广东省2013届高考英语新课标一轮总复习课件（北师大版）：第11讲状语从句.ppt

1、第11讲 状语从句翻译下列句子，指出句子中的状语从句1.Great changes have taken place in China in the last few decades.1什么是状语从句？最近几十年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化。句中无状语从句。2.Whoever breaks the law shall be punished.3.Being ill,she had to remain at home.1任何违背了法律的人必定受到惩罚。句中无状语从句。因为生病，她只好留在家里。句中无状语从句。4.There is life where there is water.1有水的地方就有

2、生命。句中where there is water为地点状语从句。1状语从句有两个特征：必须在句中作状语；必须是句子作状语。因此，在句中作状语，修饰句子或动词等的从句叫状语从句。翻译下列句子，指出画线部分状语从句的类别1.Every_time_I_see_action_movies_acted_by_Jackie_Chan,_I would get excited.2状语从句有哪些类别？每当我看成龙演的动作片时，我会很兴奋。Every time I see action movies acted by Jackie Chan 作时间状语。2.You should have put away t

3、he book where_you_took_it.3.The higher income tax is harmful in_that_it_may_discourage_people_from_trying_to_earn_more.2你应该把书放回原处。where you took it作地点状语。所得税高是有害的，它让人不想去赚更多的钱。in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more作原因状语。4.The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so_

4、that_he_could_sign_them.5.He got up so early that_he_caught_the_first_bus.2老板要秘书赶快送交那些信件以便他能签发。so that he could sign them作目的状语。他起得很早因此他赶上了第一班车。that he caught the first bus作结果状语。6.You will certainly succeed so_long_as_you_keep_on_trying.7.Much_as_I_respect_him,_I cant agree to his proposal.2只要你不断尝试，你

5、当然会成功。so long as you keep on trying作条件状语。虽然我非常尊敬他，但我不同意他的建议。much as I respect him作让步状语。8.Food is to man what_oil_is_to_industry.9.The employee behaved as_if_he_were_the_boss.2食物之于人正如石油之于工业。what oil is to industry作比较状语。这个员工表现得像老板似的。as if he were the boss作方式状语。2状语从句一般分为九大类别：时间状语从句；地点状语从句；原因状语从句；目的状语从句

6、；结果状语从句；条件状语从句；让步状语从句；比较状语从句和方式状语从句。翻译下列句子，指出句中的从属连词类别并总结各类状语从句1.The teacher is more strict with us than he used to be.3引导状语从句从属连词有哪些？老师比以前更加严格要求我们。从属连词than表比较。2.Do as youre told to.3.Whoever does the job,well pay him or her by the job.3按照吩咐的去做。从属连词as表方式。无论谁干这项工作，我们都发计件工资。从属连词whoever表让步。4.The system

7、 wont work unless all of us strictly stick to it.5.The_first_time I came to the city,I became interested in its snacks.3除非我们都严格遵守这项制度，它才会生效。从属连词unless表条件。第一次来这个城市，我就对它的小吃感兴趣。从属连词the first time表时间。6.The school is situated where there used to be a factory.7.Since there is no time left,lets go on with

8、the topic next time.3学校坐落在原来是座工厂的地方。从属连词where表地点。既然没时间了，我们下次再继续谈这个话题。从属连词since表原因。8.Always be in high spirits so_that you can face all the difficulties positively.9.He takes regular mild exercise so_that he is quite healthy.3总是情绪高昂以便你能积极面对各种困难。从属连词so that表目的。他经常做温和型运动，所以很健康。从属连词sothat表结果。3引导各类状语从句的从

9、属连词分别为：时间状语从句：when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,till,until,the minute,the moment,the second,every time，each time,the first time，the instant,immediately,directly，instantly,no sooner than，hardly when，scarcely when地点状语从句：where,wherever3原因状语从句：because,since,as,now that,seeing that,in that目的状语从

10、句：so that,in order that,lest,in case,for fear that,in the hope that,for the purpose that,to the end that 结果状语从句：so that，so that，such that，to the degree that,to the extent that3条 件 状 语 从 句：if,unless,as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,supposing that,in case that,on condition that 让步状语从句：tho

11、ugh,although,even if,even though,as(须 倒 装)，while(放 句 首)，no matter，whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever，whetheror3比较状语从句：(as)as,not as/soas，than，the more the more，A is to B what/as X is to Y；方式状语从句：as,as if,as though翻译下列句子，找出其从属连词1.On condition that you return the book on time,you can

12、 keep it for 2 weeks.4引导状语从句从属连词形式上有什么特点？假如你按时归还这本书，你可以借两个星期。句中从属连词：on condition that。2.The second I heard the cry for help,I rushed out of room to see what was happening.3.Considering nobody is absent,we are more likely to win the game.4我一听到呼救声，我就冲出房间看个究竟。句中从属连词：the second。鉴于无人缺席，我们赢得比赛的把握更大。句中从属连词

13、：considering that。4.Its a long time since we last saw each other.5.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.4我们好久不见了。句中从属连词：since。带把雨伞去吧，以防下雨。句中从属连词：in case。6.Provided everything goes well,the project will hopefully come to an end this June.4假如一切顺利，这个工程可望今年6月竣工。句中从属连词：provided。4状语从句中从属连词在形式上具有如下特点

14、：在数量上，可能是一个单词，也可能是短语。从属连词本身可以是连词，也可由其他词类转化而来。因而，从属连词在原始词性上，可能是连词，如since；可能是名词，如the minute,the moment,the second,every time，each time,the first time，the instant；可 能 是 副 词，如 immediately，directly，instantly；可能是现在分词，如supposing(that),4providing(that)；可能是过去分词，如given that；还可能是介词短语，如in case(that)。根据提示，完成下列句子

15、，注意状语从句与主句的时态关系1.When I arrived at the airport,the plane _(起飞了)【解析】had taken off主句“起飞”动作发生在从句动作“到达”之前。5状语从句的时态与主句有什么联系？had taken off52.What are you going to be _(当你长大时)?【解析】when you grow up从句动作“长大”与主句状态动词“干什么”同时发生，均用将来时态。但此处从句动词时态为一般式表将来。when you grow up53.She burst into tears as soon as she_(被告知)of

16、 her failure in the interview.【解析】was informed在as soon as 引导的“一就”句型中，从句动作与主句动作衔接紧凑，可理解为(几乎)同时发生。was informed54.Because I _(进行)a conversation with my parents,we reached better understanding of each other.【解析】had had从句谓语动词动作have先于主句谓语动词动作reach发生。had had5从句与主句的时态关系是通过从句与主句的谓语动词动作(或状态)发生的时间关系来确定的：从句谓语动词

17、动作(或状态)先于主句谓语动词动作(或状态)发生；从句谓语动词动作(或状态)与主句谓语动词动作(或状态)同时发生；从句谓语动词动作(或状态)后于主句谓语动词动作(或状态)发生。因此，从句和主句各自的时态应该彼此参照使用，注意彼此时态在逻辑意义上的一致性。但要注意在时间状语5从句和条件状语从句中，一般式表将来。如：When you come(不用will come)here tomorrow,I will be on the way to Shanghai；If I succeed(不用will succeed)in passing the exam next month,Ill be no l

18、onger stressed.时间状语从句的从属连词when,while，as用法上有何区别？根据句子意思选择最佳词语(when,while，as)填空(每空一词)1._she came in,I was watching TV.2.Would you please look after my pet dog _I was away on business?6whileWhen3.The head teacher laughed _he spoke.Obviously,he was satisfied with our performance.6as6表示“当时候”时，when可接短暂性或延续

19、性动词，既可表点时间，也可表段时间；while只能接延续性动作，表段时间；as强调两个动作同时发生，常译为“一边一边”。原因状语从句的从属连词as,since,because用法上有何区别？根据句子意思选词(as,since,because)填空(每空一词)1.It is _ he is ill that he isnt here celebrating your birthday.2._ you have known the truth from head to toe,I wont give any explanation.7 because Since3._ the weather is

20、 not so helpful,we had better prepare two plans in advance.7 As7表达原因时，使用as,since，because等从属连词，它们的区别主要是语气上的区别，但在实际运用中，语气是很难把握的东西，因此掌握相关句式和含义是关键。because语气最强，表示与结果直接相关的原因，可译为“(正/就是)因为”，所以常用于强调句型或回答why引导的问题。since表示顺承关系，表达说话者认为合乎情理的逻辑推断，可译为7“既然(就)”，此时用法上相当now that。as语气比较弱，常译为“由于”，不强调原因时，有时可与because通用。特别注

21、意，也可以表示原因，但它是并列连词，用法上注意两点：不放句首(语气弱)；引出补充说明的原因，不必直接翻译成“因为”。如：Come up to me,for I have something important to tell you(过来，我有要事对你讲)让步状语从句的从属连词though,although,as,while用法上有何区别？根据句子意思选词(though,although,as,while)填空1._ the Internet has so many conveniences,it also has a lot of inconveniences.2._ the actress

22、 is beautiful,I dont like her.8While/Though/AlthoughThough/Although3.Child _ he is,he is the first Chinese to travel across Europe alone by bike.8as/though 8表达让步含义时，常用从属连词though,although,as,while引导让步状语从句。while强调对比，只能放句首，以引出相对或相反的情况，译为“在同时，却(有相反的情况)”，此时可以用though或although替换。though与although大部分情况下可以互相替换

23、，既可放句首，也可放句末。as 引导让步状语从句必须倒装，此时可以用though替换，但不可用although替换。时间状语从句的从属连词till,until用法上有何区别？根据句子意思填空(till,until)选词1.Yesterday,I waited for you at the bus station _ 4 oclock in the afternoon.2._ you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.9until/tillUntil3.Not _ the war ended did he return home.4.It

24、was not_ the result of the exam was announced that he realized he had organized time badly.9until until9这两个连词意义基本相同。两个连词均可用于肯定形式，表示“做某事直至某时”，此时动词是延续性的。在否定形式表达“直至某时才做某事”时只能用until，此时动词为非延续性。另外注意表示“直到 才”意义的倒装句型和强调句型。10状语从句中“一般式表将来”的含义是什么？根据汉语提示，完成句子1.当你明天早上8点赶到机场时，我派车来接你。_at 8 oclock tomorrow morning,I

25、ll send a car to pick you up.When you arrive at the airport2.妈妈说假如我在英语演讲比赛拿到一等奖，就送我出国深造。Mum said _ in the English Speaking Contest,I would be sent abroad to make further study.3.假如你明天完成了所有任务，你可以提前回家。_，you can go home ahead of time.10if I took the first place If you have finished all your tasks tomorrow在时间状语或条件状语从句中，时态上常用一般式表将来，“一般式表将来”包括三方面含义：一般现在时表一般将来时(见上述句1)；一般过去时表过去将来时(见上述句2)；现在完成时表将来完成时(见上述句3)。10