2020年高中英语 Unit 3 Grammar and skills词汇讲解习题 牛津译林版选择性必修第四册.doc

1、词汇讲解+练习Part 1 单词拓展1. superior n. 上级,上司 adj. 更好的,更高的拓展：superior n. 上级,上司 adj. 更好的,更高的【反】inferior n. 不如别人的人; 级别(或地位)低的人 adj. 较差的;次的; 级别低的;较低的【联】senior adj. 年长的；地位高的；高年级的 n. 年长者；高年级学生【反】junior adj. 年少的；地位低的 n. 年少者；地位低者归纳拓展be superior to.比高明/高级be superior in在方面占优势be inferior to.低于be senior to.比年长/资历深be

2、junior to.比年幼/资历浅superiority n. 优越(性);优势自测默写【温馨贴士】superior, inferior, senior, junior这四个词均无比较等级,如表示比较,用介词to。【即时训练】I. 单句语法填空1. (2016浙江卷) In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even _ (superior).2. People love spreading information and sharing opinions not

3、because they think their thoughts are superior _ others.3. They finally lost the game, because their opponents are superior _ strength.【参考答案】 1. superiority 2.to3. inII. 同义句转换My brother is three years older than I.My brother _ _ _ me by three years.【参考答案】 is senior to2. prejudice n. 偏见,成见; vt. 使怀有(或

4、形成)偏见拓展：prejudice n. 偏见,成见; vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见prejudiced adj. 有偏见的,有成见的;偏颇的,偏心的3.consult vt. 咨询;请教拓展：consult vt. 咨询;请教consultant n. 顾问;高级医生或专家【同】enquire/ inquire v. 咨询3. respective adj.各自的拓展：*respect n. & vt. 尊敬,敬重respectful adj. 表示敬意的，尊敬的respectable adj. 值得尊敬的;体面的;得体的respectively adv. 分别地,各自地4. operate

5、 v. 操作拓展：operator n. 操作人员operate v. 操作；动手术operation n. 操作；手术5. hire 聘用拓展：hire vt. 聘用，雇佣；租用，租借【同】employ v. 雇佣；使用【反】fire v. 解雇6. leadership 领导应有的品质拓展：lead to 导致【原文再现】(P22L28) However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which

6、 led to Old English replacing Celtic.然而,诺曼征服对英语的影响远不及约六百年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语产生的影响大,那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。 自测默写(1) lead to sth./some place导致某事/通向某地(2) lead to sb./sb.s doing sth.导致某人做某事(3) lead sb. to sth.使得出(观点);引导某人(4) lead sb. to do sth.带领某人做某事;导致某人做某事【温馨贴士】表示“导致”的短语还有:result in; bring about; give rise to

7、; contribute to【即时训练】I.语境串词With him (带路), we got there without any difficulty. But for him, we would have been lost, which would (导致) serious consequences.II用所给词的恰当形式填空（1）Look over therethere is a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.（2）The convenience even leads fewer people (take) public

8、 transport.（3）The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs (catch).（4）（2019年全国卷I）It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.【参考答案】 I. leading the way; lead to II.(1) leading(2) to take7. commercial adj.商业的拓展：commercial adj.

9、商业的,贸易的commerce n. 商业；贸易8. qualification n. 资格,资历拓展：qualification n. 资格,资历qualify v. 取得资格qualified adj. 有资格的,合格的【联】quantity n. 数量9. applicant n. 申请人拓展：apply vi. 申请; vt. 使用,应用【原文再现】(P58L15)In 1998, he applied to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. 1998年他申请成为“921”计划(现名“神舟”计划)的成员。

10、归纳拓展apply sth. to sth.把某物应用(涂抹)于apply to适用于;申请apply to.for.向申请apply oneself to (=be applied to) 致力于/集中精力于application n. 应用;申请;敷用applicant n. 申请人自测默写【即时训练】I. 语境串词Interested in this subject, he _ to join the research team. Unfortunately, though the promised he would _ himself to this research, his _ w

11、as rejected, as there was another _ who was more qualified for the research. (apply)【参考答案】applied; apply; application; applicant II. 单句语法填空1. (2019上海卷) The Online registration feature does not apply _ evaluation registration.2. (2019全国卷I) You could apply _ (be) a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on

12、 local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.3. (2019天津卷) However, technology is also the _ (apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways. 4. (2018浙江卷11月) it can also be pricey if the schools you are _ (apply) to happen to be more than

13、 a car ride away.5. (朗文当代高级英语词典) He was one of 30 _ (apply) for the managers job.【参考答案】 1. to 2. to be3. application4. applying5. applicants10. delay v. 延长拓展：*delay v.（使）推迟,延迟n.延误,延迟【同】postpone v.（使）推迟,延迟delay vt. & vi. (使)推迟,延迟 n. 延误,延迟【原文再现】(P2L14)Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the U

14、K until 1967.在英国,定期的彩色电视节目的播出一直延迟至1967年。 自测默写delay doing sth.推迟做某事without delay毫不延迟地;立即postpone/put off推迟【即时训练】完成句子（1） （2019年天津卷）我立刻打电话向她道谢。, I called to thank her. （2） （2019年3月天津卷）通过延缓心理和生理功能问题的发展，人们在老年仍然可以参与社会活动。By mental and physical functioning problems, people can still be engaged in society in

15、 their senior years. 【参考答案】（1）Without delay（2）delaying the development of 11. relevant拓展：relate vt. & vi. 联系,把联系起来;叙述,讲述relation n. 联系;关系related adj.有关系的,有关联的12. seize vt. 抓住seize vt. 逮捕;捉拿;抓住;捉住;夺取;攻占 自测默写(1)seize sb./sth.(by.) 抓住seize the chance/opportunity of.抓住的机会(2)be (suddenly) seized by/with

16、突然感到(3)seize power夺取政权seize control of夺取对的控制【即时训练】【温馨贴士】grasp指用手、牙或爪去抓住或咬住,引申为具有充分理解那些由于自身或外界的原因而存在或产生的事物的能力。seize通常指突然有力地抓住某物,seize还可以表示“(疾病)侵袭;(情绪)支配”。【即时训练】. 语境串词经过一场激烈的战斗，将军夺取了这个王国的控制权。国王抓住机会想要逃跑。在他还没来得及逃跑,就被抓住了衣领。一阵恐惧感突然袭来。 After a fierce battle, the general _ the kingdom. The king _ escape. Be

17、fore he could run away, he the collar.He was suddenly a feeling of fear.【参考答案】 seized control of; seized the opportunity/chance to; was seized by; seized by/withII.写出下列句中画线部分的中文意义(1) (2019年天津卷) I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.(2) You are supposed to seize the opportunity and welcome the challenge. (3) They seized the land and distributed it to the peasants. 【参考答案】 (1) 侵袭；突然感到(2) 抓住机会(3) 夺取/占领了土地