：Wed better be going now, or well be late for the train.M：No rush. Its 8：30

48、 now. We still have two hours.Text 4M：I am so tired of driving all those hours to work.W：Yeah. I know what you mean. I used to drive two hours to work each day. But now, I live within walking distance of my office. I dont even need a bike.知识探究讲练互动核心单词1flooding inin floods of tearswas flooded withflo

49、odingfloodedflooded2fromto rescuewas rescued fromcame to our rescuecome to my rescuerescued from3damagedtotocausedcaused great damage towas badly damaged4damageddestroyedruinedruinedruined5suffered deathdeathsgrowth6affectedaffected; was affectedaffection; affectingaffectcome into effect; have an ef

50、fect oninfluenced; to7fromto shelterprovidingtook shelter from the rainshelter their children from课时达标随堂自测.单词拼写1evacuate2.drought3.flood4.sheltered5.rescued6damages7.affects8.destroyed9.helicopter10.death.单句语法填空1affection2.shelters3.death4.disasters5.flooded6.from7.is damaged8.being destroyed9.to10.

51、death.短文填空1volcanic eruption2.is affected by3.was rescued from4.does/did damage to5.be sheltered from6.slid into.完成句子1who took shelter under the tree2were deeply affected by3what we should do4was frightened/scared to death5rescued from the flood.七选五语篇解读主题：人与自然(灾害防范)。话题：地震中的注意事项。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在室内、户外和车里

52、三种情况下遇到地震时，应当采取的措施。1答案与解析：C利用关键词复现法可解此题。下文的DROP, COVER和HOLD ON与C选项相呼应。2答案与解析：F利用信息前后照应法可解此题。本文开头If you are indoors与F选项中的a sturdy piece of furniture相呼应。3答案与解析：A利用文章给出的可解此题。本空前的说明本空与If you are indoors和If youre in a car一样，介绍的是地震时的一种处境，故答案为A。4答案与解析：E利用关键词复现法可解此题。上文“Find a shelter where you can stay.”与E选项构成关键词复现。5答案与解析：G利用转折关系法可解此题。G选项中的but说明它与原文中的某句构成转折关系。本空前的Stop your car as quickly as you can与G选项构成转折关系，故答案为G。20