2020版新高考英语考前保分训练江苏版练习：专题3 阅读理解 第3节 WORD版含解析.docx

1、第3节议论文题组训练一1话题：一分钱硬币是否取消难度：建议用时：7分钟Canada stopped making pennies in 2012，and with good reason.Coining pennies is a money-losing business，and people dont really need them anymore.The same is true in the United States.It costs $1.43 to produce 100 pennies.Last year，making pennies cost taxpayers almost

2、 $39 million.And for what？The federal government makes and distributes coins to benefit commerce，but not much can be bought for less than five cents.Thanks to the magic of inflation，what cost a penny in 1950 requires a dime today.In effect，removing the penny means all retail(零售) prices would end in

3、zero or five.Some prices would rise by a few pennies；some would be rounded down.Prices that end in 99 cents are common，and penny supporters have argued that removing pennies would amount to a one-cent sales tax.But Robert Whaples，an economist at Wake Forest University，actually examined this claim by

4、 looking at pricing data from a chain of convenience stores.He reported that the savings from prices rounded down would roughly offset the cost of prices rounded up.Indeed，consumers might actually benefit.Yet Americans like the shiny coppers(铜币).In a 2014 poll,71 percent of respondents said they did

5、 pick up pennies.And 43 percent said they would be “disappointed” or “angry” if the government stopped making them because Abraham Lincoln is on the front.Mr President，however，does not number among the sentimentalists.He said in 2017 he saw no reason to make pennies.“Its one of those things where I

6、think people get attached emotionally to the way things have been，”he said.He also offered what is probably the best explanation for the continued production of pennies：Congress struggles to accomplish even the most obvious tasks.The penny，Mr President said，is “a good metaphor(隐喻) for some of the la

7、rger problems that weve got”.The government，he said，has a poor track record of “getting rid of things that dont work so that we can then invest in the things that do”.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。既然一分钱硬币几乎没有实用价值，那为什么不取消呢？文章探讨了其中的几个原因。1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.America will follow Canada to remov

8、e the penny.B.Making pennies is far from unprofitable in America.C.America seems to be losing the necessity to make pennies.D.The negative impact of pennies is outweighing the positive one.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是“Coining pennies.people dont really need them anymore.The same is true in the United Sta

9、tes.million”可知，和在加拿大一样，在美国铸造一分钱硬币是一件赔钱的事情，并且人们已经不再需要它了。每铸造100个一分钱硬币，就要耗费1.43美元。去年，铸造一分钱硬币花费了纳税人近3 900万美元。这都说明，对美国而言，铸造这种硬币似乎没有必要了。故选C。2.Why do some people defend the penny?A.To reduce the sales tax.B.To express their love of coppers.C.To show their respect for Lincoln.D.To maintain the benefits of c

10、onsumers.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Prices that end.penny supporters have argued that removing pennies would amount to a one-cent sales tax.”和“Indeed，consumers might actually benefit.”可知，支持使用一分钱硬币的人士认为取消一分钱硬币会损害消费者的利益，也就是说他们维护一分钱硬币的目的是维护消费者的利益。故选D。3.What is Mr Presidents attitude toward making pennies?A.Neg

11、ative. B.Positive.C.Defensive. D.Objective.答案A解析观点态度题。根据最后两段的内容，尤其是“he saw no reason to make pennies”“a good metaphor(隐喻) for some of the larger problems that weve got”“has a poor track record of getting rid of things that dont work so that we can then invest in the things that do”可知，总统先生曾表示，他觉得没有理由

12、再铸造一分钱硬币了。他还觉得一分钱硬币是“一个很好的隐喻，象征着我们存在的一些更大的问题”，而且在“去除已经没有用的东西，以便我们在可行的东西上进行投入”方面，政府做得很差。由此可推知，总统先生对铸造一分钱硬币持消极态度。故选A。2话题：薯片分量减少难度：建议用时：7分钟This is going to ruffle a few feathers(激怒).PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavored chip bags，Hugh Johnston，the companys CFO，told the Associated Press.

13、“There might be an ounce or two less in those bags，”Johnston said.Actually，its half an ounce less.Regular Lays are sold in 10-ounce bags；flavored Lays are sold in 9.5-ounce bags；and both are sold for the same $4.29 price.That might not sound like a lot，but it will sound like a lot with a bit of simp

14、le math.Americans buy some $1.6 billion worth of Lays potato chips every year.Much of that is sold in bulkor merely in bags bigger than the standard ones mentioned above.But lets assume for a second that those 10-ounce bags are the only ones Lays sells.That would mean the company sells more than 372

15、 million bags of Lays in the U.S. each yearor 3.72 billion ounces of chips，at about 43 cents per ounce.It would also mean that that half-ounce difference is worth about 21.5 cents per bag，and about $80 million in total per year.That number is likely a good deal lower，but its not entirely unreasonabl

16、e.If Lays is charging an extra payment for the smaller flavored chip bags，its likely doing the same for the bigger ones，too.That tiny half-ounce difference might only mean a potato chip or two to you，but its probably worth tens of millions of dollars to PepsiCo annually.PepsiCo confirmed that flavor

17、ed and unflavored Lays chips are sold for the same price，but not in the same quantity.“This allows us to keep the same price point across the brand，”Jeff Dahncke said in an e-mail.He also suggested that the chip difference has nothing to do with extra profit.“The reason why there is a slightly highe

18、r price per ounce for flavored chips is the added seasonings(调味品)，” he said.But that doesnt appear to be the case.Some of the mark-ups are simply meant to make up for the added input costs of cheese，barbecue，sour cream and onion，and other flavorings.But some of them are also there (or not there) to

19、increase the potato chip makers profits.PepsiCo has a soft spot for its specialty potato chips，because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones，according to Johnston.Perhaps thats why Lays is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavors.The launch i

20、s part of PepsiCos annual “Do Us a Flavor” contest，in which it lets customers participate in the flavor creation process.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。百事对单包风味薯片偷偷减少分量，其辩解说是为了弥补原料上的额外费用，但作者认为并不是那样，其实就是为了提高利润。4.What did PepsiCo do to arouse public dissatisfaction?A.They raised the price of their flavored chips.B.They

21、gave short weight to their flavored chips.C.They changed the flavors of their potato chips.D.They put more seasonings into their potato chips.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的“PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavored chip bags”可知，百事在单包风味薯片上减少分量，这导致争议。give short weight是固定用法，意为“缺斤少两”。故选B。5.How is

22、 Paragraph 3 mainly developed?A.By listing figures.B.By giving examples.C.By analyzing causes.D.By making comparisons.答案A解析写作手法题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的“some $1.6 billion”“10-ounce bags”“more than 372 million bags”“3.72 billion ounces of chips，at about 43 cents per ounce”“about 21.5 cents per bag”“about $80

23、 million”可知，作者主要是通过列数据的方式来陈述第三段的内容。故选A。6.Why do Lays flavored chips charge more per ounce according to Jeff Dahncke?A.To make more profits.B.To upgrade their products.C.To balance additional costs.D.To satisfy more peoples taste.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The reason why there is a slightly higher price per

24、ounce for flavored chips is the added seasonings(调味品)”，并结合倒数第二段中的“to make up for the added input costs”可知，据Jeff Dahncke所言，风味薯片每盎司要价提高是因为添加了调味品，而百事不足量地包装其薯片是为了弥补由此造成的额外费用。故选C。7.Which can replace the underlined phrase “has a soft spot for” in the last but one paragraph?A.Has a say in. B.Has a look at.

25、C.Has access to. D.Has affection for.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones”及最后一段第一句“Perhaps thats why Lays is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavors.”可知，百事公司卖特色薯片比卖普通薯片更赚钱，而且他们亦准备推出一大批新的特色薯片口味，并举行比赛让顾客参与其创造过程。由此

26、可推知，百事公司对自己的特色薯片应是情有独钟的，画线短语has a soft spot for应是“喜欢某人(或某物)”之意。故选D。3话题：关于意志力的研究难度：建议用时：7分钟(2019江西师范大学附属中学三模) A large body of research has been developed in recent years to explain many aspects of willpower.Most of the researchers exploring self-control do so with an obvious goal in mind：How can will

27、power be strengthened？If willpower is truly a limited resource，as the research suggests，what can be done to make it stay strong?Avoiding temptation(诱惑) is an effective method for maintaining self-control，which is called the “out of sight，out of mind” principle.One recent study，for instance，found off

28、ice workers less attracted to candy in the desk drawer than that on top of their desks，in plain sight.The research suggesting that we possess a limited reservoir of self-control raises a troubling question.When we face too many temptations，are we to fail? Not necessarily.Researchers dont believe tha

29、t ones willpower is ever completely exhausted.Rather，people appear to hold some willpower in reserve，saved for future demands.The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down.High motivation might help overcome we

30、akened willpowerat least to a point.Willpower may also be made less vulnerable(脆弱)to being exhausted in the first place.Researchers who study self-control often describe it as being like a muscle that gets tired with heavy use.But there is another aspect to the muscle comparison，they say.While muscl

31、es become exhausted by exercise in the short term，they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term.Similarly，regular practices of self-control may improve willpower strength.The evidence from willpower-exhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Years Eve is t

32、he worst possible approach.Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas，so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time.In other words，dont try to quit smoking，adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time.Taking goals one by one is a better approa

33、ch.Once a good habit is in place，Baumeister says，youll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior.Eventually healthy habits will become routine，and wont require making decisions at all.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。短文列举了关于意志力的几种研究和观点，作者认为有了明确的目标，良好的自我监督和练习，就可以在面对诱惑时使意志力保持坚定。8.From the studies i

34、n the passage we learn that .A.people have unlimited self-controlB.high motivation ensures ones successC.willpower is hardly completely exhaustedD.too many temptations often lead to failure答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，研究人员不相信人的意志力会完全耗尽，他们还有备用的和为将来需求节省的意志力。所以从文章中的研究我们了解到意志力很难完全耗尽。故C选项正确。9.The underlined p

35、hrase “tap into” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “ ”.A.make use of B.run out ofC.build D.increase答案A解析词义猜测题。由第三段“The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves，allowing us to carry on even when our self-control strength has been run down.”可知，正确的动机使我们能够利用这些储备，即使我们的自我控制能力已经被削弱，我们仍然可以继续前进

36、。所以通过上下文的语境，判断出“tap into”指“利用”，与make use of同义。故A选项正确。10.The author compares self-control to muscles .A.to prove the long-term effect of willpowerB.to show the significance of regular exerciseC.to argue that self-control can he easily used upD.to explain the benefits of practicing self-control答案D解析推理

37、判断题。根据第四段最后两句的内容“虽然肌肉在短期内会因运动而疲惫不堪，但长期而言，它们会通过经常锻炼而增强。同样，规律的自我控制可以提高意志力。”可知，两者相比是为了说明同一个道理：长期的锻炼和自我控制的好处。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是为了解释自我控制的好处。故D选项正确。11.To develop a good habit，which of the following does the author prefer?A.“I will give up dessert and do exercise.”B.“I will set three goals this new semester.”C

38、.“I will read an English novel every month.”D.“I will keep myself from any temptation.”答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句的内容“一个接一个地制定目标是一个更好的方法。一旦养成好习惯，你就不再需要依靠意志力来维持自己的行为。最终健康的习惯将成为惯例，而且不需要做任何决定。”可知，C项“I will read an English novel every month.”是先设立目标，然后成为好习惯，作者更喜欢这种目标。故C选项正确。题组训练二1话题：温室气体难度：建议用时：7分钟These days e

39、veryone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint.In order to reduce global warming，we need to make our carbon footprints smaller.But how much CO2 are we responsible for?A new book by Mike Berners-Lee (a leading expert in carbon footprint) might be able to help.The Carbon Footprint of Ever

40、ything looks at the different things we do and buy，and calculates the amount of CO2 they produce，including the ingredients，the electricity，the equipment，the transport and the packaging.And its frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.But all of this can help us decide which beer to dr

41、ink.From Berners-Lees calculations，its clear that a pint (568ml) of locally-brewed(酿制的) beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer.This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away，and it uses more packaging.The local beer only produces 300g of CO2，but the

42、imported beer produces 900g! So，one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the supermarket.Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work.Nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike，surely? Well，it depends

43、on what youve had to eat before.To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food.So，if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half，our footprint is 65g of CO2.However，if we eat bacon before the bike ride，its 200g.In fact，bananas are good in general because they dont need packaging.

44、They can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.So，does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not.If you cycle，you dont use your car；and the fewer cars on the road，the fewer traffic jams.And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars travell

45、ing at speed.Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital.And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!So，maybe its time for us all to start making some changes.Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer，please.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章作者鼓励大家采取行动，减少温室气体的排放，并说明了一些具体的做法。1.Which of the follo

46、wings produces the smallest carbon footprints?A.A pint of local beer.B.A bottle of imported beer.C.A banana before a 1.5 km bike ride.D.Bacon before a 1.5 km bike ride.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The local beer only produces 300g of CO2，but the imported beer produces 900g！”和第四段中的“So，if we eat a banana and th

47、en ride a kilometer and a half，our footprint is 65g of CO2.However，if we eat bacon before the bike ride，its 200g.”可知，吃一根香蕉然后骑1.5公里自行车产生的碳足迹最小，故选C。2.According to the article，the author suggests choosing the local food because it is .A.more tasty B.easier to buyC.better packaged D.more energy-saving答案

48、D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away，and it uses more packaging.The local beer only produces 300g of CO2，but the imported beer produces 900g! So，one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign beer from the superm

49、arket.”可推断出，作者建议选择当地的食物，因为它更节能，故选D。3.The purpose of writing this article is to .A.promote a new bookB.advertise the imported beerC.instruct how to measure the carbon footprintD.encourage people to reduce the production of CO2答案D解析写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段可知，文章是鼓励大家采取行动，减少温室气体的排放的，故选D。2话题：暑假难度：建议用时：8分钟You

50、return from work on an August evening.Your unwashed teenage son is on the sofa watching TV，as he has been doing for the past eight hours.Your daughter，glued to the iPad，acknowledges your presence with a grunt(咕哝).Not for the first time，you ask yourself：Why are school summer holidays so insufferably

51、long?This is a more serious question than it sounds.Many children will return from the long break having forgotten much of what they were taught the previous year.One study found that this “summer learning loss” could be as high as a quarter of the years education.Poor children tend to be the worst

52、affected，since rich ones typically live in homes full of books and are packed off to summer camp to learn robotics，Latin or piano.A study from Batimore found that variations(差别) in summer loss might possibly account for two-thirds of the achievement gap between rich and poor children by the age of 1

53、415.Long holidays surely strain the budgets of poor families，since free school meals stop and extra child care kicks in.More time in school need not mean repeating the same old lessons.Some extra practice would be beneficial，particularly for those falling behind.But the summer could also be a time f

54、or different kinds of learning：critical thinking，practical skills，internship(实习)schools should be free to experiment.Space should not be a problem.Many school buildings sit vacant in the summer.Well-off children often already use the summer to broaden their minds and polish their college application

55、s a pricy camps or doing summer jobs found through connections.Schools should help the rest catch up.Other public services do not simply disappear for a quarter of the year.It would be unthinkable for hospitals or the police to do so.So why do schools get away with it?语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了放暑假给学生带来的一些问题

56、，并呼吁学校在暑假期间为学生们提供一些额外的学习项目。4.Paragraph 2 mainly discusses the different influence of on childrens “summer learning loss”.A.finance B.intelligenceC.culture D.activities答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述家境好的孩子在暑假期间可以学习拉丁舞、钢琴或者参加夏令营，而家境贫穷的孩子则无法通过暑期学习增长知识、开阔眼界；再结合该段最后一句中的“Long holidays surely strain the budget

57、s of pour families”可推知，本段主要论述了家庭经济条件的不同给孩子们的暑假生活带来的不同影响。故选A。5.What could schools do during summer holidays?A.Reviewing previous lessons.B.Offering various internship.C.Providing extra learning.D.Tutoring poor students.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“Some extra practice would be beneficial”和“a time for diffe

58、rent kinds of learning”可知，学校可以在暑假期间给学生提供一些额外的学习机会。故选C。6.What does the author suggest by mentioning “hospitals and the police” in the last paragraph?A.Hospitals and the police deserve praise for their service.B.Schools should remain in service during summer holidays.C.Children could take advantage of

59、 public service for summer jobs.D.Some functions of hospitals and the police could be served in schools.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，其他公共服务机构不会每年消失一个季度，而是全年开放。如果医院和警察局每年也有一个季度不开放的话，那简直无法想象，所以为什么学校可以是个例外呢？由此可推知，作者举医院和警察局的例子是建议学校在暑假期间也应该开放。故选B。3话题：购物难度：建议用时：8分钟A bargain is something offered at a low and ad

60、vantageous price.A more recent definition is：a bargain is a dirty trick to force money out of the pockets of silly and innocent people.The cost of producing a newfor exampletoothpaste would make 80p the proper price for it，so we will market it at 1.20.It is not a bad toothpaste，and as people like to

61、 try new things it will sell well to start with；but the attraction of novelty(新奇) soon fades，so sales will fall.When that happens we will reduce the price to 1.15.And we will turn it into a bargain by printing 5p OFF all over it.Sometimes it is not 5p OFF but 1p OFF.What breathtaking rudeness to adv

62、ertise 1p OFF your soap or washing powder or whatever！Even the poorest old-age pensioner(领养老金者) ought to regard this as an insult(侮辱)，but he doesnt.A bargain must not be missed.People say one has to have washing powder(or whatever) and one might as well buy it a penny cheaper.The real danger starts

63、when unnecessary things become “bargains”.Many people just cannot resist bargains.Provided they think they are getting a bargain they will buy clothes they will never wear or furniture they have no space for.Once I heard of a man who bought an electric saw as a bargain and cut off two of his fingers

64、 the next day.But he had no regrets：the saw had been truly cheap.Quite a few people actually believe that they make money on such bargains.A lady once told me：“Ive had a lucky day today.I bought a dress for 120，reduced from 400；and I bought a beautiful Persian carpet for 600，reduced from 900.”It wil

65、l never occur to her that she has actually wasted 720.She feels as though she had made 580.She also feels，I am sure，that if she had more time for shopping，she could make a living out of it.Some people buy in large quantities because it is cheaper.Once a couple bought enough sugar for their lifetime

66、and the lifetime of their children and grandchildren.They thought it a bargain not to be missed.When the sugar arrived they didnt know where to store ituntil they realized that their toilet was a very spacious(宽敞的) one.So that was where they piled up their sugar.Not only did their guests feel rather

67、 strange whenever they were offered sugar to put into their coffee，but the toilet became extremely sticky(粘性的).To offer bargains is a commercial trick to make the poor poorer.When greedy fools fall for this trick，it serves them right.语篇解读这是一篇议论文，讲述人们购物时盲目追求折扣却有可能造成不理性消费的现象。7.Which word best describe

68、s the language style of the passage?A.Polite. B.Foolish.C.Humorous. D.Serious.答案C解析推理判断题。通过全文给出的几个例子，如第四段买电锯结果把自己的手指锯了，倒数第二段的买了太多的糖结果放卫生间了等都能看出这是一种幽默的手法，故选C。8.What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?A.A bargain is worth much.B.The poor like bargains.C.A bargain is not worth buy

69、ing.D.Only a fool buys a bargain.答案C解析句意理解题。根据文章全文内容并结合文章第一句话可知，本文主要告诉读者，购买便宜货要慎重，因为可能有陷阱，容易上当，所以得出结论，便宜货不值得买。故C项符合语境。9.From Paragraph 5，we know that the lady .A.was too foolish to buy those bargains that were uselessB.focused too much attention on the discount instead of her needC.wanted to make a

70、living by selling clothesD.actually wasted 580 to buy the dress of low quality答案B解析推理判断题。根据关键句可知，这位女士只觉得自己好像从打折中“赚”了580英镑，而根本没有想到自己其实可能是浪费了720英镑，因为买回来的这些便宜货未必会用得着。由此可知B项符合语境。10.Which statement will the author probably agree with?A.Bargains are things people dont really need.B.Bargains are often real

71、 cheap products.C.Bargains help people make a living.D.Bargains play tricks on people.答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章，大甩卖不一定买到的都是需要的东西。故A选项绝对化了。由文章可知，大甩卖往往是某种刺激消费，如文中提到的买衣服和地毯的女性，买糖的夫妇，及最后一段第一句中的关键词commercial trick判断便宜销售就是商家玩的把戏，人们可能会因为盲目追求折扣而不理性消费，故B、C两项均可排除。故选D。题组训练三1话题：词源研究难度：建议用时：7分钟Etymology，the study of words

72、 and word roots，may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small，dusty rooms.Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job.They are in many ways just like archaeologists(考古学家) digging up the physical history of people and events.The special aspect of etymology is that

73、it digs up history，so to speak，through the words and phrases that are left behind.The English language，in particular，is a great field to explore history through words.As a language，English has an extraordinary number of words.This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily.For ex

74、ample，“English” words such as kindergarten(from German)，croissant(from French)，and cheetah(from Hindi) have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings.So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore.Another enjoyable thing abo

75、ut etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries(谜).No，etymologists do not go around solving murders，like the great detective Sherlock Holmes.What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words.One of the biggest questions English language experts have p

76、ursued is how English came to have the phrase OK.Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions，its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day.Even its spelling is not entirely consistentunless you spell it Okay，it is hard even to call it a word.Etymologists have been able to narrow OKs or

77、igin down to a likely，although not certain，source(来源).It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Burens run for president in 1840.His nickname was Old Kinderhook.What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well kno

78、wn.It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the initial source.However，it is clear that OKs popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。词与词的根源的研究，听起来像

79、是在小图书馆里布满灰尘的房间做的无聊的事情，但是现在词源研究已经越来越丰富和有趣，语言专家们像考古学家一样研究单词的历史和来源，词源的运用也更加多样。1.The author mentions the words like “croissant” in Paragraph 2 to indicate .A.words have changed a lot in the two languagesB.what English-language etymologists are exploring now C.English has absorbed many words from other f

80、oreign languages D.the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“This is partly due to its ability to adapt foreign words so readily.”和croissant是法国外来词可知，这里作者是想表明英语里吸收了很多外来词，故选C。2.The underlined word “pursued” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”.A.looked upon B.dug up

81、C.put in D.set down答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句“One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK.” 可知，英语专家们一直探究的最大问题之一就是英语怎么会有“OK”这个短语。这里dug up是“探索，深究”的意思，和pursued的意思最接近，故选B。3.We can learn from the passage that etymologists .A.discover the possible

82、origin of wordsB.help detectives to solve mysterious murdersC.write interesting stories for some newspapersD.explore the English language as well as the recent events答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words.”可知，专家们解决的是我们最常见的词的神秘起源的问题，

83、故选A。4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To present the history of English words.B.To explain the procedure of an etymologists job.C.To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots.D.To teach readers how to distinguish English and non-English words.答案C解析写作意图题。文章第一段点明主旨。词与词的根源的研

84、究，听起来像是在小图书馆里布满灰尘的房间做的无聊的事情，但是现在词源研究已经越来越丰富和有趣，语言专家们像考古学家一样研究单词的历史和来源，词源的运用也更加多样，故选C。2话题：界限难度：建议用时：8分钟Like a lot of health-care professionals，Dr.Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal life.“Theres this view that you should suck it up and do one mo

85、re thing，” says the ER physician and host of CBCs White Coat，Black Art.But that “one more thing” often comes at Goldmans expense.“Youre exhausted and a patient or their family look at you with begging eyes，” he says.“So you have this dilemma：do you say that your shift is over or do you give until yo

86、ure totally spent？” Goldmans work stress combined with family tension after his mother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago.Caring for her over a decade was difficult，as was dealing with his fathers grief.“When someone else is drowning you，you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself，” sa

87、ys Goldman.Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals；everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain.Here are some tips.First，“If someones behavior makes you unhappyand it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stic

88、k to their promisesthen theres room to set limits，” says Patrick Keelan，a Calgary psychologist.We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours.In order to control this impulse，Goldman suggests framing the development of boundaries as a form of self-k

89、indness.When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his father，Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you feel uncomfortable，unhappy or unappreciated.“You cant relate to others or be kind to others if you arent kind to yourself，” he says.Second，once youve become aware of

90、 your needs，setting and maintaining boundaries requires clear verbal communication.There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relationship：fear，guilt and self-doubt，says psychologist Nicole MaCance.We often fear that if we set limits，the other person will reject us，or we feel bad claimin

91、g our needs.Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become tense.Start by cooperatively listing valueslike mutual respect，support，and loyaltyand then building the guidelines from these values.If youre struggling to reach a consensus，Keelan recommends engaging a third party，such as

92、a therapist，to help.Now，if you want a boundary to stick to，you cant enable someone in breaking it.As such，its crucial to establish consequences for transgressions(越轨).Otherwise，McMance says，“youre giving them permission to violate that boundary.” If they wont respect your boundaries，you have to do s

93、ome soul-searching about the value of the relationship.“When you feel bad more than you feel good in this persons presence，and when the relationship is impacting your self-worth and happiness，its time to reassess，” says McCance.Saying no is hard，but she suggests framing it as saying yes to healthier

94、 relationships.“Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries.”语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章提到设定界限对忙碌的职场人士很重要。同时作者给出两点保持界限的建议：第一是设限，第二是清晰的口头沟通。作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。5.What do we know about Goldman?A.He is in need of support in his work.B.He is caught between his work and l

95、ife.C.He slides into the state of desperation.D.He always puts his family at the first place.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal life”可知，戈德曼发现他很难在他的工作和个人生活之间划清界限。因此答案选择B。6.What do the underlined words “this impulse” re

96、fer to?A.Prioritizing others happiness.B.Avoiding setting limits.C.Failing to stick to their promises.D.Framing the development of boundaries.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线部分前一句中的“we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours”可知，画线部分指“我们把他人的快乐和舒适放在首位”，故选A。7.Whats the best title of the passage?A.Do Co

97、mmunicateB.Do Not CrossC.Identify Your LimitsD.Say No and Mean It答案B解析标题归纳题。根据最后一句“Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have boundaries.”可知，作者认为当我们有界限的时候，我们都是更好的母亲、更好的伴侣、更好的兄弟。且结合文章内容：要设立边界，以此提醒人们在处理人和人之间关系的时候不要越界。因此选择B最符合。3话题：生产模式难度：建议用时：8分钟Before 1815 producing in the United S

98、tates had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans(工匠).As master craft workers，they passed on the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen.In addition，women often worked in their homes part-time，making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists.After 1

99、815 this older form of producing began to give way to factories with machinery tended by unskilled or semiskilled laborers.Cheap transportation networks，the rise of cities，and the availability of capital and credit all stimulated(刺激) the shift to factory production.The factory changed that.Goods pro

100、duced by factories were not as finished or elegant as those done by hand，and pride in craftsmanship(工艺) gave way to the pressure to increase rates of productivity.The new methods of doing business involved a new and stricter sense of time.Factory life necessitated a more rigid schedule，where work be

101、gan at the sound of a bell and workers kept machines going at a constant pace.The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily.The factory clock became the symbol of the new work rules.One mill worker who finally quit complained revealingly about “obedience(服从)

102、 to the ding-dong of the belljust as though we are so many living machines”.With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community.In this newly appearing economic order，workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life.Craft workers such as

103、carpenters，printers，and tailors formed unions，and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades Union.The labor movement made progress in the decade before the Panic of 1837，but in the depression that followed，labors strength collapsed.During hard times，few workers were willing to s

104、trike or engage in collective action.And skilled craft workers，who led the union movement，did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers.More than a decade of agitation(抗议) did finally bring a workday shortened to 10 hours to most industries by the 18

105、50s，and the courts also recognized workers right to strike，but these gains had little immediate impact.Workers were united in feeling angry or upset about the industrial system and their loss of status，but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms(对立)，gender，conflicting religious perspectiv

106、es，occupational differences，political party loyalties，and disagreements over tactics(策略).For them，the factory and industrialism were not agents of opportunity but reminders of their loss of independence and a measure of control over their lives.As United States society became more specialized and di

107、fferentiated，greater extremes of wealth began to appear.And as the new markets created fortunes for the few，the factory system lowered the wages of workers by dividing labor into smaller and less skilled tasks.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，在19世纪很多生产活动都是由技术纯熟的工匠完成的，他们注重产品的质量而不是速度。随着工业体系的发展，生产模式发生了巨大的变化，也给人们带来了很大的困扰。8

108、.What can be inferred from the passage about articles produced before 1815?A.They were primarily produced by women.B.They were generally produced in shops rather than in homes.C.They were produced mostly in large cities with large transportation networks.D.They were produced with more concern for qu

109、ality than for speed of production.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Before 1815 producing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by skilled artisans(工匠).As master craft workers，they passed on the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen.”可知，在1815年之前的生产都是由技术娴熟的工匠来做，注重的是质量而不是生产的速度，因此选D

110、。9.What does the complaint from a mill worker in Paragraph 3 convey?A.Clocks did not have a useful function in factories.B.It was difficult for workers to adjust to working in factories.C.Factories were most successful when workers revealed their complaints.D.Workers sometimes quit because of the lo

111、ud noise made by factory machinery.答案B解析推理判断题。由题干定位到第三段中员工们的抱怨，从第三段第一句“The first generation to experience these changes did not adopt the new attitudes easily”和最后一句“With the loss of personal freedom also came the loss of standing in the community.”可知，随着自由的失去，员工们对于工作逐渐变得不适应，因此选B。10.The author identif

112、ies political party loyalties，and disagreements over tactics as two of several factors that .A.created divisions among workersB.caused work to become more specializedC.encouraged workers to demand higher wagesD.increased workers complaint of the industrial system答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Workers were uni

113、ted in feeling angry or upset about the industrial system and their loss of status，but they were divided by ethnic and racial antagonisms(对立)，gender，conflicting religious perspectives，occupational differences，political party loyalties，and disagreements over tactics(策略).”可知，员工们在民族和种族的敌对、性别、相互冲突的宗教观念等方面持有不同的意见，这些原因导致了工人们之间出现了分歧。故选A。