新教材2022届新高考英语外研版一轮复习作业课件：必修第一册 UNIT 5　INTO THE WILD .ppt

1、五 必修第一册 Unit 5Into the wild(限时35分钟).阅读理解A(2021北京模拟)A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder,red eyes looking around.They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime.Perhaps theyre not so different.A new study,led by Damien Farine,an ornithologist

2、who studies collective behaviour,shows that the vulturine guineafowl of eastern Africa,like humans,have multilevel societies.In the past,scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower.But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.These large birds

3、 wander across the landscape in packs,often walking so closely that their bodies touch.They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies(等级制度),but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food.Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure,Dr.Farine and hi

4、s colleagues began a thorough study of their society.For a whole year,they made daily observations of 441 birds.Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart.They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds,which let them see exactly where every

5、 group went,24 hours a day.The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society.There are groups within groups within the population as a whole.There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups.This is the first time anyone has observed such a so

6、ciety in a bird.And Dr.Farine emphasizes this particular birds tiny brain size:“They dont only have small brains relative to mammals(哺乳动物),they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,”he said.According to him,living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of

7、 the social order.For example,if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group,it knows which group its looking atno need for a brain that can recognize every single animal.Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challen

8、ges theyre facing.Depending on what enemies or resources are around,it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,”Dr.Farine said.There may be more birds and other animals out there that,although small-

9、brained,have societies as many-leveled as our own.【文章大意】一项新的研究发现生活在非洲的群居的鹫珠鸡有严格的多层次生活结构,这可能推翻了以往的脑子小的动物不会有严格的多个社会阶层的研究结论。1.According to the passage,what inspired Dr.Farine to carry out the study?A.The guineafowls social behaviour.B.Previous assumptions about birds.C.His interest in animal brainpower

10、.D.The faults in earlier research.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句话Suspecting the guineafowlmight have a social structure,Dr.Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society.可知选A。2.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.The research subjects.B.The research methods.C.The research findings.D.The re

11、search equipment.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第四段的内容可知,Dr.Farine和他的同事们观察了这种鸟并给一些鸟安装了GPS来观察它们的整天的活动,说明了研究的方法,故选B。3.What can be learned from the passage?A.Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl.B.The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group.C.Birds maintain social order by t

12、ravelling in combined groups.D.Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies.【解析】选D。推理判断题。通过研究小脑的鹫珠鸡的社会阶层的发现,结合最后一段的第一句话可知小脑的动物也可能形成多层次的社会阶层,故选D。4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl.B.To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel

13、societies.C.To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl.D.To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。整篇讲述研究鹫珠鸡的生活习性而得出了研究的结论,故选A。B All animals from humans to birds,worms and crocodiles sleep,however,not all species sleep alike.Scientists have long puzzled over w

14、hich aspects are truly fundamental.Now a new study on lizards(蜥蜴)suggests that sleep states once thought to occur only in mammals and birds have much older evolutionary origins.Scientists had long doubted that birds and mammals are the only vertebrates(脊椎动物)to experience rapid eye movement(REM),a sl

15、eep state in which the body is mostly immobile but the brain is overworking.During REM sleep,the brain produces high-frequency waves of electrical activity and the eyes turn suddenly from time to time.In humans,REM is closely linked to dreaming.REM is a pattern of slow-wave sleep,a state in which br

16、ain activity weakens and the waves become more consistent.This slower state is widely thought to be important to memory formation and storage.“But scientists who looked for signs of REM and slow-wave sleep in reptiles(爬行动物)have had confusing results,”says Gilles Laurent,a neuroscientist at the Max P

17、lanck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt,Germany.So he and his colleagues had planned to examine how the lizards a common pet in Germany use visual information to chase treats.Using camera,the team found that the sleeping lizards eyes twitched during the REM-like stage,just like other animals

18、.They also found a very familiar pattern within the slower phase of the lizards brain waves.Some scientists believe these waves help transform new information into memories by replaying past events quickly.Although more studies are still needed to determine whether the function of these brain wave p

19、atterns is the same across species,the results suggest that these REM and slow-wave sleep patterns could date all the way back to the common ancestor of reptiles,birds,and mammals.【文章大意】一项对蜥蜴睡眠的研究证明我们常说的浅度睡眠状态,即快速眼动,有慢速的脑波运动的阶段,可追溯到爬行动物、鸟类和哺乳动物的祖先。5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.The orig

20、in of human dream.B.The definition and effect of REM.C.The features and course of memory.D.The advantages and disadvantages of REM.【解析】选B。段落大意题。从第二段的内容可知什么是REM,故选B。6.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word“twitched”in Paragraph 3?A.opened wideB.moved quicklyC.stayed closed D.kept

21、 still【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据just like other animals可知蜥蜴的眼睛在类似于REM阶段也是快速移动的,故选B。7.How do the lizards brain waves turn information into memories according to some scientists?A.By increasing their frequency slowly.B.By changing their pattern occasionally.C.By playing back the past events quickly.D.By connecti

22、ng visual information effectively.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中by replaying past events quickly可知是通过回放已经发生的事情来形成记忆的,故选C。8.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The function of the brain wave is the same.B.All the animals have the common ancestor.C.The sleep pattern of all the animals is the same.D.The s

23、tudy about sleep patterns has a long way to go.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句Although more studies are still needed to determine whether the function of these brain wave patterns is the same across species可推知还有待于继续证明,故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.fundamental adj.基本的,基础的2.immobile adj.不动的3.consistent adj.一致的;一贯的4.visual

24、adj.视觉的5.ancestor n.祖先.完形填空(2021青岛模拟)A scientist1several monkeys in order to study animal psychology.He took a glass bottle,2its cork(瓶塞)and put two peanuts inside it.The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside.He then passed the bottle to a monkey,who shook it3for a long

25、 while and was able to get the peanuts when they 4fell out.The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again 5he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out.6the monkey always ignored his 7.Each time it just shook the b

26、ottle frantically,with great 8but without necessarily achieving 9result.Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand 10the scientist instructs.11because all its attention was focused on the peanuts.Instead,it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly 12its attention to the13movem

27、ent of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down.To achieve this,it had to calm down and not be14by the impulse(冲动)of its appetite.Yet the monkey was not able to understand this.It is the instance like this that reveals the monkeys some psychology is just like 15of human beings.【文章

28、大意】科学家做了一个实验研究猴子的心理,结果猴子只关注吃的东西,而不关注得到东西的方法,故很难得到想要的东西,这和人类很相似。1.A.keptB.roseC.fed D.caught【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据科学家利用猴子做实验,结合几个选项可知应该是“养了”几只猴子。2.A.movingB.removedC.discoveredD.covered【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。根据下面的动作put two peanuts inside it可知打开瓶盖,故remove去除,符合句意。3.A.happilyB.anxiously C.hurriedly D.instantly【解析】选B。逻辑推

29、理题。根据for a long while可知猴子非常想吃里面的坚果,但晃了很长时间才弄出来,故选B.急切地。4.A.suddenlyB.accidentally C.occasionally D.quickly【解析】选B。背景常识题。使劲地晃动瓶子,里面的东西能出来,只是偶然的情况,故选B。5.A.asB.thatC.whatD.until【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据句意“科学家像以前一样把一些坚果再次放进瓶子里”可知用A,表示方式。6.A.ButB.WhenC.Therefore D.Thus【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据上文科学家给猴子演示和下文猴子不理会他的演示可推知前后两句话之间

30、为转折关系,故选A。7.A.directionsB.explanationsC.performances D.instructions【解析】选D。词语复现题。根据下文的instructs可知此处选D项。8.A.effortB.strengthC.power D.force【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据前文的shook the bottle frantically可知猴子很努力地晃动瓶子要把坚果弄出来,故选A,意为“努力”。9.A.expectingB.interestingC.satisfyingD.desired【解析】选D。词语辨析题。根据句意“未必得到想要的结果”可知desired想要

31、的,符合句意。10.A.whatB.howC.whyD.which【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。结合句意分析句子结构可知宾语从句缺少宾语,故选A。11.A.ProbablyB.Likely C.SimplyD.Nearly【解析】选C。词语辨析题。结合句意“仅仅是因为它所有的注意力都在坚果上”可知simply仅仅,符合句意。12.A.put B.sendC.payD.shift【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知原来的注意力在坚果上,后文提到要关注科学家的行为,可推知要“改变”关注对象,故选D。13.A.gesture B.mouth C.hand D.eye【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。结合上文

32、turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out可推知科学家用手在演示,故选C。14.A.taken awayB.taken offC.taken over D.taken on【解析】选C。词语辨析题。根据句意“为了达到目标,它就得冷静下来,不被胃口的冲动控制思想”可知,take over控制,符合句意。take away拿走,take off脱掉,take on呈现,都不符合句意。15.A.thatB.theC.those D.this【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。根据句意可知此处是把猴子的心理和人的心理进行对比,所以需要用that

33、替代psychology。.语法填空(2021济南模拟)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The giant panda,also 1._(know)as panda bear or simply panda,is a bear native 2._ south central China.In the past many years,the giant panda 3._(drive)out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming,deforestation and othe

34、r 4._(develop).Wild population estimates vary:one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals 5._(live)inthe wild,while a 2006 study estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000.Some reports also show that 6._ number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.The West firs

35、t learned of the giant panda on March 11,1869,7._ the French missionary(传教士)Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter.In 1936,Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner 8._(bring)a live giant panda named Su Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago.To protect the pandas,in 2012,Earthwatch Institute,

36、a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important 9._(science)research,launched a program called“On the Trail of Giant Panda”.This program,based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve,allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity(圈养),and help them 1

37、0._(gradual)adapt to life in the wild.1.【解析】known。考查非谓语动词。根据句意“作为而出名”可知填写过去分词作定语修饰先行词。2.【解析】to。考查介词。native to.表示“特有的”。3.【解析】has been driven。考查时态和语态。根据句意,再结合时间状语In the past many years可知本句使用现在完成时的被动语态。4.【解析】development。考查名词。根据deforestation和other可知应填写名词。5.【解析】living。考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知,需要后置定语修饰individuals,且与其是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。6.【解析】the。考查冠词。根据谓语动词is再结合句意可知为“的数目”之意,故用the。7.【解析】when。考查定语从句引导词。根据句意可知关系词修饰March 11,1869,且在定语从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when。8.【解析】to bring。考查非谓语动词。根据名词前的序数词可知要用不定式作后置定语。9.【解析】scientific。考查形容词。修饰名词research要用形容词。10.【解析】gradually。考查副词。修饰动词要用副词。